101
Study of Short Range Correlation in Nuclei: High-momentum components of the nuclear wave function, and the short-range tensor N-N interaction. Eli Piasetzky Tel Aviv University, ISRAEL July 2015

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Study of Short Range Correlation

in Nuclei

High-momentum components of the

nuclear wave function

and the short-range tensor N-N interaction

Eli Piasetzky Tel Aviv University ISRAEL July 2015

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Mean Field NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations

in nuclei

17f

SRC ~RN LRC ~RA

K 1 gt KF

K 2 gt KF

K 1

K 2

K 1 K 2

1f

Nucleons

2N-SRC

17f

o = 016 GeVfm3

~1 fm

17 fm

In momentum space

A pair with large relative

momentum between the

nucleons and small CM

momentum

FCM

Frel

KK

KK

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

Partonic (hadronic) structure

of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks

to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow

large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions

Nucleons

2N-SRC

MISSING

Spectroscopic

factors

for (e ersquop)

reactions

show only

60-70

of the

expected

single-particle

strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)

Correlations Between Nucleons

SRC and LRC

Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Mean Field NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations

in nuclei

17f

SRC ~RN LRC ~RA

K 1 gt KF

K 2 gt KF

K 1

K 2

K 1 K 2

1f

Nucleons

2N-SRC

17f

o = 016 GeVfm3

~1 fm

17 fm

In momentum space

A pair with large relative

momentum between the

nucleons and small CM

momentum

FCM

Frel

KK

KK

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

Partonic (hadronic) structure

of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks

to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow

large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions

Nucleons

2N-SRC

MISSING

Spectroscopic

factors

for (e ersquop)

reactions

show only

60-70

of the

expected

single-particle

strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)

Correlations Between Nucleons

SRC and LRC

Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations

in nuclei

17f

SRC ~RN LRC ~RA

K 1 gt KF

K 2 gt KF

K 1

K 2

K 1 K 2

1f

Nucleons

2N-SRC

17f

o = 016 GeVfm3

~1 fm

17 fm

In momentum space

A pair with large relative

momentum between the

nucleons and small CM

momentum

FCM

Frel

KK

KK

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

Partonic (hadronic) structure

of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks

to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow

large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions

Nucleons

2N-SRC

MISSING

Spectroscopic

factors

for (e ersquop)

reactions

show only

60-70

of the

expected

single-particle

strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)

Correlations Between Nucleons

SRC and LRC

Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

Partonic (hadronic) structure

of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks

to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow

large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions

Nucleons

2N-SRC

MISSING

Spectroscopic

factors

for (e ersquop)

reactions

show only

60-70

of the

expected

single-particle

strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)

Correlations Between Nucleons

SRC and LRC

Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

MISSING

Spectroscopic

factors

for (e ersquop)

reactions

show only

60-70

of the

expected

single-particle

strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)

Correlations Between Nucleons

SRC and LRC

Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements

At high nucleon momentum

distributions are similar in shape for

light and heavy nuclei SCALING

Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance

Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the

probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor

But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB

determines a minimum pi

In A(eersquo) the momentum of the

struck proton (pi) is unknown

ee

q pi

Prediction by

Frankfurt Sargsian

and Strikman

)()( knCkn DAA

Adapted from

Ciofi degli Atti

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)

a2N(Ad)

Q2=25GeV2

N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012

More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)

Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)

K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

8

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

9

triple ndash coincidence measurements

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

10

triple ndash coincidence measurements

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

11

triple ndash coincidence measurements

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

12

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

13

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

14

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

15

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

BNL EVA

12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)

[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2

[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2

R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)

12C

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

np pp SRC pairs ratio

c Al Fe Pb

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in

the np momentum distribution due to the strong

correlations induced by the tensor NN potential

3He3He

V18 Bonn

np np

pn

pp

pp pp

ppnp

3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper

Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

Ciofi and Alvioli

PRL 100 162503 (2008)

L = 0 2

SRC

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

E07-006 (2011) 4He

22

I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

56)1( ZZ

66 NZ

C

A

SRCnp

SRCnp

12

C

A

SRCpp

SRCpp

12

CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The mass dependence of the SRC pairs

httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050

N=0 (nodeless) L=o

IPM pairs

Predominantly

L=02 T=0 S=1

(deuteron like) pairs

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to

be above the Fermi sea

np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei

Possible inversion of the momentum sharing

np kk

Fkk

Universal property

Pauli Principle

pn kk

proton

protons

neutrons

M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305

O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei

Light nuclei Alt11

Variational Monte Carlo

calculations by the

Argonne group

N - Z

A

ltKEgtp n

ltKEgt

p minus n

( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )

)1(

)1(

)1(

)1(

kn

kn

kn

kn

p

p

n

n

Wiringa et al

phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei

JLab E14-011

(Approved experiment)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

~1 fm

5 GeVc 109 protons sec

fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

A window of opportunity for

5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target

A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China

With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil

particle

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Why HE protons are good probes of SRC

selective attention to SRC

Selective attention A type of attention which

involves focusing on a specific aspect of a

scene while ignoring other aspects

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

p p pp elastic scattering

near 900 cm

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

31

Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons

are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

with wide angle scattering

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

Cross section is large

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)

12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL

γ

pf

pn

Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt

Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)

Removal of a proton with

momentum above 275 MeVc

from 12C is 92plusmn818

accompanied by a recoil high

momentum neutron

σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc

Directional correlation

count rate was only ~1 per week

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC

EVA BNL

Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events

with pngtkF

cMeVpmiss 15

With 100ps TOF resolution

n

Migdal jump

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force

We propose

First measurement below 400 MeVc

Better statistics above 600 MeVc

At 400-600 MeVc

3He

Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman

Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)

I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501

(2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ

Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs

Z=20

N=20

Z=20

N=28

Add 8

f72

neutr

ons

Z=26

N=28Add 8 protons

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

What is the role

played by short

range correlation of

more than two

nucleons

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Summary ndash relevant of Correlations

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Jan Ryckebush

Jenny Lee

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems41

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107

proton

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum

(high virtuality) nucleons

12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS

neutron

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

du=0

du=02

du=12

ud-SRC

du -gt1

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

SRC

EMC

PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp

EMC SRC correlation

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ

In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon

EMC

12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107

Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function

Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function

12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal

See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday

the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality

22 mp

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Implications

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS

50

BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)

IMC Effect Slope

BONUS -010(5)

EMCSRC -009(1)

O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)

Freenp

pair

Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

EMC IMC

EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)

IMC- In-Medium Correction

np

d

d

A

np

A AA

2

PRL 106 052301 (2011)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron

and proton data to extract free neutron properties

EMCSRC

larger d u ratio x-gt1

Neutron structure function

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

NuTeV anomaly

Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers

Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta

for the invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Raphael Dupre

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The observable of choice

The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in

quasi-elastic scattering

)( peeA

obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties

~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge

disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC

FSI Minimal affected by radiative

corrections

GEpGMp

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Dependent on proton virtuality

Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data

Adapted from S Strauch

S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)

S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)

Calculations by the Madrid group

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CTEQ calculations

SLAC Data

CT10W -

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

SLAC Data

JPG 36(2009)205005

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The IMC (at a 90 CL)

du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009

Nucleon Model F2nF2p

du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr

quarr)

37 15

INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301

Robustness

07 IMC

125 IMC

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Summary

After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin

SRC and EMC are linearly correlated

Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility

We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons

Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the

invitation

Collaborators

Or Hen Larry Weinstein

Shalev Gilad Doug

Higinbothan Steve Wood

John Watson

Misak Sargsian Mark

Strikman Leonid

Frankfurt Gerald Miller

Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Acknowledgment

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)

Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)

Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)

InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

A

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689

Frankfurt and Strikman

PL B183 (1987) 254

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in

Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E

Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The free neutron structure function

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Compared to CT calculations

SLAC Data

Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan

Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W

like Chebyshev fits

SU6

pQCD

Scalar

qq

The d u ratio

ud-SRC

See talk by

Sargsian

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Toy models for large x

Nucleon Model F2nF2

p du

SU(6) 23 12

Scalar diquark 14 0

pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15

ud-SRC rarr1

Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)

11

110

)(3

2)(

3

1

)(3

1)(

18

1)(

2

1

SS

SSS

uuduud

uduuduudup

Adapted from JP Chen

ud SRC

See talk by Sargsian

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect

per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS

30 years old

A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon

Question

Jerryrsquos talk

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

For

035 le XB le 07

The free neutron structure function

SLAC Data J Arrington et al

JPG 36(2009)205005

Extracted from this work

Fermi smearing using relativistic

deuteron momentum density

With medium correction

Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

The probability for a nucleon to have momentum

ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25

More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum

ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC

Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-

600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times

larger than to belong to pp-SRC

PRL 96 082501 (2006)

PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)

CLA

S

HA

LL B

EV

A B

NL a

nd J

lab

H

ALL A

1

2

3

3

1

2

3

5

4

PRL 98132501 (2007)

Short distance structure of nuclei

Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei

is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC

1

2

2

1In light asymmetric nuclei

majorityority kk min

In heavy asymmetric nuclei

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei

They contribute about an order of

magnitude less than the 2N_SRC

Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is

tensor force 4

6

Short distance structure of nuclei

The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is

dominated by

L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs

These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM

pairs

4

CLA

S

HA

LL B

6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Some do not like them

Some theoreticians denied their existence

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Short range correlations

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities ~1 fm

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Nucleons

2N-

SRC

Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the

resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)

structure of a complex target

DIS

partonic structure

of hadrons

hadronic structure of nuclei

~1 fm

Hard nuclear reactions

Scale

several tens of GeV

Scale

several GeV

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy

SRC Outreach

Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi

Systems84

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment

-18-EVABNL

-179263E01-015JLab

-22350E07-006JLab

--1533CLASJLab

0lt450lt2000Total

Number of hard triple coincidence

events (World data)

)2(12 pnpC

)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe

)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC

)( PbFe AlC ppee

5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target

X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

86

Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC

Large momentum transfer is possible

With wide angle scattering

For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm

10 sdt

d

QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong

preference for reacting with forward going

high momentum nuclear protons

= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm

They have Small deBroglie wavelength

The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering

preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

CM motion of the pair

56Fe

σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]

PRELIMINARYσ

y

12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6

27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13

56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7

208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16

recoilmisscm ppp

Pcmp

O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Pmiss

q

12C(eersquopp) Precoil P

recoil

q

56Fe(eersquopp)

q

208Pb(eersquopp)

Pmiss

Ein =5014 GeV

Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12

JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set

pp-SRC events

q

recoilp

missp

γ)(4 ppeeHe

)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems

particularly at distance scales small compared to

the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a

formidable challenge to both experiment and

theoryrdquo

(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The

DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee

Feb 1996 [1])

This long standing challenge for nuclear

physics can experimentally be effectively

addressed thanks to high intensity and high

momentum transfer reached by present

facilities~1 fm

5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target

gt10k events100 Hr

GSI FAIRDubna

CSR

Lanzhou

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Nuclear Physics 101

bull Many-Body Hamiltonian

bull Mean-Field Approximation

Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model

E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson

1963 Nobel Prize

bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip

A

i

A

i N

i iVm

pH

11

2

)(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

A

kji

N

A

ji

N

A

i N

i kjiVjiVm

pH

1

3

1

2

1

2

)()(2

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations

bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength

bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range

Correlations

91

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

92

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

93

triple ndash coincidence measurements

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

94

triple ndash coincidence measurements

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

95

triple ndash coincidence measurements

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

96

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

97

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

98

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

99

triple ndash coincidence

measurements

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Hard exclusive

triple ndash coincidence measurements

K 1

K 2

Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon

in a short range correlated pair

Pmiss[MeVc]

pairsnucleiexperiment

300-600pp only12CEVABNL

300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab

400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab

300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)

Kcm=0

All pairs

Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and

Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi

Weber viXra150306122

Korover et al PRL

113 022501 (2014)