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Student Engagement
Tony Frontier, PhDCardinal Stritch University
EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORALCOGNITIVE
EMOTIONAL ENGAGEMENTStudent sense of support and belonging
Cognitive Engagement Motivational goals, relevance, and self-regulated learning
Behavioral EngagementOn-task academic behavior and student conduct
Middle School Engagement N=383
All Students
Items with highest % of Strongly Agree/Agree responses SA/AIf I work hard I can do well in my classes. 95%It is important to work hard in school. 95%When I’m in school, I follow this school’s rules. 89%
Items with lowest % of Strongly Agree/Agree responses SA/ASometimes I like doing my schoolwork so much that time passes by very quickly.
33%
I like talking to my teaches about what I’m learning about in school.
35%
I enjoy my schoolwork. 37%
Tosa Middle Schools
Middle School EngagementCorrelates to Grades
Items with the highest correlation to grades.
Tosa Middle Schools
Highest Correlates to Grades Correlation
My assignments completed and turned in on time. .62
I am proud of my schoolwork. .44
I am good at math. .40
Adults in this school are proud of me. .34
My teachers would say that I participate in class. .29
Middle School EngagementGender
There were statistically significant differences between males and females on many items.
Tosa Middle Schools
Items with Largest Gender Gap by % Strongly Agree/Agree F/M
I enjoy my schoolwork. 44%/30%
I do my best work in school when my teacher encourages me to do so.
86%/74%
I enjoy my classes in this school. 67%/57%
Middle School EngagementGrade level
Significant differences across grades 6 through 8.*
*Items differences across grades are very stable relative to comparison middle schools.
Tosa Middle Schools
Items with Largest Grade Level Gap by % Strongly Agree/Agree 6th / 8th
If there were no grades in this school I would still do my schoolwork.
63%/39%
I know an adult I could talk to if I had a personal problem. 83%/70%
I enjoy my classes in this school. 70%/60%
Middle School EngagementRace
Across the MS survey, there were significant differences on about 1/3 of the items between white and African-American students.
Tosa Middle Schools
Items with Largest White/African-American Gap by % Strongly Agree/Agree
AA/White
When I’m in this school I follow this school’s rules 74%/92%
I am good at math 60%/77%
I am proud of my schoolwork 70%/85%
My classmates care about me 70%/81%
Adults in this school are proud of me 70%/81%
Differences by Type of EngagementCognitiveEngagement
EmotionalEngagement
Behavioral Engagement
Gender; F,M * * *Grade; Level - 6,7,8 * * *Race; White-Af. Amer. * *
* Means statistically significant different in mean score for each composite item. Group in bold had higher score for each item.
Tosa Middle Schools
Some Similarities and DifferencesAfrican-American/White
Items with Similar Distributions Items with Differences in Distributions
My classes are interesting to me Grades
In my classes I need to think creatively I am good at math
I enjoy my schoolwork
I think what I learn in my classes will help me be successful in lifeAspirations to attend college
Parent expectations to attend college
Survey items with the strongest POSITIVErelationship to reported grades
% responsesB / W
1. Attended class with all assignments complete. Often 36% / 65%
2.I am motivated to work by a desire to get good grades.
A/SA 85% / 91%
I place a high value on learning. A/SA 79% / 84%
4. I feel good about who I am as a student. A/SA 79% / 79%
5. I put forth a great deal of effort in my schoolwork.
SA 37% / 49%
6. I have the skills and abilities to complete my schoolwork.
coll+ 87% / 87%
7. I put forth a great deal of effort in my work. A/SA 70% / 71%
8. I value the reward of schooling. 6+ 19% / 32%
9. How often do you ask/answer questions in class?
Most 12% / 10%
10. How often have you eaten breakfast in the morning?
A/SA 67% / 65%
High School
Survey items with the strongest POSITIVErelationship to reported grades
Correlation
1. Attended class with all assignments complete. .52
2.I am motivated to work by a desire to get good grades.
.48
3. I place a high value on learning. .47
4. I feel good about who I am as a student. .42
5. I put forth a great deal of effort in my schoolwork.
.42
6. I have the skills and abilities to complete my schoolwork.
.41
7. I put forth a great deal of effort in my work. .41
8. I value the rewards of schooling. .41
9. How often do you ask/answer questions in class?
.35
10. How often have you eaten breakfast in the morning?
.32
Tosa High Schools
Survey items with the strongest NEGATIVErelationship to reported grades
Correlation
1. How often have you: attended class with no assignments -.44
2. How often have you picked on or bullied another student? -.19
3. In how many of your classes do you put forth very little effort? -.18
4. How much time do you spend each week talking on a cell phone? -.19
5. How important to you: working for pay? -.12
Tosa High Schools Data
Largest Differences: White vs. BlackWhite students were more likely to….1. More likely to have eaten breakfast
2. More likely to believe school rules are fair
3. More likely to feel supported by teachers
4. Feel good about their school
5. More likely to care about this school
6. Feel safe at school
7. Believe their teachers think they can do excellent work
Tosa High Schools Data
Largest Differences: Black vs. WhiteBlack students were more likely to….1. Believe school developed career goals
2. Spend time on test prep
3. Cite importance of talking to friends
4. Cite importance of talking on cell phone
5. Feel school increased awareness of things happening outside their community.
Tosa High Schools Data