Structures ofSeed Plants

Vascular Tissue

-root & shoot systems supply water & nutrients

-root system=roots, shoot system=stem & leaves

-xylemxylem - transports water and minerals through the plant

-phloemphloem - transports food molecules to all parts of the plant

xylem

phloem

Roots-function

*supply water & dissolved minerals from the soil*hold plants in place*store surplus food as sugar or starch

-structure*epidermis - surface layer of cells*root hairs - increas surface area*vascular tissue in center*root cap - group of cells that protects the root tip

Root Cap

-systems*2 kinds*taproot - one main root that grows downward - smaller roots branch from it

- can reach water deep underground - dicots & gymnosperms

*fibrous root - several roots spread out from base of stem - roots usually same size - get water from near the surface - monocots

TaprootSystem

Fibrous Root System

Stems

-vary in shape and size

-usually above ground

-function*connects roots to leaves & flowers*support for leaves & flowers*transport materials from root system to shoot system*some used for storage

-herbaceous stems*soft, thin, flexible*include flowers, beans, tomatoes, & corn

-woody stems*rigid, made of wood and bark*trees & shrubs*produce growth rings

Leaves

-vary greatly in shape & size

-function:*making food (photosynthesis)*protection*trapping insects

-structure

Flowers

stigma

anther

ovary

sepal

pollen

petal

style

filament

nectar guides

receptacle

stigma + style + ovary = carpel (pistil)

anther + filament = stamen

female

male

pollen

stigma

anther

ovary

sepal

receptacle

nectar guides

filament

style

petal

sperm-producing structures

sticky structure where pollen lands

chamber where pollen is produced

where the ovules are produced

protect the flower bud

site of attachment to the stem

a channel to guide nectar

stalk that supports the anther

slender neck that supports the stigma

attracts pollinators

Flower Structures and their function.