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Structure and Function of the Reproductive SystemChapter 22
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Development of the Reproductive System Dependent on sex hormones
Males—testosterone Females—estrogen, FSH, and LH
Sexual differentiation in utero Homologous structures Gonads Ducts
Mesonephric Paramesonephric
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Development of the Reproductive System
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Development of the Reproductive System
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Development of the Reproductive System Puberty
Exact trigger unknown Females
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS)
Begins with thelarche (breast development) in females
Adrenarche Gonadarche
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Development of the Reproductive System
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Female Reproductive System External genitalia (vulva)
Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule
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Female Reproductive System External genitalia (vulva)
Introitus Hymen Urinary meatus Lesser vestibular glands (Skene glands) Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) Perineum
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External Genitalia (Vulva)
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Internal Genitalia Vagina Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries
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Internal Genitalia
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Uterine Position
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Internal Genitalia
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Ovary
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Follicle Development
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Female Sex Hormones Estrogens
Estradiol Estrone Estriol
Progesterone Androgens
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Menstrual Cycle Menarche Menopause Phases
Menstruation (menses) Follicular/proliferative phase Luteal/secretory phase
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Menstrual Cycle Ovarian cycle Uterine phases Vaginal response Body temperature change
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The Menstrual Cycle
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Hormone Controls
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Ovarian Cycle
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External genitalia Testes
Epididymis
Scrotum Penis
Male Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System
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Male Reproductive System
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Internal genitalia Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands
Male Reproductive System
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Male Internal Genitalia
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Spermatogonia Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes Spermatids Sertoli cells
Spermatogenesis
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Spermatogenesis
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Male Reproductive System
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Androgens Primary androgen—testosterone Produced mainly in the Leydig cells of the testes Testosterone
Sexual differentiation Urogenital system development Nervous and skeletal tissue development Sex drive
Dihydrotestosterone and prolactin
Male Sex Hormones
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Modified sebaceous glands on the ventral surface of the thorax
Female breast Nipple Areola Glands of Montgomery
Male breast Until puberty, male and female breast development is
similar Without the sufficient influence of estrogen and
progesterone, the male breast does not develop any further
Structure and Function of the Breast
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Structure and Function of the Breast
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Structure and Function of the Breast
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Infection and cancer tests Culture Serologic testing Tissue biopsy Needle biopsy Papanicolaou (Pap) test Mammography
Fertility tests
Tests of Reproductive Function
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Menopause Perimenopause Vasomotor symptoms
Vasomotor flush
Aging and the Female Reproductive System
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Aging and the Female Reproductive System
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Male’s reproductive capacity is longer than women’s
There is not an event comparable to menopause
Decreased erectile and ejaculatory function Testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften Decreased levels of gonadotropins and
testosterone
Aging and the Male Reproductive System
