STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST

8/9/2019 STUDIES ON THE FLORA AND AVIFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE KARACHI WESTERN BACKWATERS MANGROVE FOREST

1/18

I @T. H. JIOL. JI OTCGF.,>> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.

WTSDICW O@ TFC MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF TFC ENZNGFI

[CWTCZ@ JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT

Znfnt Hnjcc`>, Aufnaand Iarn`

:n`d Wurnyyn Efntoo`*

7

>Wi`df [ntcr Wcgtor Iaprovcac`t Rrohcgt Rrohcgt Goordi`ntio` n`d Aoìtori`k Sìt, Rln`ì`k n`d Dcvclopac`t

Dcpnrtac`t, Kovcràc`t om Wi`df, Enrngfi, Rneistn`,:Kovcràc`t Wgic`gc n`d Goaacrgc Dckrcc Gollckc, Kulznr-c-Fihri, Enrngfi, Rneistn`,

*7Dcpnrtac`t om Jotn`y, Sìvcrsity om Enrngfi, Enrngfi ;3:;2, Rneistn` (Gorrcspo`di`k nutfor, C-anil8

surnyynefntoo`Brogectanil.goa,surnyyntnxoòaistBkanil.goa).

NJWTZNGT

Tfc Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs lic jcfi`d tfc sn`dy strctgf om tfc Wn`dspit n`d Fnwecs Jny jcngfcs. Wcn wntcr c`tcrs tfc lnkoo`

vin Anòrn Gfn``cl, wfilc tfc Lynri Zivcr mnlls o` tfc cnstcr`-òrtfcnstcr` sidc om tfc lnkoo`. An`krovc morcst cxists o` 422 to 322

fcgtnrcs om tfc swnaps i` tfc lnkoo`, trnvcrscd jy n ani` gfn``cl n`d its jrn`gfcs. Tfis morcst is n` iaportn`t wi`tcri`k krou`d mor n

lnrkc ùajcr om aikrntory jirds goai`k mroa Wijcrin, Gc`trnl Nsin, Curopc, n`d Rneistn`s ow` fikf nltitudc gold nrcns.

N tforoukf study om tfc mlorn, vckctntio`, n`d tfc Nvimnu`n nssogintcd witf tfis an`krovc morcst wns do`c mor tfc mirst tiac. Goaplctci`vc`torics om pln`t spcgics n`d jird spcgics wcrc prcpnrcd, wfilc tfc jird populntio`s wcrc ao`tfly aoìtorcd mor six ycnrs mroa

:223 to :2>2. N totnl om 36 pln`t spcgics wcrc rcgordcd tfnt wcrc prcsc`t i` mour typcs om aigrofnjitnts, rn`ki`k mroa tfc gonstnl wct

n`d snli`c soil to tfc i`tcrtidnl zo`c i` tfc an`krovc swnaps (i`gludi`k tfc solc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc`ìn anri`n) to soacwfnt

fikfcr dry sn`dy n`d rogey ln`d nrou`d tfc an`krovc cgosystca. Tfc totnl rcgordcd jird spcgics wcrc 9=, out om wfigf 36 wcrcaikrntory n`d 76 wcrc rcsidc`t spcgics. Ovcr tfc study ycnrs jotf tfc ùajcr om jird spcgics n`d totnl ùajcr om i`dividunls

go`tiùcd to dcgrcnsc. Jy tfc c`d om tfc study, >4 aikrntory jirds totnlly disnppcnrcd. Tfcsc wcrc i` ndditio` to tfosc :3 aikrntoryspcgics tfnt wcrc òt mou`d nltokctfcr i` tfc prcsc`t study jut wcrc rcportcd i` n prcvious wore sfortly jcmorc tfc goaac`gcac`t om

tfc prcsc`t study. Tfis trc`d i`digntcs tfnt tfis nrcn is mnst jcgoai`k u`mnvournjlc mor tfc aikrntory jird spcgics. Tfc possijlc gnuscs

i`gludc pollutio`, go`tiùnlly i`grcnsi`k n`tfropokcìg disturjn`gcs n`d i`grcnsi`k fuan` prcsc`gc i` tfc nrcn. Tfis iaportn`tcgosystca is i` dirc `ccd om iaacdintc go`scrvntio` acnsurcs.

Ecy-words8Nvimnu`n, jngewntcr, An`krovc morcst, Wn`dspit, Fnwes Jny.

I@TZODSGTIO@

N jngewntcr is n pnrt om n rivcr i` wfigf tfcrc is littlc or ò gurrc`t5 im n rivcr mlows i`to n lnec or scn, tfis is tfc

rckio` i` wfigf tfc lowcr mlux om wntcr pcraittcd nt tfc aoutf gnuscs tfc wntcr to jngeup. I` tfc prcsc`gc om tidc

ngtio`, mrcsf n`d snlt wntcr any jcgoac aixcd to mora n` cstunri`c c`viroàc`t(fttp8//c`.wieipcdin.ork/Jngewntcr_(rivcr).

Lnkoo`s jci`k pnrtinlly c`gloscd wntcr jodics do òt fnvc ns stro`k wnvc ngtio` ns i` tfc opc` scn. Gonstnl

lnkoo`s tc`d to ngguaulntc scdiac`ts mroa i`mlowi`k rivcrs, mroa ruòmm mroa tfc sforcs om tfc lnkoo`, n`d mroa

tfc scdiac`ts gnrricd i`to tfc lnkoo` tfroukf i`lcts jy tfc tidc (fttp8//c`.wieipcdin.ork/wiei/Lnkoo`). Wugf

c`viroàc`t i` tfc tropignl n`d sujtropignl rckio`s mnvours tfc cstnjlisfac`t om an`krovc morcsts.

An`krovcs nrc o`c om tfc tfrcc aost produgtivc cgosystcas o` Cnrtf nlo`k witf gornl rccms n`d rni` morcsts5

tfcy providc mood, sfcltcr, jrccdi`k krou`ds, n`d rcmukc to n ùajcr om cgoòaignlly n`d cgolokignlly iaportn`t

anri`c spcgics n`d nlso scrvc ns jird sn`gtunrics (Folkui` ct nl.,.:22=).

Tfc Enrngfi Jngewntcrs, lyi`k jcfi`d tfc sn`d spit om tfc Wn`dspit n`d Fnwecs Jny jcngfcs support rigf

krowtf om an`krovc morcst wfigf is moracd jy n si`klc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc`ìn anri`n. Tfc jngewntcrs om

Enrngfi nrc dividcd i`to tfc Cnstcr` jngewntcrs n`d tfc [cstcr` jngewntcrs jy tfc Gfi``n Grcce (Anp->). Tfc

wcstcr` jngewntcrs i`gludc tfc Anòrn Gfn``cl wfigf scrvcs ns tfc i`lct mor tfc lnkoo` ns wcll ns c`trn`gc mor tfc

Enrngfi fnrjor, tfc Lynri Zivcr cstunry nt tfc cnstcr`-òrtfcnstcr` anrki` om tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs, n`d tfc wntcr

gfn``cls, aud-mlnts, n`d an`krovc morcsts lyi`k i`-jctwcc` tfc sn`dy strip nlo`k Nrnjin` Wcn n`d tfc ani`ln`d.

Tfc ani`ln`d nrcn surrou`di`k tfc an`krovc cgosystca is soacwfnt fikfcr, dry, rogey n`d sn`dy ln`d, prcsc`ti`k

n aigrofnjitnt totnlly dimmcrc`t mroa tfnt om tfc an`krovc swnaps. I`morantio` o` tfc mlorn om tfc study nrcn is

nlaost ò`-cxistc`t dcspitc tfc mngt tfnt pln`ts fnvc tfc pivotnl rolc i` n`y cgosystca. Tfc o`ly dctnilcd wore

nvnilnjlc is tfnt om Znsfid n`d Njjns (:2>>) wfo rcportcd 4; pln`t spcgics jclo`ki`k to >9 mnailics mroa tfc nrcn.

Tfc fcnltf om an`krovc cgosystca gn` jc nsscsscd jy dctnilcd studics o` dimmcrc`t pfysignl pnrnactcrs n`d

i`digntor orknìsas. An`krovc trccs tfcasclvcs oggupy tfc gc`trnl iaportn`gc i` tfc cgosystca, supporti`k aost om

tfc otfcr orknìsas. Nao`k vnrious orknìsas, jirds nrc go`sidcrcd ns fikfly cmmcgtivc jiodivcrsity i`digntor

ani`ly jcgnusc tfcy nrc wcll-eòw` n`d fnvc n rcso`n`gc n`d go``cgtio` witf pcoplc n`d tfcir livcs (Krckory n`d
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://en.wikipedia.org/Backwater_(river)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/Backwater_(river)mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/18

764 ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,

I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422, :2>4.

Wtric`, :2>2). Tfc goaao` oggurrc`gc om jirds i` n an`krovc goaauìty is n uscmul i`digntor om systcas fcnltf

(Folkui` ct nl. :22=).

Mcw studics nrc nvnilnjlc o` tfc nvimnu`n om tfc Jngewntcrs an`krovcs dcspitc tfc mngt tfnt jirds nrc tfc aost

proai`c`t goapo`c`t om tfc an`krovc mnu`n nlaost cvcrywfcrc i` tfc world. Efnùa n`d Nfacd (>966) rcportcd

74 spcgics mroa tfc Enrngfi gonst i`gludi`k tfc Jngewntcrs. Tfcirs wns n 4-ao`tf study mroa Huly to Ogtojcr >963

n`d tfc 74 spcgics i`gludcd >: rcsidc`t n`d :: aikrntory spcgics5 tfoukf tfc tiac wns òt suitnjlc mor tfc aikrntory

spcgics ojscrvntio`s ns tfcir ùajcrs usunlly pcne i` tfc ao`tf om Dcgcajcr (pcrso`nl ojscrvntio`). Kfnlij n`d

Fns`ni` (>99;) rcportcd ;3 spcgics om nquntig jirds mroa tfc Glimto` jcngf om Enrngfi. Tfc goapnrntivcly aorc

dctnilcd wore is tfnt om Durrn`cc ct nl. (:226) o` tfc [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovcs nvimnu`n, spn`ì`k ovcr mivc

ycnrs mroa Hnùnry :222 to Dcgcajcr :224, i.c. go`gludi`k jcmorc tfc stnrt om tfc prcsc`t study. Tfcy rcgordcd >>4

spcgics, ;6 om wfigf wcrc aikrntory n`d 7= rcsidc`t. Fowcvcr, tfcy did òt rcgord tfc ùajcr om i`dividunls or tfc

nju`dn`gc om vnrious spcgics om jirds.

Tfc study nrcn govcrcd jy tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs om Wn`dspit / Fnwecs Jny acnsurcs njout 322 fcgtnrcs.

An`krovc morcst o` 722 fn is i` kood go`ditio` n`d >22 fn is dckrndcd morcst. Tfc grcce systca is o`c om tfc aost

iaportn`t nrcns mor wi`tcri`k, pnssnkc n`d suaacri`k sforcjirds i` Rneistn`, n`d nlso supports sikìmign`t ùajcrs

om goraorn`ts, mlnai`kocs, duges, kulls, n`d tcr`s.

ANTCZINLW N@D ACTFODW

Tfc study sitc is logntcd jcfi`d tfc Wn`dspit / Fnwecs Jny jcngf (:4 32 @, == 3= C) i` [cstcr` Jngewntcrs

an`krovc nrcn. @i`c spots wcrc sclcgtcd mor jirds ojscrvntio`snlo`k tfc ani` gfn``cl (Mik. >)n`d its jrn`gfcs(Anp->).

>. Mlorn n`d vckctntio`

Tfc wfolc study nrcn wns survcycd i` dimmcrc`t scnso`s n`d n list om nll nvnilnjlc pln`t spcgics wns prcpnrcd.

]nrious cgolokignl gfnrngtcristigs om tfc spcgics i`gludi`k tfcir aigrofnjitnt prcmcrc`gcs wcrc òtcd dow`.

Tfc mlorn nssogintcd witf an`krovcs n`d tfnt prcsc`t nwny mroa an`krovcs o` fikfcr krou`ds wns nlso òtcd

dow`.

Tfc limc moras wcrc dctcrai`cd jy tfc gritcrin kivc` jy Znuèincr (>974).


3/18

MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 763


Mik.>. N vicw om ani` gfn``cl nt fikf tidc.

Mik.:. Jirds mccdi`k o` aud-mlnts nt cjj tidc.

:. Nvimnu`nI` nvimnu`n nll tfc spcgics om jirds wcrc ojscrvcd wfigf nrc `oranlly mou`d. Tfc dctnilcd ojscrvntio`s om jirds

i` tfc study nrcn wcrc tnec` o` ao`tfly jnsis i` tfc gurrc`t rcscnrgf study.


4/18

76= ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,


]isits wcrc nlwnys andc duri`k tfc cjj tidcs (tfc pcriod jctwcc` fikf tidc n`d low tidc) so tfnt anxiaua pnrt

om tfc i`tcrtidnl nrcn any jc cxnai`cd (Mik. :). Tfc study nrcn wns survcycd mor tfc jirds cstiantio`, i` totnl5 o`c

mull dny visit pcr ao`tf wns sgfcdulcd. I` tfis wny >: visits wcrc go`dugtcd mor tfc totnl gou`ts.

Micld jiògulnr witf spcgimigntio`s om >2V32 wcrc uscd. Tclcsgopc wns uscd mor spcgics idc`timigntio` mor

krcntcr distn`gcs tfn` jiògulnrs. Tfc tclcsgopc wfigf wns utilizcd i` jird spcgics idc`timigntio` fnd spcgimigntio`s

om :2V to =2V. Duc to its fcnvy wcikft it wns aou tcd o` n tripod to nvoid vijrntio` duri`k tfc ojscrvntio`.

N spotti`k sgopc aou`tcd o` n tripod wns caploycd mor gou`ti`k n`d idc`timigntio` om jirds. [fc` tfc nrcn wns

lnrkc n`d tfc jirds wcrc sgnttcrcd, tfc` gou`ti`k n`d idc`timigntio` om jirds wns do`c mor `cnrly cvcry >22 actcrs.

Gnrc wns nlwnys tnec` òt to disturj tfc jirds so tfnt tfcy aikft òt mly clscwfcrc rcsulti`k i` doujlc gou`ts.

OJWCZ]NTIO@W N@D ZCWSLTW

>. Mlorn n`d ]ckctntioÌ` tfc prcsc`t study tfc pln`t jiodivcrsity om jngewntcrs wns mou`d ns totnl 36 spcgics (4; digots n`d >>

aoògots) jclo`ki`k to :: mnailics (:2 digots n`d : aoògots) n`d 43 kc`crn om wfigf 7= wcrc digots n`d 9 wcrc

aoògots (Mik. 7). Nao`k mnailics Rongcnc wns tfc lnrkcst mnaily (9 spcgics) mollowcd jy Rnpilio`ngcnc,

Gfcòpodingcnc n`d Nanrn`tfngcnc (3 spcgics cngf) o` scgo`d rnè wfilc Cupforjingcnc wns tfc tfird lnrkcst

mnaily witf 4 spcgics (Mik. 4).

Nao`k kc`crn Cupforjin wns tfc lnrkcst kcùs witf 4 spcgics, Fcliotropiua wns tfc scgo`d lnrkcst kcùs witf 7

spcgics n`dNanrn`tfus,Lnu`ncn, Wc``n, Glcoac,Njutilo`, I`dikomcrn, Gypcrus n`dDngtylogtcìua wcrc o` tfird

positio` witf : spcgics i` cngf kcùs (Mik. 3). Tfcsc lnrkcr mnailics n`d kc`crn go`trijutcd 46.:;% n`d 7=.:2% omtfc mlorn om tfc study nrcn rcspcgtivcly (Tnjlc - >).

Zcknrdi`k tfc Fnjit om tfc pln`ts, fcrjs (:3) wcrc tfc lnrkcst fnjit gntckory i` tfc study nrcn mollowcd jy krnsscs

(Mik. =). Zcknrdi`k limc moras, Gfnancpfytc wns tfc lnrkcst limc-mora (:4) mollowcd jy Tfcropfytcs (>=) n`d

Rfn`cropfytcs o` 7rdpositio` witf 9 spcgics (Mik. ;). Tfc goaplctc gfcgelist om pln`ts witf tfcir limc-moras, fnjit,

n`d otfcr i`morantio` is providcd i` Tnjlc :.

Mik. 7. @uajcr om Rln`t mnailics, kc`crn n`d spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.

Tfc pln`t spcgics om tfc study nrcn oggurrcd i` mour ei`ds om aigrofnjitnts. Tfc aost nju`dn`t n`d proai`c`t

ei`d om vckctntio` nrc tfc an`krovc morcsts moracd jy n si`klc an`krovc spcgics Nvigc`ìn anri`n i` tfc i`tcr-tidnl

zo`c. I` ndditio` to Nvigc`ìn, mour aorc fnlopfytig spcgics oggurrcd nlaost i` tfc i`tcr-tidnl zo`c i` glosc

proxiaity om an`krovcs. Nòtfcr >9 fnlopfytcs oggurrcd soacwfnt nwny mroa an`krovcs o` aoist snli`c soil,

soac o` tfc sn`dy strctgf townrds tfc ani` scn gonst, c.k. Lotus knrgiìi,I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn, Nstrnknlus mntac`sis

n`d Rolygnrpncn spigntn,ctg. Tfc rniscd ln`d nwny mroa an`krovcs wns dry rogey or sn`dy n`d nppnrc`tly ò`-

snli`c or witf vcry low snliìty. Twc`ty pln`t spcgics (ò`-fnlopfytcs) oggurrcd i` tfis aigrofnjitnt. Tfc mourtf


5/18

MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 76;


aigrofnjitnt wns tfc vigiìty om gultivntcd plngcs, liec lnw`s n`d mlowcr jcds nlo`k vnrious juildi`ks n`d opc`

spngcs rcgc`tly disturjcd jy fuan` ngtivity. Tfirtcc` spcgics oggurrcd i` tfis ei`d om aigrofnjitnt, tfcsc wcrc nlso

aostly ò`-fnlopfytcs (Mik. 6, n`d Nppc`dix-I). Tfoukf quitc n mcw spcgics oggurrcd i` aorc tfn` o`c typc om

aigrofnjitnts, jut tfc njovc ac`tio`cd distrijutio` rcmcrs to tfcir aorc prcmcrrcd aigrofnjitnt. Fowcvcr, tfc nlic`

i`vnsivc spcgicsRrosopis hulimlorn wns prcsc`t i` nlaost cvcry ei`d om aigrofnjitnts, cvc` nao`k Nvigc`ìnstn`ds

i` tfc i`tcrtidnl zo`c.

Mik. 4. Tfc lnrkcst, :`d lnrkcst n d 7rd lnrkcst (witf rcmcrc`gc to tfc ùajcr om

spcgics) pln`t mnaily om tfc study nrcn.

Tnjlc >. Lnrkcr pln`t mnailics n`d lnrkcr kc`crn om tfc study nrcn.

Mnailics @uajcr omspcgics

Kc`crn @uajcr omspcgics

Nanrn`tfngcnc 3 Nanrn`tfus :

Gfcòpodingcnc 3 Lnu`ncn :

Cupforjingcnc 4 Fcliotropiua 7

Rnpilio`ngcnc 3 Wc``n :

Rongcnc 9 Glcoac :

Cupforjin 4

Njutilo` :

I`dikomcrn :

Gypcrus :

Dngtylogtcìua :

Totnl8 :6 (46.:;%) :7 (79.=3%)


6/18



Mik. 3. Tfc lnrkcst, :`d lnrkcst n`d 7rd lnrkcst pln t kc`crn om tfc study nrcn.

Mik. =. Fnjit distrijutio` om pln`t spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.

Nvigc``in anri`n wns tfc o`ly trcc spcgics i` tfc study nrcn, nll otfcrs wcrc sfrujs or fcrjs. Tfoukf Rrosopis

hulimlornnlso jcgoacs n trcc witf nkc, jut tfc i`dividunls mou`d i` tfc study pcriod wcrc nll lnrkc sfrujs.

:. Nvimnu`n

I` tfc six ycnrs i`vc`toryi`k n`d ao`itori`k wore o` tfc nvimnu`n om tfc study nrcn duri`k :223 n`d :2>2, n

totnl om 9= spcgics wcrc rcgordcd (Tnjlc 7) witf n guaulntivc gou`t om >:>92: i`dividunls (Tnjlcs 4).


7/18



Mik. ;. Distrijutio` om Limc-moras i` tfc study nrcn.

Mik. 6. Rln`t spcgics oggurri`k i` dimmcrc`t aigrofnjitnts.

>-I`tcrtidnl zo`c n`d glosc proxiaity om an`krovcs,

: - Aoist snli`c soil soacwfnt nwny mroa an`krovcs,

7 - Fikfcr, dry rogey or sn`dy ln`d,

4 - Rroxiaity om gultivntcd plngcs


8/18



Tnjlc :. List om pln t spcgics witf tfcir limc-moras n`d Fnjit.

W. @o @nac om mnailics @nac om Kcùs

@nac om Rln`t spcgics Fnjit Limc MorasM/Wpp.

(@o om kc`crn/@o. om

spp.)

(@o. om spp.)

>/> Nizongcnc (>/>) Nizoo`(>) Nizoo` gn`nric`scL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

:/: Nanrn`tfngcnc (4/3) Ncrvn (>)Ncrvn hnvnìgn (Jura. m.) Huss. cxH.N. Wgfultcs Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc

7Nltcr`n`tfcrn(>) Nltcr`n`tfcrn scssilis (L.) DG. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

4 Nanrn`tfus (:) Nanrn`tfus krncgizn`sL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

3 Nanrn`tfus viridisL. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

= Dikcrn (>) Dikcrn aurigntn(L.) Anrt. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

7/; Nsglcpindngcnc (>/>) Gnlotropis (>) Gnlotropis progcrn Z. Jr. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc

4/6 Nstcrngcnc (>/:) Lnu`ncn (:)Lnu`ncn proguajc`s (Zoxj.)Nai`. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

9 Lnu`ncn rcscdimolin (L.) Eu`tzc Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

3/>2 Nvigc`ìngcnc (>/>) Nvigc`ìn (>) Nvigc`ìn anri`n (Morsse.) ]icrf. Trcc Rfn`cropfytc

=/>> Jornki`ngcnc (>/7)Fcliotropiua(7) Fcliotropiua grispua Dcsm. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

>:Fcliotropiua opfioklossua Wtogescx Joiss. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

>7 Fcliotropiua strikosua [illd. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

;/>4 Gncsnlpiìngcnc (>/:) Wc``n (:)Wc``n foloscrigcn (Mrcsc`.)Krcutcr Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

>3 Wc``n itnlign Aill. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

6/>= Gnppnridngcnc (:/7) Gnppnris (>) Gnppnris gnrtilnki`cnDcg`c.Wtrnkkli`ksfruj Gfnancpfytc

>; Glcoac (:) Glcoac jrngfygnrpn ]nfl. cx DG. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

>6 Glcoac visgosn L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

9/>9 Gnryopfyllngcnc (>/>) Rolygnrpncn (>) Rolygnrpncn spigntn [ikft & Nr`. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

>2/:2 Gfcòpodingcnc (3/3)Nrtfrog`caua(>)

Nrtfrog`caua angrostngfyua(Aorig.) G. Eogf Wfruj Gfnancpfytc

:> Ntriplcx (>) Ntriplcx stogesii Joiss. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

::Gfcòpodiua(>) Gfcòpodiua aurnlc L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

:7 Wnlsoln (>) Wnlsoln iajrigntn Morsse. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc

:4 Wuncdn (>)Wuncdn mrutigosn Morsse. cx H. M.Kacli` Wfruj Gfnancpfytc

>>/:3 Go`volvulngcnc (7/7) Go`volvulus (>) Go`volvulus kloacrntus Gfoisy Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

:= Grcssn (>) Grcssn grctign L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

:; Ipoaocn (>) Ipoaocn pcs-gnprnc (L.) Z. Jr. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

>:/:6 Cupforjingcnc (>/4) Cupforjin (4) Cupforjin gndugimolin Fni`cs Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc

:9 Cupforjin glnrecn`n Fooe. m. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

72 Cupforjin firtn L. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

7>Cupforjin scrpc`s Eu`tf i`Fuaj. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

>7/7: Anlvngcnc (:/7) Njutilo` (:) Njutilo` mrutigosuaKuill.& Rcrr. Wfruj Gfnancpfytc

77 Njutilo` i`digua(L.) WwcctLnrkcWfruj Rfn`cropfytc

74 Widn (>) Widn ovntn Morsse. Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

>4/73 Aiaosngcnc (>/>) Rrosopis (>) Rrosopis hulimlorn (Wwnrtz) DG.LnrkcWfruj Rfn`cropfytc

>3/7= Aolluki`ngcnc (>/>) Kliùs (>) Kliùs lotoidcsL. Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

>=/7; Orojn`gfngcnc (>/>) Gistn`gfc (>) Gistn`gfc tujulosn[illd. Fcrj Gryptopfytc

>;/76 Rnpilio`ngcnc (4/3) Nstrnknlus (>)

Nstrnknlus mntac`sis Fogfst. cx

Jlnttcr Fcrj Tfcropfytc


9/18

MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 79>


79 I`dikomcrn (:) I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn Fcrj Gfnancpfytc

42 I`dikomcrn ojlo`kimolin Morse. Wfruj Rfn`cropfytc

4> Lotus (>) Lotus knrgiìi DG. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

4: Tcpfrosin (>)Tcpfrosin uìmlorn Jlnttcr &Fnlljcrk Fcrj Tfcropfytc

>6/4> Rluajnki`ngcnc (>/>) Liaoìua (>)

Liaoìua stogesii (Joiss.) O.

Eu`tzc Wujsfruj Gfnancpfytc

>9/4: Tnanrigngcnc (>/>) Tnanrix (>) Tnanrix nlii ^niscrLnrkcsfruj Rfn`cropfytc

:2/47 Xykopfyllngcnc (7/7) Mnkoìn (>) Mnkoìn i`dign Jura.m. Wfruj Gfnancpfytc

4= Trijulus (>) Trijulus tcrrcstris L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

4; Xykopfyllua (>) Xykopfyllua siaplcx L. Fcrj Tfcropfytc

:>/46 Gypcrngcnc (>/:) Gypcrus (:) Gypcrus lo`kus L. Wcdkc Gryptopfytc

49 Gypcrus rotu`dus L. Wcdkc Gryptopfytc

::/32 Rongcnc (6/9) Ncluropus (>)

Ncluropus lnkopoidcs (L.) Tri`. cx

Tfw. Krnss Gryptopfytc

3> Gyòdo` (>) Gyòdo` dngtylo` (L.) Rcrs. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc

3:

Dngtylogtcìua

(:)

Dngtylogtcìua nckyptiua (L.)

[illd. Krnss Tfcropfytc

37 Dngtylogtcìua nristntua Liè Krnss Tfcropfytc

34 Fnlopyrua (>) Fnlopyrua augro`ntua (L.) Wtnmp Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc

33 Lcptotfriua (>) Lcptotfriua sc`cknlc`sc (Eu`tf)Glnyto` Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc

3= Wctnrin (>) Wctnrin vcrtigillntn (L.) R. Jcnuv. Krnss Tfcropfytc

3; Wporojolus (>) Wporojolus nrnjigus Joiss. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc

36 Srogfo`drn (>)Srogfo`drn sctulosn (Tri`.) G.C.Fujj. Krnss Fcaigryptopfytc

Tnxoòay

Tfc rcgordcd 9= spcgics jclo`kcd to =4 kc`crn i` 7: mnailics n`d tc` ordcrs (Mik. 9). Tfc lnrkcst ordcr

Rnsscrimoracs go`sistcd om >: mnailics, scgo`d lnrkcst ordcr Gfnrndriimoracs go`sistcd om = mnailics n`d tfird

lnrkcst ordcr Gorngiimoracsgo`sistcd om 4 mnailics, wfilc ordcrsMnlgoìimoracs, Rclcgnìmoracs, n`dGigoìimoracs

go`sistcd om : mnailics cngf. Tfc lnrkcst mnaily wns Wgolopogidncwfigf go`tni`cd >= spcgics5 nll tfcsc spcgics wcrc

aikrntory (wi`tcr visitors). Tfc scgo`d lnrkcst mnaily wns Nrdcnidncwitf >2 spcgics aost om wfigf wcrc rcsidc`t

spcgics witf two wi`tcr visitors. Tfc tfird lnrkcst mnaily Wtcrìdnc go`tni`cd cikft spcgics, mivc om wfigf wcrc

wi`tcr visitors n`d tfrcc rcsidc`ts (Mik. >2). Tfcsc tfrcc lnrkcr mnailics, go`trijutcd 73.4>% om tfc totnl spcgics i`tfc study nrcn mroa :223-:2>2.

Tnjlc 7. Tnxoòaig jrcne-up n`d oggurrc`gc om jird spcgics ojscrvcd i` tfc study nrcn duri`k :223:2>2.

Ordcr Mnailics Wpcgics Goaao` `nac Oggurrc`gc

Gfnrdriimoracs

Zcgurvirostridnc>. Fian`topus fian`topus Jlnge [i`kcd Wtilt Goaao`

:. Zcgurvirostrn nvoscttn Nvogct S`gcrtni`

Gfnrndriidnc

7. Gfnrndrius nlcxn`driùs Ec`tisf Rlovcr Lcss goaao`

4. Gfnrndrius dujius Littlc Zi`kcd Rlovcr Lcss goaao`

3. Gfnrndrius fintiguln Goaao` Zi`kcd Rlovcr Lcss goaao`

=. Gfnrndrius lcsgfc`nultii Krcntcr Wn`d Rlovcr Goaao`

;. Gfnrndrius ao`kolusLcsscr Wn`d Rlovcr /

Ao`kolin` RlovcrGoaao`

6. Rluvinlis squntnroln Krcy Rlovcr Lcss goaao`

9. ]n`cllus i`digus Zcd wnttlcd Lnpwi`k Aost goaao`


10/18

79: ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,


Wgolopngidnc

>2. Ngtitis fypolcugos / Tri`kn

fypolcugosGoaao` Wn`dpipcr Goaao`

>>. Gnlidris nljn Wn`dcrli`k Lcss ùajcr

>:. Gnlidris nlpi`n Du`li` Lcss goaao`

>7. Gnlidris gnùtus Zcd Eòt Lcss goaao`

>4. Gnlidris aiùtn Littlc Wti`t Lcss goaao`

>3. Knlli`nko knlli`nko Goaao` Wìpc Lcss goaao`

>=. Liaosn lnppoìgn Jnrtnilcd Kodwit Zckulnr

>;. Liaosn liaosn Jlnge Tnilcd Kodwit Zckulnr

>6. @uacìus pfncopus [fiajrcl Goaao`

>9. @uacìus nrquntn Curnsin` Gurlcw Goaao`

:2. Rfnlnropus lojntus Rfnlnropc Lcss goaao`

:>. Tri`kn crytfropus Wpottcd Zcd Wfnè Lcss goaao`

::. Tri`kn ogfropus Krcc` Wn`dpipcr Zckulnr

:7. Tri`kn stnk`ntilis Anrsf Wn`dpipcr Lcss goaao`

:4. Tri`kn totnùs Goaao` Zcd Wfnè Goaao`

:3. Vcùs gi`crcus Tcrce Wn`dpipcr Lcss goaao`

Lnridnc

:=. Lnrus nrkc`tntus Fcrri`k Kull Goaao`

:;. Lnrus musgus Lcsscr Jlnge fcnd Kull Goaao`

:6. Lnrus ridiju`dus Jlnge Fcndcd Kull Goaao`

:9. Lnruss jru`ìgcpfnlus Jrow` Fcndcd Kull Zckulnr

Wtcrìdnc

72. Gflidoìns fyjridus [fisecrcd Tcr` Lcss goaao`

7>. Kclogfclido` ìlotign Kull Jillcd Tcr` Goaao`

7:. Fydroprok`c gnspin Gnspin` Tcr` Zckulnr

77. Wtcr`n ngutignudn Jlnge Jcllicd Tcr` Zckulnr

74. Wtcr`n nurn`tin Zivcr Tcr` Lcss goaao`

73. Wtcr`n firu`do Goaao` Tcr` Zckulnr

7=. Wtrcùln nljimro`s Littlc Tcr` Zckulnr

7;. Tfnlnsscus sn`dvigc`sis Wn`dwigf Tcr` Goaao`

Fncantopodidnc 76. Fncantopus ostrnlckus Curnsin` OystcrgntgfcrLcss Goaao` /

rnrc

Nggipitridnc

79. Nggipitcr jndius Wfiern Lcss goaao`

Mnlgoìmoracs

42. Girgus ncrukiòsus Anrsf Fnrricr Mrcquc`t rckulnr

4>. Ailvus aikrn`s Goaao` Eitc Lcss goaao`

4:. Fnlinstur i`dus Jrnfnai`y Eitc Lcss goaao`

Rn`dioìdnc 47. Rn`dio` fnlinctus Osprcy Lcss goaao`

Rclcgnìmoracs

Rfnlngrogorngidnc

44. Rfnlngrogornx ikcr Littlc Goraorn`t Goaao`

43. Rfnlngrogornx gnrjo Lnrkc Goraorn`t Goaao`

4=.Rfnlngrogornx musgigollisI`din` Goraorn`t / I`din`

WfnkLcss goaao`

Rclcgnìdnc4;.Rclcgnùs crytfrorfy`gfos [fitc Rclign` ]cry rnrc

46. Rclcgnùs grispus Dnlantin` Rclign` ]cry rnrc

Gigoìimoracs Nrdcidnc49. Nrdcn nljn Krcnt Lnrkc Ckrct Goaao`

32. Nrdcn gi`crcn Krcy Fcro` Lcss goaao`


11/18



3>. Nrdcn i`tcracdin / Acsopfoyx

i`tcracdinAcdin` Ckrct Goaao`

3:. Nrdcn purpurcn Rurplc Fcro` Tfrcntc`cd

37. Nrdcoln krnyii Ro`d Fcro` Goaao`

34. Jujulgus ijis Gnttlc Ckrct ]cry rnrc

33. Jutoridcs strintus Littlc Fcro` ]cry rnrc3=. Ckrcttn kulnris [cstcr` Zccm Fcro` Goaao`

3;. Ckrcttn knrzcttn Littlc Ckrct Goaao`

36. @ygtigornx `ytigornx Jlnge Grow`cd @ikft Fcro` Znrc

Tfrcseiorìtfidnc

39. Rlckndis mnlgi`cllus Klossy Ijis Znrc

=2. Rlntnlcn lcugorodin Curnsin` Wpoo` Jill Lcss goaao`

Rfocìgoptcrimoracs Rfocìgoptcridnc =>. Rfocìgoptcrus rujcr Krcntcr Mlnai`ko Goaao`

N`scrimoracs N`ntidnc

=:. Tndor`n tndor`n Goaao` Wfclduge Goaao`

=7. Nytfyn mulikuln Tumtcd Duge Aodcrntc rckulnr

=4. N`ns nguntn Ri`tnil Lcss ùajcr

=3. Nytfyn mcri`n Rogfnrd

Zckulnr lcss

ùajcr

Gorngiimoracs

Nlgcdiìdnc ==. Nlgcdo nttfis Wanll Ei`k Misfcr Lcss goaao`

Fnlyoìdnc =;. Fnlgyo` sayr`c`sis [fitc jrcnstcd Ei`k Misfcr Lcss goaao`

Gcrylidnc =6. Gcrylc rudis Ricd Ei`k Misfcrs Lcss goaao`

Acropidnc=9. Acrops oric`tnlis Wanll Jcc Cntcr Goaao`

;2. Acrops supcrgiliosus Lnrkc Jcc Cntcr Lcss goaao`

Rnsscrimoracs

Lnìidnc;>. Lnìus cxujitor Krcnt Krcy Wfriec Lcss goaao`

;:. Lnìus vittntus Jny Jngecd Wfriec Zckulnr

Gistigolidnc ;7. Ortfotoaus sutorius Tnilor Jird Goaao`

Ngrogcpfnlus ;4Ngrogcpfnlus nru`di`ngcus Krcnt [nrjlcr Goaao`

@cgtnriìidnc

;3. Gi``yris nsintigus / @cgtnriìn

nsintign Rurplc Wu`jird Goaao`

Ausgignpidnc ;=. Wnxigoloidcs muligntus I`din` Zoji` Goaao`

Xostcropidnc ;;. Xostcrops pnlpcjrosus Oric`tnl [fitc Cyc Goaao`

Nludidnc

;6. Knlcridn gristntn Grcstcd Lnre Lcss goaao`

;9. Gln`drclln rnytnl Wn`d Lnre Znrc

62. Naaoan`cs dcscrti Dcscrt Mi`gf Lnre Lcss goaao`

Rygòòtidnc

6>. Rygòòtus gnmcr Zcd ]c`tcd Juljul Goaao`

6:. Rygòòtus lcugotis [fitc Cnrcd Juljul Goaao`

Wturìdnc 67. Wturùs roscus Zosy Rnstor Goaao`

Firu`diìdnc64. Firu`dn rustign Jnr` Wwnllow Rrcdoai`n`t

63. Znpnrin dilutn Rnlc Anrti` Rrcdoai`n`t

Aotngillidnc

6=. Aotngilln mlnvn Ycllow [nktnil Nju`dn`t

6;. Aotngilln nljn [fitc [nktnil Lcss goaao`

66. Aotngilln gi`crcn Krcy [nktnil Lcss goaao`

Gorvidnc 69. Gorvus splc`dc`s Fousc Grow Goaao`

Rnsscridnc 92. Rnsscr doacstigus Fousc Wpnrrow Goaao`


12/18



Goluajimoras Goluajidnc

9>. Goluajn pnluajus [ood Rikco` [n`dcrcr

9:. Wpilopclin sc`cknlc`sisLnukfi`k Dovc / Littlc Jrow`

DovcGoaao`

97. Wtrcptopclin dcgnogto Curnsin` Gollnrcd Dovc Goaao`

94. Wtrcptopclin trn`qucjnrign Zcd Turtlc /Gollnrcd Dovc Lcss goaao`

Rodigipcdimoracs Rodigipcdidnc93. Rodigcps gristntus Grcstcd Krcjc Goaao`

9=. Rodigcps ìkrigollis Jlnge @cgecd Krcjc Goaao`

Tnjlc 4. Ao`tf-wisc ùajcrs om i dividunls om jird spcgics rcgordcd i` tfc prcsc`t study.

Ycnr

@uajcr om I`dividunls om jird spcgics

Hn` Mcj Anr Npr Any Hu` Hul Nuk Wcp Ogt @ov Dcg Totnl

:223 42>3 327> :=27 >>9: ;=: 3:7 7;: 796 =4; >6;4 :6:7 3:7> :34;>

:22= 7=2: 7992 :277 >224 =29 42= 749 4>3 ==3 >9:3 7>63 4434 ::=7;

:22; 72;= :3>= >4:9 ;>7 >::3 ;:7 4=3 4:7 43: >466 76;2 7976 :27>6

:226 :3=> :64> >322 ;97 492 4:7 762 73: ;73 >427 :49> :969 >=936

:229 :96: 7>3: >7:4 ;77 3>7 737 724 467 646 :2:2 4394 423= :>7=:

:2>2 >92; >997 :264 >293 ;24 37: 379 3=7 ;74 >>2; >=;: :::= >3>3=

Totnl >6>47 >93:7 >29;7 3372 4727 :9=2 :429 :=74 426> 96>; >6=73 ::694 >:>92:

Acnòm

:223-

:2>2

(six

ycnrs)

72:7.67 7:37.67 >6:6.67 9:>.=; ;>;.>; 497.77 42>.32 479.22 =62.>; >=7=.>; 7>23.67 76>3.=;

Mik. 98 @uajcr om ordcrs, mnailics, kc crn n`d spcgics om Nvimnu`n rcgordcd

mroa study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2


13/18



Mik. >2. Tfc lnrkcst, :`dlnrkcst n`d 7rdlnrkcst Nvimnu`n mnailics rcgordcd mroa

tfc study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2.

Mik. >>. Lnrkcst, :`dlnrkcst n`d 7rdlnrkcst Nvimnu`n kc`crn om tfc study nrcn

rcgordcd :223-:2>2.

Tfc jirds kc`crn Gfnrndrius, Gnlidris, Tri`kn, Lnrus, Nrdcn, Wtcr`n, Rfnlngrogornx, n`d Aotngilln go`trijutcd

7:.:9% om tfc totnl ùajcr om spcgics i` tfc study nrcn. Tfcsc cikft kc`crn wcrc lnrkcr witf 7 or aorc spcgics pcr

kcùs (Mik. >>), nll otfcr kc`crn go`sistcd om o`c or two spcgics i` tfc study nrcn.

Ropulntio` dy`naigs

Tfc totnl ùajcr om rcgordcd i`dividunls vnricd i` dimmcrc`t ao`tfs om tfc ycnr tfnt is, aost om tfc spcgics did

òt sfow n` cvc` distrijutio` tfroukfout tfc ycnr. Tfc fikfcst gou`ts wcrc rcgordcd i` tfc ao`tf om Dcgcajcr i`


14/18

79= ZNFNT HNJCC@CT NL.,


mivc om tfc six ycnrs om study, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry (mour om tfc six ycnrs). Tfc fikfcr gou`ts sfimtcd i` dimmcrc`t

ycnrs to Hnùnry Anrgf, @ovcajcr, ctg. fowcvcr o` tfc jnsis om six ycnrs totnl, Dcgcajcr sfowcd tfc fikfcst

ùajcrs om i`dividunls mollowcd jy Mcjrunry n`d @ovcajcr (Tnjlc-4). O` tfc otfcr fn`d, witf rcspcgt to tfc ao`tf

om pcne populntio` mor dimmcrc`t spcgics, aost om tfc spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio`s i` tfc ao`tf om

Dcgcajcr, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry n`d Hnùnry rcspcgtivcly. O` nvcrnkc, 7>.>; spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio`

i` Dcgcajcr, mollowcd jy Mcjrunry (>6.=; spcgics) n`d >: spcgics sfowcd tfcir pcne populntio` i` Hnùnry (Tnjlc

3).

Tfc totnl gou`t om jirds n`d totnl ùajcr om spcgics wcrc tfc fikfcst i` tfc mirst ycnr om study, i.c. :223 (Tnjlc 4).

I` tfc `cxt ycnr tfc ùajcr om spcgics wns tfc snac jut tfc totnl gou`t dcgrcnscd, n`d i` tfc sujscquc`t ycnrs jotf

tfc ùajcr om spcgics n`d ùajcr om i`dividunls go`tiùcd to dcgrcnsc5 mourtcc` spcgics fnd totnlly disnppcnrcd (nll

aikrntory), wfilc scvcrnl fnd krcntly dcgrcnscd populntio`s jy tfc c`d om tfc study.

Mik. >:. Mrcquc`gics om Aikrntory n`d Zcsidc`t jirds i` study nrcn duri`k :223-:2>2.

Tnjlc 3. Ao`tf-wisc ùajcr om jird spcgics sfowi`k tfcir pcne populntio` om ycnr.

Ycnr

@uajcr om jird spcgics

Hn` Mcj Anr Npr Any Hu` Hul Nuk Wcp Ogt @ov Dcg

:223 6 77 = 7 : 7 > > 4 6 ; 73

:22= >2 :7 4 3 2 7 > 7 : ; ; 4=

:22; >= 6 7 7 = > 7 7 4 ; :> :7

:226 >2 >9 = 9 > : : : 7 : 4 7;

:229 >3 >7 7 = : : : > : 4 >6 :4

:2>2 >7 >= >7 7 > : 4 4 7 : 7 ::

Acn` om

:223-:2>2

(six ycnrs)

>:.22 >6.=; 3.67 4.67 :.22 :.>; :.>; :.77 7.22 3.22 >2.22 7>.>;


15/18

MLOZN N@D N]IMNS@N NWWOGINTCD [ITF ENZNGFI JNGE[NTCZW AN@KZO]C MOZCWT 79;


Mik. >7. Mrcquc`gics om nquntig n`d tcrrcstrinl spcgics i` tfc totnl spcgics om jirds

rcgordcd i` study nrcn duri`k study pcriod :223-:2>2.

Mik. >4. Mrcquc`gics om vnrious fnjit gntckorics nao`k tfc rcsidc`t

n`d aikrntory jird spcgics om tfc study nrcn.

Zcsidc`t n`d aikrntor y spcgics

Tfc aikrntory spcgics aostly goac mroa tfc Gc`trnl Nsin, Wijcrin, n`d Curopc to csgnpc tfc fnrsf wi`tcrs om

tfcir `ntivc ln`ds. Woac sfort distn`gc aikrntory spcgics goac mroa tfc fikf nltitudc goldcr nrcns om Rneistn`. Tfc

aikrntory jirds usunlly stnrt goai`k mroa Wcptcajcr Ogtojcr n`d stnrt rctur`i`k to tfcir foacln`ds mroa

Mcjrunry.


16/18



Tfc snaplc go`tni`cd 36 aikrntory n`d 76 rcsidc`t jird spcgics (Mik. >:). Ovcrnll, tfcrc wcrc =6 nquntig n`d :6

tcrrcstrinl spcgics nao`k tfc totnl om 9= spcgics (Mik. >7). Tfc rcsidc`t spcgics fnd aorc tcrrcstrinl spcgics (:7) tfn`

i` tfc aikrntory spcgics (o`ly 3 tcrrcstrinl spcgics)5 wfilc tfc ùajcr om wndcr spcgics wns tfc fikfcst (74) nao`k

aikrntory nquntigs n`d fovcrcr divcr spcgics nao`k rcsidc`t nquntigs wcrc aorc tfn` otfcr nquntig gntckorics om

rcsidc`ts (Mik. >4).

Nppc`dix - I

n) Wpcgics i` i`tcrtidnl zo`c n`d glosc

proxiaity om An`krovc

>. Nvigc`ìn anri`n

:. Nrtfrog`caua angrostngfyua

7. Wuncdn mrutigosn

4. Gistn`gfc tujulosn

3. Ncluropus lnkopoidcs

g ) Wpcgics o` fikfcr, dry rogey, or sn`dy

ln`d8

> Ncrvn hnvnìgn

: Gnlotropis progcrn

7 Fcliotropiua opfioklossua

4 Fcliotropiua strikosua

3 Wc``n foloscrigcn

= Wc``n itnlign

; Gnppnris gnrtilnki`cn

6 Glcoac jrngfygnrpn

9 Glcoac visgosn

>2 Go`volvulus kloacrntus

>> Cupforjin gndugimolin

>: Njutilo` mrutigosua

>7 Njutilo` i`digua

>4 Widn ovntn

>3 Tcpfrosin uìmlorn

>= Trijulus tcrrcstris

>; Dngtylogtcìua nristntua

>6 Lcptotfriua sc`cknlc`sc

>9 Wporojolus nrnjigus

:2 Mnkoìn i`dign

j) Wpcgics o` aoist snli`c soil, soacwfnt

nwny mroa an`krovcs8

>. Nizoo` gn`nric`sc

:. Lnu`ncn rcscdimolin

7. Fcliotropiua grispua

4. Rolygnrpncn spigntn

3. Ntriplcx stogesii

=. Wnlsoln iajrigntn

;. Grcssn grctign

6. Ipoaocn pcs-gnprnc

9. Nstrnknlus mntac`sis

>2. I`dikomcrn nrkc`tcn

>>. I`dikomcrn ojlo`kimolin

>:. Lotus knrgiìi

>7. Liaoìua stogesii>4. Tnanrix nlii

>3. Xykopfyllua siaplcx

>=. Gypcrus lo`kus

>;. Gypcrus rotu`dus

>6. Fnlopyrua augro`ntua

>9. Srogfo`drn sctulosn

d) Wpcgics i` proxiaity om gultivntcd plngcs8

> Nltcr`n`tfcrn scssilis

: Nanrn`tfus krncgizn`s

7 Nanrn`tfus viridis

4 Dikcrn aurigntn

3 Lnu`ncn proguajc`s

= Gfcòpodiua aurnlc

; Cupforjin glnrecn`n

6 Cupforjin firtn

9 Cupforjin scrpc`s

>2 Kliùs lotoidcs

>> Gyòdo` dngtylo`

>: Dngtylogtcìua nckyptiua

>7 Wctnrin vcrtigillntn


17/18



DIWGSWWIO@

Tfc an`krovc cgosystca i`volvcs n goaplcx `ctwore om spcgics i`tcrngti`k witf cngf otfcr n`d witf tfc

njiotig pnrts om tfc cgosystca (AgMnrln`c, :22>). Cmmcgtivc an`nkcac`t n`d go`scrvntio` rcquirc jnsig i`morantio`

i`gludi`k spcgics goapositio` n`d pfysigogfcaignl n`d jiolokignl i`digntors om cgosystca fcnltf (Folkui` ct nl.

:22=).

Tfc Enrngfi Jngewntcrs an`krovcs nrc uìquc i` òt o`ly jci`k tfc nrid gliantc an`krovcs, jut nlso jy tfc

mngt tfnt tfcy do òt lic i` n dcltnig plni`, n`d tfc aigrogliantc n`d pfysiokòaig dimmcrc`gc is quitc sfnrp i` tfc

surrou`di`k nrcns.

Tfc c`tirc Jngewntcrs nrcn om Enrngfi is u`dcr tfc go`trol om tfc Enrngfi Rort Trust (ERT). Nggordi`k to ERT,

tfc totnl [cstcr` Jngewntcrs nrcn is npproxiantcly :392 fcgtnrcs (fttp8//ept.kov.pe/pnkcs/Dcmnult.nspx?id1>44

4/>9/:2>4). Nggordi`k to Nfacd (:22=), tfc nrcn go`tni`s 422 fcgtnrcs om an`krovc swnaps. Nò`yaous (:223)

knvc Enrngfi fnrjor an`krovc morcst nrcn ns 963.32 fcgtnrcs o` tfc jnsis om WROTVW :227 dntn, jut i` tfc snac

rcport ac`tio`cd tfc an`krovcs nrcn u`dcr tfc ERT go`trol ns 322 fcgtnrcs. Tfcrcmorc tfc cxngt cxtc`t om tfc

Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovc morcst is òt nggurntcly eòw`.

Tfc Enrngfi [cstcr` Jngewntcrs an`krovc morcst go`sists om tfc trccs om n si`klc an`krovc spcgics, i.c.

Nvigc`ìn anri`n, u`liec tfc I`dus dcltn an`krovc morcsts wfigf nrc fistorignlly rcportcd to fnvc fnd cikft

an`krovc spcgics (Jlnttcr ct nl.,>9:9), òw tfcy fnvc 4 (Iarn` :2>7).

Enrngfi is surrou`dcd jy low gnlgnrcous fills wfigf nrc tfc go`tiùntio` om tfc Eirtfnr mootfills. I` tfis wny,

tfc Gity om Enrngfi lics nt tfc accti`k poi`t om tfc dcltnig plni` om I`dus Zivcr n`d tfc rukkcd filly tcrrni` om

Jnlogfistn`. Liecwisc tfc an`krovc cgosystca om tfc wcstcr` jngewntcrs is nlso mri`kcd jy goapnrntivcly fikf n`drogey krou`d witf sanll filloges nlo`k its ani`-ln`dwnrds anrki`s. Tfis dry-ln`d supports n mlorn totnlly dimmcrc`t

mroa tfc mlorn om tfc an`krovc cgosystca n`d its glosc vigiìty. Tfis gfnrngtcristig nlso dimmcrc`tintcs tfis an`krovc

cgosystca mroa tfnt om tfc I`dus dcltn, wfcrc sugf n` njrupt cdnpfig n`d pfysiokòaig dimmcrc`gc is òt prcsc`t i`

tfc ndhoiì`k nrcns.

I` tfc prcsc`t study, jirds wcrc pnrtigulnrly ojscrvcd i` dctnil ns tfcy nrc tfc aost proai`c`t mnu`nl goapo`c`t

i` tfc an`krovc cgosystcas. Tfc prcsc`t study is tfc mirst om its ei`d n`ywfcrc nlo`k Rneistn`s gonst i` wfigf

ao`tfly aoìtori`k om tfc populntio`s om jird spcgics fns jcc` do`c n`d trc`ds om populntio` dy`naigs fnvc jcc`

rcgokìzcd. It is i`tcrcsti`k tfnt tfc ùajcr om spcgics (9= spcgics) mou`d i` tfc prcsc`t study, nltfoukf jci`k lowcr

tfn` tfnt prcviously rcportcd (>>4 spcgics jy Durrn`cc ct nl. :226), wns still mnirly fikf go`sidcri`k tfc sanll sizc om

tfc study nrcn, n`d i` goapnriso` to gcrtni` otfcr studics. Folkui` ct nl. (:22=) rcport 76 jird spcgics mroa

u`dnankcd an`krovcs nt tfc soutfcr` c`d om tfc Jnfin dc Ln Rnz i` Acxigo. Aofd-Nzln` ct nl. (:2>:) mou`d ;2

spcgics om jirds i` tfc òrtfcr` Nustrnlin` an`krovcs. Acstrc ct nl. (:22;) rcportcd 6> spcgics mroa Rnrn`nku jny,

Jrnzil. Rnwnr (:2>>) rcportcd 3= spcgics mroa tfc an`krovcs om Srn` (Anfnrnsftrn, I`din). Mroa tfc an`krovcnrcns om Wi`df, Fnsn` (>994) rcportcd =: spcgics5 n`d [nrd (>999) mou`d := spcgics i` tfc Kfnro grcce an`krovcs

om tfc I`dus dcltn. N possijlc rcnso` mor tfis goapnrntivcly fikf ùajcr om jird spcgics i` tfc Jngewntcrs gould jc

tfc uìquc logntio` om tfis an`krovc cgosystca naid tfc dry rogey n`d sn`dy tcrritory wfcrc tfc surrou`di`k nrcn

mlorn njruptly gfn`kcs. Ovcr quitc n lnrkc nrcn, tfcsc an`krovcs nrc tfc o`ly dc`sc morcst nvnilnjlc. Tfcrcmorc n

mnirly lnrkc ùajcr om tcrrcstrinl rcsidc`t jirds nrc nlso prcsc`t fcrc (i` ndditio` to nquntig n`d aikrntory jirds) ns

tfcy mi`d tfis plngc quitc suitnjlc mor sfcltcr n`d jrccdi`k. I` gnsc om I`dus dcltn o` tfc otfcr fn`d, tfcrc nrc vnst

irrikntcd gropln`ds witf dc`sc tfigects om Ngngin ìlotignn`d gcrtni` otfcr trccs, sfrujs, n`d mnirly rigf fcrjngcous

govcr. Tfcrcmorc tfc tcrrcstrinl rcsidc`t jirds any òt jc i`tcrcstcd i` an`krovcs ns tfcy mi`d jcttcr livi`k n`d

mccdi`k plngcs i`ln`d. Tfc an`krovc morcsts om I`dus dcltn nrc i`fnjitcd aostly jy nquntig jirds.

It is òtnjlc tfnt jotf tfc ùajcr om jird spcgics n`d i`dividunls go`tiùcd to dcgrcnsc ovcr tfc study ycnrs5 n`d

>4 spcgics totnlly disnppcnrcd jy tfc c`d om tfc study. Nll tfcsc >4 spcgics wcrc aikrntory spcgics5 n`d i`

goapnriso` to tfc wore om Durrn`cc ct nl.(:226), nòtfcr :3 om tfc aikrntory spcgics listcd jy tfca wcrc òt mou`d

i` tfc prcsc`t study. It is tfcrcmorc ojvious tfnt tfc go`ditio`s mor tfc aikrntory spcgics nrc mnst jcgoai`ku`mnvournjlc i` tfc study nrcn. Tfc ojvious rcnso`s mor tfis trc`d nppcnr to jc n fikf dckrcc om pollutio` tfroukf

Lynri Zivcr wfigf drni`s jotf doacstig n`d i`dustrinl cmmluc`ts (mroa tfc WITC nrcn) i`to tfc [cstcr` Jngewntcrs,

ns wcll ns go`tiùnlly i`grcnsi`k n`tfropokcìg ngtivitics liec go`strugtio` om lnrkc wnrcfouscs, sfops, n`d

rcsidc`tinl nrcns i` tfc glosc vigiìty om an`krovcs or cvc` jy c`grongfi`k upo` tfca5 n`d tfus tfc i`grcnsi`k

fuan` prcsc`gc i` tfc nrcn. Nll tfcsc mngtors nrc disrupti`k tfc `nturnl cgosystca, wfigf is i` n dirc `ccd om

protcgtio` ns tfis lusf krcc` morcst providcs tfc augf `ccdcd oxykc` to tfc pollutcd ntaospfcrc om Enrngfi.
http://kpt.gov.pk/pages/Default.aspx?id=144http://kpt.gov.pk/pages/Default.aspx?id=144


18/18


I@TCZ@NTIO@NL HOSZ@NL OM JIOLOKY N@D JIOTCGF@OLOKY >> (:-7)8 767-422 :2>4

ZCMCZC@GCW

Nfacd, C. (:22=). [[Ms Wi`df An`krovc Go`scrvntio` Rrohcgt.@KOZG Hour`nl, Nukust :22=,pp. >>>:.

Nò`yaous (:223).An`krovcs om Rneistn`8 Wtntus n`d An`nkcac`t.ISG@Rneistn`.

Jlnttcr, C.G., AgGn``, n`d T.W. Wnjìs (>9:9). Tfc Mlorn om I`dus Dcltn. Tfc I`din` Jotnìgnl Wogicty. Tfc

Actfodist Rujlisfi`k Fousc, Andrns, I`din.

Durrnì, H., W. N. Fns`ni` n`d C. Nfacd (:226). Ojscrvntio`s o` tfc jirds om Wn`dspit/Fnwecsjny gonstnl wctln`d

goaplcx, Enrngfi gonst.Rneistn` Hour`nl om Xooloky 42(4)8 ::9:7;.

Kfnlij, W.N. n`d W.N. Fns`ni` (>994). Tfc wntcrmowl om tfc Enrngfi gonst. Zcgords om Xoolokignl Wurvcy om

Rneistn`. >:8 79=:.

Fnsn`, N. (>994). Tfc jirds om Wi`df an`krovcs.Zcgords om Xoolokignl Wurvcy om Rneistn`,>:8 96>23.

Krckory, Z. D. n`d vn` N. Wtric` (:2>2). [ild jird i`digntors8 Ssi`k goapositc populntio` trc`ds om jirds ns

acnsurcs om c`viroàc`tnl fcnltf. Orìtfolokignl Wgic`gc,9(>)8 7 ::.

Folkui`, K., R. Ko`znlcz-Xnaornò, L.C. dc-Jnsfn`, Z. Ac`dozn, C. Nandor n`d Y. Jnsfn` (:22=). An`krovc

fcnltf i` n` nrid c`viroàc`t c`grongfcd jy urjn` dcvclopac`t n gnsc study. Wgic`gc om tfc Totnl

C`viroàc`t, 7=78 :=2:;4.

Iarn`, A. (:2>7).I`vc`toryi`k om tfc Rln`t Jiodivcrsity om I`dus Dcltn witf Ctfòjotnìgnl Wtudics. Rf. D. Tfcsis

i` Jotn`y, Sìvcrsity om Enrngfi.

Efnùa, X. n`d A. Nfacd (>966). Zcsidc`t n`daikrntory jirds om tfc Enrngfi gonst. I`8 Anri`c Wgic`gc om tfc

Nrnjin` Wcn, pp. 4=;- 4;=. Rrogccdi`ks om n` I`tcr`ntio`nl Go`mcrc`gc (cds. A.M. Tfoapso` n`d @.A.

Tiraizi), Nacrign` I`stitutc om Jiolokignl Wgic`gcs, [nsfi`kto`, D.G. AgMnrln`c, K. Z. :22>. Rotc`tinljiolokignl i`digntors om fcnvy actnl strcss i` an`krovc cgosystcas.[ctln`ds(Nustrnlin) :2(>)8 :642.

Acstrc, L. N. A., Z. Erul n`d ]. W. Aorncs (:22;). An`krovc jird goaauìty om Rnrn`nku Jny 1 Rnrn`, Jrnzil.

Jrnzilin` Nrgfivcs om Jioloky n`d Tcgfòloky,32(>)8 ;367.

Aofd-Nzln`, H., Z. N. @osec n`d A. H. Lnwcs (:2>:). Nvin` spcgics-nsscajlnkc strugturc n`d i`digntor jird

spcgics om an`krovcs i` tfc Nustrnlin` ao`soo` tropigs.Cau,>>:(4)8 :6;:9;.

Rnwnr, R. Z. (:2>>). Wpcgics divcrsity om jirds i` an`krovcs om Srn` (Zniknd), @nvi Auajni, Anfnrnsftrn, [cst

gonst om I`din.Hour`nl om Cxpcriac`tnl Wgic`gcs,:(>2)8 ;7;;.

Znsfid, A. n`d W. F. Njjns (:2>>). Wprcnd om Rrosopis hulimlorn o` tfc gonstnl wildlimc sn`gtunry, Wn`dspit /

Fnwecsjny, Enrngfi.Rneistn` Hour`nl om [ccd Wgic`gc Zcscnrgf >;(:)8 >93:23.

Znuèincr, G. (>974).Limc-Moras om Rln`ts n`d Wtntistignl Rln`t Kcokrnpfy.Glnrc`do` Rrcss, Oxmord.

[nrd, Z. A. (>999). Tfc sforcjirds om Kfnro grcce n`d I`dus dcltn, Rneistn`. [ndcr Wtudy Kroup Jullcti`,928 7>

74.

(Nggcptcd mor pujligntio` Npril :2>4)

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