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Stress
Questions
• What Causes Stress?• What are the Effects of Stress?• How Can We Cope with Stress?
What Causes Stress?• Frustration• Conflict• Change• Pressure
What Causes Stress?
• chronic stressors• major life events
What Are The Effects of Stress?• General Adaptation Syndrome– Alarm– Resistance– Exhaustion
What Are The Effects of Stress? Immediate Effects• fight or flight response, high arousal level• impaired attention• impaired memory• impaired decision-making
What Are The Effects of Stress? Long-Term Effects• impaired immune function• damage to organs• aggression• learned helplessness
How Can We Cope With Stress?
• Appraisal as challenge vs. threat• Problem-focused coping• Optimism vs. catastrophic thinking
Misconception Alert!
• It is possible for people to change their level of optimism.
How Can We Cope With Stress?
• Health habits• Conscientiousness• Social support