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Study of the effect of water and gas injection on the total pressure gradient in upward-vertical viscous oil flow
Douglas Martins Rocha
Advisor: Prof. Assoc. Oscar M. H. Rodriguez
Context
2Multiphasic
Flow
Lifting methods and
transportation
Research
Efficiency
Feasibility
$Production $TransportationFlow
Technology
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Goal
3
Multiphase flow study for improve the efficiency of oil lifting and transportation
methods.
Artificial Lifting D
ou
glas
Mar
tin
s R
och
a -
Mas
ter’
s D
egre
e P
roje
ct J
un
/20
14
Gas-lift
4
Applicable for low to medium flow rates(Re+/- 10000)
Poor efficiency for heavy oil (high viscosity)Gas
-Lif
t
Source: (Guet e Ooms, 2006)
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Core-Flow
5Water Water
OilSource: (Parda e Bannwart, 2001)
Applicable for reducing the frictional component of the pressure gradient
Co
re-f
low
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Water-Gas-Lift
6
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑧=
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑧𝑔
+𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑧𝑓
+𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑧𝑎
Source: (Guet e Ooms, 2006)
Core-FlowGas-Lift
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Work strategy
7
Investigate (lab tests) the behavior of each technique in vertical upward flow of oil from moderate to high viscosity
Develop a phenomenological model to predict the behavior of each flow.
Validation
MODEL vs EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
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9
ModificationsIt wasn’t possible to reach bobbles flow
pattern
It wasn’t possible to reach annular flow pattern
Pro
ble
ms
It wasn’t possible to measure easily differential pressure gradient with accuracy
It wasn’t possible to reach high superficial oil velocities because the high oil line
pressure loss
It wasn’t possible to work with several oil viscosities
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10
Today (flow pattern injectors)
Bobbles
AnnularChurn/Slug
Oil
Oil-Gas flow
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Today (flow pattern injectors)
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12
Today (differential pressure)
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13
Today (differential pressure)
ENDRESS HAUSER
1 With rang of (-3 to 3 kPa)
1 With range of (-40 to 40 kPa), adjustable to -10 to 20 kPa
Accurace
1 With +/- 4,5Pa
1With +/- 22,5 Pa
(+/- 0,075% of set span)
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15
Modeling (two phase flow)
Annular Two fluid model approach
Taitel and Barnea (1990)
Sylvester (1987)
Homogeneous Model
Intermittent
Bubble
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Modeling (two phase flow)
Homogeneous Model for all flow patterns
Phase fractions calculated with Hibikiand Ishii (2002,2003)
Flow pattern predicted with Taitel, Barnea and
Dukler (1980)
Liquid viscosity predicted with Guet et al. (2006)
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Modeling (two phase flow)
All the models showed before will be applied for three phase flow
Liquid viscosity predicted with Guet et al. (2006)
Liquid = Oil + Water
So, it is a model for two phase flow
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Modeling (three phase flow)
Develop a phenomenological model for three phase flow. THIS NEED EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS….
Challenge
Flow pattern Phase fractions dP/dz
Information about phases interactions.
Slippage between the phase
Gravitational and frictional
Development Validating Validating
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Expected results
23
Effective viscosity limit of the mixture (gas lift), above which the gas injection shows less advantageous to reduce the pressure gradient for a given production rate of oil;
Determining the impact of the pattern three-phase flow in reducing the pressure gradient
Acquire new data about three phase flow pattern (Wire-Mesh, High Speed Camera…).
Develop an effective three phase flow model to predict phase fractions and pressure gradient.
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References
24
GUET, S.; OOMS, G. Fluid mechanical aspects of the gas-lift technique. In: (Ed.). Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, v.38, 2006. p.225-249. (Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics).
Taitel, Yehuda, and Dvora Barnea. "Two-phase slug flow." Adv. Heat Transfer 20 (1990): 83-132.
Guet, S., et al. "An inverse dispersed multiphase flow model for liquid production rate determination." International journal of multiphase flow 32.5 (2006): 553-567.
PARDA, V. J. W.; BANNWART A. C. Modeling of vertical core-annular flows and application to heavy oil production. J Energy Resour Technol. ASME. v.123, 2001. p.194-199.
SYLVESTER, N. D. A mechanistic model for two-phase vertical slug flow in pipes. Journal of energy resources technology, v. 109, n. 4, p. 206-213, 1987.
BARNEA, Dvora et al. Flow pattern transition for gas-liquid flow in horizontal and inclined pipes. Comparison of experimental data with theory.International Journal of Multiphase Flow, v. 6, n. 3, p. 217-225, 1980.
HIBIKI, Takashi; ISHII, Mamoru. One-dimensional drift–flux model for two-phase flow in a large diameter pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 46, n. 10, p. 1773-1790, 2003.
HIBIKI, Takashi; ISHII, Mamoru. Distribution parameter and drift velocity of drift-flux model in bubblyflow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 45, n. 4, p. 707-721, 2002.
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