Struggles in the Middle States

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British Take New York

• British commander: General William Howe, General Cornwallis, General John Burgoyne

• US commander : General Washington

British take New York

• Howe has:– 34,000 troops– 10,000 sailors

• Washington has– 20,000 poorly trained troops

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British take New York

• Battle of Long Island– British pounded the Americans– 1,400 Americans killed

» Retreat to Manhattan

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British take New York

• British chase the Americans– To New Jersey– To Pennsylvania

• Across Delaware River

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Retreat into Victory

• December 1776– Troops are sick– Cold– Close to Death

Retreat into Victory

• Christmas night– Washington did a sneak attack!

Retreat to Victory

• Battle of Trenton– Went across Delaware River– Showed up at Trenton and took most of the

troops prisoners– British General Charles Cornwallis is now

gunning for Washington

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Retreat to Victory

• Another sneaky prank by Washington– Left his fire burning and slipped behind

British lines to attack them– Another victory for the Continental Army– Then more and more victories

Turning Point• Burgoyne’s Plan:

– 3 different armies marched to Albany, NY

– 3 different different directions

– Get control of Hudson– Supplies would stop

getting to Washington

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Turning Point

• July 1776, Howe starts making his way to NY– Stops to capture Philadelphia– Then decides to stay there for the winter

Turning Point

• St. Leger makes his way to NY from Canada– Stops to take Fort

Stanwix and couldn’t do it

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Turning Point

• Burgoyne makes his way to NY– Army is slow to much baggage– Patriots cut down trees to dam up streams– HOWEVER he recaptured Fort

Ticonderoga– Sent troops to Vermont to get horses

• American forces greet them and shoot them down at the Battle of Bennington

Turning Point

• Burgoyne life is just getting worse

• Battle of Saratoga– Green Mountain Boys go to NY to help– At a village of Saratoga US surrounds

British– Burgoyne has to surrender Oct 17, 1777

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Turning Point

• Benjamin Franklin goes to Paris to persuade Louis XVI to be our ally– Why will we gain besides a friend?

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Turning Point

• The Battle of Saratoga showed we can win so France decided to help us

• Later we make more friends– Netherlands & Spain

• What things do you think we need from these people

Turning Point

• BFF– Marquis de Lafayette: French who brought

trained soldiers and became a trusted friend of Washington

Turning Point

• BFF– Friedrich von Steuben: Prussian who

helped train Washington’s troops to march and drill

• FYI: Prussia’s army one of the best in the world

Turning Point

• BFF– Thaddeus Kociusko: (Polish) engineer built

forts– Casimir Pulaski: (Polish): trained cavalry

• Cavalry: troops on horseback

Valley Forge

• 1777-1778 Winter– COLD– Blizzards– Long– People slept on the ground, some had no

shoes

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Valley Forge

• Many died of disease and frostbite

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Many women tried to help

• Collected food, medicine, warm clothes, and ammunition

Work Cited

• http://www.britishbattles.com/long-island.htm• http://blog.aurorahistoryboutique.com/2009/07/• http://mcdermott-family.net/saratoga/

overview.htm• http://www.ng.mil/resources/photo_gallery/

heritage/longisland.html• http://www.historycentral.com/revolt/

valleyforge.html• http://thehypnoticsecret.com/index2.html