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Structural ComponentsWhen you look at buildings, you see many of the
same features We call these STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
They can: add strength AND be aesthetically pleasing
Beams – Strengthening StructuresBeams – A flat structure that is supported at each end; if too much weight is put on a beam, it will bend or even break in the middle
How to Strengthen Beams: Change the material (wood, stone, concrete, steel etc)Change its form (the type of beam)Add Corrugation (folding the beam)Add rebar (steel reinforcing rods)
I Beams – Changing the FormI-Beam – its shape gives it strength.
- They have less weight than solid beams of the same length- Because they have less of their own weight to support, they
can support larger loads- Often used in building construction; structural support in
ceilings and floors- Sometimes called I-joists
Corrugation (Think Folding)When a sheet of metal or cardboard is shaped
into a series of pleats, or triangles it is called corrugated metal or corrugated cardboard
Stronger than a flat sheet of material
Rebar – Strengthen Beams
Rebar – Steel reinforcing rods- Beams experience tension on top and tension on the
bottom- Concrete can withstand a great deal of compression but is
weak when it comes to tension. Rebar helps resist tensile forces
Concrete that contains rebar is called “reinforced concrete”- Made with ridges to ensure it grips the concrete- Rust resistant; Embedded in the concrete- Concrete and steel are used together because they contract
and expand in regards to temperature in similar ways
The CantileverA beam that is only supported at one end
When weight is placed on the other end of the beam, the beam bends in an n-shape to resist the load
Cantilever Bridgescantilever bridges normally use pairs of cantilevers back to back with a short beam bridge in between the cantilevers.
Modern motorways have cantilever bridges stretching across them, they have a cantilever coming out from each side and a beam bridge in between them.
Supporting the Beam Tie, Strut, Gusset
Tie – a structural support that is part of the framework and designed to resist TENSION
Strut – similar to a tie, but is placed below a beam where it provides resistance to the forces of compression
(unlike columns, struts do not have to be vertical)
Gusset – a flat, plate like device, often triangular that often supports a beam by reinforcing the connection between the beam and the support base
Response Questions
1.) Briefly describe how a beam can be strengthened. What types of considerations would you need to think about?
(hint – consider form and function)
2.) How is a Cantilever different from a fully supported beam? List some everyday examples of where we would see cantilevers ( at least three).
3.) As you are out and about in Kingston, try to spot uses of ties, struts, gussets. Record the location of some of these examples/the type of structure that is supported