I arrived in Melbourne from Singapore on February 2014. I graduated from Singapore Polytechnic with Diploma in Architecture. My interest in architecture grew when I took Design and Technology in my secondary education. Entering the working field at SC3 Design + Architects and P&T Consultants Pte Ltd, made me realised that there are more things that I need to learn. I believe University of Melbourne would grant the learning experience I yearn for.

Currently, I am in Bachelor of Environments, majoring in Architecture. I receive an advance standing of two years from University of Melbourne, thus I am currently in my 3rd year. Ever since I was young, I had developed the imaginative skill in designing my own house. I am keen in this career path despite the amount of time you have to commit in this career.

Readings We learn about sustainability and ethics. Algorithmic The basic objective of this exercise is to understand how to use rhino and grasshopper.

Sustainability aims to suggest a more materially grounded objective and agency. It is important that everyone decide on what type of environment they want to live in so that they could live in the environment that they want to the fullest. The realisation of the perfect environment is tough however it is a good start to take into consideration of the environment. Sustainability is taking away our ability to design and be flexible and be creative in our creations. Architects find it hard to work in the domains of democratic design while ignoring over the problem of dysfunctional binary. Design intelligence is part of the process of having a successful qualities of the form and content of the designed environment. Architects need to make crucial decisions and judgements based on the future potential of the environment. In this modern era, it is easier for architecture students and architects to understand and visualise building with materials due to the highly inclined technology. This is an advantage as we could take into consideration of the specification and expression of a particular material in the building without having to build it in real life. It is easier to control as everything could be done in a software. Modernist find it hard to connect certain element to sustainability as they are more concern with how the building will look like in comparison to how the building is sustainable.

The use of linear pedestrian profile from the site, Zaha Hadid extract the profile and form in into an organic form whereby it turns into an organism that sprout network of successive networks. This form has been thought fully in relation to the site context. “As it winds through the site, the architecture increases in complexity, building up height and depth and achieving multiple summits in the bodies housing the performance spaces, which spring from the structure like fruits on a vine and face westward, toward the water.” - Zaha Hadid This building is derived from a set of organizational systems and growth in the natural world. It symbolises the movements in an urban fabric along the central axis of the pedestrian corridor and the cultural centre’s

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seafront promenade where it intersects. The design is formed by a biological analogy such as branches, stems, fruits and leaves Which then abstract diagrams into architectonic design. In my opinion, this is a good example in relation to sustainability in architecture. The use of organic structures reminds people to constantly be aware of the environment. Apart from that, Zaha Hadid made it obvious in making the building sustainable in such a way that she uses greeneries that could grow with the building. This then creates a connection to the natural environment. The use of large windows, skylights and voids also allows natural lighting to enter which then saves more electricity on lighting during the day.

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The emphasis on the large amount of windows use and the use of large sized window show how modernism is thought through throughout the design process. There are also no ornamentation in this building which shows how modernism comes to play. The sense of clarity and simplicity is one of the main factors in modern architecture. The use of pure concrete and steel throughout the building then dominates the who entire design in its modernism. This building shows how much thought she puts in taking into consideration of the site context. Apart from that she place a lot of thoughts into the landscaping design of this building. I would have to disagree on Fry’s argument on the strict boundary we have on designing when we uses technology to design a building. I believe that the basic use of hand drawing and concepts are very important in the beginning stage of the design process. However the use of technology is also important at the later stage as looking at the design in 3D actually allows students and architects to have a better overview of how the building will look like. In conclusion, the material shows modernism. The use of greenery as well as the visual connection to nature shows how she take into consideration of the relationship between humans and nature.

The use of massive timber structures touches on how conservative they are in the choice of material. No doubt that the architect could’ve used a better choice of material however the thought of using timber shows the sustainability of the structure. It has a unique role in which it is an urban space within the dense fabric of the medieval inner city of Seville. It allows variety of activities such as memory, leisure and commerce. This is a highly developed infrastructure which helps to activate the square. It is definitely an attractive destination for tourist as well as the locals. In my opinion, this is a good example in relation to sustainability in architecture. The use of massive timber instead of a typical steel or concrete structure. The form as well as the design also allows wind and natural lighting to go through to the pedestrian walkway of the structure.

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Readings We learn about digital architecture, computational design as well as computerisation design. Algorithmic To explore the use of rhino and grasshopper using different elements such as piping.

Design computation is basically how you bring ideas into reality which in this case is very important in our everyday life. In design computation, you learn to conceptualise, problem solving and judge on various solution. It is easier to put our ideas into computers. It is also easier to spot any mistakes in our computing as there are certain things that the computer are not designed to do. There are limits whereby some softwares are unable to design in the way you want it be when you have the image in your mind. It is particularly obvious that computing is inflexible. Architecture became a profession when Leon Batista Alberti introduce the technical utilitarianism on gothic architecture. This then leads to the renaissance holistic approach whereby architects came out with a floor plan, elevation, section, technical drawings, scale drawing, modelling as well as details. Architecture is known as a profession than a craft. However, practitioners are well respected in the society. Problem analysis, solution synthesise, evaluation and communication are the four factors that are important to the design process of a successful architectural building. Concepts are the basic need in the process of this design. Computing affect the design process as there are certain errors that humans might not have pick up but it is easily detected by the system. Our design could look logical on a piece of paper but it might not be on a computer screen. An architect’s innovation and design ideas do not get affected if they use the traditional way of designing which is by paper and pen. Computation will only be beneficial when one has to have a logical explanation on how the building works. In conclusion, computation is the process where the design is already done before it is translated digitally. Computerisation is a process where digital technology is used from the start of the project.

This is one of the computerised representation techniques that expresses and architectonic ideas. Victor’s main aim to provide this world with something fresh and distinct. His designs do not entirely have to be funny or crazy but just different. His beliefs in the power of creativity in people are the basis of his life choices reminding them that this world can be formulated a thousand times in a single day. This idea is a computerization process as Victor has an idea, concepts, design intentions as well as sketches of how he toggle with a particular building. Which then leads to the computing part whereby he use softwares to digitalised it and also to show how it would actually look like in 3D.

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In my opinion, his works are very impressive in terms of how he manage to create the 3D model with his initial design intent. It is interesting that he does it only to prove his concepts and ideas.

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The design of the building is to have a large complex with different functions and circulations with an extreme low-rise typology. Apart from that, they are trying to re-address Chinese architectural traditions. The use of contemporary and advance structural as well as the material envisioned the Chinese sensibility into a technology computerised design and construction process. This idea is a computational process due to the process of work that they did. They have their concepts and design intentions ready for a design. They automatically use a software computing to create a form based on the site context. In my onion, it is interesting how they design a building in such a way that they decided to create a modern building which includes a traditional Chinese architectural design. The use of the materials are also part of modernism.

Readings We learn about the difference between composition and generation. Algorithmic To explore the use of rhino and grasshopper using different elements such as sphering different sizes on a similar curvature.

Composition is the process of designing is controlled by the designer when a design is generated in the software. Generation is the process of designing whereby the data is place in the software and a design is generated based on the data provided. Algorithm is a set of rules for solving a problem in a finite number of steps, as for finding the greatest common divisor. Projects with composition are generally control due to the façade or because the designer want to create a specific modular. When the data is generated on a software, the design achieved would be an algorithmic design that is duplicated geometrically. The problem with this form is that you’re limited in your design possibilities. Computerisation utilised computers to the document the design process while computation generates ideas through a software technology. The generation of computational ideas have emerge in the form of algorithms, parametric modelling and scripting. I believe computation is very useful when handling a project like our design competition.

This wall was designed with a modernism concept in mind. The form of the angled panel structure was designed to create a more dynamic sculpture than a conventional wall with the intention of separating the spaces. Apart from that, they made it interactive by creating a seating structure. This wall has been a consistent expressive element within the history of gardening which then turn into a computational design. It is a great example as this algorithmic duplication is controlled panel by panel to create a connected overall landscape. This show how the designer control the algorithmic element in the design. h

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Michael Hansmeyer is an architect who explore the use of algorithms and computation to generate architectural structures. He has created an algorithm that explores how subdivision can define and embellish the column order with an elaborate system of ornamentation. This is one of the examples of generation processes. The use of a software to generate a particular algorithm in the design. It is interesting how every column is design in a way that it turns out different due to the data inserted in the programing. In my opinion, these columns create a very interesting façade however many students, as assumed, are very particular about modernism in a building. However I still find that the columns hold a beautiful ornament around them.

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Architecture has no specific meaning or terms for it. It has a very wide discipline that it could be described as anything as architects learn everything including structural engineering studies, geotechnical surveyor, quantity surveyor and many more. Just like the terms sustainability, computation, computerisation, composition, generation, algorithmic and many more. All of the words above has their own meaning to it thus it is interesting that students could differentiate what is the difference between all of the terms above. It is particularly obvious when one building is design in a certain way after learning the different types of terms and technology used. The main research for Land Art Generator competition was to focus on the wave, wind and human activation.

The above image is how we use the movement of the wave to collect energy which would then be reused in the future. With this capability, it is interesting if it could be used by humans as well instead of just a technology that generate energy. The idea was to have a similar idea but to have a more stable and firm platform that allows human to walk on it. When we create an interactive element, more human will walk on it which then allows more movement. Thus, we do not need to expect the energy collection from the waves alone.

The image on the left is another idea of how wind could be part of the technology that collects energy. The device does not necessarily be of the same design as shown.

In architectural design studio modules, I learn many more things as all the tasks and assignments were the things that I’ve never learn previously. This is the first time I am using Rhino and Grasshopper software. I have learn so much thanks to the tutors that guide me step by step every week. I didn’t expect myself to learn so much. During my time in polytechnic, architectural design studio is an individual project that we design with a specific design brief and location. While I am in University of Melbourne, I definitely have a shock at how different it would be. The readings are very interesting as it is something that I have never think the terms existed. It is rather heavy in terms of the readings, algorithmic task as well as the competition occurring at the same time. Although, I believe this would be expected as we are in a tertiary education stage. Initially, I could not differentiate computerisation, computation, composition and generation. However after discussing with the tutors on the topics above, it is pretty much cleared up. Finally, currently I know how to use a bit of rhino and grasshopper and how to make the basic shapes and elements. This is useful in the near future when our design has an algorithmic element in them.

To draw the first curve and connect the curve to grasshopper.

To draw the second curve beside the first curve. Connect the curve to grasshopper.

To draw the third curve beside the second curve. Connect the curve to grasshopper.

Loft all three curves via grasshopper.

Array all the lofted curves.

Grasshopper.

Draw three circles flat on the X-plane. Drag two of the circles above each other. Draw two curves inside all the circles. Connect the circles and curves on grasshopper.

Loft the circles together. Split one of the internal curve into segments.

Pipe the segments on the lofted circles.

Do the same for the second internal curve.

Final product of the algorithmic task

Grasshopper.

Draw a curve. Array Pollar to create a 360degree circle w the curve. Divide the line into segments.

Place spheres on the segments

Grasshopper.

Change spheres from biggest to smallest.

“Zaha Hadid in Abu Dhabi Update”, De Zeen Magazine http://www.dezeen.com/2007/02/02/zaha-hadid-in-abu-dhabi-update/ [accessed 25 March 2014] “Saadiyat in Abu Dhabi: artistic oasis takes shape amid the dunes”, The Telegraph <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/architecture/6055432/Saadiyat-in-Abu-Dhabi-artistic-oasis-takes-shape-amid-the-dunes.html> [accessed 25 March 2014] “Nabileh El-Assaad Design Representation Studio”, Blogspot <http://nabileharch1390-2012.blogspot.com.au/> [accessed 25 March 2014] “Metropol Parasol by J. Mayer H.”, De Zeen Magazine http://www.dezeen.com/2011/04/26/metropol-parasol-by-j-mayer-h/ [accessed 25 March 2014] “Gallery: Metropol Parasol: The World’s Largest Wooden Structure Opens in Seville”, Inhabitat <http://inhabitat.com/metropol-parasol-the-worlds-largest-wooden-structure-opens-in-seville/metropolparasolalda/> [accessed 26 March] “Metropol Parasol”, J.Mayer.H < http://www.jmayerh.de/19-0-Metropol-Parasol.html> [accessed 26 March] “Victor Enrich Designs Surreal Images of Architecture”, This That New <http://www.thisthatnew.com/victor-enrich-designs-surreal-images-of-architecture/> [accessed 26 March 2014] “Project: Xiyuan Entertainment Complex”, Marjan Colletti <http://marjan-colletti.blogspot.com.au/2009/11/project-xiyuan-entertainment-complex.html> [26 March 2014] “Surface Deep A Indoor Installation as a Transformative Wall”, Evolo http://www.evolo.us/architecture/surface-deep-an-outdoor-installation-as-a-transformative-wall/ [27 March 2014] “Complex Cardboard Columns Through Computational Architecture”, Strictly Paper http://strictlypaper.com/blog/2011/04/complex-cardboard-columns-through-computational-architecture/ [accessed 27 March]

Readings Algorithmic thinking in parametric modelling. Algorithmic The basic objective of this exercise is to make a parametric model.

Human activated by having a walking pathway and a modular system that could cater to human movement. The modular system needs to have the ability to allow wave to flow through at the same time creating a joint that allows human to move without falling off the movable platform.

Human activated by an interactive system whereby the square plates could go up and down as shown on the above picture on the left. The idea is to create movement that could save wave energy. The picture shown on the right has a similar approach but it moves left and right depending on where human stands. Apart from that, the vertical frame around the platform, it creates an interesting outcome whereby it reflects the human form.

Wave energy need to be collected via the movement of the waves. It also have to be floated on top of the water to incorporate human movements as well. Taking into considerations of the highest and lowest water differences throughout the year.

Wind energy needs to be incorporated in the building. Our design intention is to create a panelling system in which there are few sides that will have these features due to the wind direction.

Definition of Tessellation is a flat surface is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes(tiles), no overlaps, no gaps, repeated pattern.

Form of the installation: Computational hanging chain models to refine and adjust the profile lines

Form finding programs Design Intention: The amount the petal dishes, and its size (the petal shrinks in plan) has a unique geometry that needed to be calibrated to fit into the overall form. Each cell behaves in a slightly different manner based on its size, edge conditions, and position relative to the overall form Towards the base and edges: less offset, flatter where they gain density and connect to purely triangulated cells. On the interior and the top: greater offset, and more curvature to create the dimpled effect.

Construction: Use Rhinoscript to instantiate each of the 2,300 petals Digitally modelled the three dimensional petal geometries Unfold each petal for laser cutting Finally, the petals are reconstituted by folding along the curved score lines, and simply zip tied together.

FORM The development of dynamic architectural concepts, digital tools as Grasshopper for Rhino and RhinoScripting, the utilization of sensor technology and dynamic light control in the software, and to work with digital technologies and interactive urban environments on a conceptual level. INSPIRATION The concept mainly focused on drawing attention from the unsafe park, and ensuring the feeling of a safer environment for the visitors. Developed advanced spatial systems for organizing and articulating new social complexities, and at utilizing and adapting different advanced digital design methods for exploring various principles of form generation and advanced production.

CONSTRUCTION The surface is then dissected into 32 vertical and 4 horizontal struts by using Grasshopper to define a structural waffle-system. The system allowed us to connect the different struts, by merely sliding them into each other – the size of the gaps in the struts and the character of the MDF, meant that they interlocked and were kept fixed. With the CNC-milling machines’ material dimension limitations of 2,4×1,2 meters, and with some of the struts reaching lengths of 6,5 meters – the individual struts had to be dissected into shorter fragments. A puzzle-joint made in Grasshopper was inserted between these fragments. To ensure static stability, metal-plates were bolted and screwed around the joint itself.

Basic form

Waffle structure

Interlocked

Divided equally

Basic form

Interlocked

Panels

Rotation of panels

Panels

Rotation of panels

The first few steps of getting a form is to design a curve from rhino. While using grasshopper, the drawn curve into a curve component. The curve would then need to be lofted. The surface then needs to be divided to create a waffle system. Then interlocked the model horizontally and vertically. Inserting of panelling then begin. To split the square into pieces. Using the number slide to rotate and toggle the direction to create a rotating panel.

DESIGN CRITERIA: 1. Safety for viewing public and for educational activities that may occur on site

2. Constructible, Manipulatable, Changeable (with different combination using the basic principles) and expandable (can be unrolled and incorporate preferences materials) OR Abides by basic tessellation principles 3. able to Integrate a renewable energy technology (wave, tidal and wind, filter for water)→thickness of small

components AND ability to Collect and continuously distribute clean energy to a grid connection point to be supplied by the city 4. Walkable with opening on top AND Aesthetically Pleasing: eye catching, visually interesting

The use of only square grids do not allow movement diagonally thus we created a triangular grid to allow better movement. Create panelling that could create and up and down motion when someone walk on it. This is to create a system that could be used for wave energy collection as well as to create an interactive space for humans. This panel could also be used for education purposes in terms of how this system has multiple use. Taking into consideration of the material and density of the product. This system needs to be able to stay on top of the water.

From the matrices that we have created, it has more irregular pattern on the design thus we decide to create a trapezium shape to see if it is working similarly to the previous design.

The overall picture of how this panel would work as a whole. The interlocking joints would need to be connected to the central circular piece (in dotted) to prevent the other joints from getting disconnected and break apart.

This is an interlocking joint between two floor panel. It has to be able to piece with each other perfectly. Once it is piece together, it needs to be able to stay connected thus the use of a horizontal join through the interlocking system. The horizontal join then needs to be extended over to a central circular piece that would keep it connected to other horizontal pieces.

This is how the central circular piece suppose to be connected between the floor panel as well as the sea bed. There needs to be a spring connected underneath the floor panel to create up and down movement throughout the human activated floor panels. This would then allow movement on the wave underneath the floor panel.

3D prototype of the central connection. Spring included to provide the control movement of the floor panels.

Connection of all the floor panel joins. Interlocking joints as well as central joint to connect to the circular central joins.

Test: • Model incapable of standing without tilting to the side • Top fins are too big which cause main structure to tilt

Tilting

Test: • Unable to withstand extra weight on it – still tilting • Top fins are too big which cause main structure to tilt

Not as strong

Adding more vertical support to make it stronger

Cross Rib

Test: • Unable to withstand extra weight on it – still tilting • Cross rib bracing works better than without cross rib

Bending (not strong to hold the structure)

T column used for better support

Lap joint is described as a complex family of connections that extend the apparent length of the connected timbers. Lap joint overlaps halved members with transverse connectors transferring the tension force in one member to the next, through single shear forces. The available strength of these simple lap joints is immutably limited to less than half the gross tension capacity of the members. The net section of the lapped portion is only half of the gross.

Lap joint will be used in the final form of the model. Due to the curve structure that we are making, each lap joint differs from the rest to create a curve structure. Timber material will be used in the final structure form as it is natural. It is safe to handle and touch, it does not break down into environmentally damaging materials.

Timber is made from carbon to convert the wood into trees which then reduce the amount of greenhouse effect in the structure. It is a natural insulator and can reduce energy needs. Timber is versatile and can be used in a wide variety of ways. Being light, it is easily installed and can be worked with simple equipment.

Joint 01 Joint 02 Joint 03

Since we are having element that forms that is transitioning from rectangle to square to triangle, we are planning to create a wind panel that allows the center piece to rotate according to the wind. It will be situated only at certain portion of the structure. The material of the triangular frame would be made of timber to blend in with the other material of the form. However the turning blade would be made of thin white lightweight steel material to blend in with the structural framing.

Steel is inorganic whereby it will not rot, split or crack. This is a good quality as the wind turbine is going to be moving most of the time. Durability is key. Apart from that, it is easily disassembled for repairs, alterations or relocation. This is also a good advantage point, should there be a need to change if it is broken. Steel is also 100% recyclable to touch on sustainability in the building. Steel also slows down the aging process with less maintenance.

Potential for morphing on a surface for collecting wind energy

Has ability to extend further down for collecting wave energy

Bigger scale: Ability to make the walkable space more interesting with slopes Smaller scale: Module with space for support

Negative space can be converted into shelter if flip over

Overlapping of panels for structural system

Potential for space frame structure and tesselated pattern for human activated walkway

Overlapping of panels for structural system

Has an ability to incorporate wind energy generating devices.

MOVEMENT

CONNECTIVITY = TRANSITION

CHANGE OF DENSITY

LAND

SEA

• Movement (continuous flow) • Transition (land to water, urban to landscape, dense to less dense) • Connectivity between elements

Sun rise from the North-East and sets in the North-West. Wind direction generally flow mostly from the South-West to the North West. Highest sea level would be an increase of 0.1 and the lowest sea level could a decrease of -0.1.

SITE

SUN

Building Site (m2) Maximum Building Height (Distance x 0.8m2)

Maximum Building Volume (m3) Maximum Building Height (m)

Perpendicular & Longitudinal Pedestrian Circulation

Longest Shadow Casting at 06:30am, 14th August

Density of form throughout the site

The density throughout the site needs to have a transition between the land and the water. Thus, following the movement of the surrounding, the density changed from less dense to more dense flowing from land to water.

Human activated mechanism that allows the movement to collect wave energy. The system has the ability to move up and down in response to where someone steps.

This triangular shape would be at a taller height to incorporate wind energy saving device. This would be one of the structural frame that would hold the structure up.

This is a rough sketch of how our wind energy saving device going to look like. It is basically connected to a main structure frame as shown in the above image.

This is the rough sketch of how our structure would look like. An opening to cater for the taxi terminal. At the opposite side of the form also has an opening that cater for future use of boat parking. This form is designed in such a way that it does not have to be demolished due to future changes such as the boat parking. This form shows the density changes from the right to the left. The main reason why the left structure opens up and has a higher height because we are opening the view to the mermaid structure at the other side of the river. This caters for students and visitors for education purposes. Apart from that, we could input the wind panelling system as the wind flows from South-West to North-East. This form has a high advantage of developing to its site context. However, after the presentation with tutors feedback, we realised that this form is too massive and heavy when you were to put it on site. Thus, we take into consideration of the shadow casted by the surrounding buildings as we plan to create a siting place throughout the form. We also decided to tone down the amount of elevated form to minimize the density of the form. We also decided to create an adventurous journey whereby the users could not see the mermaid when they first enter the form. They could only view the surroundings until they reach the last point where it is the view of the mermaid. This journey is a good educational purpose as they explore the surrounding and the main focal attraction. We also want to implement seating areas facing the mermaid to maximise the time spent viewing the mermaid.

The form do not look as massive as it is previously on the site. We tend to control the area on the site depending on the site response that we have gathered. It shows the density changes throughout the site from the surrounding building and towards the water. The form changes from a very organized rectangular panel to an irregular triangular panel as it moves the transition moves toward the water.

The form does not overlaps with the shadow as the form that we are building is suppose to be very interactive with the users. Denmark weather throughout the year is constantly cold. The highest temperature throughout the year is 22degrees. It is particularly logical to create a seating area that is open to the sky. The sun would heat up one’s body despite of the cold temperature.

A

B

A: Human activated walkway panel B: Wind energy generating mechanism

This is one of the openings from the structural element. This opening caters for the taxi terminal that is existing on the site. There are openings on the structural element to allow sunlight to pass through that brightens up the space. It is supposed to heat up the space with the heat from the sun. In this structure, small openings and gaps are being implemented such as slit of openings. This contributes to the element of surprise in the architectural journey.

This is another opening that caters for people who would park their boat. Apart from that reason, the opening is created here due to the expected pedestrian flow within the site. It is also due to the wind. This part needs to be open to allow wind to flow through from the South-West direction.

Draw 3 curves

Loft all 3 lines together on grasshopper

Insert Surface frame on the curve lines

Insert cone into the surface frame

Insert pipe onto each end of the cone

Grasshopper

Bake (Side View)

Bake (Top View)

Draw 2 curves

Divide both lines into pieces

Insert Point Charge

Divide more points on the curve

Insert Field Line

Grasshopper.

Insert Sphere onto divided points

Draw 3 curves

Divide lines into segments

Join all curves

Loft the surface

Bake from grasshopper

Grasshopper

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