Study Guide – Chapter 3

1) Review all vocab words: Pgs 7, 14, 15 and 24 in notebook. Also recall: Prokaryote and Eukaryote.

2) What happens during Meiosis? 3) Why is Meiosis important? 4) What does Meiosis result in?5) How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell compared to a skin cell? Which is haploid, and

which is diploid?6) Draw and label the flower diagram (figure 12) on page 138 in your textbook. 7) What is the life cycle of an angiosperm? Know the parts and what they do.8) What is the difference between abiotic pollination and biotic pollination?9) What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by abiotic factors?10) What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by biotic factors? 11) What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?12) How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?13) What are the types of asexual reproduction?14) What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?15) What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

2) What happens during Meiosis? Recall: page 9 in NB

During Interphase, similar chromosomes pair with one another forming homologous chromosomes.

During Meiosis I, the first cell division takes place resulting in two DIPLOID daughter cells.

During Meiosis II, the two diploid daughter cells divide forming 4 Haploid sex cells.

3) Why is Meiosis important? Recall: Page 10 and 11 in NB Meiosis is so important because it is what makes

everyone unique with different characteristics.

It is also important because sex cells need to be haploid. If sex cells continued to be diploid, the number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell would continue to multiply.

Eventually, there would be too many chromosomes to fit in the nucleus of a cell!

4)What does Meiosis result in?

Four haploid sex cells.

Sperm in Males

Eggs in Females

5) How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell compared to a skin cell? Which is haploid, and which is diploid?

Sperm cells are HAPLOID

Skin cells are DIPLOID

So there are half as many!

6) Draw and label the flower diagram (figure 12) on page 138 in your textbook.

Draw the diagram and know the parts

7) What is the life cycle of an angiosperm? Know the parts and what they do.Recall: page 17 in NB

1. Pollen travels by wind, gravity, water or animal.

2. Pollen lands on the stigma. This is pollination

3. A pollen tube grows to reach the ovary.

4. When the pollen tube reaches the ovary then it releases sperm. This is fertilization.

5. Each ovule and embryo will become a seed.

6. The ovary will become the fruit to protect the seed.

7. The seeds can grow into new genetically related plants.

8. Then the cycle can repeat

8) What is the difference between abiotic pollination and biotic pollination?Recall: pg 23 in NB

Abiotic: does not rely on other organisms. Wind, gravity, water

Biotic: relied on other organisms. Bees, butterflies bats, rodents, etc…

9) What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by abiotic factors?Recall Pg: 23 in NB

Small flowers

Exposed pollen

Less bright colors or none at all.

No scent

Lots of pollen

No nectar

10) What are three characteristics of plants pollinated by biotic factors?Recall Pg 23 in NB

A way to advertise Bright colors

Scent – good or bad

Specialized parts Some kind of reward – like nectar

or protection

11) What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

Share out answers…

Pollination is the actual pollen landing on the stigma.

Fertilization happens when the pollen tube reaches the ovary then it releases sperm.

The definition of fertilization is The joining of egg and sperm.

12) How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?

• Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents. One with sperm. One with egg.

• Sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation. This is what makes us all different.

• Asexual Reproduction only requires 1 parent.

• Asexual reproduction leads to all offspring being genetically identical.

Anything Else?

13) What are the types of asexual reproduction?Recall Pg 24 in NB

Fission Mitotic cell division Budding Plant cuttings Animal regeneration for a new animal Cloning

Let’s share out definitions

1) Genetic Variation

2) Selective Breeding

1. Organism needs time to grow before they can reproduce.

2. Requires energy to produce egg and sperm

3. Requires work to get egg and sperm together.

1. Do not need to spend time finding a mate

2. Takes less time

3. Offspring are equally able to survive in an environment

1. Lack of genetic variation

2. Harmful mutation could be passed to offspring.

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Advantages

Disadvantages

14 and 15