Strengthening of CCRI Project

8/3/2019 Strengthening of CCRI Project

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GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTANPLANNING COMMISSION

PC-1 FORM(PRODUCTION SECTORS)

1. Name of the Project

UPGRADATION OF CENTRAL COTTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MULTANAS INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE

2. Location

Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan Pakistan

3. Authorities responsible for:

* Sponsoring Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock (MINFAL)* Execution This project will be run by MINFAL in collaboration with

Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan.* Operation &

maintenanceCentral Cotton Research Institute, Multan.

* Concerned federalministry

Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock (MINFAL)

4. (a) Plan Provision

(i) If the project is included in the medium term/five year plan, specify actualallocation

Not applicable

(ii) If not included in the current plan, what warrants its inclusion and how is itnow proposed to be accommodated.

The project is in line with overall objectives of agriculture sector for farmproductivity ensuring sustainable food and fibre security and economicuplift of farmers and improving economy of the country as a whole. Theupgradation of Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan as anInternational Institute is a stepping stone to achieve this target.

(iii) If the project is proposed to be financed out of block provision, indicate:

Total blockprovision

Amount alreadycommitted

Amount proposedfor this project

Balanceavailable

Rs. 363.58 million Rs. 30.00 million Rs. 363.58 million

b) Provision in the current year PSDP/ADP (2006-07) Rs. 30.00 million

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5. Project objectives and its relationship with sector objectives:

Cotton crop occupies a unique position in the agrarian economy of Pakistan. Itaccounts for 8.2% of the value added in agriculture and about 2% to GDP. It isrealized that an increment of one million bales in cotton production in turntranslates into half a percent increase in GDP. As such, this cash crop is believed

to be the life line of the national economy. In 2004-05, the gross export receiptswere estimated at $ 14.41 billion, of which cotton and textiles accounted for $8.68 billion or 60 percent. As a matter of fact, cotton has invariably beenimportant for economic growth and development in the country. In 1947-48, whenPakistan appeared on the world map, the country was producing merely 1.1million bales of cotton and only two textile mills were in existence. Soon after theindependence, the process of development of the textile industry had started andin the year 1948 one more textile mill was setup. The number of cotton balesand the textile mills thus kept on increasing in the following years. Over theyears, there has been visible improvement in cotton production and the country isnow producing long staple cotton of 1-1/8 and even longer, whereas in the earlyyears the bulk production was of 1 staple or less. The area under cotton has

also increased considerably to over 3 million hectares. The increase in cottonproduction has also been instrumental in expanding the textile industry.Progress made in cotton sector over the past 57 years may be seen in Table-1.

Table 1 : Cotton and Textile Sector Growth in Pakistan

1947-48 2004-05

Area (ml. ha) 1.23 3.2Production (ml. bales) 1.1 14.6Yield (kgs/ha) 160 769Ginneries 31 1200Textile Mills 2 458

Mill Consumption (ml. bales) 0.04 12.4Yarn Production (ml. kgs) 6.2 1939*Cloth Production (ml. sq. mtr) 29.5 683*

* Figures relate to 2003-04

In the global perspective, Pakistan is one of the largest cotton producing andconsuming countries in the world. Its placement in the global cotton scene canwell be visualized (Table-2).

Table 2 : Pakistans Place in World Cotton and Textiles

Percent Rank

Production 9.5 4thConsumption 10.0 3rd

Yarn Production 9.0 3rd

Yarn Export 26.0 2nd

Cloth Production 7.0 3rd

Cloth Export 14.0 3rd

Source: International Cotton Advisory Committee, Washington D.C., USA.

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In the context of Muslim world, 29 countries produce cotton. Among these,Pakistan is the single largest country accounting for 32 percent of the collectivecotton acreage, 30 percent of the production and 41 percent of the consumption.

An all time record cotton crop of 14.6 million bales achieved in 2004-05 is thusanother landmark. There is, however, still much scope for enhancing the cotton

production to meet the future needs of the domestic textile sector as well as theinternational market. The government is, therefore, determined to accelerate thecotton research and development process necessarily required for a quantum

jump in cotton production as well as the qualitative improvement matching thespinners requirements. At the same time, it also intends to facilitate all thestakeholders, particularly the growing community through a package of fiscal,technological, administrative and legislative measures.

COTTON PRODUCTION PATTERN

In line with the growing demand for cotton by the domestic textile industry,concerted efforts are being made to enhance the volume of cotton production in

the country through research, development and policy decisions. These effortsled to a record production of 12.8 million bales in 1991-92. The situationthereafter, however, changed as cotton crop was affected by cotton leaf curlvirus. This placed the forward moving cotton production in reverse gear. Thedisease remained a mystery for a number of years. Eventually, the scientists ofCentral Cotton Research Institute, Multan came up with a varieties and culturalmanagement solution, which saved the country from any drastic decline inproduction. The production in the subsequent years remained 10 million baleson average till it bounced to 14.6 million bales in 2004-05. The cotton area,production and yield trend during the last decade ending 2004-05 was registered(Table-3).

Table 3 : Cotton Area, Production and Yield in Pakistan

Season Area Production Yield(Million hectares) (Million bales) (Kgs/ha)

1994-95 2.653 8.697 5581995-96 2.997 10.595 6011996-97 3.149 9.374 5061997-98 2.960 9.184 5281998-99 2.923 8.790 5121999-00 2.983 11.240 6412000-01 2.927 10.732 6242001-02 3.115 10.612 579

2002-03 2.794 10.211 6222003-04 2.989 10.048 5722004-05 3.229 14.600 769

Source: Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Islamabad.

Data in Table-3 indicate an average annual growth of 6.6 % in cotton productionas the result of 2.2% and 4.2% growth in cotton area sown and the hectare yield,respectively.

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i) The Yield Factor

Despite an improvement in the size of cotton crop, the current hectare yield ofcotton in Pakistan is, however, still below the levels being obtained in a numberof countries in the world (Table-4).

Table 4 : Hectare Yield of Cotton in Selected Countries

Country Lint Yield (Kg ha-1)Australia 1,982

Syria 1,571Mexico 1,312Turkey 1,289Spain 1,218China 1,119USA 958

Pakistan 769World Average 733

Source: International Cotton Advisory Committee, Washington D.C., USA.

The lower hectare yield in the country may be attributed to the ravages of cottonleaf curl virus in the absence of resistant varieties as well as the improper cropand pest management practices still being followed by a large number of farmerscultivating on small and uneconomic holdings (Table-5).

Table 5 : Farm Size Structure in Pakistan

Farm Size (ha) Percent of Farms Percent of AreaUnder 2.0 47 122.0 to under 5.0 34 27

5.0 to under 10.0 12 2210.0 and above 7 39

Total number of farms = 5.071 million.Total farm area = 19.252 Ml. ha.Average farm size = 3.8 ha.

The prime reason for lower national average yield of cotton in Pakistan is the bigdifference between the hectare yields being realized by the medium / large sizedfarms and the small growers who are in bulk and lack capacity to adopt or havenot yet been transferred the scientific crop and pest management technology. Inthe context of raising the yield, the varietal potential and the agro-climatic

conditions are the determining factors and, therefore, the yield levels can beenhanced to a certain extent. As for example, in spite of all the wealth ofknowledge and no limitations of resources, the hectare yield of cotton in USA sofar could not be enhanced parallel to Australia and Israel. May be, Australia andIsrael have too high yields and too far away, but the US yield is not equivalenteven to that of Mexico, which is the next door neighbor. This is however an un-denying fact that the potential yield of the cotton varieties in vogue in Pakistanare yet to be realized and, therefore, there is much scope for vertical expansion

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in cotton production in the country. The national average yield may be improvedsignificantly by reducing the gap between the yield being realized by the lowyielding and high yielding growers.

ii) The CLCV Factor

Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) is a major problem particularly in the Punjab. Leafcurl, a viral disease of cotton, was first noticed in Pakistan in traces in 1967, butwas not considered to be significant problem till 1988 when its occurrence wasobserved on about 200 hectares in the Punjab. In later years the diseaseincidence expanded considerably thereby eliminating the chances of repeatingthe 1991-92 production level of 12.8 million bales despite an increase in area till2004-05 when the production bounced back to a record level of 14.6 millionbales. As a matter of fact, by evolving CLCV resistant varieties and managementstrategy by the PCCCs Research Institutes, the countrys cotton production wassustained at an average of 10 million bales. In 2001, the CLCV symptoms wereagain observed on CLCV resistant varieties in tehsil Burewala of Vehari district.After experimentation and investigation, it was detected that this was a newstrain of CLCV and was named as Burewala Strain of Cotton Virus (BSCV).Cotton scientists are, however, conducting research to evolve new resistantvarieties against the BSCV at the Central Cotton Research Institute of thePakistan Central Cotton Committee at Multan.

iii) Role of Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan in cotton researchand development

While the CLCV management strategy has been developed and is updated everyyear for the guidance of the growers, the researchers of CCRI, Multan have alsosuccessfully evolved the early maturing varieties which enable the growers toharvest more yield by escaping the high pest pressure. Moreover, these earlymaturing varieties are also vacating the fields earlier which allow the growers to

sow the wheat in time and result in better production of wheat crop. The fibrecharacteristics of the present commercial varieties are given in Table-6.

Table 6 Fibre characteristics of varieties developed at CCRI, MultanSr.No.

Variety Year of Release

G.O.T.(%)

Staple length(inch)

Micronaire(g/inch)

Fibre Strength(TPPSI*)

1. CIM-70 1986 31.5 29.0 4.2 92.52. CIM-109 1990 35.1 27.2 4.4 92.03. CIM-240 1992 36.5 27.5 4.7 93.74. CIM-1100 1996 38.0 29.0 3.9 94.05. CIM-448 1996 38.0 28.5 4.5 93.86. CIM-443 1998 36.7 27.6 4.9 96.07. CIM-446 1998 36.2 27.0 4.7 97.4

8. CIM-482 2000 39.2 28.5 4.5 98.09. CIM-473** 2002 39.7 29.6 4.3 95.210. CIM-499** 2003 40.2 29.6 4.4 97.311. CIM-707** 2004 38.1 32.2 4.2 97.512. CIM-506** 2004 38.5 28.7 4.5 98.913. CIM-496** 2005 41.1 29.7 4.6 93..5

* TPPSI = Thousand pounds per square inches** Covering more than 70% area in Punjab and 60% in Upper Sindh

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The present cultivated varieties thus contain all the fibre characteristics requiredby the textile industry and the domestic cotton production meets almost 99percent of its requirement in terms of volume. Extra long staple cotton whichis only one percent of the total requirement of the industry is imported as it isproduced locally only in marginal quantity. Cotton scientists are howeverconducting research to evolve even extra long staple cotton. CCRI Multan

scientists developed varieties of 32 mm staple length (CIM-707) which is a bigbreak through. Efforts are in progress to develop extra long staple cotton. Themajor constraint in the evolution of extra long staple cotton variety is too harshtemperatures.

6. Description, justification, technical parameters and technology transferaspects (enclose feasibility study for projects costing Rs. 300 million andabove):

Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan was established at Multan in 1970. It ismultidisciplinary institute. The fundamental and applied research on cotton byvarious disciplines viz; Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding & Genetics, Agronomy,

Physiology/Chemistry, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Fibre Technology, Statisticsand Transfer of Technology is being conducted. Each section is headed by aSenior Scientist, who has received training abroad in the respective discipline.Most of the staff in the institute has an experience of more than 30 years in theirrespective fields. The institute has 38 research scientists and well-equippedlaboratories of international repute. There are many new avenues in the field ofcotton research and development which are to be explored. For this purpose,more sophisticated equipments are required to strengthen CCRI, Multan forconducting research on cotton.

The various research laboratories were equipped with apparatus and otherfacilities to work on the aspects of cotton diseases and its control measures

during late 80s under various projects. Most of these instruments have becomeoutdated due to latest advancement and addition of computerized programmingin various equipments. There is an urgent need to upgrade and purchase ofadvanced equipments to strengthen research laboratories. Moreover, chemicalsand glassware are required to facilitate the research work.

Since establishment, CCRI, Multan has made significant contribution in cottonresearch and development in the country. The varieties developed by theInstitute cover more than 80% cotton cultivated area in the Punjab andmore than 60% area in Upper Sindh in the cotton belt. The cotton varietiesare well adoptable to wide range of climatic conditions and withstand biotic andabiotic stresses for sustainable cotton production. The fibre characters of these

varieties are excellent and fulfil requirements of textile industry. Domestic cottonproduction of these varieties meets 99% requirements of the domestic textileindustry.

Beside the development of varieties, CCRI, Multan also developed packageof technology of these varieties for harvesting yield potential. Scientists ofthe Institute always have close liaison with agriculture extensiondepartment and farmers to get the feed back of the varieties andtechnology developed by the Institute. Researchers always made efforts to

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develop specific type of production technology which easily adoptable by thefarmers. Production technology of varieties is being developed according todifferent climatic zones. Cotton production technology aspects includes soilmanagement, planting technology, weed management, nutrient management,irrigation management, integrated pest management, pesticide applicationtechniques, insect resistance management, disease management, post harvest

crop handling etc.

The Institute has made tremendous improvement in the development of cottonvarieties with better fibre characteristics with high yielding, heat tolerant, droughttolerant, disease and insect tolerant. About 99% of the countrys cottonproduction falls in the medium, medium long and long staple which fulfils therequirement of the domestic industry. There is a breakthrough in the evolutionof higher staple length of commercial varieties (32 mm). The Institute hasalso developed coloured cotton strains of brown, dark brown, light brownand light green colours with better staple length. Research on developmentof transgenic cotton plant for insect resistant is in progress.

Pakistan struck with cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) problem during early 1990s.The production of 2.176 million metric tons (1991-92) was dropped to 1.36 millionmetric tons (1993-94) because of this disease. The scientists of this Institute arethe pioneer in research on cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) disease management.The studies included on transmission, epidemiology, inheritance of resistanceand characterization of viruses. After studies on the inheritance of CLCuV, theInstitute developed CLCuV resistant varieties. Based on research work,management strategy for CLCuV was developed and disseminated to thefarming community to raise cotton production again to 2.482 million metric tonsduring 2004-05.

The Institute also did pioneering research work on insect pest management. The

economic threshold levels and pest scouting system was developed for pestmonitoring and management. Due to better education of farmers in plantprotection and pest scouting, the number of sprays has been reducedconsiderably. Commendable research on insecticide resistance managementand monitoring is in progress. This has resulted in rational use of pesticideapplication to reduce the environmental pollution and health hazards.

Over the past three and a half decades, much advances have been made in thevarious disciplines of research and development. The advent of emergingsciences, especially Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering has paved the waysto solve certain intricate problems related to improvement in genetic resourcescoupled with crop productivity. The Institute has been engaged with keeping

pace with advances in science and technology. However, there is a lot of roomfor improvement in the on-going disciplines/projects for enhancing cotton yield invertical direction. The scientists of the Institute have the capability to transfer thegene from genetically modified plant into commercial cotton varieties.Development of transgenic cotton varieties will result in increasing yield perhectare. This will also reduce the pesticide application with concurrent reductionin input cost incurred on plant protection measure. Cultivation of transgenic cropwill be human, animal and environment friendly. This will result in improvingstandard of living in rural areas.

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Over the past several years, global warming and imbalancing natural ecosystemand urbanization has changed the scenario of insect pests in the cotton growingareas. The sudden appearance of cotton Mealybug during cotton season 2005-06 has set an alarm for any outbreak during 2006-07. Furthermore, concertedefforts are needed to improve spray technique with concurrent selecting right

dose, right time and insect specific insecticides during the growing season. Theplant protection holds the key position in sustaining and increasing cottonproduction.

The intensive cultivation has produced adverse effects on soil health. Theadoption of imbalanced fertilization is the significant factor in lowering cottonyields. The farmers are depending on underground water resources to meetirrigation water shortage. It has been reported that nearly 70% tubewells havemarginal irrigation water, which add substantial quantity of salts in the soils. Theharsh climate prevailing during crop season produces heavy demand on waterresources due to high evaporative transpiration demand. The water stresscauses heavy fruit loss and results in lowering yield. It may be recalled that

climatic conditions are not much conducive for achieving yield potential of cottoncrop in the cotton belt of Pakistan. The minimum temperature is much higher thatcauses heavy fruit drop. The evolution of heat resistant variety to withstand hightemperatures is another potential area for improving the yield.

The low agricultural productivity from scarce land and water resources is mainlydue to inadequate linkages among research, extension and farmers. Existingextension-research systems have been effective in the past, but they may nolonger meet the present and future requirements. The conventional extensionsystem proved less effective as it still relies on conventional methods ofcommunication. Inequitable and slow transfer of improved technologies is theinevitable outcome of such phenomenon. The productivity in agriculture sector

therefore, is much below than its actual potential. There is a wide gap in theresource productivity of improved and conventionally managed private or publicfarms. Effective transfer of new knowledge that flows out from the nationalresearch system is a big challenge ahead. For the purpose, integrating theactivities of agricultural research and extension services has become inevitable.

The project proposal is also based on the assumption to evolve a strategy forregular and quick transfer of technology through electronic and print media basedon the research results/packages of technologies specifically prepared for thefarming community. In an age of modern communication facilities, it is proposedto rethink the appropriateness of the existing extension system. The new systembased on extensive use of electronic and print mass media for knowledge and

technology transfer would resolve the following weaknesses in the presentagricultural extension system:

Inability to reach farmers (physically and communication wise)

Inability to act as facilitator to transfer new skills to farmers to make themself-reliant.

Absence of sustained linkages with knowledge sources. Conflicting and non-site specific extension messages

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Gender barriers:o Lack of female extension workerso Messages and media both are not suitable for rural womeno Heavy dependence on face-to-face communication

The overall objective of the project is to improve the productivity and qualityproduction of cotton by ensuring and effecting continuous induction of newtechnologies based on research and indigenous knowledge through efficienttechnology and skill transfer system.

The foregoing subject demands to strength research activities on cotton crop,which shares 60% in the national economy. To materialize Pakistans CottonVision 2015, production of 20.70 million bales, demands the upgradation ofCentral Cotton Research Institute, Multan is unique cotton research institute inPakistan to the standard of an International Institute to abreast the new advancesmade in science and technology around the world. This objective can beachieved by capacity building of research scientists coupled withstrengthening research facilities.

The research will focus on the current and emerging problems of cotton researchand development. The findings will be disseminated to the farmers for adoptionof improved technology.

STRATEGY FOR FUTURE COTTON RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Pakistan with eight per cent global cotton production stands 4 th largestproducer in the world. About 99 per cent of the countrys cotton production is ofupland cotton. The remaining one per cent production is the short staple i.e. Desicotton. Desi cotton being short fibre and coarse is not used in textiles but in

cottage industry like carpets etc. The production scenario shows an upheavalover the last two decade as illustrated in Fig.1.

The highest production 12.821 million bales was achieved in 1991-92 andit was dropped to 8 million bales in 1993-94 because of many reasons i.e.,abnormal weather, resurgence of pests and particularly of cotton leaf curl virus.The production was again geared up and sustained from 10 million bales to 11million bales by the evolution of CLCV resistant varieties. In 2004-05, the highestproduction (14.6 million bales) was achieved. Keeping in view the productionscenario of the previous years, the projection of cotton production by 2015 isproposed 20 million bales. This is great challenge to the cotton scientist,agriculture extension functionaries and farmers to produce 20 million bales by

2015. This is possible only by continuous research and development programsand sustainability in cotton production.

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Figure-1 Area, Production and Yield of Cotton

1.1

4.8

2.9

12.8

8.0

10.910.2 10.0

14.6

13.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

1214

16

Production(M.

Bales)

1947 1982 1983 1991 1993 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Cotton Researchable Areas

The target set under the Cotton Vision 2015 for production of 20 million bales isonly possible by continuous endeavors in research and by increasing the lint yield perhectare. There is a wide yield gap between the progressive and non progressivegrowers and this gap has to be narrowed to the maximum level. CCRI, Multan will focuson the following cotton research and development areas for achieving the productiontarget:

a) Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV)Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) is continuous major threat in Pakistan. Highest

production 12.8 million bales achieved in 1992-93 dropped to 8.0 million bales in 1993-94 because of CLCV. Cotton research scientists were able to develop CLCV resistantvarieties and production was again geared up and sustained to 10-11 million bales.CCRI, Multan have done a pioneering work in evolution of virus resistant cotton varietieswhich enable the country to sustain cotton production to 10 million bales. Country isagain stuck with the problem of new shape of virus namely Burewala Strain of CottonVirus. In the evolution of CLCV varieties material used was of narrow genetic base andalso susceptible to this new strain of virus. The major focus of the scientists of CCRI,Multan is to develop wider genetic base for evolution of CLCV resistant varieties toachieve proposed production of 20 million bales and to sustain the cotton production. At

present, scientists of CCRI, Multan are working hard for developing CLCV resistantvarieties by transferring resistance from wild species and indigenous desi cotton throughinter-specific hybridization. The CLCV research program needs to be strengthened and itshould continue to face any mutation in virus in future. Under this project, CottonVirologist will be inducted to research on the development of virus resistant varieties andits management strategies. The laboratory and field staff (Field Assistant and LaboratoryAssistants) will be provided to undertake this task.

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b) Breeding for Long Staple CottonAt present, 99% of cotton in Pakistan falls in medium, medium long and long

staple which fulfills the requirement of the domestic industry. CCRI, Multan has madeanother breakthrough in the evolution of higher staple length commercial varieties(CIM-707 with 32.2 mm staple length). The major constraint to develop extra long staple

is the harsh temperature in the cotton area of the country. Breeders are making efforts todevelop extra long cotton varieties.

c) Breeding for Heat Resistant VarietiesPakistan climate is too harsh compared to other cotton producing countries. No

doubt a great break through has been achieved in the evolution of heat tolerant varietieswhich not only give higher yields but are also pick able at early to plant wheat in timeafter cotton and resulted in increase in wheat production. Research on more heattolerant varieties need to be further focused for natural escape from the Heliothis andpink bollworm attack which multiply more after mid-September.

d) Breeding of Drought Tolerant Varieties

Water scarcity is the major issue not only in Pakistan but also in the world. Theresearch on drought resistant/tolerant and low water requirement varieties need to bedeveloped for efficient utilization of irrigation water.

e) Hybrid CottonIncrease in yield and quality is possible through exploitation of hybrid vigor.

Research on development of cotton hybrids is the regular feature of CCRI, Multan.Hybrid so far developed gave 10-15% higher yield over commercial varieties but thisincrease in yield could not compensate the cost of seed production of hybrid cotton.

f) Transgenic CottonTransgenic cotton has been proved not only in controlling the insect pests

particularly of bollworms but also is environmental friendly. Adaptation of Bt cotton willreduce the use of pesticide and ultimately reduction in cost of production and increase inthe profit of the farmers. Intensive research is needed to develop local transgenic cottonplant for commercial cultivation in the country. Biotechnology Institutes in Pakistan areconducting research for genetically modified crops. In collaboration with theseinstitutions, the Bt genes will be transferred to locally commercial varieties.

g) Breeding for Coloured CottonColoured cotton of brown, dark brown, light brown and light green colours will be

developed. Staple length has been improved from 23 to 28 mm, lint from 23% to 36%,fibre strength from 82 to 105 tppsi. Further research for improvement should continue tomeet the future demand, if any.

h) Integrated Nutrient ManagementThe fertility and productivity of the soil is decreasing due to intensive cropping

and use of imbalanced fertilizer. Therefore, more focus in integrated nutrientmanagement on is more macro, micro nutrients through soil and foliar application is veryimportant to improve the fertility and productivity of the soil.

i) Improvement of Soil Health

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Soil health is the major issue not only in cotton production but also in other cropsproduction. The productivity of the cultivated area is deteriorating by salinity, alkalinity,water logging and due to less organic matter in the soil than the required level.Measures available so far have to be adopted to arrest further deterioration of the soilproductivity. Intensive research studies are required for improving soil health.

j) Constraints to obtain recommended plant population for optimum yieldPlant population to harvest a good yield recommended by the researchers is

23000 plants per acre (row to row distance 2.5 feet and plant to plant distance 9 inches)but at present the plant population is 16000 plants per acre (row to row distance 2.5 feetand plant to plant distance 12 inches). Farmers are to be educated to maintain therecommended level of plant population. This is the most easiest, economical andpracticable remedy to increase the yield per unit area. Efficient use of farm machineryand adaptation of cultivation on bed-furrow technology will assist in achieving thedesired plant population. Research to be conducted to ascertain the constraints, whichrestrict the farmer to obtain recommended plant population. Central Cotton ResearchInstitute, Multan is pioneer in innovation of this technology for cotton cultivation.Adoption of this technology results in 30% water saving.

k) Weed ManagementWeeds are not only the one of major causes of loss in yield due to depriving the

cotton plant from nutrition, water, sunlight, etc. but also aggravate the insect pestproblem. CCRI, Multan excelled in adoption of chemical control of weeds in cotton. Muchprogress has been made in this regard but more research is needed at micro level atfarmers field.

l) Irrigation ManagementWater is a scared commodity. Its efficient utilization is the most important to

harvest the potential yield. Therefore the research will be focused on various aspects forefficient utilization of this scared commodity to increase the productivity. CCRI, Multan

done a pioneer work in introducing water-saving technologies especially bed-furrowplanting technique, introduction of drought tolerant varieties and irrigation managementstrategy based on plant indicators etc. However, keeping in view the global warming andprevailing water scarcity scenario in the country, much work has to be done for savingevery drop of water to sustain crop productivity in an arid environment.

m) Integrated Pest ManagementCotton crop is more vulnerable to insect pest attack. The major loss in yield is

due to improper control measures of insect pests. Whitefly, Helicoverpa armigera(American bollworm), and Spotted bollworm are the major threat to cotton crop. Althoughpesticide is being used to control these pests but integrated pest management is the keysolution to manage these pests. In this respect, a lot of research work is needed to be

conducted to formulate the recommendations and technology to use all cultural,biological and chemical control measures in such a way that pests may be managedproperly to harvest the potential yield and to increase the productivity. There are alsoemerging other new pests like Mealybug which needs intensive research. Thus researchon cultural, biological and chemical (particularly plant protection techniques) will beconducted to formulate efficient pest control management recommendations. For thispurpose, a mass rearing facility (Bio-Factory) for parasites and predators will beestablished.

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n) Cotton Mealy BugCotton Mealy Bug is new pest recorded in cotton in the year 2005 in Punjab and

Sindh. This new insect is spreading widely not only on cotton crop but also reported onother crops including vegetables. CCRI, Multan immediately took notice of it and is

engaged in research for its control measures.

o) Development of Low Cost Production TechnologyThe prices of the inputs are increasing at higher rates and small farmers cannot

afford it. Therefore development of low cost production technology is continuing effortsby the Institute for small growers.

p) Technology Transfer More attention has to be focused to transfer cotton production technology at the

door steps of the growers particularly to small growers (82%) the major producers of thecountrys production. Whenever there is abnormal weather and any calamity, smallfarmers are not able to cope up these abnormalities and there is drastic decrease in the

production. CCRI, Multan will continue following measures for efficient transfer oftechnology at the door steps of the growers.

i) Use of print and electronic mediaii) Holding seminars and exhibitioniii) Organizing refresher courses on cotton production and protection for the

extension specialist, pesticide and seed industryiv) Master trainers will also be trained for updating their technical know how

so that they can train further extension functionaries in cotton production /protection technology

MAIN FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The financial assistance provided by MINFAL under the project will be utilized on theabove mentioned cotton research and development areas. Target of 20 million bales asenvisaged under the Cotton Vision 2015, can be achieved by upgrading andstrengthening of Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan.

The project will in general focus on the following issues:

Upgradation of research facilities- Provision of equipments (Annexure-I)- Provision of chemicals (Annexure-II)- Provision of glassware/plasticware (Annexure-III)

- Appointment of experts/scientists/staff (Annexure-IV)

Improvement and expansion of infrastructure of the Institute

Development of high yielding, heat resistant, drought tolerant andpest/disease resistant having wide adaptability in cotton ecological zones

Project will focus on production of low cost technology

Enhancing capacity building of the scientists- Medium and short term training- Participation in the national and international symposia/colloquia

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To make new advances in cotton research and development to cater theneeds of the new emerging problems related to increasing productivity perunit land area.

Strengthening of transfer of technology for training of extensionspecialists, growers, pesticide/seed industry and other stakeholders

Cotton varieties and cotton production technology developed by CCRI,Multan has substantial share in the cotton production. These varietiescover more than 80% area in the Punjab and more than 60% area inUpper Sindh. Adaptation of these varieties as well as productiontechnology resulted tremendous improvement yield per unit areaultimately cotton production, which was raised from 8 million bales to13 to 14.6 million bales.

In terms of economic value, CCRI cotton production technology andvarieties contribute approximately 8.5 million bales (valuing aroundRs. 90 billion annually) out of total cotton production of 14.6 millionbales.

In addition to this contribution, during the year 2005-06 in Punjab, longstaple cotton varieties were planted on 78% of total cotton area, out ofwhich 65% area was covered by varieties of CCRI, Multan.

Thus the project will facilitate to achieve the envisaged target of 20million bales by 2015. Addition of one million bales of cotton will addRs.10 billion in the national exchequer annually. The economic outputof the project is estimated to be Rs. 50 billion accrued due to theincrease in cotton production in the country. The proposed cost of theproject is Rs.500 million over a period of five years and this amountwould result in multifaceted benefits both in the economic and social

sectors across the country through enhancement in cotton productivity.

7. Capital cost estimates

i) Indicate the date of estimation of Project cost estimates:April 2006

ii) Basis of determining the capital cost be provided. It includes marketsurvey, schedule rates, estimation on basis of previous work done etc.

Hiring and market price structure prevailing in April 2006.

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iii) Provide year-wise estimation of physical activities as per following:

Year-wise / component-wise physical activitiesItem Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Pay

Fees

CommunicationUtilities

Motor Vehicles

Travel & Transportation

General

Computer Equipment

Commodity Purchases

Other Stores & Stocks

Purchase of Transport

Purchase of Plant & Machinery

Purchase of Furniture & Fixtures

Purchase of other Assets

RoadsBuilding & Structure

Telecommunication work

Repair and Maintenance

Year-wise / component-wise financial phasing(Rs. in Million)

Item Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

Pay 12.37 13.59 14.31 14.31 14.31 68.90

Fees 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.25

Communication 0.12 0.57 0.59 0.64 0.69 2.61

Utilities 2.15 2.75 2.75 2.80 2.85 13.30

Motor Vehicles 0.11 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 0.91

Travel & Transportation 2.26 4.42 5.52 5.92 6.52 24.64

General 4.35 6.85 9.75 8.25 8.00 37.20

Computer Equipment 0.20 0.95 0.80 0.90 0.90 3.75

Commodity Purchases 0.76 0.70 0.80 1.10 1.11 4.47

Other Stores & Stocks 3.80 25.10 26.90 26.80 28.20 110.80

Purchase of Transport 1.30 4.45 5.95 0.15 0.15 12.00

Purchase of Plant & Machinery 0.00 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20

Purchase of Furniture &Fixtures

0.60 1.10 1.10 0.90 0.00 3.70

Purchase of other Assets 0.05 2.55 0.05 0.05 0.05 2.75

Roads 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 3.00

Building & Structure 0.00 30.46 19.07 12.57 1.50 63.60

Telecommunication work 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.00 0.50

Repair and Maintenance 1.90 1.51 1.16 0.81 0.62 6.00

Total 30.00 100.65 92.25 75.56 65.11 363.58

Detail of year-wise / component-wise financial phasing of the project is given inAnnexure-V.

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8. Annual operating and maintenance cost after completion of the project.

Not applicable.

9. Demand and supply analysis:

Cotton Consumption Pattern

There has been a phenomenal growth in the mill consumption of cotton over theyears which is attributable to both the setting up of new mills and their improvedcapacity. The number of textile mills in the country increased from 131 in 1971-72 to 210 in 1981-82, to 307 in 1991-92 and to 445 in 2001-02, which has nowincreased to 458 in 2004-05. Accordingly, the raw cotton requirements of thetextile industry have increased manifold over the year (Table-7).

Table 7 : Raw Cotton Consumption In Pakistan

Season Cotton consumption

(Million bales)1994-05 8.3521995-96 8.9751996-97 8.5441997-98 8.6161998-99 8.5181999-00 9.443.2000-01 9.8822001-02 10.5292002-03 11.4392003-04 11.4052004-05 12.495

Source: Textile Commissioners Organization..

The above figures reveal an average annual growth of four percent. The privatesector however places the present level of cotton consumption in the country inthe range of 14-15 million bales annually, which is not actual but based oncertain assumptions.

i) Textile Industrys Capacity

The installed and working capacity of the textile industry as under:

Table 9 : Installed and Working Textile Capacity (as in May 2005 )

Installed WorkingNumber of Textile Mills = 458 373Spindles = 9,973,159 8,522,917Rotors = 155,160 79,788Looms = 9,032 4,445-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Source: Textile Commissioners Organization.

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ii) Cotton Vision 2015

The International Cotton Advisory Committee have projected the world cottonproduction by 2009-10 to be 120 million bales (weighing 480 lbs or 218 kgseach), including 10.97 million bales of Pakistan. In terms of the local bale weightof 170 kgs the projection for Pakistan comes to 14 million bales, i.e. at the level

of production already achieved in 2004-05. It may, however, be mentioned thatthe cotton season 2004-05 was exceptionally good for almost all the cottonproducing countries as the average yields world wide were significantly higher onaccount of expanding use of technologies, improved management practices andabove all an exceptional weather. The views of the International Cotton AdvisoryCommittee were also solicited as to what should be the cotton production targetin Pakistan by 2015. In response, the Committee has suggested to envisageproduction of 3.0 million tons or 17.65 million local bales.

An analytical exercise was, however, carried out to project the future cottonproduction in the country under different workable options, as elaborated below :

Option I: Projections Based on Current Rate of Growth.

During the last 10 years ending 2004-05, the cotton production in the countryregistered an annual average growth of 6% on account of 2% increase in areaand 4% increase in hectare yield. Keeping these growth rates into considerationand taking the likely production of 13 million bales in 2005-06 as the bench markthe cotton crop volume by 2015 works out to be 18.5 million bales with thefollowing annual projections (Table 9)

Table 9 : Cotton Production Projections by 2015

Y e a r Production (million bales)

2006-07 13.522007-08 14.062008-09 14.622009-10 15.202010-11 15.812011-12 16.442012-13 17.102013-14 17.782014-15 18.50

With the above production trends, the projected crop size of 18.5 million baleswould be 42% higher than the bench mark of 13 million bales. However, for

attaining this level the cotton area would have to be increased to 3.86 millionhectares as against the estimate of 3.22 million hectares for 2005-06, thus anabsolute increase of 0.64 million hectares or by 20%. As such, the hectare yieldby 2015 would be 815 kg. as against 686 kgs. provisionally estimated for 2005-06 an over all increase of about 19%.

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Option II : Projections Based on Growth in Yield only.

Considering a situation where no further growth in cotton area sown would bepossible on account of irrigation water availability and the market prices of thecompeting crops, the focus would then be on raising the per hectare yield forenhancing the future cotton production. Hence, keeping the cotton area sown in

2005-06 as a constant factor and raising the hectare yield by 5% annually, thecotton production by 2015 works out to be 20.13 million bales (Table-10).

Table 10 : Projected Production Based on ConstantAcreage and Higher Yield

Y e a rProduction

(in million bales)2006-07 13.642007-08 14.322008-09 15.04

2009-10 15.782010-11 16.562011-12 17.402012-13 18.302013-14 19.202014-15 20.13

The projected crop size of 20.13 million bales would be 55% higher than thebench mark of 13 million bales. As such, the hectare yield by 2015 would be1,060 kgs as against 686 kgs provisionally estimated for 2005-06 an over allincrease of about 55%.

Option III : Projections Based on Increasing Both Area and Yield

In view of cotton production potential in Balochistan and D.I. Khan district inNWFP, the government has been promoting cotton cultivation and providingsupport to the provincial governments. It is realized that in Balochistan there isvast area available which can be brought under cotton cultivation where theyields and the quality of cotton is also better.

Assuming that no sizeable area under cotton cultivation can further be brought inthe two major cotton growing provinces of Punjab and Sindh, the additionalcotton area to the possible extent of 2,50,000 acres (1,00,000 hectares) inBalochistan particularly in Sibi, Nasirabad and Kalat divisions seems possible by2015.

Thus, with a modest increase of 25,000 acres (10,117 hectares) under the cottoncrop annually coupled with 5% increase in the hectare yield over that of 2005-06,the cotton production by 2015 could be enhanced to 20.70 million bales with theannual production patterns (Table 11).

With the above production trends, the projected crop size of 20.70 million baleswould be around 60% higher than the bench mark of 13 million bales. However,

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for attaining this level the cotton area would have to be increased to 3.32 millionhectares as against the estimate of 3.22 million hectares for 2005-06, thus anabsolute increase of merely 0.1 million hectares or by 3%. The hectare yield by2015 would thus be 1,060 kgs.

It may thus be seen that the above three options for cotton production

enhancement in the country by 2015 provide a range of 18.50 million bales to20.70 million bales.

Table 11 Production Projections Based on GradualIncrease Both in Area and Yield

Y e a rProduction

(in million bales)2006-07 13.682007-08 14.412008-09 15.182009-10 15.98

2010-11 16.822011-12 17.722012-13 18.672013-14 19.662014-15 20.70

iv) Cotton Consumption Estimates

As referred earlier, the mill consumption of cotton in the country during the last10 years registered an annual growth of 4%. Assuming a similar growth patternin the following years and taking 13 million bales consumption estimated for2005-06 as the bench mark, the extrapolated mill consumption by 2015 comes to

18.5 million bales. The annual consumption pattern would possibly besummarized as given in table 12. It appears that the mill consumption of rawcotton by 2015 would possibly be 42% higher from the current level.

The demand of the textile industry in respect of the staple-wise cotton break up is(Table-13).

Table 12 : Mill Consumption of Raw Cotton by 2015.

Y e a rMill Consumption

(million bales)2006-07 13.52

2007-08 14.062008-09 14.622009-10 15.202010-11 15.812011-12 16.442012-13 17.102013-14 17.782014-15 18.50

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Table 13 : Count-wise Yarn Production (2003-04)

Yarn Counts Quantity (metric tons) % Share in ProductionCourse (up to 20s) 928,589 48.0Medium (21s 34s) 417,778 21.5

Fine (36s 47s) 66,033 3.4Super Fine (48s 80s) 34,690 1.8Blended Yarn 465,668 24.0Waste 26,150 1.3Total: 1,938,908 100.0

Source: APTMA, Annual review 2003-04.

The bulk cotton yarn thus being produced is of course and medium categories,whereas fine / super fine counts yarn account for only 5.2%. Keeping in view thecotton varieties presently under cultivation it appears that the staple-wiserequirement of cotton of the textile industry are being fully met, except for thefiner counts for which extra long staple cotton is required and, therefore,

imported. Based on the above yarn production pattern, the staple-wise cottonrequirements may be worked out (Table 14).

Table 14 : Staple-wise Requirement of Raw Cotton

Yarn Count Required Staple Length Requirement(million bales)

Course Medium (13/16 1) 7.3Medium Medium Long (1-1/32 to 1-3/32) 3.2Fine Long (1-1/8 to 1-5/16) 0.5Super Fine Extra Long (above 1-5/16) 0.3Blended Yarn -- 1.4

Waste -- 0.3Total Cotton -- 13.0

As against the above requirements, the varieties evolved by CCRI, Multan mostlyfall under long staple category. The variety-wise cotton area sown in the Punjabin 2005-06 as shown below testify this proposition (Table 15).

It may thus be seen that the present cotton varieties not only suffice the currentstaple-wise requirement of the textile industry but provide an opportunity toproduce more yarn of medium and fine counts. Still better cotton varieties areneeded to be evolved to meet the industrys requirements in future as well.

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Table 15 : Variety-wise Area Sown in the Punjab (2005-06)

Variety Staple Group % of Area SownCIM-496 Long 32.03CIM-499 Long 16.16

CIM-473 Long 11.35CIM-506 Long 06.18BH-160 Long 07.53NIAB-111 Long 03.67FH-900 Long 00.81FH-100 Long 00.74Sub-total 78.47CIM-446 Medium Long 02.69CIM-443 Medium Long 01.20FH-142 Medium Long 04.90FH-901 Medium Long 01.46Sub-total 10.25

Other Varieties Medium / Medium Long 11.28Grand Total -- 100.00

iii) Preferred Option for Cotton Production Enhancement

Having examined the textile industrys future requirements of raw cotton andvarious alternatives for enhancing cotton production, it appears that Option IIIwhich promises 20.70 million bales may be adopted as the production target tobe achieved under Cotton Vision 2015. This would not only meet the demand ofthe local textile industry, but would also leave a surplus for export purposesthereby enabling a continued existence of the country in raw cotton exportmarket.

The achievement of the above envisaged cotton production target would,however, remain subject to certain pre-requisites necessarily required to supportthe production process.

10. Financial plan and mode of financing

Mode of Financing : Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock

11. Project benefits and analysis

(i) Financial

In the highly competitive international market for cotton and textile goodsparticularly after elimination of quotas only those will stay who could create andmaintain their credibility. The circumstances have thus changed underlying thenecessity of developing a futuristic vision of the market demand with particularreference to the quality specifications matching the buyers requirements, andundertaking corrective measures accordingly.

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The Pakistans cotton is placed only under lower grade category and that too atthe lower end of the price scale. The average rate of the lower grade cotton was55 cents per lb where as Pakistan Afzal 1-1/16 was quoted at 51.75 cents.

It is realized that with serious and sincere efforts, if made by all the stakeholders,the production of clean and contamination free cotton in the country can be made

a reality that would in turn create a win-win situation for all concerned. As theresult, the yarn recovery rate can be enhanced by 13 kgs per bale and a price atleast parallel to that of Turkeys yarn can be accrued on the world market.Accordingly, an increment of US$ 135 can be realized from each bale of rawcotton equivalent yarn.

Taking into account the future prospects for a sustained growth in cotton sectorand the possible improvement in the quality of raw cotton, the following targetsare envisaged to be achieved by 2015 :

1. Cotton Production: 20.70 Million Bales2. Cotton Yield / hectare. 1,060 kg (from current estimate of 686 kg)

3. Mill Consumption of Cotton: 20.10 Million Bales4. Exportable Cotton Surplus: 0.60 Million Bales5. Improved Yarn Recovery Rate 92% (from current average of 84%).

through clean / contamination free cotton production :

The higher production of cleaner cotton would thus result in the followingadvantages:

1. Assured supply of cleaner, uniform, graded and contamination free cotton tothe domestic textile industry.

2. Higher recovery rate, hence more yarn.3. Improved reputation of Pakistans cotton and its products in the world market.

4. Substantial additional foreign exchange earning through better unit values.

(ii) Economic

It is commonly agreed that the low quality of raw cotton produced in the countryis due mainly to the primitive marketing system which is primarily based onvarieties and the stations, and needs to be transformed into a buying and sellingprocess on the basis of grades, staple and other specifications (fineness,strength and uniformity etc.). The possible benefits of such a system may beenumerated as under:

1. Assured supply of cleaner, uniform, graded and contamination free cotton tothe domestic textile industry.

2. Higher recovery rate, hence more yarn.3. Improved reputation of Pakistans cotton and its products in the world market.4. Substantial additional foreign exchange earning through better unit values.

As for the economic gains, the possible increment in revenues with better qualityand cleaner raw cotton becoming available to the domestic textile industry, isanalytically assessed hereunder:

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Table 16 : Estimated Economic Gains Per Bale Of Cotton

Volume-wise :One bale of raw cotton = 170 Kgs.Yarn recovery at the present rate of 84% = 143 Kgs.Yarn recovery at improved rate of 92% = 156 Kgs.

Improvement = 13 Kgs.Value-wise143 kgs of yarn @ $ 1.86/kg* quoted forPakistan 20s = $ 265.98156 kgs of yarn @ $ 2.57/kg* quoted forTurkey 20s = $ 400.92

Improvement = $ 134.94------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* Yarn export prices as quoted in Cotton Outlook, December 16, 2005

Thus, the higher yarn recovery percentage coupled with higher prices (matchingat least the prices being availed by Turkey) may yield an additional income of

about $ 135 million or Rs.8.1 billion through one million bales of raw cottonequivalent yarn.

(iii) Social benefits with indicators

The rise of the textile industry in Pakistan has been fuelled by large investmentsin new machinery especially in the last few years. According to the InternationalTextile Manufacturer Federation (ITMF), International textile MachineryShipments Statistics only about 155,000 short staple ring spindles were newlyinstalled in Pakistan in 1980. Ten years later this number amounted to 303,000and in 2000 jumped to 426,000. spinning capacities further expanded andaccelerated in the early years of the new Millennium, shipments of short staplespinning between 2001 and 2004 rising to an average of almost 750,000 per

annum.

A similar development on a lower scale can be observed in weaving. Whereas in1980 shipments of new shuttle-less looms to Pakistan amounted to 22, they roseto 915 in 1990 and reached 1231 units in 2004. On ave4rage 1160 new shuttle-less looms were installed every year between 2001 and 2004.

The importance of the textile industry for the Pakistani economy becomesobvious when looking at its export performance. Thus in 2003-04 textilesaccounted for 66% of all export earnings. With a share of 70% cotton remains thelargest fibre although its share has been falling slowly in recent years. Man-madefibre yarn on the other hand has been growing steadily, doubling between 1996

and 2003 from 3160000 tons to 594000 tons.This scenario shows that in terms of volume, there has however been aphenomenal growth in cotton production and textile sector of Pakistan over thepast 57 years. This can well be adjudged from the sample fact that number oftextile mills in the country increased from only two in 1947 to 458 in 2004. Thiscould obviously be possible due to increasing cotton production from merely 1.1million bales in 1947-48 to an all time record crop of 14.6 million bales in 2004-05. these will be further increased in volume of textile industry due to increased

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production of 20.70 million bales by the year 2015. This voluminous increase willresult in more labour intensive job in the rural sector with concomitant expansionin jobs and market economy in the country and enhanced export earnings.

(iv) Employment generation (direct and indirect)

Cotton is lifeline of the country. It is an occupation of more than 1.5 millionfarming families and a source of livelihood for several million of labour in thecities and towns. In cotton growing areas, the sale of cotton produce mayaccount as much as 40% of cash income of rural household. Besides this, itaccounts for 60% of our export earnings and about 85% of domestic oilproduction. Apart from the main cotton growing areas in the Punjab province,Balochistan has emerged as potential area for cotton production. The area underPat Feeder Canal and Kachi canal will rise tremendously over the years to come.At the present moment, cotton was sown on 40,000 hectares during 2005-06 andis likely to increase many-fold after the completion of Kachi Canal which willcover an area of about 0.215 million hectares. The rural population will bebenefited greatly by this high value added crop.

In the foreseeable future Asia will remain the centre of the primary textile industrywith a share of about 80% of global production, with Pakistan having the potentialto play a major role next to China. However, this potential will only be fullymaterialized if the whole pipeline of the primary textile industry, from cottongrowing to the finishing process is optimized.

The project increase in yield per unit land area and expansion in textile industrywill result in generation of direct employment forms, ginning and textile industryand indirect labour force in manufacturing of value added products, boom in localand export trade, transport sector. This cumulative effect will raise the standardof living of the rural and urban inhabitants.

(v) Environmental impactThe impact of the project will be environment friendly. Development of transgeniccotton varieties will require fewer numbers of insecticidal sprays. The reduction ininsecticides will reduce environmental pollution with special reference to soil andwater pollution. In return, it will have positive and healthy effects on plants,human and animal health. The reduction in use of pesticides will not onlyminimize environmental pollution but also reduce the import bill on pesticides.The production of pesticide free and clean cotton is accordance with WTOrequirement will result in export earnings. Moreover, development of droughttolerant and heat resistant varieties will be cost effective in terms of productionunder harsh climate and improving water use efficiency in the realm of waterscarcity. Government of Pakistan is promoting cultivation of organic cotton in

Balochistan and NWFP provinces. This vision will be realized by upgrading andstrengthening of research and development activities at CCRI, Multan.

(vi) Impact of delays on project cost and viability

The project on the Up-gradation of Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan asInternational Institute is in consonance with the objective of the agriculture sectorto improve the income of the farmer. The estimated consumption of raw cottonof textile industry is 20.7 million bales by the year 2015. The up-gradation of the

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Institute will strengthen in revolutionizing the research and development activitiesin cotton crop to enhance yield per unit land area. The development of newinnovations and technologies and adoption of improved management practiceswith cost-effective inputs will result in maximizing cotton yield per unit area. Anydelay on part of the implementation of the project will hamper the cropproductivity and achieving production target of 20.7 million bales by the year

2015. The short fall accrued due to low production will result in decreasingagriculture GDP and ultimately laying-off labour force in the rural and urbanareas. The production of cotton in accordance with WTO requirement is need ofthe day. Achieving this goal, investment has to be made in research forproduction of quality cotton.

Output of the Project

1. The project will help achieve cotton production target of 20.7 million balesby the year 2015.2. Upgradation of the Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan as anInternational Institute will be centre of excellence in cotton research inPakistan and in the Muslim world as a whole.3. Strengthening of research facilities at par excellence of an Internationalstatus will give impetus for furthering the cotton research and development.4. Evolution of high yielding, long staple, heat resistant and drought tolerantcotton varieties developed under this project will revolutionize the cottonproduction.5. The advancement in the management strategy of cotton leaf curl virusdisease and development of resistant varieties will help in combating thisdisease which is a major threat to cotton production in Pakistan.6. The evolution of transgenic cotton i.e. insect resistant varieties will helpincrease production and reducing cost of production on plant protection.7. Integrated pest management will reduce insecticide use and rationale useof insecticides. This will be safe for the human, animal and the environment.8. Capability building of the scientists will improve their working efficiency inresearch endeavors.9. The provision of additional and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure willlead to more space for laboratory work.10. The establishment of technology transfer centre will help to keep liaisonbetween research and extension discipline to address the day-to-dayproblems of the farming community.11. Improvement of socio-economic conditions of the farmers, incomegeneration, and better returns from crops.12. Information developed under the project would remain available onsustained basis on internet, printed and booklet form etc.

12. Implementation schedule

i) Indicate the starting and completion date of the project

Starting Date : July 2006 Expiry Date : June 2011

ii) Item wise / year wise implementation schedule in line chart correlatedwith the phasing of physical activities.

As given on Page 15.

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13. Management structure and manpower requirements including specializedskills during construction and operational phases:

The funds will be provided as transfer grant to CCRI, Multan for up-gradation of the Institute to the standard of an International Institute asoutlined in the PC-I. MINFAL will not pick any liabilities after closure of the

project. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock will conduct annual audits.The external audit will be carried out by the Federal Audit Department.

Project Director

Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan is already on-going Institute on cottonresearch and development activities. Its upgradation is neither independentproject nor a new institution is to be established. Its upgradation is part andparcel of the research activities already going on in Institute. The administrativeand financial control is already with the Director CCRI, Multan. IndependentProject Director will not be able to run this project successfully; therefore, the

Director of the Institute will be the Project Director of the Project. He will be paidProject Allowance @ Rs. 30,000 per month / prevailing government rates as thecase may be, in addition to his ex-officio pay.

Hiring of Experts

The services of the experts will be hired on contract basis in the disciplines ofAgronomy, Physiology, Economics, and Technology Transfer. Matured scientists,preferably recently retired scientists from CCRI, Multan, having long experiencein cotton research and development will be hired on contract basis as Experts.They will be hired after recommendations of the Selection Committee. Expertswill be responsible for supervision of research and development activities in thediscipline for which they will be hired. They will be paid consolidated amount ofRs.60,000 per month.

Selection Committee

For hiring of experts, scientists, officers and staff, the following two committeeswill be constituted:

a) Selection Committee for Experts / Scientists / Officers

i) Agricultural Development Commissioner, MINFAL = Chairmanii) Cotton Commissioner, MINFAL = Member iii) Vice President, PCCC = Member iv) Director Research, PCCC = Member v) Director, CCRI, Multan / Project Director = Secretary / Member

b) Selection Committee for Staff

i) Director CCRI, Multan / Project Director = Chairmanii) Three Senior Officers of CCRI, Multan = Members

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All appointments shall be on contract basis and will be made on therecommendations of the Committees. There will be no liability on MINFAL afterthe closure of the project.Adjustment in Work Plan

The above work plan has been planned keeping in view the present research

problems of cotton production. However, the work plan will be amendable andreprioritized if it is needed keeping in view any future problem arises and inaccordance to the availability of the funds.

Line Plan of Civil Work

The tentative Line Plan of Civil Works is given in the PC-1. The covered area willinterchangeable / amendable when construction design / plan will be prepared bythe Architect according to the suitability of the building and space availability /requirement. However, it will not exceed the total covered area given in the LinePlan.

Provision of Funds & Financial Discipline

CCRI, Multan is under the administrative control of PCCC which is anautonomous organization and does not operate through AGPR system. It will notbe possible to reflect its itemized cost through NIS against AGPR, Islamabad.Therefore, the funds will be provided as a transfer grant through AGPR directly toCCRI, Multan as outlined in the PC-I of the project.

To operate these funds, CCRI, Multan will open a separate Bank account inthe National Bank of Pakistan at Multan to channelize the funds. CCRI,Multan will follow all the financial rules of PCCC for utilization of funds andpurchases etc as already in vogue.

On termination of the project, assets will stand transferred to CCRI,

Multan. MINFAL will conduct annual audits. The external audit will be conductedby the Federal Audit Department. MINFAL will not pick any liability after closure of the project.

14. Additional projects/decisions required to maximize socio-economicbenefits from the proposed project

The project Up-gradation of Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan asInternational Institute will evolve strategic plans for integration of research and tobring about close liaison with farmers, extension specialists and researchers. Theinstrument to get this dream into reality is capacity building of the scientists interms of short and medium term training, participation in conferences/seminars,

communication and cooperation extended to other stakeholders. The projectenvisages to provide a framework in which the cotton farming to be developed oncommercial basis and grow with ever increasing demand of cotton within andoutside the country.

15. Certified that the project proposal has been prepared on the basis ofinstructions provided by the Planning Commission for the preparation ofPC-1 for production sector projects:

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It is certified that the project has been prepared on the basis of instructionsissued by the Planning Commission for the preparation of PC-1 for ProductionSector projects.

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Prepared by: Muhammad Islam Gill, T.I.DirectorCentral Cotton Research InstituteMultanPhone #: 061-9201128

Checked by: Dr Qadir Bux Baloch

Agricultural Development CommissionerMinistry of Food, Agriculture & LivestockIslamabadPhone #: 051-9201718

Approved by:

Muhammad Saleem Khan Muhammad Ismail QureshiAdditional Secretary SecretaryMinistry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock Ministry of Food, Agriculture & LivestockIslamabad Islamabad

Phone #: 051-9210351

Documents

Strengthening of CCRI Project