STUDIES OF POPLAR AND WILLOW SHORT ROTATION COPPICE … · SHORT ROTATION COPPICE ESTABLISHMENT. 23rd Session of the International Poplar Commission “Poplars, Willows and People's

Giorgia Baratto, Sara Bergante, Giorgia Baratto, Sara Bergante, Gianni FacciottoGianni Facciotto, Manuela Annunziati, Manuela Annunziati

STUDIES OF POPLAR AND WILLOW SHORT ROTATION COPPICE ESTABLISHMENT

23rd Session of the International Poplar Commission “Poplars, Willows and People's Wellbeing

Session 4-A: Short Rotation Forestry and biomass production

Beijing, China, 26- 30 October 2008

CRA CRA -- Research Unit Wood production outside forestResearch Unit Wood production outside forestCasale Monferrato ItalyCasale Monferrato Italy

SRC

Annual rotation

Biennial / triennial rotation

During the last 6 years over 5000 hectares have been planted in Italy, mainly in the Po valley.

Transports25%

Harvest29%

Culturalpractices

19%

Establishment18%

General costs4%

Removing theplantation

5%

SRC Costs

Aims of this workAims of this work

species and clones

3 trials

Site: experimental farm Mezzi (CRA-PLF)

Casale Monferrato Italy

Evaluation of the influence on biomass production of:

different planting materials

different transplanting machines

1st Trial A quick and an accurate method of cutting

preparation were compared.

Species and clone:

Populus ×canadensis clone Orion

Salix matsudana × ? clone Levante

Salix matsudana × ? clone S76-008

Electric machine

Prototype Berni

(accurate method)

(quick method)

11stst TrialTrial

Electric machine

500-600 cuttings · h-1

Prototype Berni

3000 cuttings · h-1

22ndnd TrialTrialComparison among 3 transplanting machinesComparison among 3 transplanting machines

Populus × canadensis clones I-214 and Neva mixed

S. matsudana × ? clones Levante and S76-008 mixed

(cuttings 20 cm long)

Rotor

Oliver

Alasia





Rotor

OliverOliverOliver

AlasiaAlasiaAlasia

Speed: 1 km·h-1

Workers:3Row:1Power: 40 KWProd.: 0.3 ha·h-1

(Source:Balsari 2007)





RotorRotorRotor

Oliver

AlasiaAlasiaAlasia Speed: 1.1 km·h-1 Workers:4Row:2 Power: 60 KWProd.: 0.6 ha·h-1



Populus × canadensis clones I-214 and Neva (mixture)

S. matsudana × ? clones Levante and S76-008 (mixture)


RotorRotorRotor

OliverOliverOliver

Alasia

Speed: 1.2 km·h-1



33rdrd TrialTrialEstablishment with and without plastic mulchEstablishment with and without plastic mulch

Populus ×canadensis clone I-214


Spapperi with plastic mulch

Rotor without mulch

Rotor with plastic mulch




Spapperi with plastic mulch

Rotor without mulchRotor without mulchRotor without mulch

Rotor with plastic mulchRotor with plastic mulchRotor with plastic mulch

Speed: 1 km·h-1



Spapperi with plasti<c mulchSpapperi with plasti<c mulchSpapperi with plasti<c mulch

Rotor without mulch

Rotor with plastic mulchRotor with plastic mulchRotor with plastic mulch




Spapperi with plastic mulchSpapperi with plastic mulchSpapperi with plastic mulch

Rotor without mulchRotor without mulchRotor without mulch

Rotor with plastic mulch




Trial characteristicsTrial characteristics

Planting yearPlanting year

Cutting preparationCutting preparation

Surface.: 2.500 m2

Rows n°: 3

Spacing: 2,40×0,51 m

Density: 8.170 p. ha-1

Exp. design: split-plot with 3 rep.

Establishment Establishment with/without mulchwith/without mulch

Surface.: 1.600 m2

Rows n°: 3



Exp. design: split-plot with 3 rep..

CompComparison among arison among 3 transplanting 3 transplanting

machinemachineSurface.: 5.400 m2

Rows n°: 3



Exp. Design: complete randomized blockwith 3 rep.

2004

2004

2002

Cultural PracticesCultural Practices

20022002 20042004years

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

4 11 1 1 2 1

51 4 3 3 2 1

years0 1 2 3 4

3 11 1

5 5 25 4 1

PK FertilisationPK FertilisationPloughingPloughingHarrowingHarrowing

Chemical weed controlChemical weed controlDisc harrowingDisc harrowing

Mechanical weed controlMechanical weed controlN FertilisationN Fertilisation

Pest controlPest controlIrrigationIrrigation

HarvestingHarvesting

Variables recordedVariables recorded

Rooting of cuttings or survival of plants/stumps

Growth

diameter at breast height (only living shoots with height > 150 cm)

number of died shoots with height > 150 cm or < 150 cm

number of living shoots with height < 150 cm

Production

total wet weight

dry weight on a sample

diameter at 10 cm of height and total height on a sample

Dry biomass estimationDry biomass estimation

Dry weight = b · D130c

Genus b c R2

Populus 0,556 2,195 0,936

Salix 0,135 · 10-6 2,702 0,897

Trial 1 Trial 1 -- Cutting preparation methodCutting preparation method

90

84

82 81

93

89 90 90

96 9695

92

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Att.

e S

op. (

%)

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

Speditiva Accurata(Surv. 85 b) (Surv. 92 a)

Root

.

Surv

.

Quick method Accurate method

Roo

t. A

nd S

urv.

%

3,9 3,3 2,3

12,1 12,9 13,1

7,59,7 8,7

18,4

28,1

32,5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Bio

mas

sa a

nidr

a (t

ha-1

)

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

Orion

Leva

nte

S76-0

08

1° anno 2° anno 3° anno 4° anno

ceduazione

a

b

ab

Trial 1 Trial 1 -- Cutting preparation methodCutting preparation method

coppicing

1° year1° year 2° year 3° year3° year 4° year

Dry

Bio

mas

s t·h

a-1

Trial 2 Trial 2 -- Comparison among transplanting machineComparison among transplanting machine97

69

9795

88

61

86

75

92

61

94 94

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100A

tt. e

Sop

. (%

)

Pioppo

Salice

Pioppo

Salice

Pioppo

Salice

Rotor Oliver Alasia(Root. 87 B)(Root. 97 A) (Root. 93 AB)

Root

.Su

rvRoo

t. A

nd S

urv.

%

Poplar

Poplar

Poplar

Willo

w

Willo

w

Willo

w

92

63

92

88

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Att.

e S

op. (

%)

Pioppo

Salice

Root

.

Surv

.

A

B

Trial 2 Trial 2 -- Comparison among transplanting machineComparison among transplanting machineR

oot.

And

Sur

v.%

Roo

t. an

d Su

rv.%

Poplar

Willo

w

5,2 6,2

18,8

22,6

2,8

8,76,8

23,7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30B

iom

assa

ani

dra

(t ha

-1)

Pioppo

Salice

Pioppo

Salice

Pioppo

Salice

Pioppo

Salice

1° anno 2° anno 3° anno 4° anno

ceduazione

A

B

A

B

1° year 2° year 3° year 4° year

coppicingD

ry B

iom

ass

t·ha-1

Poplar

Willo

w

Poplar

Poplar

Poplar

Willo

w

Willo

w

Willo

w

Trial 2 Trial 2 -- Comparison among transplanting machineComparison among transplanting machine

91

87

9694

90

82

93 93

84

78

63 62

50

60

70

80

90

100A

tt. e

Sop

. (%

)

I-214

Leva

nte

I-214

Leva

nte

I-214

Leva

nte

Spapperi (2) telo Rotor no telo Rotor telo

a

b

a

aa

a

(Root. 94 A; Surv. 91 a) (Root. 73 B; Sur. 70 b)(Root. 92 A; Sur.87 a)

Root

.Su

r.

Trial 3 Trial 3 -- Establishment with/without plastic mulchEstablishment with/without plastic mulch

Roo

t. an

d Su

rv.%

Spapperi (mulch.) Rotor Rotor (mulch.)

A

a

A

A

b

B

B

B

2,4 3,0

13,8

19,1

4,4

15,0 14,0

38,3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Dry

Bio

mas

s t

·ha-

1

I-214

Leva

nte

I-214

Leva

nte

I-214

Leva

nte

I-214

Leva

nte

1° year 2° year 3° year 4° year

coppicing

Trial 3 Trial 3 -- Establishment with/without plastic mulchEstablishment with/without plastic mulch

ConclusionsConclusions11stst trialtrialThere were no statistically significant differences between the There were no statistically significant differences between the accurate and the quick cutting preparation methods, for rooting,accurate and the quick cutting preparation methods, for rooting, tree survival or production during 1tree survival or production during 1st st rotation. rotation. 22ndnd trialtrialThe transplanting machines had a highly significant influence onThe transplanting machines had a highly significant influence on rooting % in the first year.rooting % in the first year.

33rdrd trialtrialPlastic mulching, which eliminates the problem of chemical weed Plastic mulching, which eliminates the problem of chemical weed control, can be used only if the cuttings are planted 4control, can be used only if the cuttings are planted 4--5 cm above 5 cm above the ground. In this trial planting machines did not have a stronthe ground. In this trial planting machines did not have a strong g influence on production, but differences among species and influence on production, but differences among species and clones were significant in the first year and highly significantclones were significant in the first year and highly significant at at the end of the cycle. the end of the cycle.

The willow clones utilized had greater productivity than the The willow clones utilized had greater productivity than the poplars.poplars.

Thank you for your attention

Documents

STUDIES OF POPLAR AND WILLOW SHORT ROTATION COPPICE … · SHORT ROTATION COPPICE ESTABLISHMENT. 23rd Session of the International Poplar Commission “Poplars, Willows and People's