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STRESS and TRAUMAThe role of yoga, meditation, mindfulness in the healing process.
“Nature has instilled in all animals, including humans, a nervous system capable of restoring equilibrium. When
self-regulating function is blocked or disturbed, trauma
symptoms develop...”Peter Levine
(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)
(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)
Common feature shared by all ptsd syndromes
Fatigue, fainting
Shortness of breath,
Palpitations,
Headache, dizziness,
Excessive sweating,
Disturbed sleep,
Difficulty in concentration
Forgetfulness
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Stress Hormone Systems
•Norepinephrine – “revving up” hormone
•Cortisol – “quieting down” hormone
•Both hormones are released in response to stress. They are normally in balance.
(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)
Structural changes
Lower average volume in the hippocampal region
Structural changes in the amygdale
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HPA Axis Alterations
PTSD Major Depression
Cortisol levels Low High
Glucocorticoid receptors Increased Decreased
Dexamethasone Hypersuppression Nonsuppression
Negative feedback Stronger Weaker
CSF CRF levels Increased Increased
Avoidance is one of the main symptoms of PTSD, and it can take years to seek help.
TREATMENT
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Treatment Components
Coping skillsMedicationPsychotherapyAlternative therapies
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Alternative therapies
Art therapy
Somatic therapies/bodywork
Acupuncture
Yoga
Tai Chi
Religious/spiritual practices
Virtual reality