STUDY GUIDE

1. European Intellectual Movement

Enlightenment

2. List elements of the Virginia Plan

2 House Leg.Representation based on Pop. In both houses

3. What were the Federalist Papers?

Written in favor of the

Constitution

4. Define Democracy

Rule by the people

5. Define Republic

Representative Democracy

6. 1st Ten Amendments are

called...

Bill of Rights

8. President elected by the House

Thomas Jefferson

9. Define Treaty

Agreement between 2 or

more countries

10. Capital of Illinois

Springfield

11. Importance of Plessy v. Ferguson

Legalized separate but

equal (segregation)

12. Importance of Brown v. Board of

Educ., Topeka

Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

13. Importance of Miranda v. Arizona

Miranda Warnings

14. Why was Greece/Rome

important to U.S. Govt.?

Where democracy first

developed

15. What is common law?

Law based on custom and use

16. Importance of Magna Carta

Kings & Queens no longer above

the law

17. Locke’s Philosophy

Natural Rights, life, liberty,

property

18. Author of Dec. of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

19. Define Separation of Powers

Dividing power in the national

gov’t into branches

20. What was a loyalist?

Favored loyalty to Great Britain

20. What was a patriot?Favored

independence

21. What was the Mayflower Compact?

Agreement between pilgrim

leaders

22. Define Confederation

Loose association of independent

states

23. Elements of the 3/5ths Compromise

5 slaves count as 3 people for both taxation

and representation

24. How many states needed to

ratify the new Constitution?

9

25. What is the checks & balances

system?

Each branch exercises a check

on the other branch

26. Requirements to vote in Illinois

18 years old30 day resident

U.S. Citizen

27. Illinois lawmaking power

rests in theGeneral

Assembly

28. Importance of the 14th Amendment

Gave blacks equal

protection under the laws

29. Define reapportionment

Redrawing voting districts after a census

30. 3 Most important powers of

CongressTaxationDeclaration of WarCreation of Law

31. Define Elastic Clause

Allows Constitution to

stretch

32. Another name for elastic clause

Necessary & Proper Clause

33. Importance of appropriations

committee

All $ bills begin here

34. Define “marking up a bill”

To approve, amend, or draft

a new bill

35. Define “reporting out a bill”

Approve a bill in committee

36. Role of party whip

Keep party members informed

38. Define popular sovereignty

Ultimate authority rests with the people

40. 1st major Supreme Court case

Marbury v. Madison

41. Define “dangerous tendency

test”

See if words could have a dangerous

tendency

42. Define “clear & present danger test”

See if words have a clear and present

danger

43. Explain due process of law

Course of legal measure to protect a person

44. Define double jeopardy

Being tried for the same crime

twice

45. All bills requiring a tax increase start

here

House of Representatives

46. Explain Habeus Corpus

Court order requiring a person

to go before a judge to decide if he’s

being held lawfully

47. Define Restitution

Making good to someone on a loss or damage

48. Define Civil Law

Body of law regulating

private rights and obligations

49. Define Criminal Law

Body of law regulating offenses against

community

51. Define contract

Written or oral agreement

between 2 or more parties

53. Define eminent domain

Right to take private property

for public use

54. Define misdemeanor

Minor crime

55. Give an example

Speeding Small theft

56. Define Felony

Serious crime

57. Give an example

ArsonMurder

58. Define Plaintiff

Party bringing suit in a civil

case

59. Define Writ of Certiorari

Notification that a higher court wishes to hear a case so send

the records

60. Define Dissenting Opinion

Opinion of Justices

disagreeing with majority

63. Reasons for writing Declaration of

Independence

New theory of Gov’tList of grievances

Declare Independence

64. Elements of Great Compromise

2 House legislature - 1 equal & 1 based

on population

65. Rights protected in 1st AmendmentRReligionAAssemblySSpeechPPressPPetition

66. 27th amendment

Congressional Pay raises

67. How many amendments are

there?

27

68. 17th amendment

Direct Election of Senators

69. Regarding a search warrant, what

is probable causeSufficient reason to believe a crime has been committed or

will be

70. Define double jeopardy

Being tried for the same crime

71. Define bail

$ needed to release a person until trial can be

held

72. Amendment that allows for

election of Pres. & VP as a ticket

12

73. 13th amendment

Freed the slaves

74. Women’s suffrage came in

which amendment

19

75. 23rd amendment

3 electoral votes to

Washington D.C.

76. 26th amendment is called

“Vietnam War Amendment”

becauseGave 18 yr.

Olds the right to vote

77. The chief executive of the U.S.

The President

78. The executive branch

enforces

79. The legislative branch

makes

80. The judicial branch

interprets

81. Qualifications for President35 yrs. Old

14 yr. ResidentNatural-born

citizen

82. How many terms or years can a

president serve?

2, 10

83. If the president dies or leaves office,

who follows?VP

Speaker of the House

84. List powers of the President

Just know he can’t declare

war

85. Define executive agreement

Pact between Pres. & head of another country

86. Define pocket veto

Pres. Does nothing with less than 10

days left in session of Congress

87. President’s advisors make up his

Cabinet

88. If there is not an electoral vote majority, who chooses the president?

House of Representatives

89. Define executive order

Rule issued by Pres. With

effect of law

90. A quorum is

majority

91. Presiding officer of the House

Speaker of the House

92. Define statutes

A written law

93. Define bicameral

2 House

94. Who approves Presidential treaties and by what vote?

Senate 2/3

95. Define conference committee

Makes a bill acceptable to both Houses of Congress

96. Define pigeonhole

To kill a bill in committee

97. Can the Pres. Call special sessions of Congress?

Yes

98. Purpose of Congressional Committees

Screen massive # of Bills

99. Define filibuster

Talk to stall action on a bill

100. President impeached but not

convicted

Andrew Johnson

101. Each states electoral votes is

equal to the number of

Senators & Representatives

102. Congress may override the

President’s veto with what vote?

2/3

103. Define impeach

Charge public official

104. Which age group of voters has

the poorest turnout at the polls?

18-24 year olds

105. When are National Party

Conventions held?

Summer of election year

106. What is their purpose?

Nominate Pres. & VP

candidates

107. How many electoral votes are

needed to be elected Pres.?

270

108. Define incumbent

Person already holding in office

109. In Illinois, senators are chosen from ___ legislative

districts & reps. from ___ representative

districts.

59

118

110. In Illinois, senators serve ______

year terms, representatives serve

___ year terms.

2 or 4

2

111. Where does a bill go if the Governor

vetoes?

Original House

112. Line of succession if

governor dies.

Lt. Governor

113. How many counties does Illinois

have?

102

114. When are state officials chosen?

General Election

115. State animal, bird, flower, dance.

White tail deerCardinalViolet

Square Dance

116. 10th Amendment

Powers reserved to the

states

117. Which law is supreme? Federal or

State?

Federal

118. How many articles are in the

Constitution?

7

119. Define Patent

Protection for an invention

120. Define Federalism

dividing power between state &

national gov’t

121. Define Naturalization

Process of becoming a citizen

122. Only court created in the Constitution

Supreme

123. Who nominates Supreme Court

Judges?

PresidentConfirms?

Senate

124. How many judges sit on the Supreme Court?

9

125. Term for Supreme Court

Judges?

Life

126. Who decides Supreme Court

Cases?Majority

127. Define Judicial Review

Act of declaring a law

unconstitutional

128. Which case did Judicial Review Start

with?

Marbury v. Madison

129. 3 Levels of Federal Court System

DistrictAppellateSupreme

130. Who set up the court of appeals?

Congress

131. Define precedent

decision made by a judge in a

previous & similar case

132. 2 Sides in Justice System

DefenseProsecution /

Plaintiff

133. Define ex post facto law

Law that punishes for something not a

crime when committed

134. What is the job of a Grand jury?

Indict a suspect

135. Define Censorship

Stopping written ideas before they

are expressed

136. When are warrants NOT necessary?

When you have probable cause

137. Define exclusionary rule

Forbids illegally gained evidence

from being used in court

138. Example of local trial courts

TrafficJuvenile

139. Appellate court can do what 3 things?

UpholdModify

Reverse

140. 2 Court systems found in the USA

FederalState

141. Cases involving the US gov’t are

heard where?

Federal Courts

142. When can demonstrations be

regulated?

Dangerous tendency/ Clear

and Present Danger

143. Define libel

Knowingly writing false & damaging statements about

someone

144. Define citizen

A person born or naturalized

in the USA

145. Define jus soli

Citizenship by birth

146. Define treason

Betrayal of one’s country

147. Define visa

Permission to enter a country

149. Define expatriate

Person who voluntarily gives up

citizenship

150. Define federalist

Person who favored the Constitution

151. Define prohibition

Period where alcohol was

illegal

153. Term of office for senators

6 years

154. Define original jurisdiction

Court handles case for the

first time

156. Define appropriate

To provide funds

157. Define sponsor

Congressman who drafts &

introduces a bill

159. Define gerrymandering

Redraw voting districts to favor party in power

161. Define constituent

Person represented by a member of

Congress

162. The congressional

schedule is called the...

Calendar

163. Define rider

Unrelated item added to a bill

164. Define impoundment

To stop appropriations

165. Define item veto

Power to reject a portion of a

bill

166. Define cloture

To end debate filibuster

167. Define compromise

Both sides agree to give

up part of their demands

168. What is suffrage?

Right to vote

169. What are natural rights?

LifeLiberty

Property

170. What are concurrent powers?

Powers shared by federal & state gov’ts

171. What was the House of Burgesses?

1st Representative Assembly in

America

172. Define lame duck

Person who is defeated, but still in office

173. Define veto

To reject a bill

174. In habeus corpus, does the

accused have to be brought before a

judge?Yes

175. Which gov’t agency handles chief

law enforcement duties?

Department of Justice

176. Role of attorney general

Provide legal advice to the

President

GOOD GOOD LUCK!LUCK!