Studio Air- Final Design Journal

STUDIO AIR

Timothy Lamb

Architecture Design Studio: AIR ABPL30048

“Studio Air Design Journal”- Submission 1

Timothy Lamb Tutorial: 11 Tutors: Adam Markowitz and Daniel Davis

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Contents

Part A

  Student Introduction

  1- Architecture as Discourse

  2- Computational Architecture

  3- Parametric modeling

  Learning Outcomes/ Algorithmic exploration

  Conclusion

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About Me

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My Name is Timothy Lamb and I am a third year bachelor of Environments student, currently majoring in architecture much like most of the people here.

I really enjoy architecture because of the creative nature there is to designing as well as the somewhat grounded nature of a plausible building that fulfills it’s function.

Starting first Year University I studied the Bachelor of Science and then later changed to Environments in order to pursue a career in Architecture, hence my background is scientific coming into this subject. In terms of past subjects with design I have completed Studio Water, and Designing Environments.

I Have not had much experience with Computerization, as I am still incredibly new to the degree and hope to learn it more thoroughly during this semester. Currently I have experience in sketch up and auto cad and not much else. Hence this Semester I would like to learn how to utilize some other designing software and widen the scope of my abilities.

As well as develop a greater appreciation for parametric design

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ADS WATER- Final Design

Architecture as Discourse

Architecture As Discourse

•  Essentially the discourse is the series of critique that surrounds a project in architecture, For example the idea of “form” in architecture has been discussed and debated in questioning whether a style of a building has to have a sort of meaning to it like a appropriateness or functionality. Is there a Theory to it’s design? Or is it something else

•  As well it can be anything to do with questioning the design process or the finished product. Alongside this is the thought of buildings in relation to a wider context, the possibility that rather than just the finished product fulfilling function but more of a “social and professional practice” [1] of ideas that come together to create something that is both useable and relates to the context and value. Therefore the case for innovation is a curious argument because of different industry and audience.

•  The other questions that arise ask what do these projects do to contribute to the wider society? or even the ideas of processing and the patterns of life.

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•  In order to demonstrate these design intentions, is it better to use computer generated thinking or the classic pen to paper and drawing shapes. Computational design is very quickly becoming the biggest shift in architecture. Hence there are those that are for this change and some against it.

•  The thought that computational design is better than sketch ideas is the new outlook, because of the sheer processing power it has, butt there are critics that see this different. For example in the reading by Richard Williams on visual culture, he discusses how architecture contains “symbolic value and this means there is a more expanded view of architecture because of this” [2]. The ideas questions the barrier between computer design and whether this makes design devoid of creativity or symbolism and that sketching is the only real way. Hence architecture can be created in several ways however the way that is chosen can change the outcome, and coming back to architecture as discourse this also relates because the design process can be critiqued in the use of computers or other means.

•  Therefore these next few examples have great theories behind them in terms of “Symbolic Values” and the way that spatial journeys and experience are at the forefront of designing new buildings. These buildings are not necessarily Computerized design, but demonstrate characteristics of planning and style.

HENCE THE WYNDHAM PROJECT WOULD BENEFIT FROM RESEARCHING DISCOURSE IN ORDER TO CREATE MEANING OR EVEN INFLUENCES FROM THE CITY ITSELF.

Precedent [1]: Casa De Musica (Oporto, Portugal) - By Rem Koolhaas

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Fig 1

Fig 2

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This somewhat interesting building from the mind of Rem Koolhaas, has a great journey of exploration behind it. As of now still a concert hall, it contains large monumental halls and the piercing natural light from skillfully placed windows, it is truly a unique space.

As a usual Koolhaas statement the context doesn’t matter hence, despite the building bordering between the residential district and the industrial district, being a true modern building it does not really fit into either side of the city, however because of this it stands out. This is timeless piece because of the way it sticks out in it’s context.

The theories used to create such buildings are intriguing because the design process may be somewhat a mystery, but it is because of this that the end product is also a mystery from the presentation of the architect. Therefore the overall perception of the building is mostly intrigue because of it’s strange shape and monumentality, the exact reason for the choices of form and experience are hard to determine.

Precedent [1]: Casa De Musica (Oporto, Portugal) - By Rem Koolhaas

The Building would be considered more or less a experimental modernist style, in the sense that the shapes are too interesting to be confined to a style, but more of its own. It is uncertain whether this has been designed through the computer or using traditional methods of design, but depending on either regardless the end result shows that same finesse of any project.

Critics may dislike the shape and the overall experience, but this is what separates it from the rest.

Therefore this building is truly a unique piece, by the way that it relates not so much to context and the way that experiences are created through interesting design theory.

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Precedent [2]: The Bibliotheca of Alexandria (Alexandria, Egypt) - By Collaboration of international firms

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Precedent [2]: The Bibliotheca of Alexandria (Alexandria, Egypt) - By Collaboration of international firms

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The bibliotheca in Alexandria has always been a hub of Egypt for international knowledge and affairs, ever since the ancient original Alexandria bibliotheca was in use until it’s demise by fire.

The new building was built by a group of international architects and meant to reflect the grandeur of the original. The context of the library is on the coast of Alexandria, it is modern architecture in the heart of old Egypt, this choice of modernity was to make it suitable for international crowds and stand out.

The Building is still used as a library and museum. The side of the museum has letters from all languages, to show this cultural significance and world knowledge all in one place. The design process was essentially to create something timeless for future generations to learn within.

For discourse the symbolism is very prominent by markings and not so much the construction. The journey through it reveals high roofs and suspension for a suitable circulation pattern. However in it’s entirety the library is essentially a symbol of progress for Egypt and this is seen in it’s modernist style and choice of concrete materials.

The Design theory would be thought to be based entirely on space and dictation as it is a library and a library is considered as a place of new knowledge and organization.

Hence the context is extremely important, As said it is situated beside the vast ocean and the building it self almost seems to float in a lake, this delegation of views shows the serenity of the building, sitting in calm water and peering out to the wide world of knowledge. This is in complete contrast to hectic and instable nature of the city behind it, essentially a place of study is away from this.

This connection is what needs to be made, and way that the building fits into this clash of ideas is what separates it from other theories.

References

•  IMAGES

•  http://www.e-architect.co.uk/portugal/casa_da_musica.htm Fig 1

•  http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/the_17_sides_of_a_cultural_id.php Fig 2

•  http://www.lacona10.org/venue.htm Fig 3

•  http://www.memphistours.com/Egypt/Wikis/Alexandria-Library Fig 4

•  TEXT

•  [1]- Williams, Richard (2005), Architecture and visual culture, in Exploring Visual culture Definitions, Concepts and contexts, By Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh, Edinburgh university press) pp102-116, pg 108

•  [2]- Richard Williams, 'Architecture and Visual Culture', in Exploring Visual Culture : Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), pp. 102 – 116

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Computational Architecture

Computation in Architecture

•  “Computation” or the use of computers for designing is a crucial topic in designing media, because of the way it will change the industry. Up until now the computer software has only been seen as a refining tool, however in today's age it can be considered as a form of creativity to utilize the computer to make grand design from scratch. As well as this it would seem that the use of electronics for a design is inevitable, as most designs can begin on paper but have to be constantly refined on the computer because the values are more precise and there is a sense of uniformity across plans for multiple communication.

•  However this collects a lot of debate around whether these software's are limiting our creative ability as described by terzidis that “it is possible to claim that a designers creativity is limited by the programs that are supposed to free their imagination” [1]. However the arguments are to do with things such as the design process and space, or the analysis and evaluation of design and seeing if computers can aid or rejects these. There it is an interesting topic that is surrounded by many opinions in the design community.

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•  As of now Contempory design is mostly CAD aided according to critics and because of this we should learn to embrace it. In contemporary design the use of computation is indeed become more common, this is because of the way new shapes and forms can be created, by using the technology these forms can also be somewhat feasible. Some of the techniques that are used within design is parametric and vector design, this can be seen within the use of rhino and other designing software’s. For example changing slide values on say a curve it can attract parts of the curve and be stretched out into new trajectories, which is one way of achieving interesting design.

•  In the articles “whither the design?” and “Architecture in the digital age” the main contentions that come out of this is the distinction between the relationship with computation and human design and how some of these programs work in making design. In the first texr by Woodbury describes how the software does not only create new design but it “amplifies human cognition” [2] showing that it can extend our ideas beyond or capabilities and take things further. This is an ambitious claim for CAD but some of the new great pieces of architecture has developed from this and contributes to innovation. However there are several that think the opposite but in my opinion I think as long as there is still interesting and innovative architecture being created, it is still the person that initiates the software to assist in creativity as long as there is an element of choice it is still coherent.

•  Overall it is the design space, it is the journey or process that is used to create a final outcome, and this is still initiated by the human

•  HENCE THE WYNDHAM PROJECT, IN ORDER TO CREATE GREAT VARIETY AND INTRIGUE TO FORM, COMPUTERISATION CAN MAKE THIS POSSIBLE

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Precedent [1]: BMW Welt (Munich, Germany) - By Coop Himmelb(1)au architects

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Fig 6

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The BMW Welt building is currently being used as a showroom and museum for BMW automobiles. the main design purpose was to create a large open space that could showcase these cars. As a result a large structure with various curves, a fluid shape but also geometrical qualities was created. In terms of computational design the most obvious use of this and the centre piece of the structure is this corner ramp and showroom, it is essentially an hourglass shape that has been skewed, so that the windows are stretching and becoming twisted. The fluidity of the design could only be achieved by the use of a generated software. The supports for the structure, steel beams are bent and angled to create this fluidity along with curved and smoothed windows assist in this construction. In terms of the design process the designer may have used inspiration for this design, but to create a shape so complex the design might have started small and was only amplified by the software. The idea was refined and made plausible by software and therefore a shape like this could only be made probable by determining the calculation and methods within the software for then real time engineering and construction methods. Computerization is quickly become a tool for speed and accuracy

Precedent [1]: BMW Welt (Munich, Germany) - By Coop Himmelb(1)au architects

As already discussed computation is quite possibly the future. There are unlimited possibilities for design because of the several parameters that can be created for a design.

At the same time the human is still guiding the design and thinking of a concept, which can be clearly be seen in BMW Welt as the form follows experience and there is still design theory in creating a project and the choices that are made for the open area are paramount for function. Hence the buildings outcome is intriguing and non uniform, only by computerization.

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Precedent [2]: ContemPLAY Pavilion (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) -By McGill School of Architecture DRS

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Fig 8

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The McGill pavilion was designed by a group of architecture students as a final design project, and is used a public sitting area for university students and others. It sits in the university as a display and a statement. This steel and wood structure was designed using a DRS software created by the university, and this was a project created with that software to shows it’s power. The interesting shapes and curves were made to demonstrate again fluidity and versatility of computation. The ways in which the wood is curved and bent could be achieved through calculation, however if this model was made on the computer the values could be already determined and different ways in which it could be constructed can be determined purely from that.

It both speeds up the process and refines it. The ways in which materials are used can also be maneuvered to create new form properties that can expand the use of timber for more fluid than rigid design. Therefore with the range of tools in software decision making is key and there still choice in what tools to use which in return regulates the design.

This Design shows a closer definition towards the relationship between computerization and materiality. As the effects of the computer design are seen in true timber and jointing methods as already described.

This here shows the power of software and creating meaningful connections with the context and design theory, as the display is not just a piece of art but an interactive project that is for the students and social living.

Hence there is still a strong sense of design theory involved.

Precedent [2]: ContemPLAY Pavilion (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) -By McGill School of Architecture DRS

References

•  IMAGES

•  -http://www.theluxuryspot.com/tag/modern-art/ Fig 5

•  http://csupomona2013wkapeller.blogspot.com.au/2013/01/architect-coop-himmelblau-location.html Fig 6

•  http://inhabitat.com/twisted-contemplay-pavilion-is-a-complex-piece-of-street-furniture-made-with-local-materials-in-montreal/ Fig 7

•  http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.showprojectbigimages&img=4&pro_id=20684 Fig 8

•  TEXT

•  [1]- Terzidis, Kostas (2009) Algorithms for Visual design using processing language, Pg xx

•  [2]- Woodbury, Robert F. and Andrew L. Burrow (2006). 'Whither design space?', Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 20 , 2, pp. 63-82

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Parametric Design

Parametric Design

•  Parametric design is a particular type of computational design. It is essentially a “series of equations that express quantities explicit functions called parameters” [1] this is seen in the software grasshopper an add on for rhino in which you program the changes in design, the nodes or parameters are set. Parametric design is seen as extremely fluid design, shapes that are smooth and do not necessarily conform to rigid square shapes, the surfaces are usually soft and continuous lines are evident.

•  The debates surrounding parametric design are that because there can be several changes in design this might means there is an excessive amount of changeable steps, an eventually the computer can become cluttered. However at the same time this means the design process can be pinpointed where something went wrong for example. Parametric design on the other hand is now just performed on computers in this century, however as described by Ash and Woodbury “parametric modeling is not new, building components have always been adapted to context” [2] Therefore Parametric design is essentially a calculated and collective design process of a series of equations used to make a design.

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•  In Woodbury's “elements of parametric design” and Mark Burrys “Scripting Culture: Architectural design and Programming” demonstrated several interesting ideas. Essentially these two readings focus on the main discussions of the limitations and strengths of parametric design. In particular in Woodbury's paper he describes how designing can usually be an abstract process, but with parametric the data flow and thinking process can be conceived through the computer. This enhances the way that design can become both mathematical and algorithmic. For example although sketching in most cases is the first an foremost design step, drawing on paper and conceiving a design, this can be taken further. Such as if a circle is created the computer can be used to explore this form further by creating dimensions and geometry to understand the shape further than what was originally intended, the circle can be manipulated to become something more than just a circle. “The CAD model is a set of mathematical propositions” [3] which is why each new step is a choice or decision in the design process. This again contributes to decision in using a computer software and what separates parametric design from other forms

•  Therefore the way in which Parametric design is approached for the gateway project, can be definite yes because the city of Wyndham wants to stand out and using new and experimental design can be just the edge for the project

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Precedent [1]: Kunsthaus Graz (Graz, Austria) - By Peter Cook and Colin Fournier

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The Kunsthaus Graz was originally built as a centre of contemporary art in Graz, Austria and it still functions as this today. The interesting design was created originally and entirely by the use of parametric design, it has smooth exterior shape almost that of a blob and the interior is created and composed of geometric forms that are sharp and precise. The journey through the building is a collection of large viewing spaces and rooms contained with rounded windows in the fluid shape. This project expresses the contemporary programming that is seen in today's architecture. The form embodies what new software hopes to achieve.

Most critiques of the building consist of whether it is aesthetically pleasing in it’s context and is this the future of architecture shapeless blobs that are strange and don’t fit? I defend this by saying that it perfectly embodies modern design as shapes like these originally could never be made due to limitations in designing, material use is of modern technologies such as acrylic glass for the exterior, hence the style demonstration moving forward and making progress in design not going back to traditional design. Back to discourse it effectively is a new journey through design in creating new shapes and journeys, it has an extensive use of computational design and this is seen with the use of parametric. Therefore this building is monument to what can be achieve through computerization and creates a steady tangent towards what future architecture will embody.

Precedent [1]: Kunsthaus Graz (Graz, Austria) - By Peter Cook and Colin Fournier

Even though this design is a great departure from it’s surroundings in style alone, it still manages to be accepted by the context.

This Project when first constructed created distress in the tradition houses of the community because it was radical and different. However over time the community accepted the design and takes it as a “monument to their town” and a landmark.

It is praised by the people because they finally have an identifying feature to call their own.

This is a testament to what parametric design can achieve for a community and Wyndham.

References

•  IMAGES

•  http://www.graztourismus.at/cms/beitrag/10030636/2866010/ Fig 9

•  http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graz_-_Kunsthaus1.jpg Fig10 •  http://spluch.blogspot.com.au/2007/08/neat-architecture-kunsthaus-graz.html Fig 11

•  TEXT

•  [1]- Weissen, Eric (2003) CRC, Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics, second, Florida: Chapman& Hall CBC

•  [2]- Ash, Robert and Woodbury, Robert (2005), Multilevel interaction in Parametric design, In smart graphics 5th international symposium,, Andreas, buzz, Brian Fisher, Antonio Kruger and Patrick Oliver, Pg 151-162

•  [3]- Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements of Parametric Design (London: Routledge) pp. 7-48

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Algorithmic Explorations

•  Exploring the physical aspects of the rhino and grasshopper through the use of online tutorials and getting to know the software better has shown me the power of the tools within the software and what sort of things they can achieve.

•  The tutorials on graphing and Grid shells proved to be most interesting because of the random nature they possess and the way in which parameters are changed in drastic ways.

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•  Exploring the physical aspects of the rhino and grasshopper through the use of online tutorials and getting to know the software better has shown me the power of the tools within the software and what sort of things they can achieve.

•  The tutorials on graphing and Grid shells proved to be most interesting because of the random nature they possess and the way in which parameters are changed in drastic ways.

•  The Tutorials on graphing tools and attractors showed how a the surfaces or parameters of a design can be drastically changed to incorporate moving effects and indeed interesting exploration through graphical and internal changes.

•  Therefore just two simple tutorials have shown me how workflow can be altered and create more versatile and interesting shapes using grasshoppers approach to programming a design. In terms of the entirety of the first three weeks this fits into being for computational design and parametric design as a way of the future.

Graphing Tools and Attraction

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•  Graphing Tool •  Essentially this tool is a node that can be used in grasshopper which can change the

parameters of a object or in this case attractor fields where the lines move towards points, the trajectory of these fields changes however according to the graph. In this case the dips have been created by changing how much density there is to the attraction lines which can make interesting effects which might be extremely useful later in the design process

Grid shell effects

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•  Grid shell •  This process is again going back to creating more curves but this time in the form of a

shell or object. This relates directly back to the curving tool, except in this case the arcs created can be divided between more curves. The curves used as guides for the arcs the shape created are more shaped and comprehensive. There is still plausibility and it can be changed on the move using grasshopper programming.

Conclusion

•  Over the period of so far 3 weeks several different arguments have been explored, mainly between the idea of computational architecture which is represented by the use of parametric design and Traditional architectural practice or creation

•  However after exploring several views on the design process and space I have develop my own sense of a design approach. I still find that beginning a design with sketches is useful, but after the initial stage is explored this can be explored further with the use of a software such as rhino. It can make the ideas plausible as well as expanding on existing ideas further. Therefore As of the first few weeks I have realized the power of computerization and will be using it more in the future. However it will still be seen predominantly as a refining tool, it can still be used for creation.

•  It is innovative to design in this way because it brings designing to a new age, technology has become increasingly better and therefore it should be put to good use, such as refining architectural design. It is significant to design using parametric design because even now computers are doing all the refining and calculation for design, with the use of rhino and grasshopper the design can be controlled to single command and equations. Originally when a computer programmed the user would always be able to program the computer, in later years the computer has become smarter and does all the programming and distanced the average person. Whereas now with grasshopper we can go back to programming in a step back to more directed design that is in controlled by the user and not the computer. Therefore to design this way is indeed the future

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•  As for the case of Innovation this debate surrounds this notion and with all computers and traditional design testing. As long as architecture is still interesting and evolving in style and substance with the use of new technology and thinkers. Then if someone uses a computer or their hand than it shouldn’t matter.

•  In direct relation to the Wyndham project, from looking at computers it is determined that rhino and designing software is indeed the direction for the design because it is new and innovative, which is much like the city of Wyndham

•  Parametric design in particular because of the amount of variation that can be created for a single design and Therefore is the logical choice for the gateway.

Learning Outcomes

•  After Learning about the theory of practice utilizing computerized design it has shown me a new approach to design. Not only by the power of software but also the way in which to think about key aspects of designing to it’s core, such as looking at context, past projects and ways in which to frame ideas using this medium. Looking at the collaboration between human design and computers can make increasingly interesting results.

•  Therefore the first Part of this semester has shown me how to approach my designs in a new way, by taking all aspects into consideration, this could have greatly improved the design process for my water project.

•  As well as providing some insight into ideas for the final design and how grasshopper can be used to formulate this

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Part B: E0II-Design Approach




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Contents

Part B

  1- Design Focus

  2- Case Study 1.0

  3- Case Study 2.0

  4- Technique: Development

  5- Technique: Prototypes

  6- Technique: Proposal

  7- Learning Outcomes

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Design Focus

•  Performance in computational design, that being he way that materials and construction are able to interaction with the design. The study of nature and it’s properties can assist I the development of a project and material performance in relation to fabrication method. This can be done by the use of plug ins for rhino such as kangaroo, which allows the design to be tested using basic physics. To demonstrate the extensive research into this idea, the southern cross station was an example of this reformative design. The use of steel sheeting and determine curves so that train fumes are tapped in the roof and pass out without disrupting commuters. The wave design was created with materials in mind so that the design could be emulated.

•  This is tied strongly to the gateway project in the sense that even after all the grasshopper explanations and rhino test the final project will have to be a physical product and be able to sit above a freeway.

•  GATEWAY PROJECT •  The first step in the project was too choose a design approach •  The approach that was decided on was SECTIONING •  Essentially Sectioning is a where a surface usually solid is divided or cut into

pieces and rearranged in several ways, in some cases sequenced in other randomized, we believed that this had a lot of potential in terms of structural qualities and design attributes

•  This week was about learning section

This was a sectioned design by Bill Harper and shows sectioned Contoured ribs

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Fig 1

Precedent [1]- The BanQ Restaurant

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The restaurant demonstrates a form of contouring sectioning, in which a contour surface is cut and divided then sequenced in an order to create a fluid shape

The restaurant shows materials and construction possibilities, with a frame holding the timber ribs up, it is both a suspended and solid structure Designed by Office DA the experience provoked was that of a cave and even a visual distortion.

For the Most part it is a great starting point for learning about popular versions of sectioning

Fig 2

Precedent [2]-The Webb Bridge 35

The Webb is a commissioned project, specifically to create a walkway between the docklands and new residential areas. It has been constructed out of most likely out of prefabricated arches or hoops.

The arches are sequenced in a Progression or graduation pattern. Clustered at the start of the walkway, towards the end they spread out in large intervals, the intensity of the pattern changes. As users pass through it, the loops create a moving section and sense of speed.

The loops represent a passing from old to new, it is connected to the old water bridge and the new design is integrated. The design was most likely created using digital software in order to adjust the parameters of the loops and even the structural definition.

This relates back to the Wyndham project as a possible source of a design argument, looking at a progression of density as a source of motion through sectioning

Fig 4

Fig 3

Sectioning exploration

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- The matrix was created to show the different formations and mutations of sectioning, looking at a contour model the sliders were adjusted so that the sectioned forms change their dimensions and hence the trajectory and shape, this was the first step in understanding how this Method worked , Density of the contours also increased complexity, the more ribs the more surface form that was defined The different looks create some interesting shapes that resemble the banq resturant

Sectioning a surface/ Waffling: Exploration

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- These are some iterations of how to create sectioning using a surface loft as a starting point - This offset of the surface can then be turned into ribs - This method will be explored again later in the journal

A Simple lofting and sectioning it not too difficult, but to make this seem more complex the strips can be altered to become odd and in different curves and trajectories seen in the confused grid here

Sectioning Argument has been determined as “Architecture through implication”

•  “It is about Dissecting a form and then referencing it with less than the sum of it’s parts”

•  Not only is this the main idea that it presents but also the main contention that we want to achieve through our design.

•  As the concept of less is essentially driving towards a project that is light in construction and figure which can give the sense of an air driven fluid design that does not rely on closed spaces

•  Shown in this diagram is a very fluid form cut up into several pieces yet the overall effect is indeed more interesting than a sold form

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Sectioning has been determined as “Architecture through implication”

The Flow diagram shows the evolution of a rectangle, being cut in several different ways and then extruded to smooth shapes, The different iterations include orthogonal and non orthogonal grids

References

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http://materialdigital.ws/bill-harper-sectioning/ Fig 1

http://www.yatzer.com/BANQ-restaurant-by-Office-dA Fig 2

http://www.theage.com.au/travel/cows-cranes-and-goalposts-20090723-duy5.html Fig 3

http://www.flickr.com/photos/10659687@N03/7716880440/ Fig 4

CASE STUDY 1.0

•  the main ideas that were explored was both reverse engineering a project that used the forms we had been looking at and simply continuing our exploration with forms to create some interesting definitions. The definitions were close to some ideas that we were trying to achieve in relation to the gateway project

•  Establishing techniques to be used for fabrication and indeed materials

•  The main precedent we looked at for this reverse engineering was the serpentine pavilion by Alvaro Siza

•  The reasons were for the way that sectioning a waffle could be used to create a singular structure that is rigid in structure but can be made more fluid by changing parameters.

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Fig 1

Fig 2

SERPENTINE PAVILLION

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- These are explorations done as group where we looked at waffling techniques, by extruding curves and then sectioning them into a sequence - This was most likely the method that was used to create this pavilion - The structure is repeated and intersected with the existing structure to create a complex grid system that creates supports between members and at the same time Shows a self-sufficient support system. Although the finesse of the original is still not here, the ribs trajectory can be adjust towards this

The Serpentine Pavilion

The Serpentine Pavilion

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- These are a few more pictures of the particular parts of the structure in which It can be seen that the waffle system has Been fully implemented and is an evident structural composition

Fig 3

Fig 1

References

-  http://viewoncanadianart.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/serpentine.jpg Fig 1

-  http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/10/magazine/10DESIGN.html Fig 2

-  http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2010/may/23/serpentine-pavilions-ten-years-on Fig 3

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Case Study 2.0

•  A discussion about public art and roadways, in relation to the gateway project a main point of discussion as there were already existing roadway projects that have taken into account their surroundings and psychology of the driver

•  In particular showing some existing precedents that demonstrated several features of the different ways in which a structure or form can create a vision or values to abstract or particular ideas

•  For example the Melbourne gateway, coming from the airport, a series of large monumental poles hovering above the freeway, that when driven past create a sense of movement and foreboding feeling. As the pole finish the sight of the city is revealed, hence this sort of continuity or discovery could be created in this project

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- The “hotel” is freeway project for the east link And is particularly interesting because of it Precedent for the design - It is based on people vision and perception while driving From the freeway and depending on how fast one is travelling they might catch a Glimpse of the hotel but only realize later it is half the size of an actual hotel , it has been scaled Down -  Motion and visual distortion have become a theme for the project

In This Section some projects will be reverse engineered, and from this some more explorations of techniques that have been developed that exist in the ideas of sectioning

Fig 1

Fig 2

Precedent [1]

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“Sectionimal” by Chili Gt2p

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Fig 5

Precedent [1]

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- Based on the sectionimal table precedent by Chili gt2p - This exploration was to test how far waffles can be stretched or even pulled.

- The sections of shape also drew possible construction techniques especially with the waffle, fluid shapes can be made to become structural and fabricated

- The Diagrams below show the way the waffle crosses and how structural integrity is retained in this design despite the shape

- In grasshopper this can be made by changing parameters on a number slider and therefore stretching the shape

Precedent [2]- The Twisting Tower

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- The twisting tower is a different formulation of sectioning - Having previously seen the waffles, the tower instead was using the same repeated shape but with Each piece orientated towards a new angle it created a fluid movement of shapes - This ideas was not progressed much further due to limitations

Fig 6

Grasshopper Exploration- Curve Extrusion

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- This form was achieved by using a point as a reference and then extruding and changing a curve - This creates a non linear projection in which the original curve slowly become smaller then larger through a point, the other end is a flipped version of the curve with a slightly skewed shape - This was just an exploration for the original idea of a sequenced section, however as we progressed Further this would become more of a test rather than towards the actual design itself

- There is a point division from the curve And a vector to point insertion and then the forms are drifted from there

Grasshopper Exploration- Offsets and Extrusion

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- After looking at several projects featuring these rib forms, a majority were still fluid curves (mainly because of contoured form being a great aesthetic and a deviation from standard building Practice) -This test was developed to show a sharp section, in which the curve was pointy and rigid, but when Put together could create a flow. -This model was then fabricated as one of the models

- The lofted surface had a boleen box created around it then it was divided into lines, evaluated and then shifted and lofted - This was able to created the projection of - offsets from the shape seen on the next page

- The rendered shape is the lofted surface that created the offsets

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Fabrication of shapes

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- This model demonstrates a potential fabrication technique for real structure -  By utilizing structural joints, common to steel beams, curves can be connected to supports to Lift up a model, the curves are welded and connected with strips - The definition in grasshopper shows item item list being changed and coordinated, adjusted with sliders and connected to achieve this effect

References

▫  http://www.sewweekly.com/2011/03/the-melbourne-gateway-saga-dress-veronica-darling/ Fig 1

▫  http://www.redbubble.com/people/tnewman/works/3979722-hotel-by-callum-morton Fig 2

▫  http://knstrct.com/2011/03/07/sectionimal-coffee-table-by-gt2p/ Fig 3, Fig 4

▫  http://www.designisthis.com/en/blog/post/sectionimal-table-gt2p Fig 5

▫  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning_Torso Fig 6

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Technique: Development

•  Immaterial architecture is an interesting thought, seen in the reading by Jonathon hill

•  He describes how “immaterial architecture is a formless phenomenon” , something that might focus more on “actions and not forms” unlike the usual definition of architecture which is “solid, stable and reassuring”

•  This might prompt possible gateway ideas to be moving away from defined forms into something that is more of a spectacle and does not rely on formulated joints and connections but rather abstract ideas that bring out the architecture.

•  This can be thought of in out project case of maybe a gateway that shows different aspects like using environment as an active partner for the gateway, or using abstract notions such as speed or physics relativity to design, rather than what has already been made

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- As the critic Walter Benjamin describes, architecture is seen always in a “state of distraction” - This means that most of the time architecture is an afterthought, it blends into daily life and goes Unnoticed, the real details are never seen by the bystander -Hence the main idea is completely relevant to the GATEWAY in that drivers may pass a structure But never take in it’s full effect until it is too late

This is integrate into the first argument for the gateway

-Freeway Arch

Fig 1

Fig 2

Refining the Argument

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As the critic Walter Benjamin describes, architecture is usually seen in a “state of distraction” it is seen in the corner of the eye and not necessarily taken in as great detail, it blends into someday of general cognition. This is exceptionally relevant for the city of Wyndham because the site is a freeway and therefore cars will be passing the area constantly, and not necessarily supposed to be distracted because the freeway is all about speed and motion and therefore “MOTION” is the chosen theme for the project

The answer is in the definition of Sectioning, as by nature buildings are static, immobile and immovable. Unlike a sectioned object which is flexible, lightweight, organic and ethereal. This is why sectioning is the best choice for the Wyndham City gateway

The Ziggurat- A SOLID OBJECT

Contemplay Pavilion - A SECTIONED OBJECT

Fig 3

Fig 4

Precedent [1[ argument

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- The contrast of a sectioned object is the “portal of awareness by rojikind architects -  made almost entirely out of coffee cups attached to a steel mesh frame, because of the material the structure is both lightweight in construction and feel - Commissioned by Nescafe the main theme to this portal is for the pedestrian whether they be walking, running or on a bicycle they should have a different experience whilst travelling through the Arch, mainly the way their vision and senses interpret the forms and distraction that the cups make with the area It creates a unique experience of sight and forms

Fig 5

Fig 6

Bit Mapping

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- The Bit mapping is the use of images with colored depth to show different form manipulation - Relating back to attractor points, it is essentially the same style of change but with this depth - depending on the bit images there is unparalleled change that can occur within the shape

- As seen here in the wire frame the frame reacts differently to each change, with fairly liner 50/50 Bitmaps the structure is simple, however with dotted or shaded bit maps the form is more complex

- This test also shows how the “portal of awareness” might have been made, A reverse engineering of the portal involves subjecting the same parameter to a wire lattice to obtain new shapes

Point Attraction

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- The point attraction method demonstrates how when a point is almost magnetized a form can both move away (repulsion) and toward (attraction) this point - As shown here in this model the poles are shifting away from the point creating a dip in the poles - Although this is only a simple demonstration, the ideas can become more complex when applied to fabrication

- The yellow ball shows where the main points of repulsion Which shows the possibilities of this methods - When all the poles are bunched it can relate Back to visual distortion.

Attractor Point Grid

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- In a continued exploration of attractor points, the points were looked at in terms of a grid System - The grid shows the different ways in which dots, as used here change in projections (size and shape) In order to establish the extruded poles in the previous page - The several height changes in the extrusion make an interesting effect over a surface

- Although the forms are gradually changing styles this is still refined to a form of sectioning

Orthogonal Waffling

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- The waffle slab is a very popular form of modeling, mainly because of self sufficient structural integrity - We tried to make it orthogonal and mostly unpredictable, seen by these waffles that have the ribs Warped in several ways to create a sort of tessellating effect on the eyes, when in full motion there is a visual distortion - This links indefinitely to our them of motion and distraction as the waffle warped it will almost give a Flutter effect when shifting

-Although this is only one it is the file based for the 3rd model and presentation - On it’s own this idea could be considered fairly bland, but if combined with other methods and possible shapes it could create new formulations

Orthogonal Waffling

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- The orthogonal grid was made with twisting Parameters in mind as well as individual panel properties

The way the panels have been created and the angularity they have been spread on is indicative of the shapes and effect that is achieved

References

•  http://www.epi.uci.edu/features/ Fig 1

•  http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RI_403_freeway.jpg Fig 2

•  http://www.islamic-architecture.info/WA-IQ/WA-IQ-027.htm Fig 3

•  http://www.evolo.us/architecture/contemplay-pavilion-mcgill-school-of-architecture/ Fig 4

•  http://www.designboom.com/architecture/rojkind-arquitectos-portal-of-awareness Fig 5, Fig 6

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Techniques: Prototypes

•  Ideas of ORNAMNET was a theme discussed in direct relation to the project. Ornament was originally thought of as simply a surface decoration to make shapes look more interesting, however now it has developed into something much with a stronger sense of identity. Such as the colors or facade decoration can create as Robert Venturi said “ornament is meant to communicate a sense of community” and social interaction within a population. For example inscriptions and decorations on columns in ancient civilization demonstrate their stance son society and change. For the gateway this can be taken as a thought about composition and geometry of a structure, in the way that the forms created can create deeper meaning for a structure. As well as performance a computer generated structures placed in environmental conditions can also show distinction.

•  This relates to the Gateway in determining whether our chosen technique is considered an ornament, for this case some ways in which sectioning can be articulated can involve ornament but for our project we see it more as a structural quality- As well as from looking at the from in different ways it demonstrates visual distortion and distraction as a developing theme

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Several models were made to show the sort of techniques that could potentially be used To construct the gateway

Model 1- Section Extrusion

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- This models was specially made to demonstrate the use of ribs and fabrication construction methods - The Ribs were prefabricated after the creation of the previous “sharp sectioning” idea on On grasshopper - The rhino model was a lofted shape with section located by points and then extrude outlines were created - The outlines are then able to be cut using the fab lab -  Lighting was changed to show the distortion of light through the ribs, as here it can be seen the shadows - That can made with a change

Fabrication of Section extrusion

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Model 1- Sectioning Extrusion

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- The model uses steel wires to demonstrate a method of joining the ribs together To become stable and in sequence, the main reason was to consider a structural integrity that could be possible for realistic construction - The wires can be twisted to create new effects and forms, or even tilted the ribs In certain ways to create waves of motions - Depending on the backdrop the overall look should be somewhat monumental but at - the same time a light and flexible structure

Model 2- Waffle Ball

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- This model demonstrated how rigid a waffle grid system could be, the structure of the ball itself does not require adhesive of any sort to stay together - The ball can be flattened and expanded back to shape without falling apart - This is a possible method we could used for kinetic models

- This also shows how a usually smooth and formed shape can be sectioned into something that is lighter and has structural definition to it by the looking at notches and slots

- The object has been fabricated through flattening the object on the computer from making the definition and then creating notches for slots as seen here

Model 3- Orthogonal Waffling

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- The waffle models were tests of this strong structure, however to be more inventive with this method the grids are completely orthogonal, meaning That’s the arms are twisted and the notches created are also on odd angles hence the Shapes created can be more unpredictable

- In an earlier diagram this model was discussed by the flapping effect it had, when the ribs were flattened 180 degrees the overall look would change, and when shift back and forth there would be a sense of motion running through the grid

- The Definition created for this design was complex, especially when creating notches

Model 3- Orthogonal Waffling

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In these pictures the warped ribs are more prominent in their twisting, the bend is definitive

The chosen material as box board because of It’s thickness and strength, rather than ivory card as used in another model

Techniques: Proposal

•  The theme of AIR is an ongoing symbol in design. Looking at such things as weather and the perception of air, several different designs can come out of this. For example weathering was discussed, which is essentially the environment sometime damaging the materials or coating the materials to create a new and interesting aesthetic. Rust coatings and patina on metals show a layer of green and sometimes multicolored exterior, this can give the finishes on a structure a desirable look or an aged look. As well as rust, the general degradation of materials, much like rotting of wood can also create new looks. Hence the main ideas for the gateway project include that of using the environment to your advantage and showing that design can run in tandem with nature. Therefore design can create unity within projects and maybe even between computerized design and real applications.

•  This related strongly towards the gateway, in the relationship between material choice and aging for new visual perceptions

•  The Technique proposal is essentially cultivating ideas into a single model that can be then tested for structural qualities and become a gateway

•  Hence for presentation we will show the explorations that we have made with the different models we have created showing these methods

•  The next pages shows the collection of these changes

•  We will be emphasizing the connection of the Wyndham site as a freeway to the ideas of motion as a force and a way that this can be depicted in a physical structure

•  The model forms the curve of the freeway and focuses the user on the freeway to take notice of the relation of the model

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Cultivating ideas

•  All of these explorations are interesting and have several properties of sectioning, from taking full surfaces and removing Parts

•  After testing the methods, we deliberate the ones that we thought would be plausible for construction

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Attraction points Bit Mapping

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Model Technique

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The main idea is the sectioning tunnel that demonstrates motion

The main visual idea is, seen by introducing the red strip, which serves multiple purposes firstly as structural stability to the form and as a representation of the force and as a guide for the user, which brings the idea to user as we call focal point contrast.

Essentially the eye travels with the red strip as a focal point. The ribs are also fragmenting light in the background, but because one is already looking at the red the effects happen in the corner of the eye causing a contrast in effects as one passes through.

The sectioned form becomes whole again, as it blurs into one form that appears to move along with the driver.

The grasshopper definition shows the bit mapped image, using the S divide tool

The Vector command was used to achieve a point attraction effect instead

Bit Mapping Sample

Learning Outcomes

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This Week was the mid term presentation , the feedback was extremely useful

•  The comments were mainly about the decision making, as we had made several models but they were all fairly different in execution, towards the end of the presentation there was no clear route to the next stage

•  The argument had a strong use of precedents, but the design was not developed enough to support such an argument

•  This means that are more developed model idea, with the exploration of fabrication techniques would be beneficial

•  Hence the next stage would be to combine all of these explorations to create a new form that could be more useful for the gateway

After looking at the several tools that can be used for parametric design and managing to apply these to a computer model, by changing he parameters such as length or even angles shows me the power of parametric and computerization

The Learning required In this subject to was to be able to utilize the basic commands to make a basic design, such as being bale to apply commands to multiply objects or manipulate them , which because of the continuous testing with the software, I have practiced these tools continuously and eventually become better and more refined at using them as well as not simply completing tutorials and definitions but being able to make designs from the ground up and making them complete and defined

First Gateway Idea

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After the critique, it was apparent that we had several ideas but no entire resolution in the form of a singular design, so we spent time a managed to create the first inception of design

This model is the simplistic version, as the ribs have been created and spaced using the bitmapping tool, which in these pictures shows a lot of interesting curvature in the centre.

However this design does not really relate to the site in any way at this stage, but this this is integral to the completed design

Therefore in the next few pages we have refined this model into something presentable

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Preliminary Model

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Part C: Project Proposal

Timothy Lamb




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Contents

Part C

 Gateway Project: Design Concept

 Gateway Project: Tectonic Elements

  Final Model

  Learning Objectives and Outcomes

  References

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Design Concept- Feedback From First Critique

•  The Main Feedback Points for improving from the Tutors in the mid semester Presentation

•  Our Decision Making should be more refined, the models we made were too different and were not necessarily leading to a single idea

•  The Argument was Strong, but the models did not adhere the argument as well as they could have

•  The preliminary Model should be made

•  Construction Methods still need to be developed

•  An argumentative relationship directly to the city of Wyndham

•  Site relationship improved

•  Refine the Design More

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•  Addressing the comments

•  Use the Models as a progression, as testing ideas, make a definitive decision on what method should be used and then learn and refine that method into the idea of a gateway

•  Combine the designing techniques and create models that embody the argument thoroughly

•  Make a Preliminary Model

•  Research real life construction methods as well as method for making final model

•  Look at the city of Wyndham and the site for the the project and develop a stronger argument around this

•  Look at site photos and figure out site positioning

•  Just simply Refine design, add parameters

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Site Relationship

These are the several sites that we can choose for our project

Having already developed the ribs that come into the form of a tunnel, rather than simply make a sculpture For the project, the idea of interacting with the people became a key theme

As it was a freeway, the automobile was a continuing idea, hence site A and B will be most useful

The goal was to create a project that could be interactive by using the car

The Client: is the Wyndham City Council

The User: is the drivers on the freeway travelling to the city of Wyndham

The Next Page demonstrates some driver perspective views of the current site, and how this is the view we are trying to frame and the main point of user connection

Site Pictures

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Design In relation to the site

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After discussing the parameters, we looked at this curvature in the road and decided that this curve would not only add a sense of direct site relationship but also a clear path for the tunnel

It is the center of all the roads, hence the project can be seen from all angles, but is only truly experienced by the driver that is actually passing through it

Tectonic Construction Systems

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Note: All of these Explorations on materials and Construction was completed with the Preliminary model in mind, but at the same time the final Model was also being refined

The Project has an interesting design because the ribs are not necessarily shaped flat, but have a curvature an bend in them.

Hence the goal was somehow using modern construction technologies to recreate this interesting shape

Several construction methods were researched and eventually one was found to be suitable

Timber Lamination

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This was an early consideration, in particular to make the structural model.

Essentially it is where wood sheets are layered on top of each other continuously and a greater strength is then created in the pile. The Shapes can changed with wood and when different shaped layers are stacked eventually this curve can be achieved, through several layers and some refined filing.

The top picture is the method of clamping down the wood in the certain shape using constraints, such as vices that hold the timber into it shape

The next is bridge from France utilizing lamination for large scale construction.

Hence this method was considered, but because of the large scale of the ribs, and sheer amount of ribs this would be a wasteful and costly Endeavour

Fig 1

Fig 2

Steel Construction and Cladding

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After looking at timber the next logical step was steel construction, because it is such a widely used construction method today, because of sheer strength and flexible bending abilities of steel rods.

Some Precedents that show the sheer ability of a structural lattice or even the fluid shapes that can be created by steel structure, are Frank Gehry’s buildings Bilbao and Walt Disney music hall.

Both of these utilize a structural steel interior frame, that is formed in a strange and fluid shape, yet there is still strength and rigidity in the structure.

The ideas used here is a steel Skeleton with a titanium cladding that is extremely smooth. Because of the flexibility of steel cladding this smooth effect could be achieved.

Fig 3

Fig 4

Fig 5

Rhino testing

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Using The highlighted frame of one rib from the model, shows this connection between several points between 3 of the same curve repeated, these parts are then welded together

The cladding can be made from a white steel and connected to the structure using adhesive connections and bolts, the finished product will be something that is smooth and emulates he fluidity of what we are trying to achieve

Construction Detail

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This is detail of what the connection between the white metal sheet ad the steel rods

It is essentially a clip connection, where the brackets are placed on top of the steel frame and bolted in, the same with the sheeting, which is also bolted in to the top of the frame

There is some space between the two sheets for a lighter construction that is reinforced

Therefore with this method in mind, the costs are high but the same effect will be achieved as a result

Prototyping for Construction Techniques

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After the Construction technique is determined, which is steel frame construction with paneling the frames need to be tested and certain of constructability. As well the model needs to be able to be translated into fabrication in preparation for the final model

Hence in order to demonstrate this construction technique, the first prototype was creating a wire frame in the form of just one curve and demonstrating the way that this shape can be made with a frame.

The secondary model again is simply a test but shows how the cladding fitting over the frame

Prototyping

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Prototyping for the final Project

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In order show the structure in it’s entirety a model needs to show the characteristics that’s it’s computer generated counter part shares.

In this case as previously said before the curving of the ribs themselves will be hardest to emulate. With an already working construction system, realistic construction is indefinite.

The method of this exploration was etching lines on pieces and bending materials into this shape

The diagram at the base shows this bending effect, where because of the etchings, the surface separates yet still retains it’s structure

Prototyping demonstration

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Prototyping demonstration

The Final Model

The Final Model

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After extensive testing with materials, and coming up with a plausible construction solution, in order to demonstrate the sheer veracity of the project we chose not make the final model out of etching boxboard or steel wires.

At this stage the rhino model has been tested and we have played with several parameters of the project itself in order to create a Final digital product of the design

The ribs were thickened using grasshopper tools, so that the ribs would have a sense of rigidity to them (as shown in the picture)

The Bit Mapping was altered considerably to different shapes

The sides were stretched and values changed

And therefore utilizing these parameters, and the attraction points along with fragmenting an bit mapping this design was created

Finalized Argument/Speech

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With the final model constructed the original argument was discussed and then refined.

The site for the gateway to Wyndham City is a place of speed because it is located on a freeway, Therefore the users are in a constant state of motion, hence “motion” is what drives our Design. The question is how can something ethereal such as motion be conveyed through a static structure?, as in basic physics, relativity is the thought of whether you are moving in the world or is the world moving around us, we want to encapsulate this idea of motion as a force

After all one cannot see motion as it is just a force, and by the very nature of structures they are static and immobile , the very antithesis, of motion

However, you cannot see wind either, but you know it is there, you can feel it on your skin and see the trees rustling, that way you know it’s there even though you are unable to see it because of the influence it has on it’s surroundings.

The form is that of a tunnel, which has warped, distorted, SECTIONED, in the wake of the locomotion of a force travelling through it {This can be seen on the next page in an extremely simplistic design diagram}

For us the experience of the user is paramount, For us the user needs to be engaged with the project, rather than a curiosity seen from afar.

Because the form is a tunnel, it allows the user to engage with the project by driving through. As we aware of the determined path of the user in the form of a road, we were able to design an experience specifically from the viewing angle of the driver. It is the speed of the driver of the car that activates the true nature of structure.

As you drive through it the sectioned form become whole again, as it blurs into one form that appears to move along with the driver. The inclusion of the red strip serves multiple purposes firstly as structural stability to the form, as a representation of the force and as a guide for the user.

The red strip uses as I call focal point contrast, where the red guides the users eye whilst the ribs fragment views in the background, creating an overall contrast of clashing views that come together as we call fluid representation

The construction is steel wires, this conceived because of it’s flexibility to create forms, and structural rigidity, white steel sheeting in modular forms that are connected to structure, because of it’s lightweight nature.

The entry is smaller contrary to the exit which is vastly larger, this gateway provokes a sense of change and acceleration which is compounded to the fact that the start of the project is located on the curved road, where they will be ravelling slower and towards the end as the road straitens the perception speed in evident.

In a way the structure is not truly complete without the users. And therefore it is perfect for the wyndham gateway project as it is for this specific experience

Design Diagram

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Standard Tunnel

Cut Vertically

Warped Horizontally

Volume removed Shape

Skewed

Rib placed Placed on road

Model

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Digital Contextualization

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In order to show the context of the model and it’s relationship to the road, an AutoCAD file of the contours, was created, scaled and adjusted for 1:200 on an A1 sheet because of the sheer size of the tunnel

Hence the model was adapted to this site and spread in rhino

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Fabrication

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In order for this model to then be fabricated it was to be card cut by the fab lab, I the form of a stencil that was able to fit all the pieces onto it.

Several materials form the fabrication lab were discussed, as the model was going to be a reprehensive of real materials the choice for color and texture was crucial.

In order to achieve the curves the material would have to be strong and flexible, but the design was also white

Therefore ivory card was the integral choice, because of these properties

Down here is the file the was sent to be cut, along with separate fabrication for color coordination on the red rib

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Finished Construction

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The overall finished product is a success as it shows the length of the model with 83 ribs, the fluid progression that it possesses and the that sectioning is indeed the focal point

Final Model Renderings

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The renderings are able to convey the contextual aspect of the approach towards the gateway. In particular the drivers perspective, because this perspective is the key moment of experience and the view that frames our design to it’s full potential. The drives towards the structure is eye catching and exciting.

Learning Outcomes

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In the Final Critique we demonstrated all the facets of project in relation to a perfected argument

The Main feedback that we received

- Resolution of construction method should be talked about more cohesively

- Graphical design for presentation should be considered, in terms of the way that we set out focal points on the diagram

- We should take more care in what to describe

- Make the model as poetic as the argument

We have considered these change for future reference

On the other hand in terms of the subject in general it has been a great learning experience.

From learning the rhino definitions for the first time at the start gave me a good grounding of the power of rhino and grasshopper

Here it has finally been realized of the potential that this software possesses

Using grasshopper to write definitions and command gave me the power to make intricate decisions in my design on the project

In particular reference to just the simple command of lofting revolutionized the way that I make my presentations and show off the details of my exportations in formed that can be individualized and rendered to perfection

Therefore in this subject it has shown me design using computerization and it’s potential because there is fine detail in being able to control outcomes, As well as this the subject in general has been intellectually stimulating

References

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http://whatwow.org/glue-laminated-timber/ Fig 1

http://www.fonerbooks.com/laminate.htm Fig 2

http://www.buildingcollector.com/2009/05/disney-concert-hall.html Fig 3

http://www.preservenet.com/archtime/ArchTime.html Fig 4

http://www.arcspace.com/features/gehry-partners-llp/walt-disney-concert-hall/ Fig 5

All Other photos are a combination of Screenshots, Personal and Group Photos

Documents

Studio Air- Final Design Journal