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Studies From Hebrews
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Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews
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VIVIIVIIIIXX
Copyright © 2005. Permission is granted from the author for free distribution of this material, but only as it appears.
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Overview• God’s final & “improved” message is found
in this epistle• Jesus promised to fulfill the Law Mt 5:17-19• It eventually had to “vanish away” Heb 8:13
• God’s covenant through Christ supersedes all His other covenants
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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Overview• The book’s intent is found in its title
• Written to Jewish Christians to warn against a return to the Law…an inferior covenant 6:4-6
Purpose• Readers are “exhorted” to be faithful 13:22
cp. 6:1-6 10:26-31 Gal 5:4
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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Theme• “God…has spoken” 1:1-2
• He has always revealed His will to man• Christ is His greatest and final Spokesman• Christ has solved our greatest problems
• Sin problem His sacrifice 9:13-14 10:11-12• Access problem the sanctuary 9:11-12, 23-24
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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Author• He is anonymous• Yet, we know some details about him
• He was familiar with his readers 5:12 6:9• He was familiar with Timothy 13:23• He had been with his readers previously, and
longed to see them again 13:19
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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Author• The apostle Paul has long been the most
“popular choice” among candidates• Yet, he may not have been the author
2:3 cp. Gal 1:11-17
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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Date• Internal evidence suggests a date before the
destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70• Numerous references to sacrifices, priesthood
cp. 7:8 9:6-10 13:10• There was something in the future still to
“vanish away” 8:13
Lesson 1 – General Introduction
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• God has always spoken 1:1-2a• He has chosen different ways, methods
• Directly Gen 2:16 6:13-14• Through a bush (Ex 3:4)…a cloud (Deut 5:22)…
even a donkey (Num 22:28)
• He now speaks to us through His Son
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• God has spoken through His Son in the “last days” 1:2a• An important Biblical time period to understand
• Mentioned elsewhere Gen 49:1,10 Isa 2:2 Dan 2:28, 44 Joel 2:28 (Acts 2:17) 2 Pet 3:3
• Premillennialists misuse this phrase…we are in the “last days” NOW
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3• Heir of all things cp. Psa 2:8• Creator of all things cp. Jn 1:3 Col 1:16• Reflector of God’s glory, “radiance”
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3• Exact representation of His nature cp. Jn 14:9
Col 1:15 2:9• Upholder of all created things cp. Col 1:17
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Christ is declared to be much superior to angels 1:4• His name is “more excellent” than theirs
• This point is significant, given the impact angels had on the Mosaic covenantActs 7:53 Gal 3:19
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• What angel was ever told, “Thou art My Son?”
v. 5a Psa 2:7 cp. Acts 13:33• What angel was ever told, “I am your Father?”
v. 5b 2 Sam 7:14
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• Angels told to worship the Son v. 6
Deut 32:43 Psa 97:7• Angels = servants v. 7 Psa 104:4• Son addressed as “God” vv. 8-9 Psa 45:6-7
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• Son = Creator, imperishable vv. 10-12
Psa 102:25-27• What angel was ever told, “Sit at My right
hand?” v. 13 Psa 110:1 cp. Mt 22:41-46 Acts 2:34-35
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Angels = “ministering spirits” 1:14• They serve those who will inherit salvation
• Physical service? 2 Pet 1:3• Concern for our salvation Lk 15:10• Stand before heaven’s throne Mt 18:10• Assistance on our journey to Paradise Lk 16:22
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• We must be attentive to what He says v. 1a• If not, we will “drift away” v. 1b
• Proof one can be lost after he/she is saved (Denies “Once Saved, Always Saved” doctrine)
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• What was spoken through angels was “sure”…
how much more what the Son says? vv. 2-3a• We have no escape if we “neglect” the word of
salvation cp. Mt 22:5
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• Christ’s message has been confirmed vv. 3b-4
• At first by Jesus Himself Mt 4:17, 23• Also by His witnesses Acts 1:8• Finally by signs & wonders Mk 16:20
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4
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• “Man” (in general) was given dominion over the world vv. 5-8a• As proof, the author quotes from Psa 8:4-6• The “world to come” = the gospel age, where
man is to have dominion cp. Eph 1:3 2:4-6 1 Cor 3:18-23
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• “At present, we do not yet see everything in subjection to him” v. 8b• Man’s dominion was lost when he rebelled in
sin against God Gen 1:26-28 3:17-19
• “But we see Him…” v. 9a• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• Crowned with glory & honor through sufferings• Brought many sons to glory
(restored our dominion we lost in sin)• Man’s “captain”, “leader”, “founder”, “author”
cp. Heb 12:2 Acts 3:15 5:31
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• He acknowledges us as “brethren”
cp. Psa 22:22 Isa 8:17-18• He is “Sanctifier”…we are the “sanctified” v. 11
• He shares “flesh and blood” with us
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• He died for 2 main reasons vv. 14-15
• To “render powerless” or “destroy” him who had the power of death the devil v. 14
• To “deliver” or “release” those held captive through the fear of death v. 15 cp. Rom 6:16-17, 23
Jn 8:34
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• His “destruction” of Satan was not an
annihilation cp. 2 Cor 2:11 Eph 6:11-12, 16 1 Pet 5:8 1 Jn 5:19
• His “destruction” of Satan rendered him “powerless” in death cp. 1 Cor 15:54-57
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• Jesus, Our High Priest 2:16-17• He was made like His brethren human• He became a “merciful & faithful High Priest”
• He made “propitiation” (satisfying atonement)• He understands man’s plight in suffering, being
tempted cp. 4:14-16
Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman
His Humanity 2:5-18
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• Jesus = “High Priest & Apostle” v. 1• “High Priest” = mediator cp. 2:17-18• “Apostle” = one sent officially cp. Jn 7:16-18
20:21
• In a word, Jesus is “superior” to Mosesvv. 2-6
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6
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• Jesus’ superiority to Moses vv. 2-6• Christ is “builder” cp. 1:2, 10• Moses = “servant in house” v. 5 Num 12:7• Christ = “Son over house” v. 6 Eph 1:22-23• Moses “testified” to Christ’s superiority v. 5
cp. Deut 18:18-19 Acts 3:19-26
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6
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• The author illustrates the meaning of “being faithful as God’s house” vv. 6, 7-11• He quotes Psa 95:7-11• Overall, O.T. Israel was rebellious, obstinate• Finally, God declares “No rest” for them
cp. Num 14:23 Deut 12:9
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19
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• The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15• We must “take care” to avoid unbelief, evil• We must “exhort” each other while it is “Today”• We must guard against being “hardened by the
deceitfulness of sin”
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19
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• The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15• The main concern taught here is apostasy
• The only safeguard against apostasy is to continue to “hear His voice” v. 15 cp. Jn 10:27-29
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19
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• The author summarizes in vv. 16-18• Rhetorical questions are asked to illustrate the
obvious truthfulness of what he has written
• The author concludes in v. 19• O.T. Israel failed to see “God’s rest” because of
unbelief
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19
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• “Therefore” segways between 3:18-19 & 4:1• Since O.T. Israel failed to enter God’s rest, His
promise still stands open, available• We should “fear” lest we repeat Israel’s mistake
• Israel also had “good news preached to them”• They did not unite the message with faith 4:2
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13
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• That some did not enter, enjoy God’s rest is not due to a failure by God 4:3b cp. 3:19• Proven by the Scripture 4:4-5
• The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7• The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still
available to believers 4:7-9
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13
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• The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7• The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still
available to believers 4:7-9 David still wrote of “Today” long after Israel failed God would not have spoken of a rest to come if
the one provided through Joshua had been His intentions
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13
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• Based on exhortations in 3:7- 4:10, believers must “strive to enter this rest” 4:11• Israel’s disobedience is given as an example• We can repeat their mistake if we are equally
faithless in listening to God, His Son cp. 2:1-3
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13
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• The writer gives believers great motivation to be faithful to God, enter His rest 4:12-13• God will not be fooled by hypocrisy, negligence
• His word knows us thoroughly, is able to discern our innermost thoughts, intents v. 12
• God Himself is behind His word’s power v. 13
Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman
Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13
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• Jesus “passed through the heavens” 4:14• Duties of the high priest cp. Lev 16:12• Christ is now in the real most holy place
cp. 9:23-24
• Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16
Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman
Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10
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• Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16• Our high priest sympathizes with our
weaknesses, Himself also tempted…yet w/o sin• He is the perfect Advocate cp. Heb 7:25 1 Jn 2:1
• Therefore, we can approach God confidently
Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman
Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10
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• God’s priests must be qualified 5:1-4 They must be selected from among men v. 1 They must deal gently with the wayward since
they are beset with same weaknesses v. 2 They must be divinely appointed v. 4
Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman
Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10
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• Christ meets God’s qualifications as our High Priest 5:5-7• He didn’t exalt Himself cp. Phil 2:6-9• He was beset with weaknesses while human
cp. Heb 4:15 Mk 14:33-36
• Christ learned obedience 5:8
Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman
Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10
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• Through His obedience, Jesus was made perfect (complete) & “author” (source) 5:9• Salvation is for those who do as He did…obey
• To further prove Christ’s priesthood, a discussion of Melchizedek is begun 5:10
Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman
Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10
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• The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek• Though he had “much to say,” he had to pause
to address some remedial issues in his readers• His readers had become “dull of hearing” or
sluggish (spiritually lazy) 5:11b cp. 6:12
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek• The author reminds his readers of the dietary
limitations of babies 5:13-14• Only the mature can handle “meat”• Only the mature have trained their senses
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• The Christian must eventually graduate from “elementary principles” 6:1-8 cp. 5:12b• Sluggish saints need remedial learning 6:1-2• “If God wills…” means disciples can mature,
but they must put forth effort 6:3 cp. 5:14• To not grow = apostasy 6:4-6
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• Apostasy is grimly portrayed in 6:6-8• To fall away = to “re-crucify Christ” v. 6
• It would nullify His death for sin• It is done “to ourselves” or “to our own harm”
• Apostasy always brings consequences vv. 7-8
• Yet, there is hope 6:9-12
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• Yet, there is hope 6:9-12• We can be “earnest” (not sluggish) v. 11• We can “imitate” other faithful saints v. 12• We can have hope for the future v. 10
Our past faithful service to God, others bodes well God won’t overlook such faithful service
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• His promises are sure, unbreakable
• Illustrated by His promises to Abraham vv. 13-14• He guaranteed them by swearing an oath• Abraham’s reaction is an example to us v. 15
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• He has confirmed Himself vv. 16-18
• His heirs are “convinced” of His immutable purpose• Two immutable things assure us to believe in Him
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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His promise His oathcp. Mt 24:35 1 Pet 1:23-25
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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• We are encouraged to “hold fast to the end”
• Our soul, hope has an anchor 6:19-20• We can go to where our Melchizedek-like Priest
has gone…behind the veil
Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20
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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• He was “king” as well as “priest” v. 1a• Abraham paid him tithes vv. 1b-2 cp. Gen 14• His priesthood is perpetual v. 3• Jesus is Priest “after the order of Melchizedek”
cp. Zech 6:13
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his
“greatness” vv. 4-10• Aaronic priests were to receive tithes v. 5 Num 18• Yet, Abraham paid Melchizedek tithes vv. 6-7
• The “lesser was blessed by the greater” cp. Gen 14:19
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his
“greatness” vv. 4-10• Aaronic priests received tithes as mortal men while
Melchizedek received tithes as one who lives v. 8• Even Aaronic priests “paid tithes” to Melchizedek
through Abraham vv. 9-10
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• The law has changed vv. 11-14
• If Mosaic Law could perfect man, the priesthood wouldn’t have changed from Aaron to Melchizedek
• The Law couldn’t perfect 7:18-19 Rom 8:3 Gal 3:21
• Since the priesthood has changed, the law has necessarily changed also
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• The law has changed vv. 11-14
• v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority• The “One of whom we speak” = Jesus v. 13• He belonged to another tribe (Judah), from which no
one ever served at the altar
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• The law has changed vv. 11-14
• v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority• Moses “said nothing” about men from Judah serving
as priests under the Law• Therefore, God’s silence is AUTHORITATIVE…it is
prohibitive, not permissive
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25
• Not a priest by “legal requirement, bodily descent” but by “power of indestructible life” v. 16
• Therefore, the “old commandment” is set aside in favor of the “better hope” vv. 18-19
• Witnessed by an oath vv. 20-21
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25
• He is “guarantor” of a better covenant v. 22• He alone is sufficient as Priest because He endures
forever vv. 23-24 cp. 1:10-12 13:8• He (unlike the Law) is “able to save” because He is
always interceding for us v. 25
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28
• He is “holy” [set apart to God; sanctified]• He is “innocent” [undefiled; blameless; w/o guilt]• He is “unstained” [having no sin]• He is “separated from sinners” [not among them]
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28
• He is “exalted above the heavens” [rewarded]• He officiated re: sacrifices only once compared to
Aaronic priests• He was appointed by an “oath” versus “law”
Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28
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• The Realm Of Our High Priest: HEAVEN vv. 1-5
• The Covenant Of Our High Priest: BETTERvv. 6-13
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A Brief Outline Of 8:1-13
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• The “point” the author has been trying to make…Jesus is exalted as High Priest v. 1a• He is now seated at God’s right hand v. 1b
cp. 1:3-4• The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus
being at God’s right hand
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus being at God’s right hand
• 5 times in this book Heb 1:3, 13 8:1 10:12 12:2• Preached by Peter Acts 2:30-36• Witnessed by Stephen Acts 7:55• Written by Paul Eph 1:20-23• Assured to the end Heb 10:11-14
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• Jesus is also “minister” of the holy places… built by God, not man vv. 2-4 cp. 9:23-24• This “Minister” (High Priest) deals with the sins
of men by offering sacrifices v. 3• He had something to offer…Himself cp. 7:27
• He could not serve as Priest on earth v. 4
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The earthly realm of Aaronic priests was inferior v. 5• Yes, it was true to the “pattern” cp. Ex 25:40• But, it was only a “shadow of the true”• Therefore, the Mosaic covenant is inferior to the
gospel cp. Heb 10:1 Col 2:17
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• Christ serves in the superior realm (heaven), not the inferior realm (earth) v. 6• He has a “more excellent ministry”• He mediates a “better covenant” cp. 1 Tim 2:5
• Moses mediated the 1st covenant cp. Gal 3:19• This covenant is enacted on “better promises”
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34
• The Mosaic covenant was good cp. Rom 7:12• The Mosaic covenant was also “weak” or “useless”
in that it couldn’t bring man permanent fellowship with God cp. Heb 7:18-19
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A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34
• The Mosaic covenant wasn’t inherently faulty• The fault was in fact “with them” (the people)… not
“with it” (the covenant) Heb. 8:8-9
Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant
A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34• The covenants are not the same Heb 8:9
• The gospel is not a “warmed over repetition”• The gospel is not a “continuation” of the Law
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A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It is recorded better v. 10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3
• On hearts, not tablets of stone• It was easier to “internalize”
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A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It involves people already taught v. 11
• 2nd covenant adherents are more enlightened cp. Mt 28:20 Jn 6:45
• Compare to 1st covenant adherents Lev 12:3 Josh 4:6-7, 20-24
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A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It offers complete forgiveness v. 12
• No annual reminder of sins• E.g. the sin of adultery Lev 20:10
1 Cor 6:9-11
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A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13
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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• Size of furniture Ex 25-27, 30• Placement of furnishings Ex 40• Frequency of access Lev 16• Ingredients Ex 27, 30, 38
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• Quality of sacrificial animals Lev 4, 22• “Of this…” the author will not speak v. 5b
• His audience was already familiar with this way• His aim is to emphasize the “new”
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The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10
• As long as the “old” remained, the “new” (true) could not be accessed
• Hasn’t the “new way” already been opened up by Christ? v. 24
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10
• Worshipers under the “old” could not be perfected• Worship focused on the outward, physical v. 9b• A “reformation” was in order v. 10 cp. Gal 3:19-25
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Access to the “true tabernacle” vv. 11-12
• His blood opened the way cp. 4:14, 16
A “cleansed conscience” vv. 13-14• Accomplished at baptism cp. 1 Pet 3:21
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Past saints were redeemed v. 15
• They finally gained redemption cp. 10:4
His “last will & testament” was ratified vv. 16-17 cp. Gal 3:15
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The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17
• The plan has always been eternal 2 Tim 1:9• While living, Jesus made exceptions to the
“will” cp. Mt 9:6 Lk 23:42-43
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The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17
• As Testator, Christ’s death ratified His will• After He died, the conditions for the inheritance
were set cp. Mt 28:19-20 Mk 16:15-16 Lk 24:46-47
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The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17
• Man-made denominationalism destroys this concept of Christ’s “last will & testament”
• They try to change the terms of the will• It is not theirs to change cp. Gal 3:15
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• Blood is vital for any covenant vv. 18-26• Without blood, there is no ratifying v. 18
• Moses so ratified the 1st covenant vv. 19-22• Even more, Christ’s covenant has been ratified by
His own blood vv. 23-26• Therefore, His covenant is far superior to Moses’
vv. 24-25
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The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• Christ’s death was “one time” vv. 27-28• Just as man dies once, so, too, has Christ• His earthly appearances had different purposes
• 1st appearance = “to bear the sins of many”• 2nd appearance = “apart from sin…” or for
purpose of salvation
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28
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• The 1st covenant was “a shadow…” and not the “true reality” v. 1a cp. Col 2:17
• The 1st covenant could not “make perfect those who drew near” v. 1b• It could not remove sin, its guilt vv. 2-4• Cp. to the 2nd covenant 8:12
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18
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• Therefore, Christ came into the world v. 5a• He was made like His brethren cp. 2:14-17
• This was the Divine plan vv. 5b-8• A fulfillment of prophecy cp. Psa 40:6-8• God is pleased by obedience, not by “rituals”
of sacrifices & offerings
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18
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• In doing His Father’s will, Jesus “abolished” the 1st covenant & “established” the 2nd covenant v. 9
• “By this will,…” we have been sanctified (set apart from sin) v. 10
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18
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• Priests stand daily offering same sacrifices repeatedly v. 11
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18Aaronic Priesthood Christ’s Priesthood
• Jesus offered Himself once, then sat down v. 12
• Offered sacrifices which can not take away sins v. 11
• Offered a single sacrifice that perfects those being sanctified v. 14
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• Christ’s superiority over Moses is verified by testimony from the Holy Spirit vv. 15-17• He quotes again from Jer 31:33-34
• The conclusion is stated in v. 18• When forgiveness has occurred, there is no
longer a need for sacrifice
Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant
The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18
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PRIVILEGES We have “confidence to enter the holy
place by the blood of Jesus” v. 19
We have “a great High Priest over the house of God” v. 21
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• The “holy place” we may confidently enter is heaven itself v. 19 cp. 9:24• It is to enter “boldly” cp. 4:14, 16• All made possible by Jesus “opening up the
way for us” v. 20 cp. 2:10 Jn 14:3, 6• Jesus is our “veil”
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Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• He is “Priest” over the house of God• He is always before God, making intercession
for us v. 21 cp. 7:25• We are this house “if we hold fast our
confidence to the end” cp. 3:6
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Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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OBLIGATIONS We must “draw near with a true heart in
full assurance of faith” v. 22
We must “hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering” v. 23
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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OBLIGATIONS We must “consider how to stir up (provoke)
each other to love and good works” v. 24
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• We draw near with a “true” heart v. 22• It is to be devoted, straight forward Mt 5:8• It is to be single-minded Mt 6:19-23• It is to avoid double-mindedness that keeps
one out of the kingdom Jas 1:7-8 4:8
• Cp. Psa 24:3-4a
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• Who may draw near to God? v. 22• Those who have had their hearts sprinkled
clean from an evil conscience cp. 9:13-14• Those who have been washed with pure water
cp. Acts 22:16 1 Pet 3:21• God draws those who are taught Jn 6:44-45
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Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• We need to “hold fast without wavering” because the danger of apostasy is always lurking near v. 23a cp. Mk 14:27-31• We also must hold our faith steady in the face
of a mocking, scornful world cp. 2 Pet 3:3-4
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Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• The incentive for us to “hold fast” is the faithfulness of God’s promises v. 23b• The practical way to “hold fast” is to assemble
with fellow believers vv. 24-25 cp. Eccl 4:9-12• We “provoke” or “stir up,” “encourage” each other• We must not “forsake” this duty
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25
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• “Willful sin” results when saints do not endure through faith v. 26• If we so sin, what else can be done for us?
cp. 6:4-6• It is deliberate, intentional sin• It is rejection, not ignorance
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• Guilty saints will not enjoy the “privileges” mentioned earlier cp. vv. 19-21
• Rather, they will receive “a certain terrifying expectation of judgment” v. 27 Isa 26:11• The judgment day seems to be the “day” the
author discussed in v. 25
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• God’s fierce anger is directed & justified against covenant breakers v. 28• It was under Moses’ covenant cp. Deut 17:2-7
• A reminder from 2:1-3
• That being so, guilty saints today can expect “…a much severer punishment…” v. 29
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• The author describes the guilty and their “willful sin” v. 29• Those who have…
• …“spurned, or trampled under foot the Son of God”• …“profaned, or regarded His blood as common”• …“outraged, or insulted the Spirit of grace”
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• God’s judgment against such “willful sinners” is certain, guaranteed vv. 30-31• He will have His revenge cp. Deut 32:35• It would be terrifying to fall into His hands• Rather, being in the hands of God should be
comforting cp. 2 Sam 24:10-14
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• They had “endured through sufferings”
• Because of their own faithfulness publicly• Because of their associations with other believers
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The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• Their endurance helped them “…joyfully accept
the seizure of their own property”
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The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• They accepted their loss because they had “a
better possession, an abiding one” Mt 6:19-21Col 3:1-2 Heb 11:13-16 Phil 3:18b-20
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• Therefore, saints must never “throw away our confidence” vv. 35-36• It has a “great reward”• They “live by faith” vv. 37-38 cp. Hab 2:3-4• They must not “shrink back to destruction”
v. 39
Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant
The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39
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• Explanation of such faith vv. 1-2• The “assurance” or “substance” of our hopes
• Something that stands under, supports; something that serves as a foundation or substructure
• The “evidence” or “conviction” of the unseen• A legal term re: cross-examination of witnesses to
establish truth, testimony
Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant
Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• One cannot even please God without it
• If we want to come near God (cp. 10:22; 4:16), we must believe that God exists, rewards those who seek Him
• To “seek” God is to seek His will
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• “Seeking God” involves…
• …putting His kingdom above material thingsMt 6:33
• …selling all we have to be in His kingdom Mt 13:45-46
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• “Seeking God” involves…
• …seeking Him as our Father Acts 17:24-27• …seeking heavenly things above earthly Col 3:1-2• …seeking the eternal home God has planned for us
Heb 11:13-16 13:14
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• We accept creation by faith v. 3 cp. Psa 33:6• Abel offered his sacrifice by faith v. 4
• He obviously obeyed God cp. Rom 10:17
• Enoch walked with, pleased God by faith v. 5• He was spared physical death
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Noah reverently believed, obeyed God v. 7
• He even tried saving others cp. 2 Pet 2:5• His godly fear saved himself, his family
• Abraham obeyed in faith vv. 8-10• He trusted God, agreed to live as a “pilgrim”
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Abraham had faith when God’s commands
were difficult vv. 17-19• He believed God would work everything out
• Sarah had faith in God vv. 11-12• Her advanced age was no hindrance for God
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Such faithful servants died “in faith” vv. 13-16
• They did not receive what God had promised them• They “saw” God’s promise from afar v. 13 cp. v. 1• They accepted their roles as “strangers”• They looked for (longed for) their home v. 16
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Isaac had this faith at his death v. 20
• He blessed his sons with a view of God’s promise
• Jacob had this faith at his death v. 21• He blessed Joseph’s sons as his own, included
them in the future inheritance
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Joseph had this faith at his death v. 22
• He made Israel promise to take his bones to Canaan
• Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28• He was hidden by his parents’ faith v. 23• He decided on his identity by this faith vv. 24-26
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28
• He left Egypt for safety with this faith v. 27• He obeyed God re: the 10th plague with faith v. 28
• Israel had this faith at the Red Sea v. 29• Israel had this faith at Jericho v. 30
Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant
Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Rahab sought God with this faith v. 31
• She believed, kept her part of the agreement
• Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34• Gideon believed in his 300 men Judg 7-8• Samson was protected as long as he acted in faith
Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant
Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
Judg 13-16
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34
• David slew a giant with this faith 1 Sam 16-17• All of God’s prophets had to have this faith to
deliver what was most of the time an unpopular message…a stern rebuke and call for repentance
cp. Jer 20:7-10
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38
• Some received back their dead by this faithcp. 1 Kings 17 2 Kings 4
• Some were tortured, stoned cp. 2 Chron 24• Some were sawn in two (Isaiah, by tradition)
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38
• Some were killed with the sword cp. 1 Kings 19• Some wandered about in pitiful clothing, dwelling in
caves and the mountains cp. 2 Kings 1• Of all these servants, “…the world was not worthy”
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• Encouragement of such faith vv. 39-40• Despite their faithfulness, these servants did
not receive what was promised v. 39• Not because God failed them, but because God “…
has provided something better for us” v. 40• This emphasizes God’s eternal plan cp. Gen 12:3
Gal 3:7-9, 22-29
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Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40
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• N.T. Christians today have a “…great cloud of witnesses” to help with their faith v. 1a• These “witnesses” are those listed in ch. 11• Their “testimony” is the type of faith God
desires in His people• Especially relevant cp. 11:13-16, 39
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Example Of Christ 12:1-3
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• These “witnesses” ran their race v. 1b• “Let us also…” run our race of faith
• To run, we must “lay aside sin” because it is weighty, cumbersome
• N.T. Christianity is a marathon, not a sprintcp. Phil 1:30 1 Tim 6:12 2 Tim 4:7
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Example Of Christ 12:1-3
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• To finish our race, we have Jesus v. 2• “Look” = to look away from all other things,
looking only at one• Jesus is our example to follow…our goal, aim
• AUTHOR captain, leader cp. 2:10 Acts 3:15• FINISHER consummator, standard setter
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Example Of Christ 12:1-3
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• Jesus was perfected through sufferings v. 2• He “endured the cross”• He “despised the shame” cp. Phil 2:8• He had “…joy set before Him” cp. Eph 1:20-23• We also have eternal joy that awaits us
cp. 2 Cor 4:16-18
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Example Of Christ 12:1-3
WE MUST ENDURE
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• Therefore, we must “…consider Jesus” v. 3• We compare what He did to how we face our
challenges• He endured, did not quit• We must not “grow weary or fainthearted”
cp. 10:36
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Example Of Christ 12:1-3
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• The Hebrew Christians had suffered, but not yet to bloodshed v. 4 cp. 10:32-33
• They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12
• God disciplines His children to show love, not to cause them to quit
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17
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• They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12
• Discipline isn’t a sign of Divine disapproval• Discipline reveals God’s care, establishes the
Father-child relationship, and helps us develop our character cp. Jas 1:2-4
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17
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• Discipline from God has a purpose vv. 7-10• It makes our endurance possible v. 7• It legitimizes us as God’s children v. 8• It causes us to respect God as our Father v. 9• It allows us to share in His holiness v. 10
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17
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• Discipline may seem unpleasant, but it does yield the “fruit of righteousness” v. 11
• The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17• We are “lifted” & “strengthened” v. 12
cp. Isa 35:3-4• It straightens our paths v. 13 cp. Prov 4:25-27
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17
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• The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17• We have peace with others…we are allowed to
see the Lord v. 14• We obtain the “grace of God” v. 15• We avoid the pitfall into which Esau fell
vv. 16-17 cp. Gen 25:29-34 Heb 6:4-6
Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations
The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17
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• Mt. Sinai vv. 18-21• We have not come to such a terrifying place
• Israel did vv. 18-19 cp. Ex. 19• There, God “challenged” His people Ex 19:5-6• Access to God was limited v. 20 cp. 9:6-9• It is different with us today cp. 4:14-16 10:19-20
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24
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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• We have come to…
• …the city of the living God v. 22• …myriads of angels v. 22• …general assembly & church of firstborn enrolled
v. 23
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24
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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• We have come to…
• …God, the Judge of all v. 23• …spirits of righteous men made perfect v. 23• …Jesus, our Mediator v. 24• …sprinkled blood that speaks better v. 24
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24
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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• It is the city built by God for which we yearn
cp. 11:10 Jn 5:3-4 Heb 11:14 13:14• Numberless angelic servants await cp. 1:14• Those enrolled in the “Lamb’s Book” are there
cp. Phil 4:3 Rev 3:5
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24
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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• Departed faithful saints await cp. 11:13, 39-40
1 Thess 4:13 Rev 14:13• Our Mediator & His blood await cp. 1 Tim 2:5
• Blood declaring mercy & pardon, not crying out for vengeance cp. Gen 4:10 Mt 26:28
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24
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• As a result, saints must not “refuse Him who speaks” v. 25• Moses warned from earth…Jesus warns from
heaven cp. 1:2• As Israel could not escape Moses’ words, we
will not escape Jesus’ words cp. 2:1-3
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29
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• God shook the earth at Mt. Sinai vv. 26-27• “Yet once more” He will shake heaven & earth
• Quotation from Hag 2:6
• The created will be shaken, removed so that which cannot be shaken (the N.T. kingdom) may remain cp. Dan 2:44 Mt 24:35 Lk 1:33
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29
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• Therefore, saints today need to show their gratitude for the Lord’s kingdom v. 28• We are motivated to “offer to God acceptable
service, with reverence & awe” v. 29• We show our gratefulness & faithfulness by
enduring, not falling away
Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations
The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29
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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1
• It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34
• We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2• Especially to strangers• Some had entertained angels cp. Gen 18 & 19
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1
• It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34
• We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2• God expects N.T. saints to practice this regularly
cp. Rom 12:13 1 Pet 4:9 1 Tim 3:2 3 Jn 5-8
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must remember the needy v. 3
• Those in prison cp. Mt 25:34-40, 41-45• Those who are mistreated cp. Lk 10:25-37
• We must hold marriage “in honor” v. 4• Especially relevant in promiscuous societies
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must learn “contentment” vv. 5-6
• We must be “free from the love of money”cp. Phil 4:10-13 1 Tim 6:6-10, 17 Prov
23:4-5• Tragedies result when we love wealth Lk 12:13-21• God reassures us He won’t abandon us v. 5b-6
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must “remember those who led us” v. 7
• We consider their faith…emulate them cp. 11:4
• We must remember Jesus’ “constancy” v. 8• His faithfulness is what supports all our spiritual
relationships, gives them meaning
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must not be led away by false doctrine v. 9
• These Jewish saints were troubled over doctrines re: food cp. Col 2:16-17 1 Cor 8:8 Rom 14:17
• Such teachings won’t benefit those who are devoted to them…only God’s grace benefits us
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside the
camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• Our “altar” = Jesus’ sacrifice
• Those who cling to the Law have no part at this altar
• O.T. sacrifices were “burned outside the camp” v. 11cp. Lev 16:27
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside the
camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• Likewise, Jesus also suffered “outside the city”v. 12
cp. Jn 19:20• We must “go to Him” bearing reproach vv. 13-14
cp. Mt 10:34-39 Heb 11:24-26
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside
the camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• At our altar, we “sacrifice” to God…
• …the fruit of our lips, praise to Him v. 15 cp. 10:25• …the service to the needs of others v. 16 cp. 6:10
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We gladly submit to our elders v. 17
• Their work is weighty…they “watch for our souls”• We should “esteem them highly” 1 Thess 5:12-13• To make their task unpleasant, cause them grief
“would be unprofitable for us”
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• The author requests that these Hebrew saints
pray for him v. 18• Especially he desired this “…that I may be restored
to you the sooner” v. 19• Obviously, he had been with them previously
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• The author’s final exhortation v. 20
• God is the “God of peace”• He has “raised Jesus from the dead”• He has established Him as “the great Shepherd”• He has applied “the blood of the eternal covenant”
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• As a result of God’s actions, He has “made us
complete” or “equipped us” for every good work v. 21
• He still “works in us that which is pleasing” to Him
• We should “bear with such exhortations” v. 22
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25
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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• Timothy had been released v. 23
• The author hoped to come to these Hebrew saints with Timothy shortly
• The author sent greetings to the leaders, and “those from Italy” also sent greetings v. 24
Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations
Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25