Structural Fabricators Steel Services - Peddi · 1 2 3 Confidence Breeds Success In the last issue of the STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW, I described four reasons why the Structural

A PEDDINGHAUS PUBLICATION FOR FABRICATORS MAKING TODAY’S SKYLINE POSSIBLE

New Raptor CAD/CAM Software Takes Flight PAGE 10

2012 NASCC: Peddinghaus Goes BIG in Texas! PAGE 11

Experience the Advantage 2 PCD-1100/3C Drill Line PAGE 12

PeddiWriter Automatic Layout Marking System PAGE 14

Success of the PeddiWriter PAGE 16

Fully Automated Welding is Here: The Zeman Steel Beam Assembler System PAGE 18

Getting to Know the Peddinghaus Engineering Team PAGE 20

Welcome to the new www.Peddinghaus.com PAGE 24

V O L U M E 4 0 | S P R I N G 2 0 1 2

Waiward SteelFabricators

Looking Back & LookingAhead: Technology Pays OffPAGE 5

Alpha SteelFab

Where ProductionTakes FlightPAGE 6

StructuralSteel Services

Flexing American Musclein the Magnolia StatePAGE 8

1

23

Confidence

Breeds Success

In the last issue of the STEEL

FABRICATORS’ REVIEW, I described

four reasons why the Structural

Steel Fabrication industry should

be optimistic about 2012. As I write

this article at the end of the

first quarter… there are valid reasons

to be optimistic indeed.

Take a moment to evaluate each

scenario, and you will detect a

pattern of market confidence.

That confidence should

be your guide as your

firm moves forward

in 2012 to seize the

opportunities available.

2 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW SPRING 2012

Lyle Menke

1

2

3

4

More projects coming from the AmericanInstitute of Architects. The latestArchitectural Index Report from the AIAreveals a third consecutive month of growth– that means that Architects are working onmore projects. There is an increase in com-mercial/industrial and institutional projectswhich is good news for steel construction.

AISC Year End Report BucksTrend with 2% OverallGrowth in 2011. As statedby John Cross, AISC V.P.,this fourth quarter bounce isan encouraging sign and indicates that 2012 growth will probably be in therange of 8%. These numbers must be tempered with previous yearly performance,but there is a definite positive trend on thehorizon! Additionally, the AISC advises thatthe market share of structural steel remainsstrong at 58% – another good indicator.

Steel Service Centers are Thriving. With themanufacturing renaissance in the USA (evenechoed in Washington DC), service centersare seeing increased business and new oppor-tunities from various sources. Steel is King –time to capitalize!

New Technologies are Proving Themselves. Last issue, we wrote about the newPeddiWriter Standalone Layout MarkingSystem from Peddinghaus. With multiplemachines in the field, users are reportingOUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE.Productivity and Accuracy are both increased– and a major benefit is the ability for theirworkforce to move from tedious manual layout to productive shop areas – energizingtheir personnel!

Don’t take our word – read from our satisfiedcustomers in the pages of this magazine… a common term is 10 to 1 productivity overmanual methods.

The PeddiWriter is a Winner – Shouldn’t yourshop explore this “technology that works”?

Educating the Industry – It’s in our DNAAt the NASCC Conference, you will seePeddinghaus in many venues. On the showfloor, at the Network Event, riding on ourFabricators’ Motorcycle Tour, at Texas MotorSpeedway … Everywhere!

Why does Peddinghaus invest so much in theSteel Construction Industry? Easy, “this is where we live”… steel fabrication is in the DNA of every Peddinghaus employee.

The goal at Peddinghaus is to promote SteelConstruction/Fabrication to all future andpotential industry members. There is no betterway to promote our industry than to educateevery attendee about the wonderful aspects ofour market place.

Bringing Fabricators Together … Serving the IndustryHave you noticed that there is always a centraltheme to Peddinghaus’ activities? Whether it is aMotorcycle Tour, or a Networking DinnerEvent, or a Show Booth Presentation on theShow Floor – Peddinghaus Brings FabricatorsTogether – to discuss the “state of the industry”.

Global fabricating firms make a point to attendour networking events to discuss new businessopportunities in international markets.

Peddinghaus works closely with all industryorganization partners: AISC, AWS, MSCI,FMA; all of them. We participate to insure youreceive the information you need to successfullyoperate your fabrication business.

So Join Us at the NASCC in Dallas!Our Fabricators’ Motorcycle Tour kick starts April13th. We head to San Antonio and Houston tovisit Markle Manufacturing, Sefton Steel, and Schuff Steel. Compare notes with other fabricators on today’s techniques! We’ll also take in a NASCAR race and visit an authentic Texas ranch over the weekend.

We Celebrate Steel at our Wednesday nightNetworking Event at the Glass CactusNightclub: join fellow fabricators in an informalatmosphere to “talk fabrication”.

How will Election 2012 affect your business? What will happen to structuralsteel fabrication the next 4 years if theRepublican or Democratic candidate winsin November? Join our Political Point/Counter point on Thursday, April 19 at 2 pm as Peddinghaus Presents: The Race to the Presidency; Where WillYou Finish in 2012?

James Carville, Pat Buchanan, and moderator Ben Stein will lead the discussion – and will be available for an exclusive “Meet and Greet” with participants in Peddinghaus Booth 1201.

Join Us for an

Entertainingly Educational Event!

BUCHANAN

CARVILLE

STEIN

Nobody Does the NASCC Like Peddinghaus…• Our Fabricators’ Motorcycle Tour of Texas

kicks off events on April 13th with a 5 daytour of the Lone Star State: NASCAR, DudeRanch, and Fabricator Networking – a greatcombination!

• Booth 1201 is the hot spot on the showfloor! See the highly successful PeddiWriter,rugged 1250-510 band saw, and theAdvantage 2 under power

• You are invited to our Special NetworkingEvent on Wednesday, April 18, as we celebratesteel with comedian John Pinette, the DallasCowboy Cheerleaders, live music – and moresurprises…

• Peddinghaus Presents: The Race to thePresidency; Where will You Finish in 2012?

Join us for an exclusive Executive Briefing, featuring hot topics that affect you and everyone in the structural steel fabrication industry.

Learn “both sides of the argument” from James Carville, Pat Buchanan, and moderatedby Economics Expert, Ben Stein.

We’re Listening to YOUI want to thank you again for reading ourSTEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW magazine.Our Marketing team does a great job ofresearching industry topics that our readers tellme are educational, informative, and useful fortheir companies.

Speaking ofmarketing,check outPeddi-TVon the internet! This video magazine covers new industry topics in a lively, entertaining style. Learn how Selvaggio Steel used theirPeddinghaus equipment to provide new marketsand revenue for their firm. Check out Peddi-TVon the web: www.peddinghaus.com/pedditv.

What Makes an Industry Leader?Why do our customers, industry colleagues, andbusiness partners consider Peddinghaus to benumber one in the steel construction/fabricationindustry? Without sounding too arrogant, webelieve these facts have a lot to do with it:

• The New PeddiWriter Standalone LayoutMarking System – the labor saving GameChanger in Structural Fabrication profitability

• The Advantage 2 High Speed Carbide drillwith 5 station Tool Changer – Tomorrow’sTechnology Today for profile drilling

• Our new Raptor Software – 3D Design fortoday’s modernsoftware platform

• 24 Hour World Class Customer Service andSupport – unparalleled in the industry

• Made in the USA by skilled craftsman whounderstand quality

Partner Up With Peddinghaus

At the NASCC, you will experience what our current customers understand already. In uncertain times, you need a solid business part-ner to support you. You require an establishedteammate, well schooled in the steel fabricationindustry, and dedicated to your firm – not justnow – but into the future as well.

For more information visit nascc.peddinghaus.com

Continued on page 8

FROM THE CEO

Anton Peddinghaus

Hope Springs EternalIt is that special time of the year again — Spring time! And as everyone in

the Steel Construction industry knows, Spring is a time for renewal and

experiencing groundbreaking events: like new construction projects —

and the NASCC Conference.

The NASCC is a benchmark event for all of us who participate in steel

construction, and this year promises new opportunities for all sized

fabricators! As we travel across the USA, fabricators advise that they

are very optimistic about the future. They advise that some delayed

structural steel projects are progressing and more new steel projects

are coming on-line as well. “Better margins and fewer competitors on

the bid list”, are frequent comments.

w w w. s t e e l f a b r e v i e w . c o m

SPRING 2012 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW 3


FROM THE CEO

Continued from page 3

It’s Really Pretty Simple: You Want a Business Partner that Won’t Let You Down at a Critical Time

A listing of a few fabricators that have placed their confidence in Peddinghaus over the past few months.

Continued on page 8



WAIWARD STEEL FABRICATORS

Looking Back & Looking Ahead: Technology Pays Off

In 2005, our STEEL FAB REVIEW

article started like this…

Waiward Steel Fabricators, Edmonton, Alberta,Canada, is an industrial fabricator specializing in the oil and gas, pulp and paper, and petrochemicalindustries. Founded in 1971, Waiward’s servicesinclude the fabrication and installation of structuraland miscellaneous steel, equipment components,hoppers, plate work, material handling equipment &conveyors, and bridge girders… among others.

7 Years Later, Waiward is Still Thriving…Essentially, that statement is true, Waiward stillfabricates virtually all types of structural steelapplications that come their way. No job is toobig or too small for this 40,000 ton/year shop.Waiward is grateful to their customers; they areproud of their workforce and facility; and theyhave confidence for the future.

Peddinghaus’ Technology Makes the DifferenceOh yes, one more thing – they have appliedPeddinghaus’ technology which has helped growtheir business steadily through the ups anddowns of a turbulent market.

A Working Partnership: Waiward Steel & Peddinghaus The SFR staff sat down with Waiward PresidentTerry Degner and Shop Operations ManagerRob Wright, to discuss the “state of the industry” now and in the future. Here are theircomments about a commitment to automationand technology.

“We started our automation process in 1989. We purchased a Peddinghaus drill/saw line, a Fabripunchplate machine and an AFPS 643 Anglemaster.

By 2005, we were running nine (9) Peddinghausmachines in our shop:

• 3 drill/saw lines (2 of BDL 1250/9 and BDL 760)• 2 plate lines (FPB 1800 & FDB 1500)• ABC Coping system• Anglemaster AFPS 643

Today, in 2012, we employ these Peddinghausmachines every day in our Production:

• 3 drill/saw lines (1 BDL 1250 D-carbide; 1 of PCD B; 1 of BDL 1250/9 B)

• 3 plate lines (2 of HSFDB high speed; 1 FPB1800 – still running from 2001)

• ABC Coping System (still running from 1992)• Anglemaster AFPS 643 (from 2005)• The new PeddiWriter Standalone Marking

System WOW – what a machine!!!

Why Invest in the Latest Technology – the PeddiWriter?Waiward Steel purchased one of the firstPeddiWriter Standalone Layout MarkingSystems from Peddinghaus.

(Editor’s Note: When we mentioned the word“PeddiWriter” – both Terry & Rob began smiling.)

TERRY: “The PeddiWriter machine concept wasvery intriguing for us – could one machine actual-ly “write” all the data onto a beam – just like ourexisting layout and fitters?” The answer is “YES”!

ROB: “We explored the best location in our shopfor the PeddiWriter, and we positioned it afterour drill lines, integrating with our Peddinghausconveyor/transfer handling system … Wow doesit produce steel!”

Layout a Beam or Column in Minutes –Not Hours? YES PeddiWriter!In side by side comparisons of an experiencedshop layout technician (or fitter), thePeddiWriter reveals a 10 to 1 productivity edge.

ROB: “We started slowly as we became morefamiliar with the Plasma marking technology,but today we average about 60 beams/columns per 10 hour shift.”

Robbi Dosanj is the foreman in the fit up area,and he monitors production closely.

ROBBI: “What impresses me is that it is simple tooperate. Peddinghaus software can extract theexact shape (beam, column, channel, tube) fromthe 3D model, and we are ready to run. Theoperator need only check for the right beam andthe corresponding program.”

Continued on page 6

Terry Degner, President and Rob Wright, V.P. Shop OperationsManager.

The PeddiWriter is fed by 3 Peddinghaus drill lines at Waiward Steel.

The PeddiWriter is strategically positioned to feed the welding bayat Waiward.

The PeddiWriter supplies steel to an array of welding stations.


ALPHA STEELFAB

Where Production Takes

When Airbus describes their latest aviation innovation, the A380 jetliner, they simply make

the statement “Love at First Flight”. The world’s largest commercial aircraft, the A380 has

the capacity to carry up to 525 passengers on a single flight. It may be hard to imagine

the experience as a passenger aboard this flying titan, but even harder to imagine is the

experience of an emergency situation aboard such an aircraft.

All airports have what is known as “fire trainers”. These “mocked-up” metal vessels are

what firefighters use to practice emergency circumstances aboard grounded airplanes.

Since the A380 is such a massive vessel, with multiple decks of passengers and cargo,

a life sized model needs to be made to prepare local fire teams if such an emergency ever

were to occur. That’s where Alpha SteelFab comes into the picture.

WAIWARD STEEL


“Also, with the plasma technology, we don’t use many consumables – we have spentonly $50 on plasma electrodes and nozzles in 3 months on a multi-shift basis.”

Automation (+ Accuracy / - Man hours) = Competitiveness TERRY: Like every fabricator in North America, we compete in a tough, competitive market. Even in Western Canada, we compete with fabricatorsin Asia and other global locations. The only way to stay competitive is toreduce man hours per ton with “workable technology”.

Peddinghaus has brought that automation technology to Waiward since 1971.

ROB: If you look at the carbide drilling technology that we employ on our BDL1250 D drill line and our two HSFDB plate processing machines – it is hard toimagine where we would be, if we had not pursued the latest technologies.

We are producing holes now in 2-3 seconds compared to 9-10 seconds. Theproductivity speaks for itself, and gives us the edge against competitors usingolder technology.

It is all about producing a quality product faster and more accurately. Aquality product remains the benchmark in today's competitive market.

Waiward Needs Round the Clock Service: Peddinghaus is ThereBeing a good partner is true in any relationship –you need to be available andresourceful to assist where pos-sible in any type of situationor circumstance.

How does Peddinghaus help Waiward? 1. Peddinghaus has an experienced service technician available within the area2. Peddinghaus’ local dealer, George McCarthy and Akhurst Machinery, maintain

parts AND service technicians as well3. 24 hour telephone customer support from the Bradley, IL USA

headquarters with knowledgeable Peddinghaus technicians on the phone 4. Same day parts shipments if required from the largest parts inventory

in the industry5. Today’s electronic trouble shooting technology: from web cams to

remote diagnostics – Akhurst/Peddinghaus uses them all – and then gets aqualified technician to you pronto

6. Peddinghaus CARES about customers…it’s in their DNA

Since 2005, Some Things Never Change: It’s Still People Embracing Technology“Waiward was founded in 1971 by two young Alberta farm boys who took their rural work ethic and love of steel construction and started a newenterprise. By applying these same strengths, Waiward Steel has flourished.”(Yes, that’s a quote from the 2005 SFR article.)

Isn’t it refreshing to learn that a good work ethic, smart decision making,and having the foresight to invest in tomorrow’s technology today, makesthe difference in today's structural steel fabrication market?

“It ain’t easy out there, but when you have a plan and a technological partner on your side – the odds are in your favor.”

Clayton Hanson (Akhurst), Bruce Hemphill(Peddinghaus), and George McCarthy(Akhurst) insure that service is priority forall Peddinghaus customers.

The Alpha SteelFab Team from Right to Left: Bobby Owens (Plant Superintendent), Britt Fletcher (VP ofOperations), and Chad Brewer (Plant Manager)


Flight

When Airbus describes their latest aviation innovation, the

A380 jetliner, they simply make the statement “Love at First

Flight”. The world’s largest commercial aircraft, the A380 has

the capacity to carry up to 525 passengers on a single flight.

It may be hard to imagine

the experience as a passenger aboard this flying titan, but

even harder to imagine is the experience of an emergency sit-

uation aboard such an aircraft.

All airports have what is known as “fire trainers”. These

“mocked-up” metal vessels are what firefighters use to prac-

tice emergency circumstances aboard grounded airplanes.

Since the A380 is such a massive vessel, with multiple decks

of passengers and cargo,

a life sized model needs to be made to prepare local fire

teams if such an emergency ever were to occur. That’s where

Alpha SteelFab comes into the picture.

True Texan TenacityThe team at Alpha SteelFab in Melissa, Texasexhibits the true Texan tenacity needed to attackcomplex fabrication projects. Britt Fletcher, VicePresident of Operations, fosters a can-do approachwhich is evident in all aspects of operations.“Whether it’s churches, stadiums, petro-chemical,or office buildings, the team at Alpha SteelFabnever backs down from a challenge,” states MitchReeves, President of Alpha SteelFab. “I was confi-dent that our team was capable of succeeding withthis project. Not a lot of people in my place cansay that.” With production designed to soar abovethe competition in any bidding bout, the prospectof engineering and fabricating a mock-up A380jetliner was an intriguing challenge to say the least.Combining good old fashion know-how withmodern technology, the team at Alpha SteelFabtruly takes flight.

The A380 Project Lifts Off22' wide, 26' tall, and 160' long are the dimensionsof the mock-up airplane. Literally a 3 story build-ing, the airplane mockup has simulated seats, over-head bins, and yes – toilets. “Who thinks that afireman needs to know that there is a third deck?”states Britt Fletcher. “This plane is different than a737, and firefighters need to be familiar with theobstacles they would encounter in an emergency.”

The 500,000 lb airplane mock-up is designed forthe full firefighting experience. There are heat

sensors, propane piping, and irrigation that allcome together to make this project a success.

“The project will ship in 10 sections, the heaviest ofwhich is 60,000lbs. We had the pleasure to take thisproject from design to completion and are sched-uled to finish on time in April 2012,” states Britt.

Top Class Technology for an Innovative FabricatorComplex projects such as the A380 mock-uprequire versatile equipment. The PeddinghausAdvantage drill line provides the strength, speed,and flexibility that Alpha SteelFab demands.

“Originally the only equipment we had was aband saw. All holes were drilled using magneticdrills,” states Britt. “When we got ready to pursuenew equipment we looked at Peddinghaus becausewe knew their reputation for quality machines andservice support. When we installed our PCD-1100drill line we had the chance to move our manualdrilling team into other jobs such as assembly, orfitting/welding. Beyond the efficiency we hadgained, our accuracy was increased substantially.This is important to us as our reputation is forbeing on target, and on time. Our clients expectnothing but the best from us. We expect the samefrom the machines we operate.”

The Advantage drill line in tandem with 1250-510straight cut saw eliminates the manual layout forhole drilling, increasing accuracy and efficiency.For detail components, an Ocean Clipper angleline has brought production to a whole new level.

“I remember when we installed the Clipper,” statedChad Brewer, Plant Manager. “We ran the machinefor part of the week, and finished ALL of our anglework! I was worried that this was going to be aproblem, but in the end it was exactly what weneeded. When the operator wasn’t on the AngleLine he could do other work. We don’t even worryabout angle detail anymore because our system issetup so well for it.”

Even the overhead bins are simulated on the A380 mock-up. The inside of the A380 mockup is as real as it gets – from staircases torestrooms – it's all made with steel.

The PCD-1100/3B drill line in tandem with 1250-510 band saw are theperfect pair for Alpha's unique production requirements.

From heavy structural members, to angle processed on the Ocean Clipper, Peddinghaus equipment delivers paramount production.



FROM THE CEO


At Peddinghaus we pride ourselves on our 24 Hour customer support. We pride ourselves on strong, solid equipment that uses today’s “workable”technologies. We pride ourselves on having a deep organization that is totally dedicated to customer satisfaction. Make a trip to Bradley orAndrews and experience it for yourself. We LOVE to have visitors!

Thank You to Our Customers/FriendsI wish to personally thank all of our customers and friends who haveexpressed their confidence in Peddinghaus Corporation by purchasing ourequipment in the past months. We deeply appreciate it.

As you review this industry list on page 4, I’m sure you will see some structural steel fabrication firms: some are very established and some are relatively new. However, all have become Peddinghaus’ partners in the last year.

See You in Dallas…I’m looking forward to meeting you at any of our upcoming events at the NASCC. If you are riding a motorcycle, enjoying John Pinette, or learning about America from Buchanan, Carville, or Stein – remember one thing – Peddinghaus is always on your side. So why not jointhe Peddinghaus Partnership?

We won’t disappoint you.

Remember, the market is improving,

labor saving Peddinghaus machines are

available, tax incentives exist in 2012,

and you have a reliable partner.

Let’s toast to a fantastic 2012 –

because my glass is ALWAYS half full!

Bigger, Faster, Stronger

Located near the eastern border of the Magnolia State, Structural Steel Services

has proven to be the king of the Queen City – Meridian, Mississippi. Heavy industrial

work takes on a whole new meaning for Tony Dean and his team at Structural Steel

Services. From power plants to petrochemical work, it’s common to see anywhere

from 1,000 tons – 1,500 tons per week of fabricated steel leave their facility. Sections

that commonly exceed 500 lbs per foot are in abundance, projects that reach 30,000

tons are commonplace, and a tenacity to tackle big projects with short lead times is

contagious. Armed with their Peddinghaus equipment, the sky is the limit for

Structural Steel Services.

Tony Dean, Executive Vice President and General Manager at Structural Steel Services.

STRUCTURAL STEEL SERVICES –

MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI

Flexing American Muscle in the Magnolia State

SPRING 2010 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW 1SPRING 2012 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW 9


Growing with AutomationAutomation has long been a key component to the success of the firm. With acritical eye for the strength and speed needed to accommodate their workload,machinery is something that Structural Steel Services knows well. From selfmade milling machines to state-of-the-art welding systems every aspect of production is viewed as a link in a chain advancing production.

Peddinghaus plays a major role in the production at Structural Steel Services.With a reputation for dependability, speed, and capacity, Steel Servicesdemands the same attributes from their equipment, and Peddinghaus delivers.

“We researched other makers of machinery when looking for new equipment.We visited shops to checkout their machines. We always looked for the best and most dependable machines in operation in the field, and we chosePeddinghaus,” stated Tony Dean, Executive Vice President and GeneralManager of Structural Steel Services. “Even at the time of the F-1170duplicator Peddinghaus was ahead of the industry. If my competition didn’thave one I would beat their bid every time. Peddinghaus machines are reliable,dependable, and make you money!”

Progression is in their BloodThe BDL-1250/9D heavy duty carbide drill line is the backbone of productionat Structural Steel Services. With the ability to handle the heaviest sections, and eliminate the need to change tools by applying a nine spindle design, theproduction of this machine proves to be unmatched.

Having replaced an existing BDL-1250/9A, the more advanced D-model hasshattered production figures when compared to yesterday’s drill line. “TheBDL-D is five times faster than our previous drill for the heavy industrial workwe process,” stated Tony Dean. “We had one specific job with 350 columnsover 500 lbs per foot. These sections were 20 tons per piece!

The machine was processing 3 pieces per shift. On two shifts we had 120 tonsof steel pass through that drill in a twenty four hour period! Nobody touchesthat machine.”

A Trusted PartnerStructural Steel Services' methods are so advanced that at the point other fabricators were bidding below cost, they were capable to match bids while stillturning a profit. This capability is not due to powerful equipment alone.Beyond their ingenuity and powerful equipment, Structural Steel Services holdscustomer service to a high standard when meeting deadlines and satisfyingclients. Running two ten-hour shifts each day, seven days a week, the 24 hourservice department that Peddinghaus provides has become a useful tool forStructural Steel Services’ production.

“Peddinghaus customer service does a great job helping us with our machines.There are many veteran service techs that we know from decades of doing workwith Peddinghaus. Additionally there are a lot of new technicians that are wellprepared to help us out when we call in,” stated Tony Dean. “Our needs aremet extremely fast by Peddinghaus’ service department. We wouldn’t change athing about it.”

Competing in a Global MarketplaceIn a world where international competition is affecting the global marketplace,Structural Steel Services is turning the tables on international competition byexporting to Asia. For over five years the firm has been competing within Asianmarkets. There have been some growing pains along the way; language barriershave been evident, deliveries can be complicated, and international export hasits surprises; but Structural Steel Services continues to succeed in foreign lands.On Structural Steel Services’ first major power project shipped internationally,the plant began generating power an entire 27 months ahead of schedule! The proof is in the project, and it’s easy to see that no matter the location inthe world, Structural Steel Services delivers.

Angle detail is processed by a Peddinghaus AFPS-643 Angle Line.

The BDL-1250/9D Drill Line is the backbone of production at Structural Steel Services.

Sections such as this W14x730 beam are commonsights at Structural Steel Services.

The BDL-1250/9B Drill Line is ideal for sections up to 730 lbs per foot.


New Raptor

CAD/CAM

Software Takes

FlightRaptor CAD/CAM software from Peddinghaus takes flight in Dallas at the 2012

NASCC. Designed to match the robust build quality of Peddinghaus machinery,

Raptor simplifies operations while providing value added production options.

A 3D Design Interface for Streamlined Programming

For a world that demandscomplex layout marking onfour surfaces of a structuralprofile, Raptor provides theability to manipulate nestsand part programs within acustom designed 3D userinterface.

Designed with user friendliness in mind, the Raptor 3D User Interface isintended to create programs using the following features:

• Generate holes using the single hole, hole matrix, or hole circle development tabs

• Generate copes by entering basic data in one of 3 cope creation tabs• Automatically apply "pop-marks" or scribe marks using one of several tabs • Create weld layout scribes using the user friendly weld layout scribe tab • Add corrections using the enhancements tab in order to dictate cope

modifications such as rounding radii, web clearance, lead in cut radii, etc. • Nest parts onto a common stock length for batch processing

Data Import Features for All Fabricators

DSTV IMPORT MODULEIn today’s world of structural fabrication buildings are commonly designedwithin modern BIM programs. BIM software such as Tekla, Design Data,AceCad, Steel Office, and much more transfer the original design of connections directly from the BIM model into common file standards (suchas DSTV) which are then capable of being imported into CAD/CAM software platforms. For fabricators that rely on this established standard ofDSTV to program equipment, a DSTV import module is available for usewith the Raptor software platform.

OPTIONAL TEKLA API MODULE Users of Tekla structures have the option of importing Tekla geometrydirectly into the Raptor software platform. Although Tekla allows for exportinto a common file standard (DSTV) the optional Tekla API module allows for a variety of advantages which not only expedite machine and programming operations, but allow for value added file features not previously available.

The intuitive data transfer configuration between Raptor and Tekla struc-tures is condensed into a single dialogue box where one may only need toselect the part within the building model and click the button “GO!”. Theprogram is then automatically generated with the selected presets and storedat the desired file location ready for production.

THE BENEFITS OF THE RAPTOR TEKLA API MODULE:• Automatically generate layout and scribe marking directly from the

building model• Automatically generate part identification - scribe the part, assembly and

project name on any surface of material with no manual programming• Automatically program

lead-in cuts for thermallycut components

• Properly align flange thin-ning with web materialcompensation. This ensuresthat copes don’t cut intoweb material as can occurwith DSTV file conversions

• Capable of selecting oromitting specific featuresrequired to program a certain type of machine (For example, When programming a drill line, itmay be necessary to omitcoping information)

Raptor’s Peddimat ExportModuleExisting software is not for-gotten with this latest versionof Peddinghaus CAD/CAMprogramming. For fabricatorswith multiple machinesalready installed operating

with Peddimat software, a Peddimat export module is available for seamlessintegration between platforms. All programming, or data importation cantake place within Raptor and easily exported into a Peddimat part file fordrilling, cutting, or layout marking.

For more information on the new Raptor CAD/CAM program visitBooth #1201 and request a live demonstration!


A

B

CD

E

F G

H

H H

EXPERIENCE THEP C D - 1 1 0 0 / 3 C D R I L L L I N EP C D - 1 1 0 0 / 3 C D R I L L L I N E

Thrive in a Global MarketFaster production means lower cost per ton

of fabricated steel. When everyone buys and

sells steel for similar prices, how do you win

contracts and stay profitable?

CAMELOT METALS: Roseville, Minnesota

BEFORE: Two TDK-1000 Drill Lines

AFTER: One PCD-1100/3C Drill Line

RESULT: Faster Production and lower overhead

“The new Advantage 2 significantly reduces theamount of time it takes to process material,”David Kudebeh, General Manager of Camelot Metals said. “This machine increased production volume by 35%! We were drilling holes at about 8-9 seconds per hole, and now we can run them even faster at 3-4 seconds per hole.”

A POWERFUL SIEMENS SPINDLE MOTORS

• High Speed 25 HP / 18.6 kW Siemens

spindle specific motors • Break-neck speeds of up to 2250 RPM

B FIXED LEAD SCREW SPINDLE MOTION• Siemens servo motors paired with a robust fixed lead

screw make for a powerful combination on the

Advantage 2• Rotating positioning nuts on each of the spindles are

the source of movement for each spindle axis


C 5 STATION TOOL CHANGERS• Each of the three spindle axes on the ADVANTAGE 2

comes fully equipped with 5 station automatic tool

changers• Automatic tool changing on the ADVANTAGE 2

minimizes the need to manually switch tool sizes

or enter the machine operating area

D ROLLER MEASUREMENT MATERIAL HANDLING

• Roller measurement with automatic height control

makes for paramount accuracy and unmatched

versatility• Start your conveyors outside unprotected in any

climate to free shop space for other processes such

as welding and fit-up

E DUAL HORIZONTAL CLAMPS• The independently operating horizontal clamps on the

ADVANTAGE 2 allow for more direct and rigid clamping

than ever before

F NEW VERTICAL HOLD DOWN DESIGN• The new vertical hold downs on the ADVANTAGE 2 drill

line are designed to firmly hold thin flanges rigid

for drilling with carbide tipped tooling and eliminate

unwanted vibration

G THROUGH THE TOOL MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION SYSTEM

• Ecologically friendly minimum quantity lubrication is

implemented on the new ADVANTAGE 2 drill line• This vegetable oil based lubricant can utilize as little

as 5% solution to 95% air when drilling. Parts come

off the machine nearly dry and ready for the next

operation, whether it is welding or painting, without

the need for excessive cleanup operations

H MULTI-AXIS CARBIDE SCRIBING• An available scribing tool is placed into the automatic

tool changer and selected by the machine when

scribing is used in a program

• The ADVANTAGE 2 is capable of scribing any character

or shape in multiple orientations and depths

• Scribing is possible in each of the spindle axes, as

well as the underneath side of a profile

I ONBOARD HYDRAULIC UNIT• The footprint of the ADVANTAGE 2 is further

minimized by using an onboard hydraulic unit• The limited use of hydraulics on the ADVANTAGE 2

drill line allow for a lighter and smaller 5 HP (4 kW)

power unit than on previous versions of the PCD-1100

drill series

METAL PROCESSING CAPABILITIES & MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS

INCH METRIC

Maximum Profile Dimensions 44" x 18” 1100mm – 460mm

Minimum Profile Dimensions 2" x 3/4” 50mm – 20mm

Spindle Power 25 HP (S6-40%) 18.5 kW (S6-40%)

Layout Marking 4 Axis Carbide Scribing

Maximum Spindle RPM 2250 RPM

Tooling Carbide – High Speed Steel Insert, Twist Drills as Desired

Tool Changer 1 Each Axis x 5 Stations Each

Lubrication System Minimum Quantity Lubrication

BEAMS CHANNELS SQUARE TUBING ANGLES FLAT STOCK

4AxisScribing

NEW WAY OLD WAY



Within some of today’s fab shop facilities, you may find an army of layout personnel – equipped with t-squares, prints of assemblies, and the dreaded soap stone marking tool. This is common practicethroughout the industry, and rightly so. Few options were previously available that focused solely on the fit up requirements of today’s structural fabricators.

Until now…

Bust the Layout Bottleneck! – Introducing the All New PeddiWriterEliminate the manual layout of structural sections with the all new PeddiWriter. The perfect combination of speed and strength, the PeddiWriter applies modern technology to the actions of measurement and layout marking.

Imagine one machine, integrated into your existing system that can…

• Mark on all 4 sides of a profile as a standalone operation without slowing other processes

• Layout faster and more effectively than ever before with a dual torch system – do the work of an entireteam of layout personnel with a single machine!

• Minimize the potential for human error by reducing manual practices

• Utilize your drill line for drilling operations by relying on an offline marking station – increasing efficiency and maximizing throughput

• Minimize the overhead associated with manually marking weld data and locations onto a profile –lower labor cost means lower cost per ton and higher profitability / competitiveness for your firm!

• Streamline material handling by minimizing crane handling of a profile – easily integrate into yourexisting Peddinghaus system due to its modular design

Measurement and layout is a critical part of any fabricators operation – any operation worth investinghours of labor is worth automating and expediting to help fabricators compete in today’s market!

Cut Costs, Increase Efficiency, Improve Accuracy, Succeed in Today's Market!

Peddinghaus, Masters of Measurement…from Beams to Plate and Everything In Between

Peddinghaus has long been a pioneer in the

machine tool industry. This began with the

first drill lines, plate processors, and much

more. What do these technologies have in

common? They all apply automatic

MEASUREMENT to the processes of drilling,

cutting, punching, and shearing.

What happens to these parts

when they leave the CNC machines of

today’s fab shop?

Many of these parts are involved in

larger assemblies that involve welded

joints – much of which require

measurement and marking as a

reference for their final assembly.

• Web Stiffeners• Base Plates• Shear Tabs / Fin Plates• Flexible End Plates• Bearing Pads• Moment End Plates• Welded Flange Plates• Moment End Connections• Welded Splice Plates

• Gusset Plates• Cap Plates• Welded Angle Seats• Welded Beams to Columns• Haunched Beam End

Plates• Uniform Force Bracing

Connections • Uniform Force Bracing

Connections

Streamline the Layout of Any Welded Connection Including:

• Faster than 5 Fitters• Layout 7 - 8 Profiles per Hour• Accuracy, Accuracy, Accuracy…Don’t ask us – Peddiwriter users tell the story on page 16

A concept so advanced, so innovative, Peddinghaus is the first in the world to provide it…

The PeddiWriter Automatic Layout Marking System



METAL PROCESSING CAPABILITIES & MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS

INCH METRIC

Maximum Profile Dimensions 50" x 24” 1250mm – 610mm

Minimum Profile Dimensions 3" x 3” 75mm – 75mm

Maximum Profile Weight 43,800 lbs. 19,900 kg

Type Of Marking Hypertherm Plasma ArcWriting

Number Of Marking Units 2 ArcWriting Torches

Markable Surfaces Top of Web, Underside of Web, Top Flange, Bottom Flange

Number Of Surfaces Marked Simultaneously 2 Surfaces

Acceptable Profiles Beams, Channel, Tubing, Angle, Flat Stock

The World’s Latest Technology for the Most Innovative Fab Shops:

MULTIPLE MARKING DEVICES FOR SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION

• Two torches are better than one!• Each marking torch on the PeddiWriter operates independently of the other in all axes of motion• This allows for doubled efficiency for 4 surface layout marking on a wide array of structural

profiles

TOP TORCH: 5 AXIS ARTICULATING HEAD FOR MULTI-SURFACE MARKING VERSATILITY

• The top torch on the PeddiWriter maintains a 5 axis articulating head• This torch is capable of marking on the top of web, top flange, and bottom flange of material

being processed by the PeddiWriter

BOTTOM TORCH: STREAMLINED, INDEPENDENT UNDERSIDE MARKING

• The underside marking on the PeddiWriter is facilitated by a multi-axis marking mechanism• This operates completely independent of the overhead marking system allowing for

simultaneous marking of the bottom and top portions of a profile

CONTINUOUS MATERIAL SENSING

• The marking mechanisms of the PeddiWriter apply constant surface detection to eliminaterepetitive torch probing throughout a program

• Two robust roller probes are fixed to the torch, allowing it to mark, and maintain properstandoff distance throughout a marking program

ROLLERFEED MATERIAL HANDLING

• Seamless integration with existing rollerfeed production lines• Store material outside to minimize overhead and utility costs associated with maintaining

large facilities• Unmatched material handling simplicity, and streamlined efficiency

HYPERTHERM ARCWRITING PLASMA MARKING

• Clear, concise part and layout marking using the very latest in marking technology• Superb marking clarity regardless of material condition• Visible after painting and galvanizing processes• Plasma units mounted onboard machine for minimized footprint, and expedited installations

MODERN SIEMENS ELECTRONICS (NOT PICTURED)

• Siemens 840Di Control• Siemens drives and axis control

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Peddinghaus is making history with the success of

the PeddiWriter CNC layout machine. The first

machine of its kind, the PeddiWriter is quickly

defining the CNC layout marking product category

with its lightning fast production times, and serious

advancements in software technology.

Released during the 2011 NASCC in Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania, the PeddiWriter has quickly found its

way into modern fab-shop facilities in all corners

of the world. Fabricators in South America,

North America, Europe and more are experiencing

production gains that are second to none.

For more information on the PeddiWriter or to schedule a visit to an installation contact [email protected]

Success16 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW SPRING 2012

PeddiWriter Users Tell of Their Succe$$Hot Projects are No Match for the PeddiWriter at Agate Inc. in Scottsdale, Arizona - USA.When Les McCauley witnessed the PeddiWriter at the Pittsburgh NASCC, he could only sum it up one way – “Game Changing”. The concept of the machine was an obvious step for modern structural fabrication. By creating a direct connection between shop floor automation and the Tekla BIM model, Peddinghaus introduced a whole new solution to eliminate human error.

“Our production is 25% faster with the installation of the PeddiWriter,” stated Loren Kunzie, Production Manager of Agate Inc. “I don’t mean that it madefitting 25% faster, it made everything faster. The parts just go together quicker, there is far less rework,it simply minimizes indecision on the shop floor and there are less mistakes. There’s less drawings lying about the shop, and matching parts to their weld locations is as simple as reading thenumbers scribed onto the beam.”

Les McCauley, Vice President at Agate Inc. confirms with hard numbers, “We took a drawing out of Teklaand had our very best fitter layout the part. He took one hour and forty-five minutes. We then took thesame part and ran it on the PeddiWriter and it only took six minutes! The machine is so efficient, that ifwe took it off the floor tomorrow we would need at least five fitters to replace the production that it provides. Not only does it make our production faster, but Agate saves money in erection as well. Ourorganization estimates that in a recent project we have saved 1,000 hours of erection time due to theincrease in accuracy in our welded components! We project that we will save 2,000 hours of erection timeat the conclusion of the project. I can justify this machine in one year of operation.”

Waiward Steel Freezes Production Costs with the PeddiWriter in Edmonton, Alberta - CanadaWhen the team at Waiward viewed thePeddiWriter they had immediately identified howthe machine could improve their productionprocess. Always on the cutting edge of technology,Waiward invested in the machine and has notlooked back yet.

“The PeddiWriter has processed as many as 153profiles in one shift," states Rob Wright, V.P.Operations at Waiward Steel. "A conservativeaverage of throughput is 7-8 profiles per hour.” Even the operators at Waiward are thrilled about the productivity the machine presents. It minimizes the need for printed drawings throughout the facility, and clearly identifies exactly where parts belong on welded members.

“Versus the drilling and sawing machines the PeddiWriter will process three to six sections for every profile that is drilled. We have FAST drills, the fastest in the industry. This just shows how fast thePeddiWriter is. It eliminates the bottleneck of fit-up and layout and now everyone is busy welding tokeep up with the machine.”

Robbi Dosanj, Fit-up Foreman, professes the low cost of plasma layout using ArcWriter technology,“With the plasma technology we don’t use many consumables – we have spent only $50 on plasma electrodes and nozzles in 3 months on a multi-shift basis.”

Les McCauley, Vice President of Agate, Inc. with the PeddiWriter.

The PeddiWriter at Waiward has processed as many as 153 beams ina single 10 hour shift.

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3



An Industry First

Automatic welding is no new feat, but structural steel has long struggled with the

challenge. Although manufacturing facilities which require high levels of repetitive

production have long enjoyed the cost savings of this technology, the unique

aspects of structural steel weldments have provided challenges to automating

the welding process within this realm, until now…

Zeman “Gets it Right”

Imagine a world where detail components enter one end of a machine, beams

another, and both leave the system fully fit-up, welded as dictated by the

original geometry of the 3D building model. This isn’t fantasy, this is reality with

the Zeman Steel Beam Assembler.

How it Works:• Detail components are dropped onto a

conveyor by a material handler

• These components are identified by a laserscanning system

• Structural members are fed into thefitting/welding area as plate parts are broughtinto position

• There are 3 robots involved with welding and fitting. 1 robot is dedicatedto automatically placing parts in the correct positions, and 2 are dedicatedto welding (as 1 tack welds parts to members the other creates completewelds)

• Beams are automatically rotated as dictated by CNC program in order toprocess all sides of the profile in question

• Upon completion parts are fed outside of the machine automatically asnew components enter the operating area

Benefits:• SUPERIOR ACCURACY VIA COMPLETELY AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT

No manual intervention during the welding process.

• FASTER PRODUCTION TIMES AND HIGHER LEVELS OF THROUGHPUT

Reductions in process time are commonly 85%! EXAMPLE: Before the Steel Beam Assembler 1 ton of steel can take up to8 hours to process manually. After the Steel Beam Assembler that same tonof steel takes just under 2 hours to process!

• HIGHER QUALITY WELDING

Welds are unmatched as far as quality and consistency when compared tomanual labor.

• GUARANTEED SKILL

In today’s world it can prove difficult, or even impossible to find theskilled labor needed to run production. Automation guarantees the laborof 9 skilled fitters and welders with the automation of a single machine.All that is needed is 1 material handler, and 1 CNC operator!


FULLY AUTOMATED WELDING IS HERE

The Zeman Steel Beam Assembler System

The first of its kind, a fully automated welding system for structural steel sections.

The Zeman Steel Beam Assembler is available with a single welding line, or a double welding line to maximize throughput.

Does the work of 9 fitter/welders • Increases productivity by 85%




Meet the minds behind the machinery…

Working together for a common goal, each of Peddinghaus’ engineers maintain individualized specialties in order to satisfy a global market for CNC fabricationtechnology. “There are several teams within our engineering department, eachworking like a cog in a well oiled machine.” Ken Coulter, Vice President ofEngineering states, “their work culminates into what is widely considered thestrongest, fastest, and most reliable machine tools on the market today.”

Plasma to OxyFuel, The “Burn Group” Specializes in Hot Technology

As structural equipmentevolves, applications for plasma or OxyFuel cuttingcontinue to grow. The BurnGroup at Peddinghaus specializes in all machines thatmaintain a torch assembly.From the Ring of Fire to thePeddiWriter, the Burn Groupanalyzes and executes newapplications for torch technology.“Plasma layout marking issomething we have recently implemented with thePeddiWriter CNC Layout Marking System. This machine revolutionizeslayout marking” states Ed Brzezniak, Design Engineer.

Thick to Thin, the “Plate Group” Advances Flat Stock ProductionPlate processing can become a time consuming task. Beyond simply drillingholes, many applications require multiple operations to be performed on a single component. The devil is in the details when it comes to plate processing and Peddinghaus’ Plate Group designs solutions. “With newmaterial handling for our plate machines, we are able to lower labor costs forour customers and reduce process time required from start to finish. Plateproduction is now a load, process, unload system, with no stops in between”states Ned Windeler, Plate Group Engineer.

Tapping New Technology, the Drill Group Advances Spindle Design

“Today’s drill spindle looks nothing like the technology of just a few yearsago” states Eric Simek, Design Engineer for Peddinghaus’ Drill Group.Using an array of precision feedback, Peddinghaus’ carbide drilling machinesnot only maintain optimal tool life when making holes, but are also capableof face milling, slot milling, tapping, and countersinking. Steve Stageman,Drill Group engineer reflects on his latest designs, “When we created theHSFDB spindle I relied upon my previous experience designing spindles formachining centers. The HSFDB’s design opened the door to milling, andhas become the cornerstone for Peddinghaus drill spindle designs.”

Controls and Electrical Engineering Power the FutureThe Controls and Electrical Engineering team at Peddinghaus uses Siemens controls throughout their products to ensure the highest level ofstrength and versatility while performing machine functions. Peddinghaus’Siemens controls are designed to withstand harsh shop environments unlikeyesterday’s PC controls. Mike Mullikin, Electrical & Controls Engineer stated, “With our latest innovations, including the Advantage 2 Drill Lineand the PeddiWriter Layout Marking Machine, we can maintain our electronic motion on all axis and limit our dependency on hydraulics. This way,we are taking part in a more environmentally friendly way of fabrication.”

Continued on page 22

GETTING TO KNOW…

The Peddinghaus Engineering Team

Burn Group Engineers Ed Brzezniak and Dan Lahners discuss the processes of the Ring of Fire.

Eric Simek and Steve Stageman of the Drill Group discuss the nuances of carbide drilling on the Advantage 2 line.

Mike Mullikin and Jon Czernik of our Electrical & Controls Engineering group go over instructions for an electrical panel

Just a small portion of the Peddinghaus Engineering Team.




GETTING TO KNOW


The Research and Development Team – Designing Fabrication’s Next Big Advancement The Research and DevelopmentEngineering team’s goal is to utilize forward thinking and come up with thenext big thing. They originate an ideaand bring it to life from concept to execution. Depending on the phase ofthe task, whether it is design or production, the projects they are working on are constantly evolving.“We always have something new com-

ing.” States Jim Magnuson, 30 year veteran of Peddinghaus Corporationand Vice President of Research and Development. “Our type of work isn’twhat we need now, it’s what customers will need in ten years.”

Leading a Digital Age, Advanced Software Engineering ConnectsHardware to SoftwareToday’s innovative machinery demands software that is equally advanced.From the latest Raptor 3D CAD/CAM software to the Tekla API, AdvancedSoftware Engineering continually advances the art of software programmingfor Peddinghaus structural steel machinery. “The Tekla API has revolution-ized how our machines communicate with BIM model data. Using theTekla API we can reduce software labor in the programming office, whilesimultaneously increasing efficiency on the shop floor.” stated Istok Budic,Software Engineering Manager.

Legacy Software Engineering – Because Peddinghaus Never Forgets their PartnersPeddinghaus recognizes the importance of maintaining original software and dedicates a team of engineers to support each of the existing 3,500installations of Peddimat software spanning the globe. “With software available in English, German, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, and Russian, thelegacy software department ensures that no matter where in the world youare, your support is nothing but the best,” States Kirk Kempen, AdvancedSoftware Development Manager.

Continuing to Improve Industry Benchmarks for Today’s FabricatorPeddinghaus machines are built to last, and fabricators trust Peddinghauswith their production ability. With this in mind, Peddinghaus never stopsstriving to be something better. “We continue to evolve our machinery notonly with new designs but continually improving our existing equipment.Our department is dedicated to keeping the customer happy. That’s whatworking at Peddinghaus is all about” states Norm Becker, ContinuousImprovement Engineer.

To speak with a Peddinghaus engineer, contact [email protected]

Keith Wilkey of the Research and DevelopmentTeam works rigorously to finish his latestdesigns.

Kirk Kempen of the Legacy Software Team mingles with customers and industry icons at the annual DesignData user meeting.



VOLUME 40 STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW SPRING 2012

STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW

Washington and Grove Street

Bradley, IL 60915

815. 937. 3800

www.steelfabreview.com

PRSRT STDU.S. POSTAGE

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Joliet, IL

Introducing the new www.peddinghaus.com. This long overdue

enhancement of Peddinghaus' website provides an intuitive

insight to the world of steel fabrication machinery, and offers an

online experience that is second to none.

Explore Equipment Like Never BeforeOnline information about Peddinghaus’ products has evolvedpast simply advanced mechanics, and has expanded to includethe key benefits provided to users. In addition, viewers have theopportunity to explore international case studies, literature, andmedia that is unrivaled in today's CNC machine tool world.

View the New Peddi-TV PortalPeddi-TV, your source for all things steel, has inaugurated an allnew portal for video streaming. No matter where you are in theworld, videos are streamed at rapid speeds. Additionally, thecustom video engine designed by Peddinghaus' web develop-ment team suggests media you may want to explore as youinvestigate the site.

Update Yourself on All Things Peddinghauswith the SFR and Weekly NewsfeedThe industry standard for structural fabrication news, The SteelFabricators' Review, gets a facelift on Peddinghaus’ new sitewith an array of features. Additionally, Peddinghaus' weeklynewsfeed remains front and center, ready to dish out theabsolute latest in Peddinghaus info.

And Much, Much, More...At Peddinghaus, innovation doesn’t stop at machinery. We inviteyou to take a moment and experience this cutting edge resourcefor industry knowledge.

Welcome to the new Peddinghaus.comAs innovative as the equipment and information it contains…

www.peddinghaus.com/pedditv

www.peddinghaus.com/sfr

Documents

Structural Fabricators Steel Services - Peddi · 1 2 3 Confidence Breeds Success In the last issue of the STEEL FABRICATORS’ REVIEW, I described four reasons why the Structural