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StructuralismStructuralismI. Basic Principles of. Basic Principles ofMarxismarxismII. Three QuestionsI. Three QuestionsIII. Strengths andII. Strengths andWeaknesseseaknessesIV. The TheoriesV. The TheoriesComparedompared

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Key Marxist ThinkersKey Marxist Thinkers Karl Marx (1818Karl Marx (1818--83)83) V.I. Lenin (1870V.I. Lenin (1870--1924)1924)

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Basic Marxist PrinciplesBasic Marxist Principles Dialectical Approachialectical Approach

ThesisThesis antithesisantithesis synthesissynthesis Economic development is dynamic and conflictualEconomic development is dynamic and conflictual

Materialismaterialism Structure and SuperstructureStructure and Superstructure Economics primary over PoliticsEconomics primary over Politics

Historicismistoricism Primitive communismPrimitive communismAncient EmpiresAncient Empires FeudalismFeudalism

CapitalismCapitalism SocialismSocialism CommunismCommunism Historical contradictions of CapitalismHistorical contradictions of Capitalism

Lenin and ImperialismLenin and Imperialism Normative Commitment to Marxismormative Commitment to Marxism

Egalitarianism over efficiencyEgalitarianism over efficiency

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Marxist View of Societyarxist View of Society

Forces of Production(Material Resources and Technology)

Social Relations (Modes) of Production(Base or Structure)

Ideas, Values, Beliefs, Laws(Ideological Superstructure)

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Structuralism: Three QuestionsStructuralism: Three Questions What is the economy for?hat is the economy for?

Normative: To help the massesNormative: To help the masses Empirical: To serve the wealthy by exploiting the massesEmpirical: To serve the wealthy by exploiting the masses

How does the economy work?ow does the economy work? Dependency Theory (Terms of Trade and dependentDependency Theory (Terms of Trade and dependent

development)development) World System Theory (Core, Periphery andWorld System Theory (Core, Periphery and

Semiperiphery)Semiperiphery) Antonio Gramsci andAntonio Gramsci and Intellectual HegemonyIntellectual Hegemony

Relationship between Politics and Economics?elationship between Politics and Economics? Political organization derives from economicPolitical organization derives from economic

organizationorganization

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Structuralism: StrengthsStructuralism: Strengths Highlights Nature of Inequality in IPEHighlights Nature of Inequality in IPE Relates National Development toRelates National Development to

International EconomyInternational Economy

Anti-capitalism

protest in NYC

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Structuralism: WeaknessesStructuralism: Weaknesses Failure of CommunismFailure of Communism Poorly Developed ConceptsPoorly Developed Concepts Influence of International versus Domestic inInfluence of International versus Domestic in

National Economic DevelopmentNational Economic Development

Chiapas rebels

in Mexico

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The Theories ComparedThe Theories Compared

THEORY

BASICUNIT OF

ANALYSIS

PURPOSE OFTHE

NATIONAL

ECONOMY

UNDERLYINGLOGIC OF

ECONOMIC

INTERACTION

NATURE OFECONOMIC

INTERACTION

RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN

POLITICS AND

ECONOMICS

POLICYGUIDANCE

LiberalismPrivate

Actors(Individualsand Firms)

Promoteindividual

welfare (bymaximizingefficiency andgrowth)

Markets driven byprices (Laws ofSupply andDemand)

Harmoniousbetweenindividuals/States (absolutegains; everyone

wins)

Separate(Economicsshould be keptseparate from

politics)

DOMESTIC: freemarket and minimalgovt. interferenceINTERNATIONAL:free trade and capitalflows

Mercantilism

State

(NationalEconomy asEconomic

Tool of StatePower)

Promote statepower (vianationaleconomicdevelopment[producerinterests])

Markets driven by(state) market

power

Conflictual acrossstates (relativegains; some winmore than others)

United

(Economics altersstate power;economicssubordinate to

politics)

DOMESTIC:

Industrial policies[sectoral intervention]INTERNATIONAL:strategic trade[limited protection]

Structuralism

Class(Domination

of classeswithinCapitalism)

Promote classinterests

(domestic orcore vs.

periphery)

Markets driven byclass interests,

both domestic andinternational(unevendevelopment)

Conflictual acrossclasses and states

(system servesinterests ofdominant group)

Politics derivesfrom economics(politics

subordinate toeconomics;structure andsuperstructure)

DOMESTIC:protectionism and

import substitutionINTERNATIONAL:reform of IPE/closedeconomies