COSTS OF STRESS 80% of all modern diseases have their origins in stress.Leaves almost half of all adults with health problemsCauses between 60 and 80 percent of industrial accidentsCosts in absenteeism to British industry is estimated at 1.5 billion pounds per year. Reduces national economy by billion.

Why Learn to Manage Stress? By learning to manage stress, we can learn to manage our responses to stress which will result in the following:Physical HealthMental HealthHealthy Relationships With Others

WHAT IS STRESS ?

Stress is the wear and tear our minds and bodies experience as we attempt to cope with our continually changing environmentStress is the physiological and behavioral response of an individual seeking to adopt and adjust to both internal and external pressures.

WHAT IS STRESS ? Stress is the reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed upon them. It arises when they worry that they cant cope.

Two Types of StressesEustress Positive Stress

Distress -- Negative Stress

EUSTRESS Eustress or positive stress occurs when your level of stress is high enough to motivate you to move into action to get things accomplished.

Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance

DISTRESS Distress or negative stress occurs when your level of stress is either too high or too low and your body and/or mind begin to respond negatively to the stressors.

What is Stressor?The stimuli, threat, event or change are commonly called stressors. Stressors can be internal (thoughts, beliefs, attitudes or external (loss, tragedy, change).Stressors Are The Causes of Stress

TYPES OF STRESSORS- Causing StressExternalPhysical EnvironmentSocial InteractionOrganisationalMajor Life EventsDaily HasslesInternalLifestyle choicesNegative self - talkMind trapsPersonality traitsOrganizational Stressors

Internal Stressors -LIFESTYLE CHOICESCaffeineLack of sleepOverloaded schedule

Internal Stressors -NEGATIVE SELF - TALKPessimistic thinkingSelf criticismOver analysing

Internal Stressors -MIND TRAPSUnrealistic expectationsTaking things personallyAll or nothing thinkingExaggerationRigid thinking

Internal Stressors -PERSONALITY TRAITSPerfectionistsWorkaholics

EXTERNAL STRESSORS - PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTNoiseBright LightsHeatConfined Spaces

EXTERNAL STRESSORS -SOCIAL INTERACTIONRudenessBossinessAggressiveness by othersBullying

EXTERNAL STRESSORS -Organizational StressorsRulesRegulationsRed - TapeDeadlines

Organizational StressorsPhysical Environment LightNoiseTemperaturePolluted airOver crowded Work place

Organizational StressorsIndividual Work overload/Underload ResponsibilityWorking ConditionsTask DemandJob Future AmbiguityAutonomyFrequent Disagreements

Organizational StressorsGroup Poor relations with Peers, Subordinates , Boss etc.Organizational Poor Structural DesignPoliticsNo specific policiesOrganizational leadershipOrganizational Life Stage

Organizational StressorsJob Related StressWork Loadovercrowdinglack of supportlack of on the job trainingAudit Team :-)

Role StressSelf-role DistanceIntra-role conflictInter-role conflictRole stagnation Role AmbiguityRole expectation conflictRole overloadRole erosion

EXTERNAL STRESSORS -MAJOR LIFE EVENTSBirthDeathLost jobPromotionMarital status change

EXTERNAL STRESSORS - DAILY HASSLESCommutingMisplaced keysMechanical breakdowns

Other stressors - Individual DifferencesType A/B PersonalitySocial SupportAge SexOccupationCognitive reactions

Stimulus EventPrimary Appraisal The situation is perceived as harmless the situation is perceived as threatening No stress Second Appraisal The individual determines The coping resources that are available & the Likelihood that they can be employed. Coping Mechanism No stress Coping mechanism inadequate Stress

Indicators of StressToo Busy or Too Bored (Hyper activity or Under activity)Frustration / AggressionHigh Depression , Dissatisfaction and detachmentAlways complainingForgetfulness Not able to concentrateFear, anxiety and obsessionsDrugs

SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

Physical symptomsMental symptomsBehavioural symptomsEmotional symptoms

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMSDizzinessFaintingSweating & tremblingTingling hands & feetPalpitationsMissed heartbeatsPerspiration /sweaty hands, Increased heart beat. Muscular Problems

Trembling, Nervous ticks. , Dryness of throat and mouth. Tiring easily. Urinating frequently.Butterflies in stomach. Pain in the neck and or lower back. Loss of appetite or overeating.

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMSSleep pattern changesFatigueDigestion changesHeadachesAches and painsInfectionsHeart Disease

High CholesterolAsthma, BreathlessnessTendency to get cold and flue

MENTAL SYMPTOMSLack of concentrationMemory lapsesDifficulty in making decisionsConfusionDisorientationPanic attacks

BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMSAppetite changes - anorexia, bulimiaIncreased intake of alcohol & drugsIncreased smokingRestlessness , AggressivenessNail biting, Hair PullingStuttering and other speech difficulties. (Rapid/Slow)

BEHAVIOURAL SYMPTOMSProcastinationDecreased Productivity, Being accident prone. Absent-Mindedness, forgetfulnessSleep disturbance Decreased ability to concentrate Crying for no apparent reason, Laughing in a high pitch and nervous tone of voice.

EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMSBouts of depressionImpatienceFits of rageTearfulnessDeterioration of personal hygiene and appearance

Symptoms Of Stress- Feelings Feeling anxious. Feeling scared. Feeling irritable. Feeling moody DepressionObsessionsDifficulty Making Simple Decisions

Signs of Job StressResist going to workTired whole dayWatch the clockLoss of concentrationNot open to changeExcessive absenteeism Complaining all the timeJob Dissatisfaction

Managers Who Experience Stress...selectively perceive informationfixate on a single approach to a problemoverestimate how fast time passesadopt a crisis mentalityconsult and listen to others lessrely on old habitsare less able to generate creative thoughts

3 Basic Stages of Stress ARE:

ALARM RESISTANCE EXHAUSTION

ALARM

The bodys initial physical reaction for fight or flight.

EXAMPLESCardiac - increased heart rateRespiratory - increased respirationSkin - decreased temperatureHormonal - increased stimulation of adrenal genes which produce an adrenal rush.

RESISTANCE

The body tries to cope and adapt to the continued stress and begins the process of repairing any damage caused by the stress. If the stress can be overcome the body repairs the damage and the physical signs disappear.

Resistance to stress is increased each time its dealt with leaving us stronger than before.

EXAMPLESBehavior indicators include: lack of enthusiasm for family, school, work or life in general, withdrawal, change in eating habits, insomnia, hypersomnia, anger, fatigue.

Cognitive Indicators include: poor problem solving, confusion, nightmares, hyper-vigilance.

RESISTANCE STAGE MORE EXAMPLES Emotional indicators include: tearfulness fear anxiety panic guilt agitation depression overwhelmed.

EXHAUSTION

If there is no relief from the stress, the body and mind cannot repair the damage.This can result in emotional, mental, and physical problems.

EXAMPLES Digestive disorders, withdrawal, headaches, tension, insomnia, loss of temper.

MIND OVERMANAGEMENT

Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it.Begin with educating yourself.

Remember: Knowledge is power!The ability to control a matter lies in understanding it.

Stress is not in our environment

it is what we perceive in our mind and body.

********************