Mode of transmission

Through contact with the ocular or respiratory secretions of aninfected individual, via the hands,objects (towels, washcloths,makeup) or pool water.

Through contact with dropletsfrom the nose or throat of aninfected individual.

Through contact with hands orobjects (toys, changing table, etc.)contaminated with the stools of aninfected individual. Through ingestionof contaminated foods.

Risk of transmission greater if diarrhea occurs among children using diapers.

Through inhalation of contaminatedrespiratory secretions.

Through contact with objects or hands contaminated with secretions.

From mother to child during pregnancy.

Through contact with skin lesionsor droplets from the nose andthroat of infected individuals orthose carrying the microbe.

Through contact with contaminatedobjects.

Through contact with dropletsfrom the nose and throat of aninfected individual.

Through contact with contaminatedobjects

Through contact with hands ortoys contaminated with an infectedindividual’s stools.

Otitis is often a complication of acold, which is what is transmittedfrom one child to the next.

Primarily through head-to-headcontact with an infected individual.

More rarely, through contact withan infected individual’s personaleffects (brush, comb, hat, etc.).

Most often through contact withdroplets from the nose and throatof infected individuals or thosecarrying the microbe.

Through contact with throat secretions or stools of an infectedindividual (whether symptomaticor not), or through inhalation ofcontaminated droplets.

Through contact with dropletsfrom the nose and throat of aninfected individual.

Through contact with objects orhands freshly contaminated withsecretions.

Through contact with blisters orthrough inhalation of dropletsfrom the nose and throat of infected individuals.

Symptoms Redness, swollen eyelids, sensitivity to light, purulent discharge, eyelids crusted in themorning, impression of foreignmatter in eye.

Nasal discharge, weeping eyes,coughing fits, often followed byvomiting.

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,diarrhea, fever.

Rash starting on the face (very redcheeks) and spreading to the torsoand limbs .The rash is aggravatedby sunlight and heat as well asphysical exercise. Asymptomaticin 25% of cases.

Infection during pregnancy canhave harmful effects on the foetus.

Purulent and crusted skin lesions,especially on the face (nose,mouth, chin) and behind the ears.The lesions may also spread to thetorso, hands and buttocks ofyoung children. Generally healwithout scarring.

High fever, chills, headaches, muscular pain, fatigue, exhaustion, coughing.

Sudden onset with fever,headaches and stiff neck.

Possibility of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and skin (rash)symptoms.

Fever, pain (the child will keep onehand on the affected ear), prolonged crying without obviousreasons, irritability in nursinginfants, diminished appetite.

Itching, scratches or secondaryinfections due to scalp infestation.

Pharyngitis, tonsillitis: high fever,sore throat, nausea and vomiting,swollen lymph glands on the neck.

Scarlet fever: besides the abovesymptoms, raspberry tongue andrash on the neck, chest, crook ofelbows, knees and groin, followedby scaling (peeling skin).

Fever and redness in the form ofblisters around the mouth and onthe hands and feet.

Nasal discharge, weeping eyes,sore throat, coughing, mild fever.

Mild fever, generalized rashaccompanied by itching.

The rash evolves over time: redness, blisters, crust.

Treatment Ophthalmic antibiotic ointment or drops.

Antibiotics to reduce the period of infectiousness. Rest. Have the patient drink smallquantities frequently.

Have the patient drink small quantities of oral hydration solution frequently.(e.g., PedyaliteMD, GastrolyteMD)

Refer to the physician if presenceof blood in the stool, or if diarrheais accompanied by frequent vomiting, a deteriorated generalcondition or high fever.

Anti-diarrhea medication is contraindicated.

No specific treatment. Rest Oral or local (ointment) antibiotic

If possible, cover the lesions witha bandage.

Clean the skin with soapy waterand dry well.

Ensure the child’s nails are shortand that he or she does notscratch.

Rest, acetaminophen as needed.

Have the patient drink more liquids. If the patient has a chronicdisease or is immunosuppressed,specific treatment may be appliedto avoid complications.

None. Oral antibiotics often necessary

Acetaminophen in case of fever or pain.

Local treatment: apply anti-licecream or shampoo twice with 7 days between applications.

If live lice are observed 48 hoursafter first application of the product, the recommendation is torepeat treatment immediately withanother product and to follow withanother application 7 days later.

Preventive treatment for non-infested individuals is not recommended.

Oral antibiotics.

Acetaminophen as needed. Rest, have the patient drink moreliquids, give soft, cold foods.

No specific treatment. No specific treatment.

Rest, have the patient drink moreliquids.

Acetaminophen in case of fever.

Keep the skin clean by giving abath or shower twice a day withwater and soap.

To avoid scarring, do not scratch.

Keep nails short.

Prevention andcontrol measures

Intensify hygiene measures.

Clean eye secretions with a compress, cotton or paper tissue,going from the inside of the eyetoward the outside.

Use a separate tissue for each eyeand for each child, discardingused tissues immediately in aclosed wastebasket.

Wash the child’s hands. Washhands before and after applicationof treatment and after any contactwith contaminated secretions.

No swimming in case of discharge from eyes.

In the event of 3 or more cases, or2 cases in the same group, notifythe health centre and inform theparents according to the healthcentre’s advice.

Check with the parents that the diagnosis was made by aphysician.

Notify the health centre, or PublicHealth, and inform the parentsaccording to the health centre’sadvice. Check with the health centre for the procedures to followfor individuals in contact. Monitorthe appearance of symptomsamong individuals in contact andrefer them to the physician if necessary.

Adopt proper technique for handwashing and changing diapers. Use of alcohol-based gelis recommended. Use only paperdiapers. Do not allow those whoprepare and serve meals tochange diapers. Daily wash anddisinfect items (toys, toilets,changing table, etc.). Check thepossibility of food poisoning. Inthe event of several cases of diarrhea in the same group, informthe health centre, or Public Health,and check the procedure to follow.Inform the parents according tothe health centre’s advice. Monitorthe appearance of symptomsamong individuals in contact andrefer them to the physician if necessary.

Reinforce hygiene measures,especially handwashing.

Check with the parents that the diagnosis was made by aphysician. Notify the health centreand inform the parents accordingto the health centre’s advice. Referthe following to their physician:pregnant women, individuals withhemolytic anemia and those whoare Immunosuppressed.

Reinforce hygiene measures,especially handwashing. Checkwith the parents that the diagnosiswas made by a physician. Notifythe health centre in the event of 2or more cases and inform the parents according to the healthcentre’s advice. If there are two ormore cases at the day-care,administering oral treatment alongwith topical treatment will helpcontrol the outbreak by reducingthe contagious period. Monitor theappearance of symptoms amongindividuals in contact and referthem to the physician if necessary.

Reinforce hygiene measures,especially handwashing. Teach thechild to blow his or her nose, use a paper tissue and discard the tissue immediately in the wastebasket.

Teach the child to cover his or hernose and mouth by using thecrook of the elbow when coughingor sneezing. Properly ventilate andhumidify rooms. Check with theparents that the diagnosis wasmade by a physician. Notify thehealth centre and inform the parents according to the healthcentre’s advice. Annually vaccinateindividuals at risk, including children aged 6 to 24 months, aswell as day-care personnel whocare for children under 2 years.

Reinforce hygiene measures;especially handwashing and disinfection of toys and surfaceProperly ventilate the premises.Check with the parents that thediagnosis was made by a physician.Notify the health centre and informthe parents according to the healthcentre’s advice.

Reinforce hygiene measures,especially handwashing. Teach thechild to blow his or her nose, usea paper tissue and discard the tissue immediately in the wastebasket. Teach the child tocover his or her nose and mouthby using the crook of the elbowwhen coughing or sneezing. Neverput a child to bed with a bottle, asdoing so increases the risk of otitis.

Do not share personal items (hairbrushes, combs, hats, pillowcases). Do not share personal items (hairbrushes,combs, hats, pillowcases). Notifythe health centre.

Send a letter to all parents.

Check with the parents that the diagnosis was made by aphysician. Notify the health centreand inform the parents accordingto the health centre’s advice. Ifsymptoms appear among individuals in contact, refer themto the physician.

Reinforce hygiene measures, particularly handwashing and diaper-changing technique.

Disinfect surfaces and toys.

Ventilate rooms adequately.

Reinforce hygiene measures,especially handwashing and disinfection of toys. Teach thechild to blow his or her nose, usea paper tissue and discard the tissue immediately in the wastebasket. Teach the child tocover his or her nose and mouthby using the crook of the elbowwhen coughing or sneezing.Properly ventilate and humidify rooms.

The chickenpox vaccine may beadministered within 5 days aftercontact with an individual withchickenpox. Notify the health centre. Send a letter to the parents. Refer the following to thephysician: Immunosuppressedindividuals and pregnant womenwho have never had the disease.

Exclusion No exclusion, except in the case ofan epidemic. In case of fever orextensive symptoms in the eye,refer the child to the physician andreadmit him or her according tothe physician’s recommendation.

Exclude the child until the end ofthe period of infectiousness.

The exclusion of affected childrenis often necessary. Normally, children may be read-mitted once the diarrhea stops.

Do not exclude the child if his orher state of health permits him or her to participate in groupactivities.

Exclude the child for at least 24hours after the start of treatment.Without treatment, exclusion untilthe lesions disappear.

Do not exclude the child if his orher state of health permits him or her to participate in groupactivities.

The child may return to the day-care once his or her state ofhealth permits him or her to participate in group activities.

Exclude the child who has discharge in the ear, whether treated or not.

Exclude the child from the day-care until the first applicationof treatment.

Exclude the child up to 24 hoursafter the start of treatment anduntil his or her state permits participation in group activities.

Do not exclude the child if his orher state of health permits him or her to participate in groupactivities.

Do not exclude the child if his orher state of health permits him or her to participate in groupactivities.

Do not exclude the child if his orher state of health permits him or her to participate in groupactivities.

Definition Eye infection caused by a virus orbacterium

Highly contagious bacterial disease. May be very seriousamong nursing infants.

Intestinal affliction that may becaused by various infectiousagents. Runny and frequent stoolsin at least 2 children of the samegroup in less than 48 hours.

Benign viral disease characterizedby a rash. More frequent amongchildren over 5 years. Occursespecially in winter and spring.

Bacterial skin infection caused byStreptococcus A orStaphylococcus aureus.

Acute and highly contagious viralinfection caused by the influenzavirus.

Inflammation of the lining of thebrain caused by various types ofviruses. Especially frequent insummer and fall.

Middle-ear inflammation causedby bacteria or viruses. More frequent in winter and spring.

Parasitic infestation of the scalp.Epidemics of pediculosis are frequent in day-cares.

Throat or tonsil infection causedby Streptococcus A. If the infectionis accompanied by a rash, it ismost likely scarlet fever.

Infection caused by viruses of theCoxsackie group. More frequent insummer and fall.

Acute viral infection of the upperrespiratory tract caused by severaltypes of viruses.

Frequent and highly contagiousviral disease occurring most oftenat the end of winter and early inthe spring.

Incubation period Variable. Generally between 12 and 72 hours.

From 7 to 10 days, rarely more than 14.

Variable. From a few hours to afew days.

Generally from 4 to 14 days, but may be as long as 20 days.

From 1 to 10 days. From 1 to 3 days. From 3 to 6 days. Not applicable. Approximately 10 days. From 1 to 5 days. From 3 to 5 days. From 12 to 72 hours. From 10 to 21 days. Most oftenfrom 14 to 16 days.

Period of infectiousness

Viral infection: from 1 to 2 weeks.Bacterial infection: especially during discharge period.Infectiousness is greatly reducedwith treatment.

If treated: up to 5 days after thestart of treatment. If not treated:up to 3 weeks after the onset ofcoughing fits.

As long as the microbe persists inthe stools, but especially duringthe period of runny stools.

Up to 7 days before the appearanceof the rash. Ends when the rashappears.

Rarely more than 24 to 48 hoursafter the start of oral administrationof antibiotics.

Until the lesions are dry, if localtreatment is applied (ointment).

24 hours before the onset ofsymptoms and up to 5 to 7 days after.

Corresponds to the period whenthe virus is excreted in the stools,or several weeks.

However, meningitis occurs very rarely among individuals in contact.

Otitis is not contagious. Until the destruction, througheffective treatment, of viable eggs(nits) and live lice in the hair andpersonal effects.

Up to 24 hours after the start ofantibiotic treatment.

If not treated, from 10 to 21 days.

Maximal during the disease’sacute phase.

From 24 hours before the onset ofsymptoms up to 5 days after.

From 1 to 2 days before theappearance of the rash and up to5 days after, or until the lesionsform a crust.

Duration of the disease

Variable, depending on themicrobe in question.

From 1 to 2 months. An infectionof the upper respiratory tract during the year that follows maycause symptoms similar to thoseof whooping cough.

Variable, depending on themicrobe in question.

Up to 3 weeks or longer. Rarely more than 7 days with adequate treatment.

From 2 to 7 days. Rarely more than 10 days. Variable. As long as effective treatment hasnot been applied.

Rarely more than 7 days. Generally less than 10 days From 2 to 10 days. From 7 to 10 days.

Symbols

DiseasesInfectious

conjunctivitis Whooping coughEpidemic diarrhea

Erythema infectiosum,

or fifth disease Impetigo Influenza Viral meningitis Otitis media Pediculosis (lice)

Streptococcal pharyngitis and

tonsillitis and scarlet fever

Hand, foot andmouth disease Cold Chicken pox

Reportable disease (MADO) Urgent intervention Highly infectious disease Report case to health centre Exclude from day-careLegend

june 2008

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Nlâ4fÖ5

Legend €8ix5 gn3bstbsymJ5 (MADO) swmJu4 vmQ/sQxo4 É5g©bs5nstQA8Ng6 €8ix6 €8ix[7j5 scDtQlA ckwAto4 ÑE5y[ox3tÖolA

june 2008