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BL 8103
STUDY FOLDER Nadia Mahbub
CLASS NOTES
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BL8103
In- Class Activity Nadia Mahbub
Tangin [Pick the date]
BL8103 In –Class Activity/ Student Name: Nadia Mahbub
BL 8103
HOME WORK Nadia Mahbub
BEFORE MID TERM
HOME WORK:
QUESTION: Water appears on the ceiling of a cold room in a house.
i. Why
ii. What is the consequence
iii. How to resolve the problem
ANSWER:
i. Moisture problem
ii. It is the perfect passage of radon gas; cause the mould problem.
iii. Sealing the sump pump; maintain the cold room temperature 18° C with RH 30%.
QUESTION: What is fan coil unit?
Fan coil unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil and fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. QUESTION: AIR SIDE EQUIPMENT
ANSWER: AIR SIDE EQUIPMENT
Air conditioning in hotels and apartments in special process, cooling at factories or at a broad
spectrum of options for conditioning interior spaces, including temperature and humidity
control, deodorization, and air purification; air side equipment is required. Some famous
brands:
DAIKIN ADVANTAGE
Shopping Center
Daikin’s air side products provide total air comfort solutions to create a pleasant environment
for those shopping with their families and meeting friends.
Clean Room
A variety of options are offered to meet demands for the special air environments required at
healthcare and research facilities, including those demands for temperature, humidity, and air
purification.
Retail Store
With ceiling-suspended installations, the need for equipment rooms is eliminated, and the floor
area can be more effectively.
Cutaway Drawing of Air Handling Unit
SOURCE:
http://www.daikin.com/products/ac/lineup/ahu_fcu/index.html
HOME WORK: 1
Figure out how a window type air conditioner with heat pump work.
ANSWER: The evaporator acts like a cooling coil in summer time; air flows over that gets cooled and supplied in the room with cooling effect. The heat absorbed from the room by the air is driven to exterior through condenser; that is how a normal window type air conditioner works.
In extreme weather conditions; winters are very cold and summers are too hot. In such climates, window type air conditioner can be used for cooling purpose in summer time and heating purpose in winter time. When a window type air conditioner is used as heater in winter time, called a heat pump.
Window type AC can be used as the Heat Pump
A window type air conditioner has four important parts as heat exchanger; apart from compressor and expansion valve other two are - condenser and the evaporator. These two parts are designed with number of turns with copper tubing and covered with fins to increase the heat transfer rate. Evaporator is located inside the room and condenser is located outside the room into the exposed external atmosphere.
Summer time evaporator acts as the cooling coil; air flows over it and gets cooled then supplied to the room with cooling effect; for using the window type AC as heat pump in winter time we need to change the direction of the flow the refrigerant by changing the position of the valve. Or this opposite position, condenser and the evaporator also gets reversed; condenser becomes evaporator and evaporator becomes condenser .The machine then turns to heat pump. Here, condenser is located inside of the room and evaporator being located outside of the room. Refrigerant inside the evaporator, as located outside absorbs heat from the atmosphere. Later on it penetrates inside the room through condenser. That is how, the same coil producing cooling effect in the summer time and heating effect in winter time.Reference and Image Source
1) Book: Basic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by P. N. Ananthanarayan, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited, Second Edition, page no. 214.
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/55316-window-air-conditioner-used-as-the-heat-pump/
HOME WORK: 2
ANSWER:
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
42/38KCEG09A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
·1 HP
·9,000 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG12A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
·1.5 HP
·11,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG18A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
·2 HP
·18,000 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG22A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
·2.5 HP
·21,500 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG24A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only)
·3 HP
·23,500 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
Click to view Other Products
Wall Mounted Split Type (Slim Type)
42/38KCEG07LA-1
Wall Mounted Split Type (Slim Type)
•Cooling only
•3/4 HP
•7,200 BTU / h
•Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG09LA-1
Wall Mounted Split Type (Slim Type)
•Cooling only
•1 HP
•9,200 BTU / h
•Energy Label Grade 1
42/38KCEG12LA-1
Wall Mounted Split Type (Slim Type)
•Cooling only
•1.5 HP
•11,900 BTU / h
•Energy Label Grade 1
Click to view Other Products
Wall Mounted Split Type (Heat Pump)
42/38QCEF28A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Heat Pump)
·3.5 HP
·Cooling: 27,500 BTU / h
·Heating: 28,000 BTU / h
42/38QCEC27A
Wall Mounted Split Type (Heat Pump)
·3.5 HP
·Cooling: 27,000 BTU / h
·Heating: 28,600 BTU / h
Click to view Other Products
Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
42/38QCEG09V
Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·1 HP
·Cooling: 8,800 BTU / h
·Heating: 9,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38QCEG12V
Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·1.5 HP
·Cooling: 11,800 BTU / h
·Heating: 12,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38QCEG18V
Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·2 HP
·Cooling: 17,300 BTU / h
·Heating: 18,300 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42/38QCEG22V
Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·2.5 HP
·Cooling: 20,800 BTU / h
·Heating: 21,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
Click to view Other Products
Wall Mounted Multi Split Type (Cooling Only)
42KCEGM09A x 2 / 38KCEGM18A
Wall Mounted Multi Split Type (Cooling Only)
·One-Two Split Type
·One Unit: 9,000 BTU / h
·Two Units: 9,000 + 9,000 BTU / h
42KCEGM09A + 42KCEGM12A / 38KCEGM21A
Wall Mounted Multi Split Type (Cooling Only)
GG·One-Two Split Type
·One Unit: 9,000 / 12,000 BTU / h
·Two Units: 9,000 + 12,000 BTU / h
Click to view Other Products
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
42KCEGM09V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·1 HP
·9,200 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42KCEGM12V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·1.5 HP
·11,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42KCEGM18V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·2 HP
·18,300 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
38KCEGM18V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·Two Split Type
·21,500 (9,000 - 22,500) BTU / h
38KCEGM21V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·Three Split Type
·25,900 (16,900 - 25,900) BTU / h
38KCEGM27V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·Three Split Type
·32,100 (22,500 - 32,100) BTU / h
38KCEGM36V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Cooling Only)
·Four Split Type
·32,100 (22,500 - 32,100) BTU / h
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
42QCEGM09V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·1 HP
·Cooling: 9,200 BTU / h
·Heating: 10,000 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42QCEGM12V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·1.5 HP
·Cooling: 11,800 BTU / h
·Heating: 12,800 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
42QCEGM18V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·2 HP
·Cooling: 18,300 BTU / h
·Heating: 18,400 BTU / h
·Energy Label Grade 1
38QCEGM18V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·Two Split Type
·Cooling: 21,500 (9,000 - 22,500) BTU / h
·Heating: 22,700 (9,500 - 23,900) BTU / h
38QCEGM21V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·Three Split Type
·Cooling: 25,900 (16,900 - 25,900) BTU / h
·Heating: 27,000 (17,500 - 27,000) BTU / h
38QCEGM27V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·Three Split Type
·Cooling: 32,100 (22,500 - 32,100) BTU / h
·Heating: 35,800 (25,100 - 35,800) BTU / h
38QCEGM36V
Multi Split Inverter Split Type (Heat Pump)
·Four Split Type
·Cooling: 45,700 (32,000 - 47,100) BTU / h
·Heating: 47,400 (33,200 - 49,100) BTU / h
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only / For Sale In Macau Only)
42/38KCEL09M
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only / For Sale In Macau Only)
·1 HP
·9,000 BTU / h
42/38KCEL12M
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only / For Sale In Macau Only)
·1.5 HP
·12,000 BTU / h
42/38KCEL18M
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only / For Sale In Macau Only)
·2 HP
·17,500 BTU / h
42/38KCEL22M
Wall Mounted Split Type (Cooling Only / For Sale In Macau Only)
·2.5 HP
·22,000 BTU / h
Source: http://www.century-carrier.com/english/enTypeListWeb.do?speciesId=24
HOME WORK: 3
1. QUESTION: Definition of
COP
SEER
COP means Coefficient of Performance.
Ratio of work or useful output to the amount of work or energy input, used generally as
a measure of the energy-efficiency of air conditioners, space heaters and other cooling and
heating devices. COP equals heat delivered (output) in British thermal units (Btu) per hour
divided by the heat equivalent of the electric energy input (one watt = 3.413 Btu/hour) or,
alternatively, energy efficiency ratio divided by 3.413. Higher the COP; higher gets
the efficiency of the equipment.
Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/coefficient-of-performance-COP.html
SEER
SEER means Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. It is the measure of efficiency by which the cooling process of air conditioners and heat pumps is rated. The higher the SEER number, the greater will be the efficiency and therefore the greater the energy savings.
Source: https://www.google.ca/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=what+is+SEER
2. Type of compressor used in HVAC equipment according power range, efficiency, cost,
acceptability- explain.
http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-
conditioner-compressor.html
Compressor compresses the vapor into a smaller volume at high temperature; the external-drive compressor contains a crankshaft inside which drives by a pulley and a belt system. Alternately, an electric motor can also be used to drive the compressor directly.
There are basically 5 types of compressor commonly used in HVAC system:
Reciprocating Scroll Screw Rotary Centrifugal Centrifugal
Reciprocating Air Conditioner Compressor
Reciprocating compressor use a piston to compress the refrigerant driven by a crankshaft straight line back and forth. The rotary motion is achieved through electric motor; its construction is quite similar to an automobile engine.
Piston in the compressor moves up and down inside a cylinder and vapor from suction line moves through the intake valve as the piston moves downward; as piston moves upward-compresses the vapor refrigerant, which pushed afterward through exhaust valve into the condenser.
Compressor may consists of more than one cylinder; known as multi cylinder compressor. Common ones: two-cylinder, four-cylinder and eight-cylinder compressors.
Scroll
Scroll compressor consists of one fixed scroll that remains stationary and another scroll one moves or rotates through the use of swing link. In this situation; pockets of refrigerant between two scrolls slowly pushed, to cause reduction of the volume of gas. Lately; discharged by the center port to the condenser.
Advantage of this type of compressor; fewer moving parts and less torque variation compared with reciprocating compressor. This leads to a smooth and quiet operation. It is known as scroll pump or scroll vacuum pump as well.
Screw
Screw compressors have a pair of helical rotors; traps and compresses the gas as the rotors revolve in the cylinder. In HVAC system, generally used the 20 ton capacity and above. There are work divisions; male rotor - female rotor and are built inside the cylinder. Low pressure refrigerant enters through one end of compressor and resultant high pressure refrigerant than discharged into the opposite end to condenser.
Rotary
Rotary compressor are divided in two types; one type has blades or vanes which rotate with the shaft and other type with blade which remains stationary, become part of the compressor housing assembly. In both types, from the suction line vapor is drawn into cylinder by the suction port. When blades rotate; trapped vapor into the space is compressed in high pressure gas then discharged to the condenser by the exhaust port. Here, in rotary the number of blades can vary within two to eight for a single system.
Centrifugal
Centrifugal compressor generally used for large capacity refrigerating system; here the vapor moves in a circular motion known as centrifugal force. Impeller; a disk with radial blades spins rapidly inside system and that cause gas gain velocity. The diffuser converts present energy to pressure energy and discharged into condenser. The pumping efficiency increases with the speed. This type of compressors designed to rotate in high speed.
Advantage of centrifugal compressor without: valves, pistons or cylinders. The main wearing parts need attention; main bearings.
Source: http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-conditioner-compressor.html
HOME WORK: 4
Refrigeration based heat recovery unit diagram.
ANSWER:
Heat recovery system diagram Components:
1 compressor, connected to
main tank, with adapter
1 compressor, pre-heat tank with
adapter
1 compressor, pre-heat tank,
plumbed
2 compressors & pre-heat
tank with adapter
1 compressor, connected to main
tank, plumbed
2 compressors & pre-heat tank,
plumbed
The diagram below shows a standard refrigeration system and how Hot Spot heat recovery
equipment (Heat Recovery Unit or HRU) is connected. The refrigeration cycle will be applicable
to cooler, freezer, ice maker or air conditioner.
Note:
Red dots represent hot high pressure refrigerant gas.
Solid red represents warm high-pressure refrigerant liquid.
Blue dots represent warm low pressure refrigerant gas
Solid blue represents cold low pressure refrigerant liquid.
Hot Spot connects at the hottest point, next to the compressor discharge.
Source:
http://www.hotspotenergy.com/heat-recovery-system-diagrams/
HOME WORK: 5
How to create an ERV/ HRV in a home with fan coil unit (FCU) ?
ANSWER:
Designing a ERV/HRV for multi-unit high rise building ; it will have high operating times, and should
therefore be energy efficient. To get manufacturers to take on new approaches, applied research
was carried out.
MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS:
Higher wind and stack pressures in high rise building
The value of space in high rise building is relatively high, so that it should have a minimum
footprint.
Provide base ventilation for each unit; it will have high operating times and energy efficient.
The major challenges is to select air-moving devices for ventilation flows that work
satisfactorily in the high-rise environment.
The proposed ventilating system is similar to the vertical fan-coil type, usually composed of
a fan for circulation of air,
a heating and/or cooling coil for space conditioning,
air filter, and associated controls installed in a cabinet
a ducted supply air system
a heat recovery heat exchanger and provision for movement of exhaust air and outdoor
supply air.
Source: www.polytechnicscanada.ca
Two basic strategies can be followed; one involved designing the unit so that both the ventilation
fans and circulation fan could be run from a single drive motor and that will allow use of more
sophisticated drive. An ECM (electronically commutated motor can save the energy and reduce
overall cost. The second strategy is using an individual motor for each fan to improve flexibility.
Source: www.polytechnicscanada.ca
Prototype ventilation modules and the circulation module will be a possibility for achieving the goal
for the high rise rsidential units individually.
From my own understanding and following the class note ; provided diargram will
work as well for the high rise rsidential units individually.
HOME WORK: 6
Water - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity
Viscosity of water at temperatures ranging 0 - 100 oC (32 - 212
oF) -
in Imperial and SI Units
Temperature
- t -
(oF)
Dynamic Viscosity
- µ -
(lbf s/ft2) x 10
-5
Kinematic Viscosity
- ν -
(ft2/s) x 10
-5
32 3.732 1.924
40 3.228 1.664
50 2.730 1.407
60 2.344 1.210
70 2.034 1.052
80 1.791 0.926
Temperature
- t -
(oF)
Dynamic Viscosity
- µ -
(lbf s/ft2) x 10
-5
Kinematic Viscosity
- ν -
(ft2/s) x 10
-5
90 1.580 0.823
100 1.423 0.738
120 1.164 0.607
140 0.974 0.511
160 0.832 0.439
180 0.721 0.383
200 0.634 0.339
212 0.589 0.317
Dynamic (Absolute) and Kinematic Viscosity of Water - SI Units
Temperature
- t -
(oC)
Dynamic Viscosity
- µ -
(Pa s, N s/m2) x 10
-3
Kinematic Viscosity
- ν -
(m2/s) x 10
-6
0 1.787 1.787
5 1.519 1.519
10 1.307 1.307
20 1.002 1.004
30 0.798 0.801
40 0.653 0.658
50 0.547 0.553
60 0.467 0.475
Temperature
- t -
(oC)
Dynamic Viscosity
- µ -
(Pa s, N s/m2) x 10
-3
Kinematic Viscosity
- ν -
(m2/s) x 10
-6
70 0.404 0.413
80 0.355 0.365
90 0.315 0.326
100 0.282 0.29
SOURCE:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-dynamic-kinematic-viscosity-d_596.html
HOME WORK: 7
Create a list of absolute roughness.
ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS OF PIPE MATERIAL
Absolute roughness is a measure of the surface roughness of a material which a fluid may flow over. Absolute roughness is important when calculating pressure drop particularly in the turbulent flow regime. This article provides some typical absolute roughness values for common conduit materials.
The roughness of pipes, ducts and channels impacts on the flow rates andpressure losses for fluids passing through them. This roughness is generally expressed in units of length as the absolute roughness of the conduit material. For use in calculating the friction factor the absolute roughness is divided by the pipe diameter resulting in the relative roughness.
This table contains typical values of absolute roughness for common construction materials.
Material Roughness (mm)
Drawn Tubing, Glass, Plastic 0.0015-0.01
Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0.0015-0.01
Flexible Rubber Tubing - Smooth 0.006-0.07
Flexible Rubber Tubing - Wire Reinforced 0.3-4
Stainless Steel 0.03
Wrought Iron (New) 0.045
Carbon Steel (New) 0.02-0.05
Carbon Steel (Slightly Corroded) 0.05-0.15
Carbon Steel (Moderately Corroded) 0.15-1
Carbon Steel (Badly Corroded) 1-3
Carbon Steel (Cement-lined) 1.5
Asphalted Cast Iron 0.1-1
Cast Iron (new) 0.25
Cast Iron (old, sandblasted) 1
Sheet Metal Ducts (with smooth joints) 0.02-0.1
Galvanized Iron 0.025-0.15
Wood Stave 0.18-0.91
Wood Stave, used 0.25-1
Smooth Cement 0.5
Concrete – Very Smooth 0.025-0.2
Concrete – Fine (Floated, Brushed) 0.2-0.8
Concrete – Rough, Form Marks 0.8-3
Riveted Steel 0.91-9.1
Water Mains with Tuberculations 1.2
Brickwork, Mature Foul Sewers 3