30
Struggling to Survive Ch. 9 How did the growth of Canada affect the Aboriginals peoples?

Struggling to survive ch9

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

 

Citation preview

Struggling to SurviveCh. 9

How did the growth of Canada affect the

Aboriginals peoples?

Troubles in Saskatchewan• All the people

living in the District Saskatchewan had grievances with the Government.

• MacDonald’s National Policy was not working as hoped

Settlers• Policies led to high cost for supplies

and shipping • This led to low prices for produce

making it hard to make a profit• Because there was no

representation no one could speak for them

The Metis• Many left Red River for

Saskatchewan with promise of land

• The situation became similar to Red River – empty promises with no land claims

First Nations• After signing Treaties with the

Government, they expect help because of the declining Buffalo herds

• The government was slow to act and many faced starvation

Riel Returns• In 1884, Riel fulfills his

term for amnesty and returns to help the Metis of Saskatchewan• He helps put together

a Petition for Ottawa

Key Points• Ottawa to honor treaties• Need to change economic

policies• Protection of Land• Need to make Saskatchewan a

province

Taking Action• By March 1885, nothing had

been done• So Riel did what he did in Red

River – he formed a Provisional Government• Would it work this time?

One Hundred Days & One Hundred Years

• When Riel decided to fight he lost the support of the English-speaking Metis

The North West Mounted Police• They were later known as the

Royal Canadian Mounted Police• They were posted throughout

the district at various outposts

The Militia• After news was heard about Riel

Col. Middleton formed a militia to stop the rebellion

Punishment for the Rebels• After a few encounters the

rebellion was subdued (p. 166)• Many of the leaders were tried

and convicted of treason. Most served 2-3 years

The Trial of Louis Riel• His trial took place in Regina

from July 29 to August 1 1885• He defended himself but was

convicted of treason

MacDonald’s Decision• He had a difficult decision

because the country was divided and it would affect him politically• He finally sided with the

conviction and Riel was hanged

First Nations in the Martimes

• Just like their counterparts in the west, native peoples were suffering in the east.

A Policy of Assimilation• The government was hoping the

first nations would become part of the forming Canadian culture

Dept. of Indian Affairs Act• It main goal was to make the

native people more Canadian• But this often meant abandoning

their own culture

Their were three key points to the Act:–Set up Band governments–Control their economies–Take charge of their education

Band Governments• This ultimately changed their

existing organization• It was meant to prevent them

from organizing against the Canadian Government

Economic Control• Agents were sent into each band

to determine who could trade, who could hunt/fish and who could farm on the reserves

Educating the Children• Residential Schools were set up

to educate the children in non-native ways• They were often forced to attend

Did the Policy of Assimilation Work?• Although the first nations

people suffered (and continue to do so) they were never truly assimilated

Aboriginal Peoples of Newfoundland and Labrador

• These people were not affected by Canadian Policies as they were not apart of Canada• But they did have challenges

adapting to the new society emerging around them

Innu• Some of these people were

somewhat affect by the Indian Act because they lived in Northern Quebec• In NF, they were not greatly

affect during this period

Inuit• By the 1880’s, they were affected

by the constant migration of European settlers to the coast of Labrador• This was gradual and reflected a

more natural assimiluation

Mi’kmaq• These people became naturally

assimilated into the emerging Newfoundland culture• They did not suffer from sickness

and disease like other native peoples throughout Canada