Student Training Manual - Newport TaeKwon-Do · PDF filew w w . n e w p o r t t k d . c o . u k Page 2 FOUNDATION OF TAE KWON-DO Tae Kwon-do is a Korean martial art, which although

Student Training Manual

w w w . n e w p o r t t k d . c o . u k

Page 2

FOUNDATION OF TAE KWON-DO

Tae Kwon-do is a Korean martial art, which although having roots in the ancient orient, was

developed as a modern art from the eight Kwans of Korea. Tae Kwon-Do was inaugurated on

April 11th 1955 following extensive research and development by the founder. It was

introduced into the United Kingdom by Master Rhee Ki Ha in 1967. The TAGB (Tae Kwon-

Do Association Of Great Britain) was formed in 1983 and was the founder member of the

British Tae Kwon-Do Council (BTC) on April 21st 1988. The BTC is recognised by the Sports

Council. The TAGB is a member of Tae Kwon-do international, a world wide body with

representation in every continent of the globe. TKD International was inaugurated on

November 13th 1993.

WHAT IS TAE KWON-DO

It is a version of an ancient form of unarmed combat practised for many centuries in the

Orient. Tae Kwon-Do became perfected in it's present form in Korea. Translated from Korean,

'Tae' literally means to jump, kick or smash with the foot. 'Kwon' means a fist- chiefly to

punch or destroy with the hand or fist. 'Do' means art, way or method. Tae Kwon-Do indicates

the techniques of unarmed combat for self-defence, involving the skilled application of

punches, kicks, blocks, dodges and interception with the hand, arms and feet to the rapid

destruction of the opponent.

To the Korean people Tae Kwon-Do is more than a mere use of skilled movements. It also

implies a way of thinking and life, particularly in instilling a concept and spirit of strict self-

imposed discipline and an ideal of noble moral re-armament. In these days of violence and

intimidation, which seems to plague our modern societies, Tae Kwon-Do enables the weak to

possess a fine weapon to defend himself or herself and defeat the opponent as well. When

wrongly applied it can be a lethal weapon.

THE TENETS OF TAE KWON-DO

COURTESY (Ye ui) - To be polite to ones' instructors, seniors and fellow students.

Tae Kwon-Do students should attempt to practice the following elements of etiquette:

To promote the spirit of mutual concessions.

To be ashamed of one's vice contempting that of other's.

To be polite to one another.

To encourage the sense of justice.

To distinguish the instructor from student and senior from junior.

INTEGRITY (Yom chi) - To be honest with oneself.

To be able to define right and wrong.

In Tae Kwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the one usually presented

in Weber's dictionary. One must be able to define right from wrong, and have the conscience,

if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some examples where integrity is lacking:

The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting improper techniques to his

students because of lack of knowledge or apathy.


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The student who misrepresents himself by 'fixing' breaking materials before demonstrations.

The instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious training halls and false flattery

to his students.

The student who requests rank from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it.

The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power.

The instructor that teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains.

PERSEVERANCE (In nae) - To achieve a goal, whether it is a higher grade or any

technique, one must not stop trying; one must persevere.

There is an old Oriental saying "Patience leads to virtue or merit. One can make a peaceful

home by being patient for 100 times." Certainly, happiness and prosperity are most likely

brought to the patient person. To achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the

perfection of a technique, one must set his goal then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce

learned his lesson of perseverance and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland in the

fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a leader of Tae Kwon-Do is

to overcome every difficulty by perseverance.

SELF CONTROL (Kuk gi) - To lose ones' temper when performing techniques against an

opponent can be very dangerous and shows lack of self control. To be able to live, work and

train within ones' capability shows good self control.

This tenet is extremely important inside the Dojang, whether conducting oneself in free

sparring or in one's personal affairs. A loss of self control in free sparring can prove disastrous

to both student and opponent. An inability to live and work within one's capability or sphere is

also a lack of self control.

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjul boolgool) - To show courage; when you and your

principles are pitted against overwhelming odds.

"Here lie 300 who did their duty." A simple epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage

known to mankind. Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes, Leonidas and his 300

Spartans at Thermopla showed the World the meaning of indomitable spirit. It is shown when

a courageous person and his principles are pitted against overwhelming odds. A serious

student of Tae Kwon-Do will at all times deal with the belligerent without any fear of

hesitation at all with indomitable spirit, regardless of whosoever and however many the

number be.

BELT ORDER AND MEANINGS

WHITE - Signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no previous

knowledge of Tae Kwon-Do.

YELLOW - Signifies Earth, from which a plant sprouts and takes root as Tae Kwon-Do

foundation is being laid.

GREEN - Signifies the plant's growth as Tae Kwon-Do skills begin to develop.

BLUE - Signifies the heaven towards which the plant matures into a towering tree as training

in Tae Kwon-Do progresses.


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RED Signifies danger, cautioning the student to exercise control, and warning the opponent to

stay away.

BLACK Opposite to white, therefore, signifying the maturity and proficiency in Tae Kwon-

Do. Also indicates the wearer's imperviousness to darkness and fear.

INTERNATIONAL TAE KWON-DO OATH

As a student of Tae Kwon-Do:

I shall observe the tenets of Tae Kwon-Do

I shall respect the instructor and seniors

I shall never misuse Tae Kwon-Do

I shall be a champion of freedom and justice

I shall build a more peaceful world

TAE KWON-DO OATH

As a student of Tae Kwon-Do I do solemnly pledge to abide by the rules and regulations of the

Tae Kwon-Do Association, to strive always to be modest, courteous and respectful to all

members, in particular my seniors, to put the art into use only for self defence or in defence of

the weak and never to abuse my knowledge of the art.

TIMES BETWEEN GRADINGS

10th Kup to 4th Kup - Three months each grade.

3rd Kup to 1st Dan - Six months each grade.

1st Dan to 2nd Dan - Two years.

2nd Dan to 3rd Dan - Three years.

3rd Dan to 4th Dan - Four years.

4th Dan to 5th Dan - Five years.

5th Dan to 6th Dan - Six years.

CONDUCT IN THE DOJANG

Every student must observe the following conduct in the Dojang in order to maintain an

orderly and effective training hall.

1. Upon entering, bow to the national flags

2. Bow to the instructor at a proper distance

3. Exchange greetings between students

4. Bow to the instructor upon forming a line before training

5. Meditate for one minute, sitting crossed legged after training

6. Bow to the instructor upon forming a line prior to dismissal

7. Bow to the national flags before leaving the dojang


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TEN POINTS TO BECOMING A GOOD STUDENT

1. Never tire of learning; a student must always be eager to learn and ask questions. A

good student can learn anywhere, anytime. This is the secret of knowledge.

2. A good student must be willing to sacrifice for his art and his instructor. Many students

feel that their training is a commodity bought with monthly fees, and are unwilling to

take part in any demonstrations, teaching or work around the Dojang. An instructor can

afford to lose this type of student.

3. Always set a good example to lower ranking students. It is only natural that they attempt

to emulate their seniors.

4. Always be loyal and never criticise the instructor, Tae Kwon-Do or the teaching

methods.

5. If an instructor teaches a technique, practise it and attempt to utilize it.

6. Remember that a students conduct outside the Dojang reflects on the art and the

instructor.

7. If a student adopts a technique from another Dojang and the instructor disapproves of it,

the student must discard it immediately, or train in the Dojang where it was learnt.

8. Never be disrespectful to the instructor. Although a student is allowed to disagree with

the instructor, he must first follow the instruction, then discuss the matter later.

9. Always arrive before training is due to start, and ensure that you have a good attendance

record.

10. Never break a trust.

RULES OF THE DOJANG

1. No smoking inside the Dojang.

2. No gum chewing.

3. No jewellery may be worn during class.

4. No shoes to be worn in the dojang at any time.

5. Students should never leave class for a break, water or an early dismissal without

permission.

6. Never lose your temper in the Dojang - especially during sparring.

7. Never lean on walls or lay spread out on the floor unless while exercising.

8. Students must keep finger and toe nails clipped short and clean.

9. Keep your uniform clean at all times.

10. No horse-play, whistling or loud talking in the Dojang.

11. No talking during class except to ask a question.

12. Before asking a question, raised your right hand to attract the instructor's attention.

13. While in the Dojang, always address the instructor as 'Sir' or 'Mr' using the instructors

surname.

14. Students should behave in a disciplined manner while training.

15. Bow to the flag before entering or leaving the Dojang.

16. Respect all members of senior grade.

17. While fixing your Dobok or belt do not face your instructor.

18. Any student who is late for class must get the instructor's permission and bow to the

instructor before joining the class.


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YOUR TAE KWON-DO ASSOCIATION

There are over 400 schools in the Tae Kwon-Do association of Great Britain (TAGB).

The TAGB is a founder member of the "British TKD Council" (BTC).

The BTC is the only organisation recognised by the Sports Council as the governing body for

TKD in the United Kingdom.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. All students must complete and sign the relevant application forms prior to commencing

training.

2. All students must be in possession of a TAGB membership and record card after their

first four weeks of training.

3. Subscriptions to be paid in the first week of every month. Failure to do so will incur a

penalty fee.

4. The build up of arrears is not accepted.

5. One month's prior notice must be given for adjustment of fees owing to holidays etc.

6. Any student not attending lessons and not paying fees for a continuous period of two

months or more, shall pay a re-enrolment fee before being allowed to re-commence

training.

7. No smoking, eating, drinking or wearing of jewellery, rings etc. in the dojang.

8. Whilst wearing a dobok NO SMOKING is permitted regardless of the place. (dojang,

tournament, demonstration etc.)

9. When eating or drinking whilst wearing a dobok your belt must be removed.

10. After the first grading a dobok must be worn during training in the dojang, wearing

tracksuits or outside clothes is not permitted, unless prior permission has been obtained

from the instructor.

11. The most senior member present will commence training sessions promptly until the

instructor arrives.

12. Misuse of the Art will result in disciplinary action.

13. Grading will depend on attendance and the instructors discretion as well as technical

ability.

14. No student may officially change schools without completing a transfer form and

obtaining prior permission from both instructors concerned.

15. All students should be in possession of a Students Handbook from the TAGB after their

first grading.

THE OFFICIALS OF THE TAGB

CHAIRMAN: Mr David Oliver

VICE CHAIRMAN: Mr Michael Dew

TREASURER: Mr Ron Sergiew

NATIONAL SECRETARY: Mr Donald Atkins

LIASON OFFICER: Mr Paul Donnelly

NATIONAL COACH: Mr Kenny Walton


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The Reason for 24 Patterns

THE FOUNDER OF TAE KWON-DO IS

MAJOR GENERAL CHOI HONG HI 9th DAN

The life of a human being, perhaps 100 years, can be considered as a day when compared with

eternity. Therefore, we mortals are no more than simple travellers who

pass by the eternal years of an eon in a day.

It is evident that no one can live more than a limited amount of time.

Nevertheless, most people foolishly enslave themselves to materialism

as if they could live for thousands of years. And some people strive to

bequeath a good spiritual legacy for coming generations, in this way,

gaining immortality. Obviously, the spirit is perpetual while material

is not; therefore, what we can do to leave behind something for the

welfare of mankind is, perhaps, the most important thing in our lives.

Here I leave Tae Kwon-Do for mankind as a trace of man of the late

20th century. The 24 patterns represent 24 hours, one day, or all my

life. The name of the pattern, the number of movements, and the

diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolizes either heroic figures

in Korean history or instances relating to historical events.

General Choi, Hong Hi

November 09, 1918 to June 15, 2002


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NOTE: Sajo Jirugi is the first exercise given to all Tae Kwon-Do students to help develop

coordination, direction changing, and breathing control. IT IS NOT A PATTERN, the main

reason behind this is that it has no historical meaning.

WHAT IS A PATTERN (TUL)?

A pattern is a set of fundamental movements, mainly defence and attack, set in a logical

sequence to deal with one or more imaginary opponents. Patterns are an indication of a

student's progress – a barometer in evaluating an individual's technique.

WHY DO WE PERFORM PATTERNS?

We practise patterns to improve our Tae Kwon-Do techniques, to develop sparring techniques,

to improve flexibility of movement, master body-shifting, develop muscles, balance and breath

control. They also enable us to acquire techniques which cannot be obtained from other forms

of training. Tae Kwon-Do is an art. When first developed the only way to train was by

performing patterns.

POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN PERFORMING PATTERNS

1. Patterns should begin and end on the same spot. This will indicate the performers

accuracy.

2. Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.

3. Muscles of the body should be tensed or relaxed at the proper critical moments in the

exercise.

4. The exercise should be performed in a rhythmic movement with the absence of stiffness.

5. Each pattern should be accelerated or decelerated according to instructions.

6. Each pattern should be perfected before moving to the next.

7. Students should know the purpose of each movement.

8. Students should perform each movement with realism.


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Body Target Areas


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THE PHYSICS OF STRIKING

When you strike an object or person (either by punching or kicking) what exactly are the

factors controlling how much force that strike will have? The physics of this process are well

understood and agree perfectly with the techniques used and recommended by martial art

instructors in Tae-Kwon-Do and Karate. The basic technique is:

1. With the least possible muscle tension, accelerate the striking surface towards the target

as quickly as possible.

2. Just before impact, tense all the muscles concerned with the body framework so that as

the impact happens the body is as rigid as possible. How does this technique result in

enough destructive force for a trained person to break pieces of ice the size of breeze

blocks? What is the difficult part of this technique that prevents even the strongest

novice from performing the same feats? Part of the answer to these questions lie in areas

such as physical strength in the right muscles, confidence and the ability to use these

attributes efficiently due to superior concentration and will.

Questions on these aspects can only really be answered by an experienced martial artist and

those answers will probably involve at least four years of hard training! The rest of the

technique is down to physics and muscle control.

Newton's Second Law: The rate of change of a body's velocity is proportional to the net force

acting on it and takes place in the direction of that force.

Force = Mass x Acceleration (Mass is the constant of proportionality)

Newton's Third Law: Forces acting between bodies in contact are equal and opposite.

(Newton's first law is really only a special case of his second law)

With integration we can rewrite Newton 1 as:- F x dt = M x dv where :

F is the average force applied during the time interval dt is the time interval

M is the mass dv is the difference in velocity before and after the time interval

When the fist (of mass M) collides with a target that cannot move away quickly (either

because it is very heavy like a person or because people are supporting it with their bodies),

that object must decelerate the fist from whatever velocity it had before it came into contact

with the target (say V) to rest in a very short time (dt). To do this it must provide a force (F)

which is equal to (M x V) / dt . If the target cannot provide this force, the fist will continue on

until F x dt finally adds up to M x V sometime later.

In the case of wooden boards this 'continuing on' simply bends them. If they have to bend too

far however, the back surface (which is then under tension) will split and the board will break.

In the case of person's body, this 'continuing on' will probably cause internal damage as organs

are forced to move out of the path of the fist. If the target was a 40 ton block of steel however,

it would have no problem providing the necessary stopping force instantly and by Newton 3

that force would have only the contact points on the fist to act on. This would probably result

in damage to the fist.


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The three factors resulting in possibly damaging force being demanded from the target are

therefore:

1. Mass of the attacking object.

2. Velocity (speed) of the attacking object on impact.

3. The amount of time the object takes to stop the attacking object from continuing. In

most cases this can be measured as a distance before damage occurs.

The basic technique of striking in terms of these factors will be explained using the example of

a forward punch. At the moment of impact we want maximum mass and speed. To achieve the

speed, we accelerate the fist from rest towards the target by applying a force F with the

muscles. Newton 2 tells us that F = M x A so A = F / M. In other words, for a set force F

(which we can only improve by getting stronger) we will get a larger acceleration (and thus

impact speed) if the mass M is low. On impact though, as we have stated, we want the

maximum possible mass for the target to have to decelerate. How can the mass of the striking

object be changed from small (while the body accelerates it) to large (while the

target decelerates it)?

If the fist, forearm, shoulder etc. were made from a solid material such as metal and welded

together, the mass of the striking object would simply be the masses of each of these parts

added together. If however, these parts of the body were only connected by string or wires, the

mass of the striking object would be that of the fist alone. In reality, the body is connected by

bones, joints and muscles which is a situation between the two extremes. When the muscles

are tensed, the body acts more like one solid object. When the muscles are relaxed, the body

acts more like separate parts. What happens in a correct punch is this :

1. The body is kept as relaxed and 'disconnected' as possible to keep the effective mass of

the fist down while it is accelerated towards the target.

2. 'Just before impact' the whole frame is tensed to get as close as possible to the 'one solid

unit' state with maximum effective mass and hopefully the same velocity of the striking

surface.

If the tension is applied to early, the effective mass of the fist rises early which reduces the

acceleration and, thus, final speed on impact. If the tension arrives too late, the effective mass

of the fist is low and it will have less effect. To achieve the most efficient timing, strength,

tension and posture to exploit this technique (which only lasts a fraction of a second) is not

something that is learnt easily. Without the evidence of destruction demonstrations, the fact

that it could be learnt at all would, I think, be in doubt.

Some other strikes used in martial arts exploit the two other factors - speed and impact time -

more than the 'strongest' attacks such as the side kick and forward punch which rely on the

above technique very strongly. Extra speed on impact can be achieved in some cases by

extending the limbs in rotation much like a sling-shot or golf swing. Other strikes exploit the

very short time of impact caused by hitting with a part of the body which is very rigid such as

the elbow or head.

`THE PHYSICS OF STRIKING' Written by John Davies


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Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 10th Kup

What the belt colours mean:

White - Signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no previous knowledge

of Tae kwon-do.

Yellow - Signifies earth, from which a plant sprouts and takes root as Tae kwon-do foundation

is being laid.

The Tenants of Tae Kwon-Do

Courtesy (Ye Ui): To be polite to one’s instructors, seniors and fellow students.

Integrity (Yom Chi): To be honest with one’s self. One must be able to define right

and wrong.

Perseverance (In Nae): To achieve a goal, whether it is a higher grade or technique,

you must not stop trying; you must persevere.

Self-control (Kook Chi): To lose one’s temper when performing techniques against an

opponent can be dangerous and shows lack of self-control. To be able to live, work and

train within one’s capability shows good self-control.

Indomitable spirit (Baekjool Boolgool): To show courage when you and your

principles are pitted against overwhelming odds.

Line work:

Sitting Stance single punch x10

Front rising kicks with twin side waist blocks x10

Walking stance obverse punch 4 times forward

Walking stance obverse punch 4 times backwards

Walking stance low block, reverse punch 4 times forward

Walking stance low block, reverse punch 4 times backward

Walking stance middle block, reverse punch 4 times forward

Walking stance middle block, reverse punch 4 times backward


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Pattern:

Sajo Jirugi with a low

outer forearm block,

right side

Sajo Jirugi with a low

outer forearm block,

left side


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Sajo Jirugi with a

middle inner forearm

block, right side

Sajo Jirugi with a

middle inner forearm

block, left side


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Terminology:

Counting

Stances

English Korean English Korean

One Hanna Sitting Stance Annun Sogi

Two Dool Walking Stance Gunnan Sogi

Three Seth Parallel Stance Narani Sogi

Four Neth Ready Stance Chunbi Sogi

Five Dasaul Attention Stance Charyot sogi

Six Yasaul

Seven Ilgop Parts of the Body

Eight Yadoll English Korean

Nine Ahop Forearm Palmok

Ten Yoll Inner Forearm An Palmok

Outer Forearm Bakat Palmok

General Terms Ap Joomuk Forefist

English Korean Backfist Dung Joomuk

Tae Kwon-Do Foot Fist Art

Belt Ti Basic Movements

Training Hall Dojang English Korean

Training Suit Dobok Inner Forearm Block An Palmok Makgi

Attention Charyot Outer Forearm Block Bakat Palmok Makgi

Ready Chunbi Obverse Punch Baro Jirugi

Forwards Apro Kaggi Reverse Punch Bandae Jirugi

Backwards Dwiryo Kaggi Front Rising Kick Ap Chaolligi

About Turn Dwiryo Torro Side Rising Kick Yop Chaolligi

Bow Kyung Yae Kick Chagi

Dismiss Hassen Punch Jirugi

Student Jeja

Start Si jak

Stop Goman

Return Ready

Stance

Barrol

Instructor Sabum

Assistant Instructor Boo Sabumnin

Sections Dungboon

English Korean

Low section Najundae

Middle Section Kaundae

High Section Nopundae


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Newport Tae Kwon-Do



White - Signifies innocence, as that of the beginning student who has no previous knowledge

of Tae kwon-do.


is being laid.

Line work:

Sitting Stance double punch x10

Front snap kick with twin side waist blocks 4 times forwards & backwards

Walking stance double punch 4 times forward & backwards

L stance middle block 4 times forward & backwards

L stance knife hand strike 4 times forward

Walking stance low block, rising block 4 times backwards

Terminology:

General Terms

Parts of the Body


Left Wen Ball of the Foot Ap Kumchi

Right Orun Footsword Balkal

Pattern Tul Head Mori

Stances Basic Movements


L-Stance Niunja Sogi Rising Block Chookyo Magi

Forearm Guarding

Block

Palmok Daebi

Makgi

Knife Hand Strike Sonkal Taerigi

Double Punch Doo Jirugi

Front Snap Kick Ap Cha Busigi

Kick Chagi


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Pattern: Chon Ji – 19 Movements

Along Korea’s northern border with China sits the Kaema Plateau at an average elevation of

1,500 meters (4,921 ft). Mt. Paektu, Korea’s highest peak and the source of the Yalu and

Tumen Rivers, dominates the northwestern corner of this lava plateau, an area often called the

“roof of Korea.” Just north of Mt. Paektu’s summit is a large crater lake named Chon-Ji,

meaning “Heavenly Lake.”

Paektu is an extinct volcano and it is also claimed to be the original home of the legendary

founder of Korea, Dan-Gun.

There are numerous accounts of a “Loch Ness” type of creature living in lake Chon-Ji.

Chon-Ji is appropriately named because creation is the beginning of all things and this pattern

establishes a good foundation for all the remaining patterns. Chon-Ji consists of two similar

parts – one part representing heaven – one part representing earth. The stances and techniques

in this pattern are the basic movements required for mastering all of the 24 patterns.

Along Korea’s northern border with China sits the Kaema Plateau at an average elevation of

1,500 meters (4,921 ft). Mt. Paektu, Korea’s highest peak and the source of the Yalu and

Tumen Rivers, dominates the northwestern corner of this lava plateau, an area often called the

“roof of Korea.” Just north of Mt. Paektu’s summit is a large crater lake named Ch’onji,

meaning “Heavenly Lake.”


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Newport Tae Kwon-Do




is being laid.

Green - Signifies a plants growth as Tae kwon-do skills begin to develop.

Line work:

L stance, twin forearm block 4 times forward & backward

Front snap kick, double punch 4 times forward

L stance, inward inner forearm block 4 times backward

Turning kick, L stance knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo torro repeat 4 times backward

L stance forearm guarding block 4 times forward & backward

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Inwards Anaero Knife Hand

Guarding Block

Sonkal Daebi Makgi

Outwards Bakaero Twin Forearm Block Sang Palmok Makgi

Inward Inner

Forearm Block

Anaero An Palmok

Makgi

Parts of the Body Back fist Strike Dung Joomuk

Taerigi

English Korean Turning Kick Dolloyo Chagi

Palm Sonbadak Front Back fist Strike Ap Dung Joomuk

Taerigi

Backfist Dung Joomuk Sparring Matsoki

3 Step Sparring Sambo Matsoki


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Pattern: Dan Gun – 21 Movements

The Legend of Dan-Gun

Every October 3 is “Gae-cheon-jeol” or the “Festival of the Opening of Heaven,” the Korean

foundation day. “Dan-gun” is considered the founder of 1st Korean Kingdom.

The legend of Dan-Gun dates back to ancient times when world was ruled by Hwanin, “Lord

of the Heaven.” His son, Hwangung along with 3,000 followers descended and lived in this

world.

It was told that a tiger and a bear prayed to Hwangung wishing to become human. He had

given both 20 cloves of garlic and a bundle of mugwort. They were told to eat this sacred food

and remain in the cave for 100 days.

After 20 days the tiger gave up and left the cave but the bear remained in the cave and was

transformed into a beautiful woman. She became known as Ungnyeo (Ung-Yo) which means

bear-woman.

Ung-Yo was grateful and made offerings to Hwang-Ung but as she lacked a husband she

became sad and prayed. Hwang-Ung was moved by her prayers and took her as his wife and


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she gave birth to a son whom they named Dan-Gun (Tangun).

Dan-Gun rose to the throne and built the city of Asadal, this given rise to the Korean Dynasty

called Go-Joseon. He is regarded to have built the first altar on Kang-Wha Island in 2265 BC

which is also known as Dangun’s Altar.

Legend has it that Dan-Gun was a wise and powerful leader until his reign ended after being

ousted by a Chinese descendant of the Shang Dynasty named Ki-Ja.

Dan-Gun was said to have reigned for 1,211 years or until the age of 1,908 when he returned

to his spirit form.

Three Step Sparring

Attacker starts in a left walking stance, obverse low section outer forearm block.

Attack – Forward three middle section obverse punches in walking stance to the opponent’s

solar plexus.

1. Right leg back walking stance, middle inner forearm block to the inside of the attackers

forearm three times.

Counter Attack – Reverse middle section punch.

2. Left leg back, L Stance, middle inner forearm block to the outside three times.

Counter Attack – Move the left leg forward 45 degrees, move the right leg behind the

opponents front leg in left L Stance, execute a right knife hand strike to the back of the

neck.

3. Left leg back L stance, middle inward inner forearm block to the inside of your

opponents arm three times

Counter Attack – Slide forward into a left L Stance and execute a right front back fist

to the opponents philtrum.

4. Left leg back L stance, middle inner forearm block to the outside of the opponent’s arm

three times.

Counter Attack – Move the left leg into a sitting stance, focus with the left hand,

execute a double punch to your opponent’s kidney area.


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Newport Tae Kwon-Do




is being laid.


Line work:

Walking stance back fist strike 4 times forward & backward



Walking stance wedging block 4 times forward & backward

Side kick, L stance forearm guarding block 4 times forward


Walking stance spear finger thrust 4 times forward & backwards

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Straight Sun Wedging Block Hechyo Makgi

Thrust Tulgi Release Move Jappysol Tae

Straight Spear Finger

Thrust

Sun Sonkut Tulgi

Parts of the Body Backfist side Strike Dung Joomuk Taerigi

English Korean Side Piercing Kick Yop Cha Jirugi

Finger Songarak

As a group Sonkut Sparring Matsoki

3 Step Sparring Sambo Matsoki

Stances

English Korean

Fixed Stance Goojoong Sogi


Page 23

Pattern: Do San – 24 Movements

Three Step Sparring

5. Right leg back L Stance, middle outer forearm block to the inside of your opponents

arm two times.

Counter Attack – Move to the right into a sitting stance parallel to your opponent.

Execute a left outer forearm block and a high section punch to your opponent’s jaw

6. Right leg back L Stance, middle knife hand block to the inside of your opponents

arm two times.

Counter Attack – Move to the right into a sitting stance parallel to your opponent.

Execute a left outward knife hand block and a high section inward knife hand strike

to your opponent’s neck.

7. Right leg back L Stance, middle outer forearm block to the inside of your opponents

arm two times.

Counter Attack – Slide back at a 30 degree angle into a right L Stance with a

forhand hand guarding block, execute a front snap kick landing in a walking stance

and follow with a double punch to the solar plexus.

Is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho

(1876-1938) who devoted his life to the

education of Korean and its independence

movement


Page 24

The Life of Do-San

Ahn Chang-ho was a Korean independence activist born in South Pyongahn-do on November

9, 1876.

He is also referred to as Do-San, his popular pen name.

At the age of 18 in 1894 he became a member of the Tongnip Hyophoe “Independence

Association” which promoted independence from Japan but they were interrupted when the

group’s leader was forced into exile into the United States.

This strengthened his belief that they had themselves to blame for their failures and victory

would only come from within.

It was in 1899 that he established the Cheomjin (gradual process) School in Pyongyang which

reflected his philosophy of evolutionary social changes through education.

Ahn Chang-ho was one of the first Koreans to emigrate to the United States when he arrived in

September 1902 with his wife. It was then he decided to call himself Do-San meaning island

mountain.

While living in San Francisco, he initiated a social reform movement and organized the San

Francisco Social Meeting which was desperately needed by the Korean American society.

He also organized what is known as Kungminhoe (Korean National Association) which

inspired national independence for Korean immigrants.

In 1906 he returned to Korea and organized an underground independence group called

Shinmin-Hoe (New People’s Association) which was to promote Korean independence by

cultivating nationalism.

In 1908 he founded the Tae-Song (large achievement) School in Pyongyang. At this time the

Japanese were in the process of removing education for Koreans to ensure illiteracy and create

a class of slaves.

The Shinmin-Hoe had grown in size and was considered a threat by the Japanese occupiers. In

December 1910, the Japanese fabricated an plot to assassinate the Japanese Governor General

Terauchi.

Over 600 Christians and all of Shinmin-Hoe leaders were arrested, with over 105 brought to

trial following torture.

Pressure was felt from the world community that most of the defendants had to be set free

after it was alleged that the plot was an obvious fabrication.

After the passage of an Education Act in 1911 the Japanese occupiers started to close all

Korean schools and as a result the Tae-Song School was closed in 1913 and by 1914 all

Korean schools had been shut down.


Page 25

Newport Tae Kwon-Do




Blue - Signifies Heaven to which a plant sprouts and matures into a towering tree as training

in Tae kwon-do progresses.

Line work:

Walking stance spear finger thrust 4 times forward & backward

First 3 moves of Won Hyo 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance circular block 4 times forward & backward


Dwiryo Torro

Side kick, L stance forearm guarding block 4 times backward

Snap, turning kick combination, L stance knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo Torro

Turn, side kick combination, L stance forearm guarding block 4 times backward

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Back Dwit Circular Block Dollimyo Makgi

Hooking block Golcho Makgi

Parts of the Body Waist Block Hori Makgi

Foot Parts Habansin Pushing Block Miro Makgi

Hand Parts Sangbansin Vertical Punch Sewo Jirugi

Back Sole Dwit Kumchi Inward Knifehand Strike Anaero Sonkal Taerigi

Back Heel Dwit Chook Side Punch Yop Jirugi

Reverse Turning Kick Bandae Dollyo Chagi

Stances Sogi Reverse Knifehand Strike Sonkal Dung Taerigi

Vertical Stance Soojik Sogi Reverse Side Kick Bandae Yop Chagi

Closed Stance Moa Sogi 3 Step Sparring Sambo Matsoki

Bending Stance Goburyo Sogi Semi Free Sparring Ban Jayoo Matsoki


Page 26

Pattern: Won Hyo – 28 Movements

Three Step Sparring


arm two times.

Counter Attack – Slide back at a 45 degree angle into a right L Stance with a

forearm guarding block, execute a right side kick landing in a left L Stance follow

with a right knife hand strike to the neck.

9. Right leg back L Stance, middle palm pushing block to the inside of your opponents

arm two times.

Counter Attack – Slide back at a 45 degree angle to the outside of your opponent

into a right L Stance with a knife hand guarding block, execute a right mid section

turning kick to your opponents solar plexus, put the kicking foot behind your

opponents front leg, landing in a vertical stance whilst executing a knife hand strike

to the back of the neck.


arm two times.

Counter Attack – Slide back at a 45 degree angle into a right L Stance with a knife

hand guarding block, execute a reverse side kick with the right leg, landing in a right

walking stance whilst executing a left hand reverse knife hand strike to the

opponent’s philtrum.


Page 27

The Life of Won-Hyo

Won-Hyo was born on 617 AD in the town of Za-in-myon in Kyongsang Province. His name

at birth wa Sol Sedang but assumed his pen name in later years “Won-Hyo” from his

nickname “Sedak “meaning “dawn” after being accomplished as a Buddhist philosopher and

poet.

It is thought that he became a monk at the age of 20 after witnessing many of his friends being

killed during the civil wars amongst the Koguryo, Silla, and Paekche kingdoms. There are

many differing accounts of how he became a monk. Some say he converted his house into a

temple, while other say he just shaved his head and went into the mountains to live as a monk.

It is even unclear where he learned Buddhism.

At the age of 33 he set out for China with a friend inspired to study under the Buddhist scholar

Huan-Tchuang. They barely escaped capture as they were mistaken for spies. Here is one of

the stories in Korean Buddhism which involves Won-Hyo’s enlightenment during his journey

to China.

“One evening as Won-Hyo crosses the desert he stops and sleeps at a small patch of green

with trees and water. As it was pitch dark, he searched for water and found a cup on the

ground. He picked it up and drank the water.

He bowed in gratitude and thanked Buddha for the delicious gift of water But when he woke

up the next morning he saw what was beside him was a shattered skull, blood caked with flesh

stuck to the cheek bones. As he saw the skull he began to vomit. As the vomit poured he began

to understand, since last night as he hadn’t thought and seen anything, the water was delicious

but in the morning it made him vomit.

He said to himself, thinking makes good and bad, life and death. Without thinking, there is no

universe, no Buddha, No Dharma. All is one and this one is empty.

He realized there was no need to find a master as he understood life and death. He turned and

headed back across the desert to Korea. His friend Uisang continued to China and learned the

doctrines of Hua-yen and established this in Korea.

Upon his return he took vast amounts of scholarly work and was well known to the general

population and to the royal family. In 660 AD King Muyo asked him to live in the royal palace

of Yosok. It resulted with a relationship with the royal princess Kwa and subsequent marriage

and birth of their son Sol-Ch’ong.

He travelled around the country and became respected by the people. In 661 AD he developed

the Chongto-Gyo (pure land) sect which required diligent prayer for salvation. This made

religion accessible to the lower class and became popular among the entire population.”

By 662 AD he left the priesthood and travelled the country teaching his sect to the common

people. His contributions to culture and national awareness of Silla were instrumental in the

unification of three kingdoms of Korea.


Page 28

Won-Hyo died at the age of 70 just nine years after the unification of the Korean Peninsula

under the Silla dynasty. It was said that during his time he authored 240 works in Buddhism of

which 20 works in 25 volumes still exist. One of the forms he chose to use was Hyang-Ga, a

special Silla Poetic form. His poem is said to be among the most admired poems.

In his life Won-Hyo dominated intellectual and religious arenas in and out of Korea. He set

shape and form of Silla Buddhism and a dominant figure in Korean Buddhist tradition. He is

one of the most influential thinkers Korea has produced.

Student Notes:


Page 29

Newport Tae Kwon-Do






Line work:

Walking stance knife hand block, reverse punch 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance low X block, twin vertical punch 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance obverse, reverse hooking block, obverse punch 4 times forward &

backward

L stance twin knife hand block 4 times forward & backward

Turning kick, knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo Torro


Snap, turn kick combination, L stance knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo Torro

Turn, side kick combination, L stance forearm guarding block 4 times backward

Side, back Kick combination - Dwiryo Torro – repeat

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Jumping Twigi Double Forearm Block Doo Palmok Makgi

Hooking block Golcho Makgi

Parts of the Body X Block Kyocha Makgi

Elbow Palkup Upward Palm Block Ollyo Sonbadak Makgi

Knee Moorup Twin Knifehand Block Sang Sonkal Makgi

Stances Upset Punch Dwijibo Jirugi

X Stance Kyocha Sogi Flat Fingertip Thrust Opun sonkut Tulgi

Crescent Kick Bandal Chagi

Twin Vertical Punch Sang Sewo Jirugi

Two Step sparring Ibo Matsoki


Page 30

Pattern: Yul Gok – 38 Movements

Two Step Sparring

Attacker starts right leg back, forearm guarding block.

Defence starts in parallel ready stance.

1. Attack - Right leg forward, right walking stance, obverse punch, left leg low front snap

kick.

Defence – Left leg back walking stance, rising block. Right leg back left walking

stance, X fist pressing block.

Counter Attack – Slide forward into walking stance, twin vertical punch to opponents

face.

2. Attack -Right arm side punch, fixed stance then middle turning kick with left leg

Defence – Right leg back L Stance, upward palm block. Left leg back, left L stance,

waist block with right outer forearm.

Counter Attack – Slide forward into right L stance, right side elbow strike to

opponents abdomen.


Page 31

3. Attack - Right leg front kick, step forward into left walking stance, high twin vertical

punch.

Defence – Right leg back left walking stance, low X fist pressing block. Left leg back

right walking stance, high outer forearm wedging block.

Counter Attack – Knee kick to the solar plexus, at the same time pull opponent’s

shoulders forward and downwards.

4. Attack – Right flat finger thrust in right walking stance then middle side kick with left

leg.

Defence – Right leg back left walking stance, knife hand rising block. Left leg back L

stance, inward palm block.

Counter Attack – Front snap kick to the coccyx, twin upset punch to the kidney area.

The Life of Yul-Gok

Yul-Gok was born a child prodigy on December 26, 1536 in Kangwon Province. At the age of

three he knew Chinese scripts, and composed poems in Chinese before his 7th birthday. By

age 7 he had finished lessons in Confucian Classics and passed the Civil Service literary exam

at the age of 13.

By the age of 29 he passed a higher civil service exam with full marks. His thesis was

regarded as a literary masterpiece displaying his knowledge of history and politics and his

profound knowledge of Taoism.

He took the pen name Yul-Gok meaning “valley of chestnuts” and at 34 years he authored

“Tongho Mundap,” an article about how righteous government could be achieved within his

own lifetime and with measures to accomplish it.

At 36 years of age after the death of his mother he secluded himself into the Diamond

Mountains. It was not known why but some say that sought three years of lamentation, or he

may have regarded it as a pleasure to retire to the countryside to rest.

After his return to society he authored “The Essentials of Confucianism” in 1576.

Yul-gok died in 1584 and the valuable Yul-gok Chonjip (The Complete Works of Yul-gok)

was compiled after his death on the basis of the writings he left.


Page 32

Newport Tae Kwon-Do





Red – Signifies danger cautioning the student to exercise control and warning your opponent

to keep away.

Line work:

L stance reverse knife hand block 4 times forward & backward

L stance knife hand guarding block, walking stance upward elbow strike 4 times

forward and backward

L stance back fist strike, release walking stance high section reverse punch 4 times

forward and backward

Turning kick, knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo Torro


Snap, turning kick combination, L stance knife hand guarding block 4 times forward

Dwiryo Torro

Turning, side kick combination, L stance forearm guarding block 4 times backward

Side, back kick combination - Dwiryo Torro - repeat

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Forging Post Dollyon Joo Pressing Block Noollo Makgi

Downward Block Naeryo Makgi

Parts of the Body U Shaped Block Digutja Makgi

Side sole Yop Bal Badak Twin Straight

Forearm Block

Sang Sun Palmok

Makgi

Arc Hand Bandal Son Turning Punch Dollyo Jirugi

Side Fist Yop Joomuk Twin Upset Punch Sang Dwijibo Jirugi

Stances Basic Movements


Rear Foot Stance Dwit Bal Sogi Back Kick Dwit Chagi


Page 33

Low Stance Nachuo Sogi Pressing Kick Noollo Chagi

Sparring Reverse Turn

Hooking Kick

Bandae Dollyo Goro

Chagi

3 Step Sparring Sambo Matsoki Consecutive Kick Yonsak Chagi

2Step sparring Ibo Matsoki Upper Elbow Strike Wi Palkup Taerigi

1 Step Sparring Ilbo Matsoki

Semi Free

Sparring

Ban Jayoo

Matsoki

Free Sparring Jayoo Matsoki

Pattern: Joong Gun 32 Movements

Two Step Sparring

Attacker starts right leg back, forearm guarding block.

Defence starts in parallel ready stance.

5. Attack - Right back kick, left walking stance, high palm strike.

Defence - Right L stance, palm waist block, left L stance, inward outer forearm block.

Counter - Right walking stance, left reverse knife hand, middle inward strike (slipping

right foot).


Page 34

6. Attack - Right high turning kick, left walking stance arc-hand strike.

Defence - Sitting stance twin straight forearm block (moving left foot diagonally), right

L stance palm hooking block (grabbing the arm).

Counter - Left side kick (still holding grabbed arm).

7. Attack - Right fixed stance, side fist side strike, left middle reverse turning kick.

Defence - Left L stance, twin forearm block, right L stance knife hand guarding block

(sliding away using block as guard only).

Counter - Right high reverse turning kick.

8. Attack - Right middle side kick, right L stance, knife hand high strike (turning

clockwise).

Defence - Right L stance, inward inner forearm waist block, right L stance knife hand

guarding block (double stepping).

Counter - Left X stance, high back fist side strike.

The Life of Joong-Gun

Ahn Joong-Gun was born on 1879 in the town of Hae-Ju in Hwang-Hae Province. He became

a teacher and founded a school called Sam-Heung (three success). But with the Japanese

occupation of Korea this means, just like all schools, it would be under scrutiny.

Korea got involved with the conflict as a result of trouble from China in 1900. The colonial

powers moved into the Orient, England formed an alliance with Japan after Russia moves into

Manchuria. After which a Russo-French Alliance moves into northern Korea. Japan demands

the removal of Russian troops from Korea but when Russia rejected this Japan launches a

naval attack and subsequently invades Korea.

Hiro-Bumi Ito was named the first Japanese Governor General of Korea in 1905 and pressured

the Korean government to sign the Protectorate Treaty on November 19, 1905 which gave

Japan legal rights to occupy Korea. The new Japanese puppet government passed laws that

allowed Korean land to be sold to Japanese even as land was just taken.

This enraged the people of Korea and a number of guerrilla groups were formed to attack the

Japanese forces but were crushed by the larger Japanese army. Many local Korean officials

committed suicide and Korean signatories to the Protectorate Treaty were assassinated.

Because of this, Ahn Joong-gun went into exile and formed a small guerrilla movement of 300

men to carry out raids across the border. In June 1907 Emperor Ko_Jong sent an emissary to

the Hague Peace Conference to expose the Japanese aggression but Hiro-Bumi Ito found out

and forced Ko-Jong to abdicate the throne.

This led to rioting involving Korean army units. The Japanese army disbanded the Korean

army and police force and defeated any of their retaliation.

Ahn Joong-Gun led his guerrillas on a successful raid in June 1909, but the Japanese arrived at

an agreement with the Chinese giving them access to the Southern Manchurian Railway. This


Page 35

allowed the exploitation of mineral resources in Manchuria. In exchange the Japanese give

China territorial rights to Kando. This led to the assassination plan of Hiro-Bumi Ito.

Ito had planned to meet a Russian official in Manchuria and when his train arrived at Harbin

train station, Ahn Joong-Gun was waiting. Even though he knew that he would be tortured if

he was captured by the Japanese, Ahn shot Ito as he stepped off the train.

Ahn Joong-Gun was indeed captured and imprisoned in Port Arthur and suffered 5 months of

barbaric torture. At 10am on March 26, 1910, Joong-Gun was executed at Lui-Shung prison at

the age of 32.

His sacrifice of life for his country symbolized the loyalty and dedication that Korean people

felt towards their independence. In the calligraphy he wrote in his cell in prison prior to his

execution it said “The best rivers and mountains” which can be interpreted to mean that he felt

his country was the most beautiful on earth. He was an educator, a guerrilla leader and most of

all one of Korea’s great patriots.

Student Notes:


Page 36

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 3rd Kup




Red - Signifies danger cautioning the student to exercise control and warning the opponent to

keep away.

Line work:

First 2 moves of Toi Gye 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance low X pressing block, twin vertical punch 4 times forward & backward

Stamping into sitting block W shape block 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance double forearm block 4 times forward & backward

Snap, turning kick combination -Dwiryo Torro-Turning, side kick combination

Side, back kick combination-Dwiryo Torro-Repeat

Hook, side kick combination-Dwiryo Torro-Repeat

Turning kick, reverse turning kick-Dwiryo Torro-Repeat

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Flying Twimyo W Shape Block San Makgi

Upper Elbow Strike Wi Palkup Taerigi

Parts of the Body Waving Kick Doro Chagi

Upset Finger Tips Dwijibun Sonkut Flying Kick Twimyo Chagi

Knee Moorup Front Pushing Kick Ap Cha Milgi


Page 37

Pattern: Toi Gye – 37 Movements

One Step Sparring

Students are expected to develop their own techniques in one step sparring.

Below are some examples of one step sparring using the existing 3 step counter attacks.

Both attacker and defender start in parallel ready position, attacker step forward with right leg

into walking stance and punches with right hand. On the second occasion, the same attacker

steps forward, but with left leg and left hand punching. (Only right hand side is described

below).

1. Move the left leg forward 45 degrees, move the right leg behind the opponents front leg

into a left 'L' stance, execute a right knife hand strike to the neck, followed by side kick

with right foot and step away.

2. In a left 'L' stance and execute a right front back fist strike to the face followed by an

upward punch (left hand) hooking punch (right hand).

3. Move the left leg into a sitting stance, focus with left hand, and execute double punch,

followed by turning kick with right leg followed by reverse side kick with the left leg.


Page 38

4. Move to the right into sitting stance parallel to opponent. Execute a left outer forearm

block and a high section punch simultaneously, grab head with both hands and pull

down whilst performing a left knee strike.

5. Move to the right, form a sitting stance parallel to opponent, execute left outer knife

hand guard and a high inward knife hand strike to the neck, followed by upper elbow

strike with left elbow.

6. Move right foot to left foot, pushing off left foot slide back at a 45 degree angle into a

right 'L' stance with a forearm guarding block, execute a right front kick landing in a

right walking stance double punch, reaching under their punching arm perform a

hooking block to the top (right hand), brace elbow with left hand and take forward into

arm lock.


right 'L' stance with a forearm guarding block. Execute a right side kick landing in left

'L' stance, right front back fist strike or knife hand strike to the neck, grab their punching

hand with your left hand, pull in and elbow strike to their head with your right arm

whilst sliding into vertical stance.

8. Slide back at a 45 degree angle to the outside of your opponent into a right 'L' stance

with a knife hand guarding block. Execute a right mid section turning kick, put the

kicking foot behind the opponent's front foot landing in vertical stance while executing a

knife hand strike to the neck, step through, put your right arm under their punching arm

and using your inner forearm to their main neck artery (carotid artery), grab your inner

forearm with your other hand and squeeze.

9. Move right foot to left foot pushing off left foot, slide back at a 45 degree angle into a

right 'L' stance with a knife hand guarding block. Execute a reverse side kick, land in a

right walking stance whilst executing a left hand reverse knife hand strike to the

philtrum, step out perform turning kick with your left leg, step down reverse turning

kick with your right leg.

The Life of Toi-Gye

Yi Hwang was born on November 25, 1501 in On’gye-ri (Tosan), North Kyongsang Province.

As a child prodigy he started to learn the Book of One Thousand Letters from an old

gentleman in his neighbourhood.

At age six he learned the Analects of Confucius from his uncle Yi U. By the age of 19 he

obtained the two volumes Songni Taejon, a great compendium of neo-Confucianism by Hu

Guang.

At age 23 Toi-Gye came to Seoul to study at the National Academy and passed the

preliminary provincial civil service examination with top honours at the age of 33. He

continued to work for the government as he moved through 29 different positions. He was

persistent in cleansing of corrupt government officials. On several occasions he was exiled

from the capital for his principles.

He retired back to his home in 1549 and lived there until his death just like his pen name

which means retreating stream. He began to build the Tosan Sowon, a private Confucian

Academy offering instruction in the classics and honouring the sages with regular memorial


Page 39

rites. Toi-Gye died in 1570 without seeing the opening of his academy. Tosan Sowon opened

in 1574 and remains open to this day.

He was promoted to the highest ministerial rank after he died, and his mortuary tablet is

housed in a Confucian shrine as well as in the shrine of King Sonjo. He was the author of

many books on Confucianism and published a “Shijo” collection. He had also served under

four kings while gaining fame in Korea for his interpretation of “Li-chi” dualism.

Student Notes:


Page 40

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 2nd Kup



keep away.

Black - Opposite to white therefore signifying the maturity and proficiency in Tae Kwon-Do.

Also indicates the wearer’s imperviousness to darkness and fear.

Line work:

First 2 moves of Toi Gye 4 times forward & backward

Walking stance low X knife hand block, X knife hand rising block 4 times forward &

backward

L Stance back fist, release, walking stance reverse punch 4 times forward & backward

Pressing kick, side kick combination 4 times forward & backward

Snap, turning kick combination – Dwiryo Torro – turning, side kick combination.

Turning, reverse turning kick combination – Dwiryo Torro – Repeat

Hook , side kick combination – Dwiryo Torro – Repeat

Jumping snap kicks (back leg) landing in fighting stance.

Jumping turning kick, landing in fighting stance.

Jumping back kick, landing in fighting stance.

Terminology:

General Terms

Basic Movements


Flying Twimyo PushingBlock Miro Makgi

Upward Punch Ollyo Makgi

Parts of the Body Downward Punch Naeryo Maki

Instep Baldung Vertical Kick Sewo Chagi

Reverse Footsword Balkal Dung Twisting Kick Bituro Chagi

Three Step Sparring Sambo Matsoki

Two Step Sparring Ibo Matsoki

One Step Sparring Ilbo Matsoki

3 Step Semi Free Sambo Ban Jayoo

Free Sparring Jayoo Matsoki


Page 41

Pattern: Hwa Rang - 29 Movements

One Step Sparring






below).






3. Move the left leg into a sitting stance, focus with left hand and execute double punch,






Page 42








arm lock.

















The History of the Hwa-Rang

The Korean peninsula was divided into three kingdoms of Silla, Koguryo, and Paekche during

the 6th century AD with the smallest kingdom, Silla, constantly besieged by its neighbours. So

in 576 AD the 24th king of the Silla dynasty established Hwa-Rang warriors from groups of

young noblemen to be trained in all forms of warfare and defend the kingdom.

Each group consisted of thousands of members from the nobility chosen by popular election

and each senior leader would be regarded as Kuk-Son which were similar to the Knights of

King Arthur’s round table.

There were five cardinal principles of human relations, three scholarships and six ways of

service that trainees had to learn and after completion they were presented to the king for

nomination as Hwa-Rang or Kuk-Son.

The Hwa-Rang trained to improve their military skills, enhance their minds with principles,

and strengthen their bodies with physical training. Along with lessons in arts, literature and

science these candidates also learned the art of warfare and hand to hand combat.

The hand to hand combat was based on Um-Yang principles of Buddhist philosophy. Subak


Page 43

which was practiced by common people throughout the three kingdoms was adopted and

transformed by the Hwa-Rang, as they intensified and added more techniques to the discipline.

It was believed that a Hwa-Rang punch was so powerful as it could penetrate a wooden

armour of the enemy.

The Hwa-Rang code was established in the 30th year of King Chin-Hung’s rule. It was told

that a set of commandments was given by Wong-Gwang Popsa, a famous Buddhist warrior

monk, and based these on Confucian and Buddhist principles that were divided into five rules

and nine virtues.

The Hwa-Rang were the first group to possess a spiritual warrior code which was passed on to

Japan and gave birth to the famous Samurai tradition.

The zeal of Hwa-Rang helped Silla become the world’s first Buddhist kingdom and united the

three kingdoms of Korea. After the unification and the defeat of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the

people started to think more of philosophical ideas. With their vast knowledge of healing they

became known as specializing in Buddhist philosophy, healing and poetry and no longer as

royal warriors.

Student Notes:


Page 44

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 1st Kup



keep away.

Black - Opposite to white therefore signifying the maturity and proficiency in Tae Kwon-Do.

Also indicates the wearer’s imperviousness to darkness and fear.

Line work:

1. Low block, rising block combination reverse punch forward

2. Knife hand guarding block, upward elbow backward

3. Rear leg snap, turning kick combination, double punch forward

4. Double forearm block middle Section then L stance low section backward

5. Side kick, back Kick, reverse punch pull back guarding block forward

6. First 3 movements Won-Hyo backward

7. Turning kick, reverse turning kick, lead hand ridge hand, reverse punch pull back

guarding block forward

8. First 2 movements Toi-Gye backward

9. Front leg hook, side kick combination, then rear leg axe kick forward

10. Double hooking block, obverse punch, twin knife hand block backward

11. Knife hand guarding block, front Leg snap kick, flat fingertip thrust forward

12. U shape block fixed stance backward

13. Jumping side kick, rear leg, with step forward

14. Wedging block walking stance, knife hand strike L stance backward

15. Jumping front kick without step, pressing block low stance forward

16. X fist pressing block, X fist rising block.

Terminology:

Parts of the Body

Basic Movements


Side Fist Yop Joomuk Checking Block Momchau Makgi

Reverse Knife Hand Sonkal Dung Downward Block Naeryo Makgi

Double Arc Hand

Block

Doo Bandalson Makgi

Stances Stamping Kick Cha Bapgi

One Leg Stance Wae Bal Sogi Overhead Kick Twio Nomo Chagi


Page 45

Pattern: Choong Moo – 30 Movements

One Step Sparring






below).






3. Move the left leg into a sitting stance, focus with left hand, and execute double punch,



Page 46











arm lock.

















The Life of Choong-Moo

Yi Soon-Sin (Choong-Moo) was born in Seoul on April 25, 1545. His family moved to Asan

Chungcheongdo province where he started his education. He eventually took up the military

course, passed the entrance examination at the age of 32 and was appointed an officer to start

his military service.

Through the years he rose through the ranks and was appointed as naval commander of the

Left Division of Cheollado when he was 47 years old. This was the time when he came up

with the idea of the armoured battleship “Kobukson” which had iron plates covering the top

decks resembling a turtle’s shell. At his time the ship was regarded as revolutionary as being

the most developed warship of its time.

The Japanese Shogun Toyotomi Hideyoshi wanted conquest of China but knew it would be

financially draining thus requested that Korea aid in this request. But after being refused, he

ordered to attack Korea as his plan was to sweep through the peninsula and on to China.

With superior technology such as muskets imported from Europe, the Japanese troops reached


Page 47

Seoul in a matter of 2 weeks and occupied the entire country by May 1592.

In 1592 Admiral Yi Soon-Sin made headquarters in the port city of Yosu wherein he started

construction of the Kobukson. He engaged the Japanese at Okpa and was successful in setting

fire to 26 japanese ships and forced the rest to flee.

A courageous and tactical genius Admiral Yi fought every Japanese squadron he encountered

and seemed to always outguess the enemy. His bravery was shown by not demonstrating pain

when shot in the shoulder, rather revealing his injury once the battle was over.

Admiral Yi’s greatest engagement was on August 1592 when 100,000 Japanese

reinforcements headed to the Pyongyang peninsula. He confronted them among the islands off

the southern coast of Korea. He used his Kobukson to ram into the Japanese ships and his fleet

copied his actions and were successful in sinking 71 vessels. Reinforcements came and

Admiral Yi was able to sink 48 of them. It was considered as one for the history’s greatest

naval battles.

Admiral Yi also took command of the entire Korean Navy of 180 ships and used them to

attack the main Japanese naval forces that were still in anchor. He was able to sink over half of

the Japanese vessels and this has been regarded as the most important series of naval

engagements in history.

He was so dominant over the seas that no Japanese supply ship could reach Korea and forced

Japanese forces to dwindle.

But then a Japanese spy was able to ingratiate himself to the Korean General Kim Eung-Sun

and convinced that the Japanese was due to attack Korea with a great numbers. Choong-Moo

was ordered to sink the Japanese fleet but yet refused orders claiming the area given was

highly dangerous and filled with rocks. He was arrested due to insubordination and was

eventually demoted to a foot soldier where he responded with humility and followed such

orders.

Student Notes:


Page 48

1st Kup Theory Test

History of Tae Kwon Do

1. What Does Tae Kwon Do mean

2. What are the Tenets of Tae Kwon Do

3. If you had to choose a sixth Tenet, what would it be and why

4. Where and on what date was Tae Kwon Do inaugurated

5. Who was the founder of Tae Kwon-Do

6. When did he die

7. When was Tae Kwon-Do introduced into the U.K

8. What does TAGB stand for

9. When was the TAGB formed

10. Who is the national secretary of the TAGB

11. Who are the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the TAGB

12. Name the other members of the TAGB Management Council

13. What world wide organisation is the TAGB a member of

14. When was Tae Kwon-Do International inaugurated

15. What does BTC stand for

16. When was the BTC formed

17. What is the purpose of the BTC

18. Who is the Chairman of the BTC

19. What is the difference between WTF & ITF style Tae Kwon-Do

20. Which of these styles is TAGB Tae Kwon-Do based on

Colour and Belts

1. Heaven

2. Earth

3. Plants growth

4. Danger

5. Innocence

6. What does Black Belt mean

7. Why is there a black edging on a Black Belt dobok.

Targets (In English)

1. Name Four High section targets.

2. Name four Middle section targets.

3. Name three Low section targets.

4. Why is the Philtrum such a dangerous target?


Page 49

In Korean

1. What is the term for hand parts

2. Name six hand parts

3. What is the term for forearm

4. Name three parts of the forearm

5. What is the term for foot parts

6. Name four parts of the foot

7. Name two elbow strikes

8. Name three spear finger thrusts

9. Name ten kicks

10. Name two parts of the foot used for turning kick

11. Name two parts of the foot used for hooking kick

12. Name ten blocks and which parts of the body they use

13. Name eight different stances

Patterns and Set Sparring

1. What is a pattern

2. How many Tae Kwon-do patterns are there

3. Why do we perform patterns

4. Why do we learn pattern meanings

5. Name all the patterns you know and the number of moves in each

6. Name five forms of sparring we do

7. Name three of these in Korean

8. Why do we do one-step sparring

9. Why do we do three-step sparring

10. Why do we do three-step semi free sparring

General Questions

1. Why do you do Tae Kwon-Do

2. Why do you want to be a Black Belt7

3. Which colour belt patterns end in a left hand attack

4. Name the colour belt patterns that include a back fist strike

5. Name the colour belt patterns that contain release moves

6. What is the difference between the jump in Yul Gok and Toi Gye

7. What is the difference between move 6 in Won Hyo& move 6 in Hwa Rang and why

8. What are the three kingdoms of Korea

9. What have you given back to Tae Kwon-do since you started training

10. What is the difference between a strike and a thrust

11. Explain the meaning of indomitable spirit

12. What date did you start Tae Kwon-Do


Page 50

Junior Black Blck Belt

Test for 1st Star after 1 Year at 1

st Dan

Choice of Coloured Belt Pattern

Set Coloured Belt Pattern

Choice 1st Dan Pattern

Choice of Special Demonstration Technique (Jump High or Long to Hit Focus Pads)

2 x Sparring Rounds

All Terminology & Pattern Meanings

The student if not wishing to do a special technique can perform a pattern which they designed

themselves, either to music (not more than 2.5 minutes long), or without music (no more than

40 movements).


Test for 2nd Star after 2 Years at 1st Dan

Choice of Coloured Belt Pattern

Choice of Two 1st Dan Patterns

4 Direction special technique e.g. 4 targets held at compass points, pads to be struck in

quick succession to simulate a 4 direction attack. Multiple strikes to consist of no more

than 1 hand technique and each to be different to any of the others.

2 x Sparring Rounds

Theory – Multiple choice or 20/30 question test paper to be timed and completed at the

grading

The student if not wishing to do a special technique can perform a pattern which they designed

themselves, either to music (not more than 2.5 minutes long), or without music (no more than

40 movements)


Test for 3rd Star after 3 Years at 1st Dan

Perform all 1st Dan Patterns

Special technique – A jumping technique with multiple strikes e.g. 2 or more targets hit

while student is in the air (kicks).

The student will need to perform a pattern which they have designed, either to music

(not more than 2.5 minutes long), or without music (no more than 40 movements).

3 x Sparring Rounds

Theory – Essay or Project entitled “The Benefits of Tae Kwon-Do” to be presented to

the examiner at least 2 days prior to their grading.


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Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 1st Dan Black Belt

All Coloured Belt Patterns

All 1st Dan Patterns

All Three Step Sparring

All Two Step Sparring

One Step Sparring Take Downs Permitted

Free Sparring

All Terminology Applicable & All Pattern Meanings

Forward Low Knife Hand Guarding Block L Stance, Slip Front Foot to Walking Stance

Circular Block.

Backward Double Forearm Block, Reverse Low Block.

Forward Double Turning Kick, Reverse Punch Pull Back Guarding Block.

Backward Horizontal Punch (Soopyong Jirugi).

Forward Low, Middle Side Kick, Land In L Stance Inward Knife Hand Strike.

Backward U Shape Grasp.

Forward Jumping Turning Kick (No Step) Land Pressing Block, Normal Speed.

Backward X Knife Hand Block, L stance Single Upset Punch Opposite Hand to Shoulder.

Forward Twist Kick, Double Punch.

Backward 9 Shape Block In Walking Stance.

Forward Turning Kick, Jumping Side Kick Land Twin Vertical Punch Pull Back Guarding

Block.

Backward Rising Block, Then Low Outer Forearm Block, Double Arc Hand.

Forwards Front Leg Hook Kick Turning Kick Combination Then Rear Leg Axe Kick Land

Reverse Punch, Pull Back Guarding Block.

Backwards Jumping Spinning Back Kick, Land Then Wedging Block Inner Forearm in

Walking Stance.


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Pattern: 39 Movements

Student Notes:


Page 53

Pattern: Po Eun 36 Movements

Po Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400) who was a famous poet

and whose poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred

times" is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram

represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.

Start: Ready stance with heaven hands

1. Move the left foot to B, forming a right L-stance toward B while executing a middle

guarding block to B with the forearm.

2. Pull the right foot to the left knee joint to form a left one-leg stance toward D, at the

same time lifting both fists while turning the face toward A.

3. Execute a pressing kick to A with the right foot keeping the position of the hands as

they were in 2.

4. Lower the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a middle

side strike to A with the right knife-hand.

5. Execute an angle punch with the left fist while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

6. Execute a pressing block with the left, fore fist while executing a side front block with

the right inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

7. Execute a pressing block with the right fore fist and a side front block with the left inner

forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

8. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while maintaining a sitting

stance toward D.

9. Thrust to C with the right back elbow supporting the right fore fist with the left palm

keeping the face as it was in 8 while maintaining a sitting stance towards D.

10. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist slipping the left palm up to the right

elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

11. Thrust to C with the left back elbow supporting the left fore fist with right palm,

keeping the face as it was in 10 while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

12. Execute a right horizontal punch to A while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

Perform 6 through 12 in a continuous motion.

13. Cross the left foot over the right foot forming a right X-stance toward D while executing

a low front block to D with the right outer forearm and bringing the left finger belly on

the right under forearm.

14. Move the right foot to A forming a left L-stance toward A at the same time executing a

U-shape grasp to A.

15. Bring the left foot to the right foot forming a closed stance toward D while executing a

horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward B. Perform in slow motion

16. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a side back

strike to C with the right back fist and extending the left arm to the side downward


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17. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X-stance toward D while executing

a low front block with the left outer forearm and bringing the right finger belly to the

left side fist.

18. Move the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a low guarding

block to B with a reverse knife-hand.

19. Execute a forearm middle guarding block to A while forming a left L-stance toward A

pivoting with left foot.

20. Pull the left foot to the right knee joint to form a right one-leg stance toward D, at the

same time lifting both fists while turning the face toward B.

21. Execute a pressing kick to B with the left foot keeping the position of the hands as they

were in 20.

22. Lower the left foot to B to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a middle side

strike to B with the left knife-hand.

23. Execute an angle punch with the right fist while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

24. Execute a pressing block with the right, fore fist while executing a side front block with

the left inner forearm, maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

25. Execute a pressing block with the left fore fist and a side front block with the right inner

forearm while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

26. Execute a middle wedging block with the inner forearm while maintaining a sitting

stance toward D.

27. Thrust to C with the left back elbow supporting the left fore fist with the right palm

keeping the face as it was in 26 while maintaining a sitting stance towards D.

28. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist slipping the right palm up to the left

elbow joint while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

29. Thrust to C with the right back elbow supporting the right fore fist with left palm,

keeping the face as it was in 28 while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

30. Execute a left horizontal punch to B while maintaining a sitting stance toward D.

Perform 24 through 30 in a continuous motion.

31. Cross the right foot over the left foot forming a left X-stance toward D while executing

a low front block to D with the left outer forearm and bringing the right finger belly on

the left under forearm..

32. Move the left foot to B forming a right L-stance toward B at the same time executing a

U-shape grasp to B.

33. Bring the right foot to the left foot forming a closed stance toward D while executing a

horizontal thrust with a twin elbow, turning the face toward A. Perform in slow motion.

34. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a side back

strike to C with the left back fist and extending the right arm to the side downward.

35. Cross the left foot over the right foot forming a right X-stance toward D while executing

a low front block with the right outer forearm and bringing the left finger belly to the

right side fist.

36. Move the right foot to A to form a sitting stance toward D while executing a low

guarding block to A with a reverse knife-hand.


Page 55


Page 56

Pattern: Gae Baek 44 Movements

Gae Baek is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 AD). The

diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.

Start: Parallel ready stance

1. Move the right foot to C forming a right L-stance toward D while executing a checking

block D with an X-knife-hand.

2. Execute a low twisting kick to D with the right foot keeping the position of the hands as

they were in 1.

3. Lower the right foot to D forming a right walking stance toward D while executing a

middle punch to D with the right fist.

4. Execute a middle punch to D with the left fist while maintaining a right walking stance

toward D. Perform 3 and 4 in a fast motion.

5. Move the right foot to C forming a left walking stance toward D while executing a

rising block with the left forearm.

6. Execute a low block to D with the left forearm while maintaining a left walking stance

toward D. Perform 5 and 6 in a continuous motion.

7. Execute a high block to AD with a double arc hand while looking through it maintaining

a left walking stance toward D.

8. Turn the face toward D while forming a right bending ready stance A toward D.

9. Lower the left foot to AD to form a sitting stance toward AC while executing a scooping

block to AC with the left palm.

10. Execute a middle punch to AC with the right fist while maintaining a sitting stance

toward AC. Perform 9 and 10 in a connecting motion.

11. Execute a front strike to AC with the left back fist while maintaining a sitting stance

toward AC

12. Move the right foot on line AB and then move the left foot to C forming a right L-stance

toward C while executing a middle guarding block to C with a knife-hand.

13. Execute a low side front snap kick to C with the left foot keeping the position of the

hands as they were in 12.

14. Lower the left foot to C forming a left low stance toward C while executing a high

thrust to C with the left flat finger tip.

15. Execute a high thrust to C with the right flat finger tip while maintaining a left low

stance toward C.

16. Execute a middle side piercing kick to C with the right foot while pulling both hands in

the opposite direction.

17. Lower the right foot to C forming a right L-stance toward D while executing a middle


Page 57

guarding block to D with the forearm.

18. Move the right foot to D turning counter clockwise to form a right L-stance toward C

while executing a middle guarding block to C with the forearm.

19. Move the left foot to D turning counter clockwise to form a right L-stance toward D

while executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife-hand.

20. Move the left foot on line CD to form a sitting stance toward A while executing a right

9-shape block.

21. Move the right foot to D, turning counter-clockwise to form a left walking stance

toward C while executing a low block to C with the left knife-hand.

22. Execute a middle turning kick to BC with the right foot and then lower it to C.

23. Execute a flying side piercing kick to C with the right foot. Perform 22 and 23 in a fast

motion.

24. Land to C to form a right walking stance toward C while executing a high vertical punch

to C with a twin fist.

25. Execute a high block to AC with a double arc-hand while looking through it maintaining

a right walking stance toward C.

26. Execute an upset punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right walking stance

toward C.

27. Move the right foot on line CD, forming a left walking stance toward D while striking

the left palm with the right front elbow.

28. Jump to D, forming a right x-stance toward BD while executing a high block to D with

the right double forearm.

29. Move the left foot to BC to form a sitting stance toward BD, at the same time executing

a scooping block to BD with the right palm.

30. Execute a middle punch to BD with the left fist while maintaining a sitting stance

toward BD. Perform 29 and 30 in a connecting motion.

31. Execute a front strike to BD with the right back fist while maintaining a sitting stance

toward BD.

32. Move the left foot to C, forming a left walking stance toward C, at the same time

executing a high front strike to C with the right reverse knife-hand.

33. Move the left foot to A about half a shoulder width while executing a middle turning

kick to C with the right foot.

34. Lower the right foot to C, and then turn counter-clockwise to form a left walking stance

toward D, pivoting with the right foot while executing a high vertical punch to D with a

twin fist.

35. Execute a middle punch to D with the right middle knuckle fist, bringing the left side

first in front of the right shoulder while forming a right L-stance toward D pulling the

left foot.

36. Move the right foot to D to form a sitting stance toward B, at the same time executing

left 9-shape block.

37. Execute a low guarding block to C with a reverse knife-hand while maintaining a sitting

stance toward B.

38. Execute a low guarding block to D with a knife-hand while maintaining a sitting stance

toward B. Perform 37 and 38 in a continuous motion.

39. Move the left foot to D in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance toward A while

executing a W-shape block with the outer forearm.


Page 58

40. Move the left foot to C in a stamping motion to form a sitting stance toward B while

executing a W-shape block with the outer forearm.

41. Move the right foot to C forming a right walking stance toward C while executing a

rising block with the right forearm.

42. Execute a middle punch to C with the left fist while maintaining a right walking stance

toward C.

43. Move the right foot on line CD forming a left walking stance toward D while executing

a rising block with the left forearm.

44. Execute a middle punch to D with the right fist while maintaining a left walking stance

toward D.


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Page 60

Black Belt Theory Test

1. What is the difference between a thrust and a strike?

2. How many coloured belt patterns have a release in them?

3. How many coloured belt patterns have a back-fist strike in?

4. Name five types of back-fist strike?

5. How many coloured belt patterns have a fingertip thrust in them?

6. Name three coloured belt patterns that start in Moa Sogi?

7. How do you create power?

8. What is the Korean word for `breaking'?

9. What is the Korean term for consecutive kick and what does it mean?

10. What is the Korean word for combination kick and what does it mean?

11. Name three kicks that use the heel?

12. Name five vital spots of the upper body?

13. Name five vital spots of the middle body?

14. Name five vital spots on the lower body?

15. Count to ten in Korean.

16. Why do we twist the fist to punch?

17. What is the meaning of `Hwa-Rang'?

18. How many people are on the TAGB Committee?

19. Who are they?

20. What are their titles?

21. When was Tae Kwon-Do inaugurated?

22. What year did Tae Kwon-Do come to Great Britain?

23. When was the TAGB formed?

24. When was the BTC (British Tae Kwon-Do Council) formed?

25. When was Tae Kwon-Do International created?

26. What is the significance of the year 2333BC?

27. Who was Admiral Yi Sun Sin?

28. Why does the pattern Choong Moo end in a left hand attack?

29. Who was Ahn Joong Gun?

30. What is the significance of 29 movements in pattern Hwa Rang?

31. What is the significance of the year 686AD?

32. Who was Yi Hwang?

33. Who was Ahn Ch'ang Ho?

34. What do the 38 movements in Yul Gok represent?

35. What else does 38 signify in Yul-Gok?

36. Who was Yi I?

37. When would you use your toes to perform a kick?

38. What is the difference between `dwit' and `dung'?

39. What is the purpose of stances?

40. What is the difference between a back kick and a reverse side kick?

41. What is the Korean name for `grabbing knee kick'?

42. What is the blocking tool for `golcha makgi'?

43. What is the blocking tool in `digutja makgi'?

44. What is the difference between back back-fist strike and side back-fist strike?

45. How do you know if a stance is a left or right stance?


Page 61

46. What are the weight distributions for walking stance, low stance, L-stance, X-stance and

rear foot stance?

47. When you perform ànuro sonkal taerigi' (2nd move in Won Hyo), what is the other arm

used for?

48. Green signifies a plant's growth - what does the plant represent?

49. Who introduced Tae Kwon-Do to the UK?

50. What does `sun' mean?

51. What is `doo palmok makgi' used for?

52. What is `dollimyo makgi' used for?

53. What were the three kingdoms of Korea?

54. When were the three kingdoms unified?

55. When was the Yi Dynasty formed?

56. In `kaunde sun sonkut tulgi' what techniques are you performing?

57. What is the difference between a twin forearm block `sang palmok makgi' and double

forearm block `doo palmok makgi'?

58. Name the different knife hand strikes you know?

59. Name the different finger tip thrusts you know and possible target areas?

60. General Korean - inward, upward etc

61. In `Yul Gok' when performing elbow strike, what is the hand you are striking used for?

62. Why is the palm facing up on a low section upset finger tip thrust?

63. Why do we use inner and outer forearm to block with?

64. Name the different elbow strikes & thrusts you know?

65. Name the kicks you know and the striking tool used?

66. What is the Korean name and purpose of double arc hand block?

67. What is the Korean name and purpose of horizontal punch?

68. What is the Korean name and purpose of 9-Shaped Block?

69. What do the pattern interpretations mean to you?

70. What is a pattern?

71. Why do we perform patterns?

72. Why do we learn the interpretation of patterns?

73. Who is your regional representative?

74. When did General Choi Hong Hi die?

75. What two further tenets would you suggest?

76. What is the formula for power?

77. What is kinetic energy?

78. What does Moa Junbi Sogi À' represent?

79. Why do we perform `kyocha joomuk chookyo makgi' (as in Joong Gun)?

80. Why do we perform `kaunde sonkal taerigi' in L-stance in Dan Gun (movement 18) but in

sitting stance in Do San (movement 23)?

81. Why do we pull our elbows down sharply in `sonkal daebi makgi' and `palmok daebi

makgi'?

82. What is Tae Kwon-Do?

83. What are the components of Tae Kwon-Do?

84. What is Taek Kyon?

85. What are the targets for `high flat fingertip thrust'?

86. Why do we practise patterns beyond 6th Dan?

87. Why are the floating ribs a vulnerable target area?


Page 62

88. What does Mikulgi mean?

89. Why do we perform a breaking test?

90. Why do we perform 1 step sparring?

91. Why do Black Belts have additional black trim on their doboks?

92. How many coloured belt patterns have a bending ready stance in them?

93. What is the Korean for `turn'?

94. What is the Korean term for `waving kick' and what is its purpose?

95. What is the Korean for the following?

96. What are `sonkal batang' and ùmji batang'?

97. What could you tell someone who was interested in Tae Kwon-Do about the TAGB?

98. What was the largest of the three kingdoms of Korea?

99. What is the difference between the side punch performed in Won Hyo (third move) and in

Hwa Rang (fifth move)?

100. What is the Korean for `Tenet'?

101. What are the tenets of Tae Kwon-Do in Korean?

102. What impact has Tae Kwon-Do had on your life?

103. What does being a Black Belt mean to you?

104. How would you say you have changed since your last grading?

105. What is the difference between an inward block and an inside block?

106. Why might you use knife hand to block rather than the forearm?

107. Is 4 directional punch `saju jirugi' a pattern?

108. Which kicks can use the instep as a striking tool?

109. Name the following parts of the arm in Korean (the examiner will demonstrate)?

110. What is the difference between side piercing kick and side thrusting kick?

111. What is the Korean term for wrist release?

112. What is the difference between WTF and ITF style Tae Kwon-Do?

113. What is the difference between turning punch `dollyo jirugi' and angle punch `giokja

jirugi'?

114. What is the significance of the colours in the Tae Kwon-Do International logo?

115. What is the Korean term for wedging block and what is its use?

116. When might you use crescent kick?

117. What is the Korean term for master and who can use this title?

118. What is `sonbadak noollo makgi' used for?

119. What is Confucianism?

120. What is Neo-Confucianism?


Page 63

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 2nd

Dan Black Belt



All 2nd

Dan Patterns




Free Sparring


Forward Double Side Kick, Spinning Back Kick, Lead Hand Ridge Hand, Change Leg.

Backward 1st 4 Moves Ko-Dang.

Forward Front Leg Hook/Side Kick Combination, Rear Leg Axe Kick Land Reverse

Punch Pull Back Guarding Block.

Backward Double Knife Hand Strike In Walking Stance.

Forward Hook Kick Land Cross Cut Finger Tips, Land Guarding Block (Ko-Dang).

Backward Wedging/Circular/Downward Double Palm Blocks, Reverse Punch Reverse

Knife Hand.

Forward Rear Leg, Front/Turning Kick Combination, Axe Kick Same Leg, Reverse

Punch, Lead Hand Ridge Hand.

Backward Double Pressing Palm Block in L Stance, Then High Inward Block, Back Fist

Strike.

Forward Jumping Reverse Turning Kick 4 Times, Knife Hand Strike, Elbow Strike

Slipping Front Foot.

Backward Downward Back Hand Strike in L Stance Opposite Hand Reverse Punch,

Reverse Knife Hand Block, Low 9 Shape Block.

Forward Front Kick Reverse Arc Hand Strike.

Backward Low Knife Hand Block, Reverse Palm Strike Walking Stance.

Forward Twist Kick, X Fist Pressing Block/Knife Hand Rising Block, Guard with

Kicking Leg Forward.

Backward Downward Elbow Then Downward Outer Forearm Block (Ko-Dang).

Forward Jumping Side Kick with Step.

Backward Jumping Back Kick 4 Times, Then Twin Knife Hand Strike Walking Stance,

(Choong-Jang).


Page 64

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 3rd

Dan Black Belt



All 2nd

Dan Patterns

All 3rd

Dan Patterns




Free Sparring


Forward Double Side Kick, Spinning Back Kick, Lead Hand Ridge Hand, Change Leg.

Backward X Fist Pressing/X Knife Hand Rising Block Twist Hands Reverse Punch

From Yoo Sin.

Forward Front Leg Hook/Side Kick Combination, Rear Leg Axe Kick Land Reverse

Punch Pull Back Guarding Block.

Backward Double Forearm Block, Reverse Low Block Yoo Sin.

Forward Back Hand Strike L Stance, Crescent Kick Hitting Palm, Side Kick Same Leg

Land Back Hand Strike.

Backward U Shape Punch.

Forward Rear Leg, Front/Turning Kick Combination, Axe Kick Same Leg, Reverse

Punch Lead Hand Ridge hand.

Backward Twin Punch Low Section In L Stance from Sam-Il.

Forward Jumping Reverse Turning Kick 4 Times, Knife Hand Strike, Elbow Strike

Slipping Front Foot.

Backward Low Outer Forearm Block In L Stance, Opposite Hand Armpit, Punch

Opposite Hand Shoulder.

Forward Reverse Turning/Side Kick Combination, Front Elbow Strike, Guard with


Backward Reverse Inward Outer Forearm Block, Obverse Punch From Sam-Il.

Forward Twist Kick, X Fist Pressing Block/Knife Hand Rising Block, Guard with


Backward Knife Hand Rising Block, Circular Block, Obverse Punch from Choi-Yong

Forward Jumping Side Kick With Step

Backward Jumping Back Kick 4 Times, Then Twin Knife Hand Strike Walking Stance,

(Choong-Jang).


Page 65

Newport Tae Kwon-Do

Grading Requirements for 4th Dan Black Belt

Any 1st or 2nd Dan Pattern of Own Choice. Then One coloured belt pattern of own choice. 1st, 2nd or 3rd Dan patterns chosen by examiner.

1st, 2nd or 3rd Dan patterns chosen by examiner. 1st, 2nd or 3rd Dan patterns chosen by examiner.

3 4th Dan patterns.

All Set sparring

The examiners set the line work therefore it can be anything. Here are a few examples of recent

floor work. (A lot of emphasis is placed on your knowledge of the black belt syllabus, therefore a

considerable amount of the floor work is taken from previous Dan grades)

Reverse Pressing Block (Se-Jong)

Inward Outer Forearm Block, Rear Foot Stance, Slip Back Foot, Inward Palm Block

Walking Stance

Double Reverse Knife-Hand Block (Tong-Il)

Obverse Under-fist Strike, Reverse Palm Strike (Tong IL)

High Reverse Knife-Hand Strike, Opposite Hand In Front Of Head (Ul-Ji)

Double Forearm Block, Reverse Low Block

Twin Horizontal Punch

Rising Block, Low Block, Double Arc Hand

Turning Kick, Jumping Kick, Twin Vertical Punch, Guarding Block

Jumping Spinning Back Kick, Then Wedging Block, Inner Forearm Walking Stance

The First 4 Moves Of Ko-Dang

Down Backhand L Stance Opposite Hand Punch, Then Reverse Knife-Hand Block Low, 9

Shape Block

Low Knife-Hand Block, Reverse Palm Strike, Walking Stance

Twist Kick, X Fist Pressing Block, Knife-Hand Rising Block, Land In A Guard With Your

Kicking Leg In Front

Double Knife-Hand Strike Walking Stance

Cresent Kick, Crosscut, Guarding Block (Ko-Dang)

X Fist Pressing Block, X Fist Rising Block, Twist Hands, Reverse Punch (Yoo-Sin)

Knife-Hand Rising Block, Circular Block, Obverse Punch (Choi-Yong)

Twin Punch In L Stance, Low Section (Sam-Il)

U Shape Punch

Rear Leg Front, Turning Kick Combination, Axe Kick Same Leg, Reverse Punch, Lead

Hand Ridge-Hand

Jumping Back Kick, Then Twin Knife-Hand Strike in Walking Stance


Page 66

Complete Terminology Index

HAND TECHNIQUE SON GISOOL

Vertical Punch Sewo Jirugi

Side Punch Yop Jirugi

Side Front Punch Yobap Jirugi

Upward Punch Ollyo Jirugi

Upset Punch Dwijibo Jirugi

U-shape Punch Digutj Jirugi

Crescent Punch Bandal Jirugi

Downward Punch Naeryo Jirugi

Turning Punch Dollyo Jirugi

Angle Punch Giokja Jirugi

Knuckle Fist Punch Songarak Joomuk Jirugi

Twin Fore-knuckle Fist Sang Han Songarak Joomuk

Middle Knuckle Fist Kaunde Joongji Joomuk Jirugi

Twin Middle Knuckle Fist Sang Kaunde Joongji Joomuk Jirugi

Thumb Knuckle Fist Umji Songarak Joomuk

Horizontal Punch Soopyong Jirugi

Long Fist Punch Ghin Joomuk Jirugi

Open Fist Punch Pyon Joomuk Jirugi

Double Fist Punch Doo Joomuk Jirugi

Horizontal Thrust Soopyong Tulgi

Twin Elbow Sang Palkup

Single Elbow Wae Palkup

Back Elbow Dwit Palkup


Page 67

Twin Side Back Elbow Sang Yop Dwit Palkup

Cross Cut Ghutgi

Inward Cross Cut Anuro Ghutgi

Outward Cross Cut Bakuro Ghutgi

Side Cross Cut Yop Ghutgi

Upper Elbow Strike Wi Palkup Taerigi

Upper Back Elbow Strike Widwi Palkup Taerigi

Front Elbow Strike Ap Palkup Taerigi

High Elbow Strike Nopun Palkup Taerigi

Inward Knife-Hand Strike Anuro Sonkal Taerigi

Twin Knife-hand Strike Sang Sonkal Taerigi

Reverse Knife-hand Strike Sonkal Dung Taerigi

Twin Reverse Knife-hand Strike Sang Sonkal Dung Taerigi

Under Fist Strike Mit Joomuk Taerigi

Bear Hand Strike Gomson Taerigi

Finger Pincers Strike Jipge Son Taerigi

Downward Strike Naeryo Taerigi

Side Downward Strike Yop Naeryo Taerigi

Side Downward Knife-Hand Strike Yop Naeryo Sonkal Taerigi

Side Downward Side Fist Strike Yop Naeryo Yop Joomuk Taerigi

Side Downward Back Hand Strike Yop Naeryo Sondung Taerigi

Front Downward Strike Ap Naeryo Taerigi

Outward Knife-hand strike Bakuro Sonkal Taerigi

Outward Side-fist Strike Bakuro Yop Joomuk Taerigi

Knife Hand Side Strike Sonkal Yop Taerigi


Page 68

Side Fist Strike Yop Joomuk Taerigi

Back Fist Strike Dung Joomuk Taerigi

Twin Back Fist Sang Dung Joomuk Taerigi

Back Hand Strike Sondung Taerigi

Twin Back Hand Sang Sondung Taerigi

Back Fist Wedging Strike Dung Joomuk Hechyo Taerigi

Knife-Hand Horizontal Strike Sonkal Soopyong Taerigi

Twin Back Fist Horizontal Strike Sang Dung Joomuk Soopyong Taerigi

Twin Side Fist Horizontal Strike Sang Yop Joomuk Soopyong Taerigi

Twin Back Hand Horizontal Strike Sang Sondung Taerigi

Back Fist Side Front Strike Dung Joomuk Yobap Taerigi

Back Hand Side Front Strike Sondung Yobap Taerigi

Reverse Knife-hand Side Front Strike Sonkal Dung Yobap Taerigi

Front Back-fist Strike Ap Dung Joomuk Taerigi

Front Knife-hand Strike Ap Sonkal Taerigi

Front Reverse Knife-hand Strike Ap Sonkal Dung Taerigi

Crescent Strike Bandal Taerigi

Arc Hand Crescent Strike Bandal Son Taerigi

Finger Pincers Crescent Strike Jipge Son Bandal Taerigi

Backside Strike Yopdwi Taerigi

Side Front Strike Yobap Taerigi

Reverse Knife-hand Side Front Strike Sonkal Dung Yobap Taerigi

THRUSTING TECHNIQUE TULGI

Fingertip Sonkut Tulgi

Double Fingertip Doo Sonkut Tulgi


Page 69

Flat Fingertip Opun Sonkut Tulgi

Upset Fingertip Dwijibo Sonkut Tulgi

Straight Fingertip Sun Sonkut Tulgi

Angle Fingertip Homi Sonkut Tulgi

Downward Thrust Naeryo Tulgi

Straight Elbow Sun Palkup Tulgi

Side Thrust Yop Tulgi

Double Fingertip Doo Sonkut Tulgi

Side-front Thrust Yobap Tulgi

Side Elbow Yop Palkup

Single Side Elbow Wae Yop Palkup

Twin Side Elbow Sang Yop Palkup

FLYING HAND TECHNIQUE TWIMYO SON GISOOL

Flying Punch Twimyo Jirugi

Flying Vertical Punch Twimyo Sewo Jirugi

Flying Upset Punch Twimyo Dwijibo Jirugi

Flying Front Punch Twimyo Ap Jirugi

Flying Side Strike Twimyo Yop Taerigi

Flying Side Front Strike Twimyo Yobap Taerigi

Flying Back Fist Side Strike Twimyo Dung Joomuk Yop Taerigi

Flying Back Hand Side Strike Twimyo Sondung Yop Taerigi

Flying Knife-hand Side Strike Twimyo Sonkal Yop Taerigi

Flying Side-fist Side Strike Twimyo Yop Joomuk Yop Taerigi

Flying Front Strike Twimyo Ap Taerigi


Page 70

Flying Reverse Knife-hand Front Strike Twimyo Sonkal Dung Ap Taerigi

Flying Back-fist Front Strike Twimyo Dung Joomuk Ap Taerigi

Flying Mid-air Strike Twio Dolmyo Taerigi

Flying Spinning 180 Degree 180 Twio Dolmyo Taerigi

Flying Spinning 360 Degree 360 Twio Dolmyo Taerigi

Flying Flat Fingertip Cross-cut Twimyo Opun Sonkut Ghutgi

Flying Flat Fingertip Inward Cross-cut Twimyo Opun Sonkut Anuro Ghutgi

Flying Flat Fingertip Outward Cross-cut Twimyo Opun Sonkut Bakuro Ghutgi

Flying Double Attack Twimyo I - Jung Gong Gyok

Flying Double Punch Twimyo I - Jung Jirigu

Flying Vertical Double Side Punch Twimyo Soojik I - Jung Yop Jirugi

Flying Middle Knuckle Fist Twimyo Kaunde Joongi Joomuk Jirugi

FOOT TECHNIQUES BAL GISOOL

KICK PREFIXES N / B

Front Ap

Side Yop

Piercing Cha Jirugi

Raising Olligi

Thrusting Cha Tulgi

Snap Cha Busigi

Skipping Durokamyo

Dodging Kick Pihamyo Chagi

Consecutive Yonsuk Chagi

Combination Kick Honhap Chagi


Page 71

Direction of Kicks Chon Bang Hyang

Foot Shifting Jajun Bal

Spot Kicks Gujari Chagi

Flying Kick Twimyo Chagi

KICKS CHAGI

Turning Dollyo Chagi

Reverse Turning Bandae Dollyo Chagi

Hooking Golcha Chagi

Reverse Hooking Bandae Dollyo Goro Chagi

Front Snap Kick Apcha Busigi

Back Snap Kick Dwitcha Busigi

Side Front Snap Kick Yopap Cha Busigi

Twisting Bituro Chagi

Low Twisting Najunde Bituro Chagi

Middle Twisting Kaunde Bituro Chagi

High Twisting Nopunde Bituro Chagi

Front Rising Ap Cha Olligi

Side Rising Yop Cha Olligi

Front Piercing Ap Cha Jirugi

Side Piercing Yop Cha Jirugi

Back Piercing Dwitcha Jirugi

U-Shape Punching Kick Digutja Jirumyo Chagi

Side Punching Kick Yop Jirumyo Chagi

Front Punching Kick Ap Jirumyo Chagi

Front Checking Apcha Momchugi


Page 72

Side Checking Yopcha Momchugi

Side Pushing Kick Yopcha Milgi

Back Pushing Kick Dwitcha Milgi

Downward Naero Chagi

Pick-Shape Kick Gokaeng-I Chagi

Crescent Bandal Chagi

Vertical Sewo Chagi

Stamping Cha Bapgi

Sweeping Suroh Chagi

Straight Kick Jigeau Chagi

Pressing Kick Noollo Chagi

Skip Kick Duro Gamyo Chagi

Double Kick L-Jung Chagi

Triple Kick Samjung Chagi

Upward Kick (Knee) Ollyo Chagi

Outward Kick Baturo Chagi

Punching Kick Jirumyo Chagi

Horizontal Striking Kick Soopyong Taerimyo Chagi

Side Turning (On 75 Degree) Yop Dollyo Chagi

Inward Kick Anuro Chagi

Waving Kick Doro Chagi

Foot Tackling (Take down) Bal Golgi

Grasping Kick Butjapyo Chagi

Counter Kick Bada Chagi

Checking Cha Mumchugi


Page 73

FLYING TECHINQUES TWIMYO GISOOL

Flying Front Kick Twimyo Ap Chagi

Flying Side Front Kick Twimyo Yobap Chagi

Flying Turning Kick Twimyo Yop Chagi

Flying Hooking Kick Twimyo Golcho Chagi

Flying Reverse Turning Kick Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Chagi

Flying Side Piercing Kick Twimyo Yopcha Jirugi

Flying Side Thrusting Kick Twimyo Yopcha Tulgi

Flying Side Pushing Kick Twimyo Yopcha Milgi

Flying High Kick Twimyo Nopi Chagi

Flying Twisting Kick Twimyo Bituro Chagi

Flying Crescent Kick Twimyo Bandal Chagi

Flying Hooking Kick Twimyo Golcho Chagi

Flying Double Side Kick Twimyo I - Jung Yop Chagi

Flying Double Turning Kick Twimyo I - Jung Dollyo Chagi

Flying Double Front Kick Twimyo I - Jung Ap Chagi

Flying Double Twisting Kick Twimyo I - Jung Bituro Chagi

Flying Triple Kick Twimyo Samjung Chagi

Flying Two Directional Kick Twimyo Sangbang Chagi

Flying Three Directional Kick Twimyo Sambang Chagi

Flying Twin Foot Front Kick Twimyo Sangbal Ap Chagi

Flying Front-Back Kick Twimyo Apdwi Chagi

Flying Combination Kick Twimyo Honap Chagi

Flying Consecutive Kick Twimyo Yonsok Chagi


Page 74

Overhead Kick Twio Nomo Chagi

Overhead Double Kick Twio Nomo I-Jung Chagi

Flying Vertical Kick Twimyo Sewo Chagi

Flying High Kick Twimyo Nopi Chagi

Flying Downward Kick Twimyo Naeryo Chagi

Flying Twin Foot Front Kick Twimyo Sangbal Ap Chagi

Flying Twin Foot Front Checking Kick Twimyo Sangbal Apcha Momchugi

Flying Twin Foot Side Piercing Kick Twimyo Sangbal Yopcha Jirugi

Flying Double Foot Side Pushing Kick Twimyo Doobal Yopcha Milgi

Flying Twin Foot Middle Twisting Kick Twimyo Sangbal Kaude Bituro Chagi

Flying Twin Foot High Kick Twimyo Sangbal Nopi Chagi

Mid-Air Kick Twio Dolmyo Chagi

Mid-Air Double Kick Twio Dolmyo I - Jung Chagi

Tumbling Kick (Back Summersault) Joma Chagi

Flying Spiral Kick Twimyo Rasonsik Chagi

Flying Scissors-shape Kick Twimyo Kawi Chagi

Flying Square Punching Kick Twio Sagak Jirumyo Chagi

Flying Trapezoid Punching Kick Twio Jaegak Jirumyo Chagi

Flying U-shape Punching Kick Twio Digutja Jirumyo Chagi

Flying Horizontal Striking Kick Twio Soopyong Taerimyo Chagi

Reflex Kick (using wall) Bansa Chagi

STANCE SOGI

Side Facing Yopmom

Full Facing Ohnmom

Half Facing Bahnmom


Page 75

Sitting Annun Sogi

Parallel Narini Sogi

Walking Gunnun Sogi

Attention Charyot Sogi

Diagonal Sasun Sogi

L Niunja Sogi

X Kyocha Sogi

Fixed Gojung Sogi

Close Mao Sogi

Bending Guburyo Sogi

One Leg Waebal Sogi

Vertical Soo Jik Sogi

Rear Foot Dwit Bal Sogi

Low Nachuo Sogi

Outer Open Stance (45 Degree) Bakat Palja Sogi

Inner Open Stance (toes inward) An Palja Sogi

Ready Junbi Sogi

Parallel Ready Narani Junbi Sogi

Walking Ready Gunnun Junbi Sogi

Bending Ready Guburyo Junbi Sogi

Warrior Ready Stance Moosa Junbi Sogi

L-Ready Niunja Junbi Sogi

X-Ready Kyocha Junbi Sogi

Sitting Ready Annun Junbi Sogi

Close Ready (type A,B,C) Moa Junbi Sogi (A,B,C)


Page 76

Crouched Oguryo Sogi

BLOCKS MAKGI

High Block Nopunde Makgi

Middle Block Kaunde Makgi

Low Block Najunde Makgi

Outside Block Bakat Makgi

Inside Block An Makgi

Outward Block Bakuro Makgi

Inward Block Anuro Makgi

Knife-hand Low Block Sonkal Najunde Makgi

Forearm Low Block Palmok Najunde Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Low Block Sonkal Dung Najunde Makgi

Palm Low Block Sonbadak Najunde Makgi

Rising Block Chookyo Makgi

X-Fist Rising Block Gyocha Joomuk Chookyo Makgi

X-knife-hand Rising Block Gyocha Sonkal Chookyo Makgi

Twin Palm Rising Block Sang Sonbadak Chookyo Makgi

Arc-Hand Rising Block Bandal Son Chookyo Makgi

Double arc hand Block Doobandalson Makgi

Double Forearm Block Doo Polmok Makgi

Twin Forearm Block Sang Palmok Makgi

Circular Block Dollimyo Makgi

Dodging Block Pihagi Makgi

Grasping Block Butjaba Makgi

Nine (9) -Shape Block Gutja Makgi


Page 77

Louring Block Yuin Makgi

Flat Block Opun Makgi

Waist Block Hori Makgi

Checking Block Momchau Makgi

Straight Forearm Sun Palmok

Side Front Block Yobap Makgi

X-fist Block Gyocha Joomuk

X-knife hand Block Gyocha Sonkal Makgi

U-shape Block Digutia Makgi

U-shape Grasp Digutja Japji

Upward Block Ollyo Makgi

Palm Upward Block Sonbadak Ollyo Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Upward Block Sonkal Dung Ollyo Makgi

Thumb Ridge Upward Block Umji Batang Ollyo Makgi

Bow Wrist Upward Block Sonmok Dung Ollyo Makgi

Twin Palm Upward Block Sang Sonbadak Ollyo Makgi

Downward Block Naeryo Makgi

Palm Downward Block Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi

Twin Palm Downward Block Sang Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi

Alternate Palm Downward Block Euhkallin Sonbadak Naeryo Makgi

Twin Forearm Downward Block Sang Palmok Naeryo Makgi

Knife-hand Downward Block Sonkal Naeryo Makgi

Twin Knife-hand Downward Block Sang Sonkal Naeryo Makgi

Straight Elbow Downward Block Sun Palkup Naeryo Makgi

X-fist Downward Block Gyocha Joomuk Naeryo Makgi


Page 78

X-knife-hand Downward Block Gyocha Sonkal Naeryo Makgi

Pressing Block Noollo Makgi

Palm Pressing Block Sonbadak Noollo Makgi

Fore-fist Pressing Block Ap Joomuk Noollo Makgi

Twin Palm Pressing Block Sang Sonbadak Noollo Makgi

X-Fist Pressing Block Gyocha Joomuk Noollo Makgi

Hooking Block Golcho Makgi

Palm Hooking Block Sonbadak Golcho Makgi

Forearm Hooking Block Palmok Golcho Makgi

Knife-hand Hooking Block Sonkal Golcho Makgi

Back-hand Hooking Block Sondung Golcho Makgi

Wedging Block Hechyo Makgi

Inner Forearm Wedging Block An Palmok Hechyo Makgi

Outer Forearm Wedging Block Bakat Palmok Hechyo Makgi

Knife-hand Wedging Block Sonkal Hechyo Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Wedging Block Sonkal Dung Hechyo Makgi

Vertical Block Sewo Makgi

W-shape Block San Makgi

Outer W-shape Block Bakat San Makgi

Knife-hand W-shape Block Sonkal San Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand W-shape Block Sonkal Dung San Makgi

Inner W-shape Block An San Makgi

Front Block Ap Makgi

Twin Palm Front Block Sang Sonbadak Ap Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Front Block Sonkal Dung Ap Makgi


Page 79

X-fist Front Block Gyocha Joomuk

X-Knife hand Front Block Gyocha Sonkal Ap Makgi

Side Block Yop Makgi

Knife hand Side Block Sonka Yop Makgi

Forearm Side Block Palmok Yop Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Side Block Sonkal Dung Yop Makgi

Single Straight Forearm Block Wae Sun Palmok

Twin Straight Forearm Block Sang Sun Palmok Makgi

Twin Straight Knife-hand Sang Sun Sonkal Makgi

Parallel Block Narani Makgi

Inner Forearm Parallel Block An Palmok Narani Makgi

Outer Forearm Parallel Block Bakat Palmok Narani Makgi

Knife-hand Parallel Block Sonkal Narani Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Parallel Block Sonkal Dung Narani Makgi

Back Forearm Parallel Block Dwit Palmok Narani Makgi

Back Hand Parallel Block Sondung Narani Makgi

Pushing Block Miro Makgi

Palm Pushing Block Sonbadak Miro Makgi

Double Forearm Pushing Block Doo Palmok Miro Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Pushing Block Sonkal Dung Miro Makgi

Knife hand Pushing Block Sonkal Miro Makgi

Scooping Block Duro Makgi

Palm Scooping Block Songbadak Duro Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Scooping Block Sonkal Dung Duro Makgi

Guarding Block Daebi Makgi


Page 80

Forearm Guarding Block Palmok Daebi Makgi

Knife-hand Guarding Block Sonkal Daebi Makgi

Inner Forearm Guarding Block An Palmok Daebi Makgi

Knife-hand Low Guarding Block Sonkal Najunde Daebi Makgi

Reverse Knife-hand Low Guarding Block Sonkal Dung Najunde Daebi Makgi

Twin Forearm Block Sang Palmok Makgi

Twin Knife-hand Sang Sonkal Makgi

Horizontal Block Soopyong Makgi

Twin Palm Horizontal Block Sang Sonbadak Soopyong Makgi

Twin Knife-hand Horizontal Block Sang Sonkal Soopyong Makgi

GROUND TECHNIQUES NOOWO GISOOL

Ground Punch Noowo Jirugi

Ground Downward Strike Noowo Naeryo Taerigi

Ground Inward Strike Noowo Anuro Taerigi

Ground Thrust Noowo Tulgi

Ground Cross Cut Noowo Ghutgi

Holding Bachigi

Checking Momchugi

Covering Karioogi

Parallel Palm Narani Sonbadak

X Back Hand Kyocha Sondung

Parallel Back Hand Narani Sondung

Overlapping Back Hand Pagaen Sondung

Ground Front Snap Kick Noowo Apcha Busigi

Ground Side Piercing Kick Noowo Topcha Jirugi


Page 81

Ground Downward kick Noowo Naeryi Chagi

Ground Turning Kick Noowo Dollyo Chagi

Ground Side Thrusting Kick Noowo Yopcha Tulgi

Ground Twisting Kick Noowo Bituro Chagi

Ground Front Checking Kick Noowo Apcha Momchugi

Ground Crescent Kick Noowo Bandal Chagi

Ground Dodging Kick Noowo Pihagi

Ground Knee Bending Noowo Moorup Gulburigi

Ground Leg Crossing Noowo Dari Kogi

BODY PARTS MOM BANSIN

HAND PARTS SANG BANSIN

Fore-fist Ap Joomuk

Side-fist Yop Joomuk

Back-fist Dung Joomuk

Under Fist Mit Joomuk

Long Fist Ghin Joomuk

Open Fist Phun Joomuk

Knuckle Fist Songarak Joomuk

Middle Knuckle Fist Joongi Joomuk

Fore-Knuckle Fist Inji Joomuk

Thumb Knuckle Fist Umji Joomuk

Knife-hand Sonkal

Reverse Knife-hand Sonkal Dung

Base Of Knife-hand Sonkal Batang

Fingertip Sonkut


Page 82

Flat Fingertip Opun Sonkut

Straight Fingertip Sun Sonkut

Upset Fingertip Dwijibun Sonkut

Angle Fingertip Homi Sonkut

Forefinger Han Songarak

Double Fingertip Doo Songarak

Forearm Palmok

Inner Forearm An Palmok

Outer Forearm Bakat Palmok

Back Forearm Dung Palmok

Under Forearm Mit Palmok

Elbow Palkup

Front Elbow Wi Pulkup

Finger Pincers Jipge Son

Finger Belly Songarak Badak

Arc Hand Bandal Son

Back Hand Sondung

Palm Sonbadak

Press Finger Jiap

Thumb Umji

Thumb Ridge Umji Batang

Bow Whist Sonmok Dung

Bear Hand Gomson

FOOT PARTS HA BANSIN

Sole Kumchee


Page 83

Back Sole Dwit Kumchee

Side Sole Yop Bal Badak

Ball of foot Ap Kumchee

Foot Bal

Foot Sword Balkal

Toes Balkut

Instep Baldung

Side Instep Yop Baldung

Reverse Foot-sword Balkal Dung

Back heel Dwichook

Knee Moorup

MISCELLANEOUS PARTS GITA BOOWI

Head Mori

Forehead Ima

Occiput (back of head) Hudoo

Shoulder Euhke

Outer Ankle Joint Bakat Balmok Gwanjol

Inner Ankle Joint An Balmok Gwanjol

Tibia Kyong Gol

Inner Tibia An Kyong Gol

Back Tibia Dwit Kyong Gol

Outer Tibia Bakat Kyong Gol

Shin Jong Kwaeng-I

Toe edge Balgarak Nal


Page 84

VITAL SPOTS KUPSO

High Section of the Body Nopun Bumbun

Middle Section Kaunde Babun

Low Section Najun Babun

The Head Mori

The Neck Mok

The Chest Gasum

The Abdomen Bakboo

The Extremities Pal Gwa Dari

Skull Dae sin moon

Temple Gwanja Nori

Bridge of nose Migan

Eyeball Angoo

Mast rid Hoo-i-boo

Mandibula Tok gwanjol

Philtrum Injoong

Jaw Yop tok

Point of the chin Mit tok

Lips Ipsul

Angle of the mandible Wit tok

Upper neck Witmok

Adam's Apple Gyol hoo

Windpipe Soom tong

Clavicle Swe gol

Thenar Umjigoo


Page 85

Radical artery Maekbak sonmok dongmaek

Back wrist artery Dung sonmok dongmaek

Wrist joint Sonmok gwanjol

Nose Kotdung

Neck Artery Mok Dongmaek

Sternum Hyung gol

Heart Shin jang

Solar Plexus Myong chi

Spleen Bi jang

Liver Gan jang

Epigastrium Sang bokboo

Lower Abdomen Ha bokboo

Public region Chiboo

Groin Sataguni

Scrotrum Nang shim

Instep Baldung

Occiput Hoodoo

Cervix Gyong boo

Upper back Gyon gap

Small of the back Gyong chu

Kidney Kongpal

Fossa Ogum

Achilles tendon Dwichuk himjool

Ankle joint Balmok gwanjol

Elbow joint Palgup gwanjol


Page 86

Armpit Gyodurang

Floating ribs Nuk gol

Knee joint Murupgwanjol

Inner thigh Anjok hobok dari

Tibia Kyong gol

Training Hall Do Jang

Training Equipment Sooryon Jangbi

Practice Suit Do Bok

Shirt (Do Bok top) Jeogori

Pants Baji

Belt Ti

Training Aids Dallyon Goo

Straw Pads Jip Byogae

Focus Pads Chatjum Bangpae

Blocking Apparatus Makgi Dae

Pullers Dollyon Jool

Dumbbells Aryong

Skipping Rope Twim Jool

Stance Mould Sogi Pan

Push Ups Momtong Bachim

Callisthenic's Dosoo Dollyon

Leg Stretching Dari Pyogi

Punching Ball Dallyon Gong

Mirror Ko Ul

Power Holder Gyokpa Dae


Page 87

Special Technique Holder Tukgi Dae

Training Schedule Sooryun Gehek Pyo

Fundamental Exercises Gibon Yonsup

Preparatory Exercise Junbi Undang

Spot Training Gujari Chagi

Commands

One Hanna

Two Dool

Three Set

Four Net

Five Tassot

Six Yassot

Seven Ilgope

Eight Yaudal

Nine Ahope

To your spot Paru

In your own time Hire nops

Rest Chose

Stop Goman

Start Si Jak

Bow Kyong ye

Bow Posture Kyong Sogi

Attention Charyot

How to use Sayong Bop

"Lets Go" Kapsipsida


Page 88

Greetings: Good Morning / Evening Annyongh Asimnigga

Procedure for leading a class Sooryon Jidi Bop

Method of Exercise Yonsup Bop

MISCELLANEOUS TERMINOLOGY

System of Rank Dan Gup Jedo

Student Jeja

1st - 3rd Degree - Boosabum

4th - 6th Degree - Sabum

7th - 8th Degree - Sahyun

9th Degree - Saseong

Bow to the National Instructor Boosabum nim geh, Kyong ye

Bow to the International Instructor Sabum nim geh, Kyong ye

Bow to the Master Sah hyung nim geh, Kyong ye

Bow to the Grand Master Sah syung nim geh, Kyong ye

Classification of Instructors Sabum Jongyu

Classification of Umpire Simpan Jongyu

Composition of Taekwon-do Taekwon-do Goosung

Circle of Taekwon-do (In

Composition) Soonhwan Do

History of Taekwon-do Taekwon-do Yoksa

The philosophy of Taekwon-do Taekwon-Do Chul Hak

Title and Function Chingho wa Kinung

Distinction of the Turtle Chingho Kubun

Theory of Power Him Ui Wolli

Reaction Force Bandong Ryok


Page 89

Concentration Jip Joong

Equilibrium Kyun Hyung

Breathe Control Hohup Jojul

Mass Zilyang

Speed Sokdo

Section of the Body Mom Dungboon

Direction of Diagram Bang Hyang Pyo

Toward A A - Bang

Toward B B - Bang

Toward C C - Bang

Toward D D - Bang

Back View Dwit Mosup

Side View Yopmosup

Front View Apmosup

Tool Boowi

Test Simsa

Demonstration Sibum

Dynamic Stability Dongtchuk Anjong

Static Stability Jungtchuk Anjong

SECTION DUNGBOON

High Nopunde

Middle Kaunde

Low Najunde

Front Ap

Side Yop


Page 90

Back Dwit

Left Wen

Right Oran

SPARRING MATSOGI

3-step Sambo Matsogi

2-step Ibo Matsogi

1-step Ilbo Matsogi

Free Jayo Matsogi

Pre-arranged sparring Yaksok Matsogi

Pre-arranged free sparring Yaksok Jayu Matsogi

Model Sparring Mobum Matsogi

SELF-DEFENSE TECHNIQUES HOSIN SUL

How to defend from a grab Jappyosul Tae

Defenses against a sudden attack Dae Boori Gong Gyok

Defense against an arm opponent Dae Moogi

Throwing and Falling Techniques Dunjigi Wa Torojigi

Against a Dagger Dae Dando

Against a Bayonet (Rifle with knife) Dae Chong Gum

Against a Club Dae Gonbong

Against a Pole Dae Mongdung - I

Defence Against a Pistol Dae Gwon Chong

COMPETITION KYONG GI

Rules for Competition Kyong Gi Kyu Jong

Male Namja

Female yoja


Page 91

Weight chegup

Micro Aju Jagun

Light Kabyoun

Middle Kaunde

Heavy Mukoun

Hyper Gajang Khun

Time allowance Shingan Baedang

Injury Busang

Disqualification Silkyok

Fouls Banchik

Warnings Kyongko

Demerit Kamjom

Points Dukjom

Scoring Chejom

Vital Spots Ghupso

ACTIONS N/B

Attack technique Gong Gyokgi

Defence Technique Bang Eau Gi

Holding Bachigi

Covering Karioogi

Checking Mom chugi

Dodging Pihagi

Stepping Omgyo Didigi

Double Stepping Ibo Omgyo Didigi

Treble Stepping Sambo Omgyo Didigi


Page 92

Shift Stepping Jajunbal Omgyo Didigi

Step - stepping Omgyo Didimyo Jajunbal

Step - turning Omgyo Didimyo Dolgi

Jumping Twigi

Body dropping (dipping) Mom Nachugi

Foot Lilting Bal Dulgi

Sliding Mikulgi

Forging Dollyon

Sine Wave Hwalding Pahdo

Leg Stretching Dari Pyogi

Push Ups Momtong Bachim

MORAL CULTURE JUNGSHIN SOOYANG

Humanity In

Righteousness Ui

Propriety Ye

Wisdom Ji

Trust Shin

Travel Yo Haeng

Cold Showers and Baths Naengsoo Machal

Public Service Sahwe Bongsa

Etiquette Ye Jol

TENETS OF TAEKWON-DO TAEKWON-DO JUNGSHIN

Courtesy Ye Ui

Integrity Yom chi

Perseverance In Nae


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Self Control Guk Gi

Indomitable Spirit Baekjul Boolgool

The Theory of power Him Ui Wolli

Reaction Force Bandong Ryok

Concentration Jip Joong

Equilibrium Kyun Hyung

Breathe Control Hohup Jojul

Mass Zilyang

Speed Sokdo

Speed and Reflex Sokdo wa Banung


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BLACK BELT THEORY ANSWERS

1. A thrust goes straight to a target, whilst a strike can come from any direction. Thrusts are

only performed using the fingers or the elbow.

2. Three - Do-San, Joong-Gun, Hwa-Rang.

3. Five - Do-San, Yul-Gok, Joong-Gun, Toi-Gye, Choong-Moo.

4.

Front (as in no 3 three-step sparring)

Back (as in Toi Gye)

Downward (aiming for the shoulder)

Spinning (as in Do San)

Side (as in Choong Moo)

5. Six - Do-San, Won-Hyo and Yul-Gok and Hwa Rang (middle straight), Toi-Gye (low upset

and high flat), Choong-Moo (high flat).

6. Won-Hyo (A), Joong-Gun or Toi-Gye (B), Hwa-Rang (C).

7. Reaction force, waist/hip twist, speed, kinetic energy.

8. Gyokpa

9. Yonsok chagi. A consecutive kick is when two or more kicks are executed using the same

foot without lowering the leg to the floor.

10. Honap chagi. A combination kick is when both feet are used to execute two or more kicks

in succession while jumping or flying.

11.

Downward (axe) kick (naeryo chagi)

Reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo chagi)

Hooking kick (golcha chagi)

12.

Philtrum (injoong)

Mandibular joint (tok gwanjol)

Point of jaw (mit tok)

Eyes (angoo)

Adam's apple (gyol hoo)

13.

Sternum (hyung gol)

Solar plexus (myong chi)

Kidneys (kongpat)

Floating ribs (nuk gol)

Stomach /abdomen (bokboo)


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14.

Coccyx (migol)

Groin (sataguni)

Instep (baldung)

Knee (moorup)

Shin (jong kwaeng-i)

15.

1 – Hanna

2 – Dool

3 – Seth

4 – Neth

5 – Dasaul

6 – Yosaul

7 – Ilgop

8 – Yodoll

9 – Ahop

10 – Yoll

16. For power and penetration.

17. Flowering Youth - Hwa (Flower) Rang (Young man).

18. Nine

19.

Dave Oliver

Michael Dew

Don Atkins

Ron Sergiew

Paul Donnelly

Kenny Walton

Brian Towndrow

Gianni Peros

20.

Dave Oliver (Chairman of TAGB)

Michael Dew (Vice Chairman of TAGB and Chairman of BTC)

Don Atkins (National Secretary)

Ron Sergiew (Treasurer)

Paul Donnelly (Liaison Officer)

Kenny Walton (National Coach)

21. Tae Kwon-Do was inaugurated in South Korea on 11 April 1955 by Gen Choi Hong Hi.

22. Tae Kwon-Do was introduced to Great Britain in 1967 by Master Rhee Ki Ha.

23. The TAGB was formed in August 1983.

24. The BTC was formed on 21st April 1988 and is recognised by the Sports Council (Sport

UK) as the only governing body for Tae Kwon-Do in the UK. The TAGB is a founder

member of the BTC.


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25. Tae Kwon-Do International was created on 13 November 1993 and is a worldwide body

with representation on every continent. TKDI is a non political organisation open to all

styles of Tae Kwon-Do.

26. The year the Holy Dan Gun founded Korea.

27. Admiral Yi was posthumously awarded the title of Choong Moo (man of loyalty and

chivalry) for his victories over the Japanese navy. In 1592 he invented the first armoured

battleship, known as the Kobukson.

28. To symbolise Choong Moo's regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained

potential checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king, (he refused to obey an

order to intercept the Japanese fleet, which he knew to be a trap).

29. Ahn Joong Gun was the patriot who assassinated Hiro Bumi Ito, the first Japanese

Governor General of Korea. He was executed at Lui Shung prison in 1910.

30. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division where Tae Kwon-Do developed into

maturity.

31. It's the year the noted monk Won Hyo introduced Buddhism into the Silla dynasty.

32. Yi Hwang was a 16th century authority on Neo-Confucianism, as stated in the pattern Toi

Gye - (his pen name).

33. Ahn Ch'ang Ho devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its

independence movement. His pseudonym was Do San.

34. The 38 movements refer to Yul Gok's birthplace on the 38 degree latitude.

35. It is the latitude that divides North and South Korea.

36. Yi I was a great philosopher and scholar (1536-1584) who was nicknamed the `Confucius

of Korea'. His pseudonym was Yul Gok.

37. You would perform a kick using your toes only if you were wearing shoes or footwear.

38. Both mean back, dung refers to a part of the body e.g. reverse, as in sonkal dung (reverse

Knife hand), Dwit refres to the direction, as in dwit palkup tugi (back elbow thrust)

39. Stances help to develop strong leg muscles and provide a stable base from which to execute

techniques.

40. Nothing - they are both the same.

41. Butjaba moorup chagi.

42. Sonbadak (palm), then grabbing with bandal son (archand).

43. Sonkal dung (reverse knife-hand) then grabbing with bandal son (archand).

44. It is the direction of strike in relation to the body, i.e. towards the back or side.

45. This is defined by whichever leg bears the most weight, or if evenly distributed, whichever

leg is forward.

46. Walking stance and Low stance (50:50), L-stance (70:30), X-stance and Rear foot stance

(80:20)

47. The extended arm is used to grab and pull the opponent in, as a reaction force. It is also in

the ready position to defend the body against another attack.

48. The student.

49. Grand Master Rhee Ki Ha (9th Dan).

50. Straight.

51. It is a sweeping block where the rear arm supports the main blocking arm against a heavy

attack. The rear arm also protects the mid section and is in a position to perform a low

block against a second attack.


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52. Circular block is a combined block against a low kick and middle attack. The block is first

used to scoop the attacking leg and throw the opponent off balance, then to block a

following middle attack.

53. Silla, Baek Je and Koguryo.

54. Silla conquered Koguryo and Baek Je unifying the three kingdoms in 668 AD.

55. The Yi Dynasty was formed in 1392 AD after the fall of the Koryo Dynasty.

56. One arm is deflecting an attack and is then in a ready position to defend the body whilst the

other is performing a straight fingertip thrust.

57. A twin block is a defence against two attackers, and a double block is a defence against one

attacker.

58. Knifehand side strike, (sonkal yop taerigi) Knifehand front strike (sonkal ap taerigi)

Downward knifehand strike (naeryo sonkal taerigi) Inward knifehand strike (anuro sonkal

taerigi) Outward knifehand strike (bakuro sonkal taerigi)

59. High flat fingertip thrust to the throat/eyes (nopunde opun sonkut tulgi) Middle straight

fingertip thrust to the solar plexus (kaunde sun sonkut tulgi) Low upset fingertip thrust to

the groin (najunde dwijibo sonkut tulgi)

60.

An – inner

Bakat – outer

anuro – inward

bakuro – outward

wi – upper

ollyo – upwards

ap – front

dwit – back

bandae – reverse

baro – obverse

najunde – low

kaunde – middle

nopunde – high

orun – right

wen – left

apro kaggi – forwards

dwiyro kaggi – backwards

dwiyro torro - about turn

dolgi - turn

61. It is used to focus your attack and simulates holding the opponent's head to which you are

striking.

62. If the hand is deflected upwards by the attacker (i.e. by a kick), it can be rotated to perform

a forefist punch. The hand will also not be in a position to be bent backwards by a kick.

63. Because of the inherent strength and close proximity of the bone to the surface of the skin,

causing pain to the opponent on impact.

64.


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Front elbow strike (ap palkup taerigi)

Side elbow thrust (yop palkup tulgi)

Upper elbow strike (wi paluk taerigi)

Back elbow thrust (dwit palkup tulgi)

Straight elbow downward thrust (sun palkup naeryo tulgi)

Double elbow strike (jau palkuk taerigi)

65.

Front kick (ap chagi) ball of the foot

Side kick (yop chagi) footsword

Turning kick (dollyo chagi) ball of the foot or instep

Back kick (dwit chagi) footsward

Reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo chagi) heel

Downward (axe) kick (naeryo chagi) heel

Crescent kick (bandal chagi) footsword (outward) or sole of the foot (inward)

Twist kick (bituro chagi) ball of the foot

Pressing kick (noollo chagi) footsword

Side pushing kick (yop cha milgi) footsword

66. Doo bandal son makgi - used as a checking block to the sternum or to block a thrown

object.

67. Soopyong jirugi - the purpose is to defend against two attackers, using a turning punch

(dollyo jirugi) for one coming at close range, and a side punch (yop jirugi) for the other at a

middle distance.

68. Gutcha makgi - it is used to block a middle punch and to break the elbow joint.

69.

Chon Ji - represents the beginning of human history - therefore whatever goals we

reach in our everyday life, we should not forget that we all started out as beginners.

Dan Gun - legendary founder of Korea - inspirational.

Do San - patriot who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its

independence movement, thus showing indomitable spirit and loyalty to his country.

Won Hyo - introduced Buddhism into the Silla dynasty, therefore had the perseverance

and indomitable spirit to break with the traditional ideology of the time.

Yul Gok - philosopher and scholar who was nicknamed `Confucius of Korea',

challenging the thinking of the time and showing his integrity in maintaining his beliefs.

Joong Gun - patriot who risked his own life by assassinating the Japanese Governor

General of Korea, therefore showed loyalty to his cause and his country.

Toi Gye - philosopher and scholar who was an authority on Neo-Confucianism,

challenging the thinking of the time and showing his integrity in maintaining his beliefs.

Hwa Rang – Flowering Youth Group who were instrumental in unifying the three

kingdoms of Korea, showing their loyalty to their king and country, and indomitable

spirit through their motto ‘Never to Retreat in War’

Choong Moo - great admiral and inventor who died before he could achieve his full

potential constrained by his loyalty to king and country.

Kwang Gae - King Kwang Gae-T'o Wang, who was responsible for the recovery and

expansion of territories once owned by Korea, therefore shows indomitable spirit,


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perseverance and loyalty to his subjects.

Po Eun - great poet and scientist who showed loyalty to his king and country and gave

them inspiration through his poetry.

Ge Baek - known for his strict military discipline which might result in courtesy,

perseverance and indomitable spirit in the armies.

70. A pattern is a set of fundamental movements, mainly attack and defence, set in a logical

sequence to deal with one or more imaginary opponents. Patterns are an indication of a

student's progress - a barometer in evaluating an individual's progress.

71. We practise patterns to improve our Tae Kwon-Do techniques, to develop sparring

techniques, to improve flexibility of movement, master body shifting, develop muscles,

balance and breath control. Patterns also enable us to acquire techniques which cannot be

obtained from other forms of training.

72. The interpretation gives a pattern a meaning, each pattern is based on a historic moment in

Korean history, where legendary figures showed loyalty, dedication and even gave their

lives to make significant changes to their country. We learn interpretations of patterns to

gain inspiration from the events and people portrayed in the meanings.

73. Master Don Atkins, 7th Dan.

74. 15 June 2002. He was laid to rest on 17 June at Pyongyang.

75. Loyalty and Humility, because loyalty to their cause has been demonstrated by the patriots,

scholars and philosophers in the meaning of the patterns. Humility is necessary to avoid

aggression and shows respect for others.

76. Force = mass x acceleration (F = MA)

Kinetic Energy = _ x mass x velocity x velocity (KE = _ MV2)

The energy available in a technique depends on the mass and the square of the velocity.

Speed (velocity) is therefore more important than mass in promoting power. We cannot

change our mass, but we can increase our speed through training.

77. Energy from motion

78. Um Yang which means ‘Opposites’as in the hard and soft sides of Tae Kwon-Do or the

martial aspect versus the philosophical perspective.

79. To block a blow to the head and be in a position to grab the opponent or weapon with both

hands.

80. It depends on the direction of travel for the following move. In Dan Gun the next move is

forwards into nopunde ap joomuk jirugi, but in Do San, the side strike is repeated along the

same direction of travel.

81. To create tension, ready to guard the body from an attack. Bringing the elbows down

sharply may also help deflect an oncoming attack.

82. Tae Kwon-Do is a Korean military martial art, developed by General Choi Hong Hi in

1955. Loosely translated it means Foot Fist Art. `Tae' means to jump, smash or kick with

the feet and `Kwon' to punch, strike with the hand and `Do' is a way of life - or a

philosophy to live your life by.

83. Taek Kyon, Shotokan Karate and Subak.

84. Taek Kyon was an early Korean form of self-defence. Tomb paintings dating back to 50BC

show men practising forms known as Taek Kyon from which Tae Kwon-Do developed.

85. Throat, eyes and philtrum.

86. To maintain balance and co-ordination and to continue to improve.


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87. Because they are only attached to the spine and are unsupported at the front/side, and

therefore weak.

88. Sliding.

89. To demonstrate the power in the technique and to show commitment.

90. To practise defence techniques in as realistic a way as possible, to practise speed and

reaction to an attack.

91. The black trim is symbolic, as in ancient Korea the colour black signified the highest

position, i.e. royalty and the aristocracy.

92. Three - Won Hyo, Yul Gok, Choong Moo

93. Dolgi

94. Doro chagi - to defend against a kick to the groin. It can also be used to stamp.

95.

Head – Mori

Arm - Pal

Hand – Son

Foot - Bal

Chest – Gasum

Eye – Angoo

96. 'Base of knifehand' and `thumb ridge'

97. The TAGB is the largest organisation of its type in Europe with over 450 clubs and around

20,000 members. It has over 20 years' experience as an organisation run with the expertise

of a longstanding Committee. The instructors are all experienced who use a carefully

worked out syllabus. It is a non-political organisation and in 1988 was a founder member of

the British Tae Kwon-Do Council.

98. Koguryo.

99. In Won Hyo, it is performed in fixed-stance moving only the front foot with a body shift

(milagi). In Hwa Rang it is performed in fixed-stance while sliding both feet forward

(mikulgi).

100. Jungshin

101.

Courtesy - Ye ui

Integrity - Yom chi

Perseverance - In nae

Self control - Guk gi

Indomitable spirit - Baekjul boolgool

102. There is no set answer for this question, the examiner is looking to understand your

personal motivations.





105. Inward block refers to the direction of travel of the block, from the outside towards the

centre of the defenders body. Inside block refers to the part of the opponent's body that is

blocked i.e. the block connects with the inside of the opponents arm or leg.


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106. Using knife hand allows the defender to follow up the block with a grab if necessary.

The force of a block is also applied to a very small area, allowing the defender to injure the

opponent.

107. No, Saju jirugi is a fundamental exercise, not a pattern main reason ist that it has no

historical reference.

108.

Turning Kick - Dollyo Chagi

Front kick - Ap Chagi

Twistinf kick - Bituro Chagi

45 degree kick - Beet Chagi

109.

Fore fist - Ap joomuk

Side fist - Yop joomuk

Back fist - Dung joomuk

Palm – Sonbadak

Knife hand – Sonkal

Fingertip – Sonkut

Fore knuckle fist - Inji joomuk

Middle knuckle fist - Joongji joomuk

Thumb knuckle fist - Umji joomuk

Inner forearm - An palmok

Outer forearm - Bakat palmok

Back forearm - Dung palmok

Under forearm - Mit palmok

Elbow – Palkup

110. Side piercing kick uses the foot sword as the striking tool and side thrusting kick uses

the ball of the foot.

111. Jappyosol tae

112. WTF (World Taekwondo Federation) style TKD concentrates on the sport side of Tae

Kwon-Do and is recognised as an Olympic sport. Competitors wear chest protectors but no

gloves and sparring is full contact with no punches allowed to the head. The WTF is

actively supported by the South Korean government. ITF (International Tae Kwon-Do

Federation) style TKD concentrates on the self defence aspect of Tae Kwon-Do.

Competition sparring is semi-contact with punches and kicks allowed to the head and body

and competitors wear both gloves and feet padding. Until recently the ITF was actively

supported by the North Korean government. TAGB style TKD is very similar to ITF, but

the TAGB is an independent martial art organisation.

113. In turning punch the fist finishes in line with the centre of the body and in angle punch

the fist finishes in line with the opposite shoulder.

114. The colours white, yellow, green, blue, red and black represent all of the belt colours in

Tae Kwon-Do, which are based on the colours used in ancient Korea to indicate rank and

status.

115. Hechyo makgi. This block is used to defend against twin fist vertical punch, or against

an opponent attempting to grab the throat with both hands


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116. Bandal chagi uses the foot to block an attack and can be used if the arms are injured or

if the opponent is further away.

117. Sahyun. Black belts ranked 7th and 8th Dan are entitled to use this title in recognition of

their extensive knowledge and experience of Tae Kwon-Do.

118. Palm pressing block is used to check a low section front kick. This block is always

accompanied by a palm upward block used to defend against a middle punch. It is often

performed in patterns as a conditioning exercise i.e. as a slow motion movement.

119. Confucianism is the ethical system of the Chinese philosopher, Confucius who was born

in approximately 552BC. It is not a religion that is based on the worship of a supernatural

power, more a collection of teachings emphasising devotion to the family, morality and the

proper exercise of political power.

120. Neo-Confucianism was developed in China around the 11th century AD and is

essentially a reinterpretation of Confucian teachings to incorporate metaphysical aspects

i.e. the nature of reality and man's relationship with the universe. The most noted exponent

of Neo Confucianism was the 12th century Chinese philosopher Chu Hsi, but Yi I and Yi

Hwang of Korea also contributed many works.

Documents

Student Training Manual - Newport TaeKwon-Do · PDF filew w w . n e w p o r t t k d . c o . u k Page 2 FOUNDATION OF TAE KWON-DO Tae Kwon-do is a Korean martial art, which although