Structural Systems I

8/7/2019 Structural Systems I

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manner of construction

something that is constructed

the action of building

The arrangement of particles or parts in a

substance or body

arrangement or interrelation of parts asdominated by the general character of thewhole


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Dead load

From the structure

Live load

From man

From nature

Seismic load

Wind load


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SEISMIC LOAD


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WIND LOAD


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Point load

UDL

Varying load


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The most direct path from the point of

loading to the ground will create the most

efficient structure.


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Structural elements carry their loading to

other elements or the ground through

connections or supports.

Fixed support

Pinned support

Roller support


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No movement, no rotation

Both horizontal and vertical thrust

transferred to the ground

Creates a twisting effect in the structure


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Does not allow movement but allow rotation

Both horizontal and vertical thrust



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Allow both movement and rotation

Horizontal and vertical thrust are not



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The beam

The column

The wall

The foundation

The truss

The arch


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A beam is a structural element that is

capable of withstanding load primarily by

resisting bending


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A column or pillar in structural

engineering is a vertical structural element

that transmits, through compression, the

weight of the structure above to other

structural elements below


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Awall is a usually solid structure that defines

and sometimes protects an area.

Load bearing

Non load bearing


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Interior and exterior walls


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Bricks

Stone

Wood

Steel

Concrete


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A structural system is not only effected by

external conditions, but also by the

properties and behavior of the materialswhich comprise it.

These also determine the nature of the

system's reaction to external forces


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The study of Strength ofMaterials is

concerned specifically with the following

issues: the internal forces of a member caused by

the external forces acting on that member or

system.

the changes in dimension of a membercaused by these forces.

the physical properties of the material in the

member.


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A "force" is an action that changes, or tends

to change, the state of motion of the bodyupon which it acts.

It is a vector quantity that can be

represented either mathematically or

graphically.


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A complete description of a force MUST include

its:

MAGNITUDE

DIRECTION

POINT OF APPLICATION


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It is a measure of the average force per unit

area of a surface within the body on which

internal forces act.

stress and pressure


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It is the stress state caused by an applied

load that acts to reduce the length of the

material in the axis of the applied load

In other words the stress state caused by

squeezing the material


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It is the stress state caused by an applied

load that tends to elongate the material in

the axis of the applied load

In other words the stress caused by pulling

the material.


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is the stress state caused by a pair of

opposing forces acting along parallel lines of

action through the material.

in other words the stress caused by faces of

the material sliding relative to one another.


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Horizontal

Vertical shear


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Structural Systems I