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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 1
STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE PLANNING, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF
MICRO-WATERSHED FOR BASAVANA BAGEWADI TALUKA OF VIJAYAPUR
DISTRICT Nagraj S. Patil 1, Basavaraj B. Hosamani2, Nataraja M.3, Nagendra3 1(Associate Professor, Dept. of Water & Land Management, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India)
2, 3(Dept. of Water & Land Management, VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India)
I. INTRODUCTION
Water is the vital natural resource essential for the
survival of mankind. Rainfall is the main source of
water which is unevenly distributed spatially and
temporally. This makes the management of water
resources (assessing, planning and managing of
water resources for sustainable use) a complex task.
It has become more critical in places where rainfall
is very low and uneven. Water and land are the two
main resources which need preservation, control
and maintenance through improved engineering
practices. Management and conservation of water
resources require hydrological investigations
related to storage capacity of reservoirs, flood
magnitude and its frequency of occurrence, peak
runoff and seasonal variation in stream discharge.
High intensity of runoff is the main cause of soil
erosion in humid areas which causes floods and
siltation of rivers and reservoirs. Keeping in view
that the water and land resources need to be
managed in an integrated and comprehensive
manner. In this paper we proposed a design and
plan to supply a water to the Basvana Bagewadi
taluk through a gravity flow to fill 10 tanks in the
surrounding villages, to increase the groundwater
table in the villages and to propose best suitable site
for rainwater harvesting.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
All paragraphs must be indented. All paragraphs
must be justified, i.e. both left-justified and right-
justified.
A. Study Area
The Basavana Bagewadi Taluka of Vijayapur
district is selected as a study area shown in figure 1.
The study area geographically lies between 75̊ 47’
30” and 75̊ 58’ 00” E Longitude and 16̊ 20’ 30” and
16̊ 34’ 30” N latitude, the watershed area
geographically covers about 52.59 Sq. km and is
covered in Survey of India (SOI) Topo sheet
numbers 47 P/15 47 P/14 AND 47 P/5 on 1:50000
Abstract: The water supply system is very important aspect on a global level, which is used for supply of water for
various useful purposes and without which life seems to be very difficult to be sustained. Hence the supply of
pure water has been a major concern from years and is still developing. Recent developments involve the use
of software’s for simulating the hydraulic and water quality. Basavana Bagewadi Taluk of Vijayapur district
has number of village tanks that to go dry frequently due to scanty rainfall and on many occasions even
drinking water is scarce in summer. In order to take care of this extreme drought situation and to provide
drinking water facility to the population of villages and to enable assured irrigation, fishery development it is
proposed to pump water from Krishna River during a monsoon month to fill a 10 tanks in this area this will
help to recharge ground water table in the region by the use of hydrological model i.e., SWAT. This approach
significantly saves time and cost and is able not only to determine the suitable locations, but also to determine
the best region for construction of rainwater harvesting structures.
Keywords — Water Supply System, Hydrological Model, Rainwater Harvesting Structures.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 2
scale. The main water source is Krishna River.
Krishna river rises at Mahabaleswar near the Jor
village in the Wai Taluka, Satara District,
Maharashtra in the west and meets the Bay of
Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh, on the
east coast. The maximum length and width of micro
watershed area is about 3.00 km to 5.20 km
respectively. The basin is home to some 74.2
million inhabitants. The population density is 287
in h/km² with people concentrated in the irrigated
areas and metropolitan urban centers. The lowest
densities are recorded in the southwest and center
of the basin in Karnataka.
Fig. 1: Location of study area
B. Data and its Sources
The Various data required for the study were
collected from different sources which are shown in
table 1.
TABLE 1: Data and its Sources Sl.
No.
Data Sources
1. Toposheets (1:50000
scale)
Survey of India
2. Digital Elevation Model Cartosat - I Ver. 3R1
3. Land use land cover Global Land cover facility
4. Soil map (1:250000) National Bureau of Soil
Survey and land use Planning
(NBSS & LUP) 1995, and
Karnataka State Remote
Sensing Application Centre
(KSRAC) of 1:50000
5. Rainfall Statistical Department,
Belagavi
The following fig. 2 shows the flowchart
methodology i) To Prepare thematic maps using
SOI Topo maps and remotely sensed data; and ii)
Creation of digital database using ArcGIS software.
Fig. 2: Methodology for preparation of thematic maps
C. Preparation of Thematic maps
In order to know the different natural resources,
terrain conditions, etc. in the study area, different
thematic maps are prepared. The preparation of
different thematic maps follows the “Integrated
Mission for Sustainable Development “(NRSA,
1995) Technical Guidelines, NRSA, Hyderabad.
The thematic maps are prepared using Arc GIS 10.1
software,
i) Base map shown in fig. 1 created using SOI Topo
sheets, ii) Drainage map using DEM data which is
32m resolution shown in figure 4, iii) Land use/
land cover Map shown in figure 5, iv) Soil map in
figure 6, figure 7 shows the proposed tanks for
waters supply and recharge of groundwater v) Slope
map in figure 8 vi) Micro-Watershed map in fig.9.
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 3
Fig. 3: DEM map of the B. Bagewadi watershed
Fig. 4: Drainage map of the B. Bagewadi watershed
Fig. 5: Land use Land cover map of the B. Bagewadi watershed
Fig. 6: Soil map of the B. Bagewadi watershed
Fig.7: Village Tanks of the B. Bagewadi watershed
Fig. 8: Slope map of the B. Bagewadi watershed
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 4
Fig. 9: Micro watershed map of B.Bagewadi catchment
d. Results and Discussion
Design of Water Supply System
The proposed location of head works is on Krishna
river left bank shown in figure 12. The rising main,
feeder canals to supply water to the tanks from outlets
and delivery chamber were marked on the maps by
considering the high flood level of the river and the
topography of the land and ground levels. Alternate
alignment of the rising main of location of lift head
works consisting of intake structure jack-well and
pump house where also studied on the topo-maps. In
order to compute the quantity of water to be lifted for
supplying to the tanks 75% of their capacity is
considered. To this 20% is added to take care of
transmission loss, evaporation loss and requirement
for drinking water supply.
TABLE 2: Name of tanks with storage capacity of B. Bagewadi Taluka
SL
NO
Name of the tank Gross storage
capacity in
Mcft
Capacity at 75%
for filling
(mcft)
Add 20% for evaporan
tion transmission losses
&drinking purpose
Mcft ( #)
Capacity in
( mcum)
(#*0.0283168)
Discharge in
cumec for 1 filling
1 MASUTI 9.00 6.750 8.550 0.242 0.012
2 MALAGHA 20.780 15.585 19.741 0.559 0.027
3 TALEWAD 6.00 4.500 5.700 0.161 0.080
4 KUDAGI 25.050 18.788 23.798 0.674 0.032
5 MUTTAGI 5.470 4.103 5.197 0.147 0.007
6 NAGAWAD 15.200 11.400 14.440 0.409 0.019
7 MUNNAR 14.670 11.003 13.937 0.395 0.019
8 MUKARTIH 51.340 38.505 48.773 1.381 0.066
9 KIRSHAL 57.140 42.855 54.283 1.537 0.073
10 HEBBAL 7.00 5.250 6.650 0.188 0.009
This works out to 201.10 Mcft or 5.649 MCM,
considering all the tanks proposed in the scheme. It is
proposed to supply this quantity of water over a
period of 120 days for one shift or 240 days for two
fillings with the pumps working for 24 hours a day.
This works out to a discharge 0.549 cum/sec.
Hence 0.549 cumces have to be lifted. For this
purpose, one V.T pump of 1577 HP capacity has to be
installed. One more pump of the same capacity is
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 5
proposed as stand by. The raising main for the
pumping will be 850mm dia PSC pipe of 35mm thick
for length of 12800Km, 800mm dia PSC pipe of
35mm thick for a length of 6400m, length upto DC.
The bleeder lines are connected to the feeder line with
the control valves. These valves are operated to
maintain the required discharge flow in the tanks. At
the end of the bleeder one structure is named stilling
basins are constructed to control the erosion. The
delivery chamber is designed for suitable capacity
with detention period of 180 seconds. The gravity
pipes connected to DC with control valves. Table 2
shows list of proposed tanks in B. Bagewadi taluka.
Fig. 10: Location map of tanks
Rain Water Harvesting
In this study rainwater harvesting structures
were proposed in the catchment of B. Bagewadi
taluka based on the geology and necessity of such
structures as explained. Hydro geologically, the
area forms the part of the hard rock and most part
covers black cotton soil. The topographical
conditions lead high runoff. Adopting watershed
treatment is good option in augmenting the natural
recharge due to the uneven topography, there will
be more soil erosion. The villages located in the
areas facing drinking water scarcity and the village
tanks frequently drying due to uneven rainfall. Such
an attempt to recharge the ground water is made in
the catchment by applying principles of rain water
harvesting. Fig.10 shows the methodology adopted
for rain water harvesting.
Fig. 11: Methodology for suggesting the RWH structures
TABLE 3: Weights assigned to different soil textures
Soil texture Weights
Clay 1
Sandy clay loam, clay loam 2
Shallow weathered pediplain 3
Moderately weathered
pediplain
4
Sandy clay 5
TABLE 4: Weights assigned to different class of slope
Different class of slopes Weights
0-1 % 1
1-3 % 2
3-5 % 3
Above 5 % 4
The rainwater has to be captured and made
to infiltrate at the place where it falls and should not
be allowed to generate runoff. But, this cannot be
done at all places due to variation in soil type,
geomorphology and slope etc. RS and GIS are very
much helpful in identifying areas which are suitable
for RWH. Different soil types have different
infiltration capacity. Based on their infiltration
weights are assigned to different types of soil
texture (refer table 3).
Slope is very important for land capability
assessment. Slope map is useful for selection of
RWH structures and soil erosion treatment for the
International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 1, Jan – Feb 2018
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 6
watershed management. The slope in the watershed
is the indicative of intensity of runoff. Runoff
increases with increases in slope and vice versa.
Hence weights are assigned to different classes of
slope (refer table 4). These weights are signifying
the suitability of various land forms for RWH
structures. Soil type, hydro geomorphology and the
slope are the main criteria involved in identifying
suitable areas of recharge. Then the suitability
indices are calculated for each polygon and regions
with higher suitability are identified. The existing
water bodies from topo maps are identified and are
not considered for constructing RWH structures.
The areas identified from the topographic maps are
updated with recent satellite data. These are
identified as the best suited areas for RWH show in
figure 11. Figure 11 shows the location of proposed
RWH structures recommended based on the
available natural resources within catchment. The
RWH structures, such as gully plugs, nala bunds
and check dams are suggested for conservation of
natural resources and also to arrest the sediment
entering in to the Krishna reservoir.
Fig. 12: Location of different rainwater harvesting structures
III. CONCLUSION
The proposed project envisages several irrigation
benefits through construction of irrigation and
settlement projects for conservation, diversion and
distribution of water under gravity and lift irrigation
to new and existing lands for cultivation by farmers
for food crop production. When the ground water
potential is low and is available at greater depths.
Hence it is very much essential to explore alternate
source of water to fill up the tanks. To stabilize
irrigation activity and ensure drinking water supply to
the people and cattle of the region. Since the schemes
involves drinking water supply it has to be taken up
on top priority which is in live with the policy of both
central and state governments. Emerging tools like
GIS and remote sensing can be successfully utilized
for deriving the Existing water bodies and drainage
patterns. Such information which is generally not
collected and maintained in any organized fashion in
the conventional mechanisms is very useful for
developing performance indicators of irrigation
system. Remote sensing and Geographic Information
Systems can help in the determination of areas
suitable for rain water harvesting. At the same time,
on a much broader geographic scale, remote sensing
and GIS technologies are being applied to assess and
select suitable areas for large-scale water harvesting
applications within selected area.
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