Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II

-An exploratory study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in Education in different national contexts

By Riku Matilainen

ETUCE joint regional seminarBrussels

Mars 2006

Project title: “Strengthening European Social Dialogue

in the Education Sector II” *

• The survey about social dialogue is : - addressed to teacher unions and to the experts within these organisations

-> ETUCE member organisations on the employer role in the social dialogue -> focus on inside knowledge and expert opinion

- rooted in a comparative method -> find similarities and differences -> find strengths and weaknesses -> summed up in a comparative report

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II- A study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in Education in

different national contexts

• The survey about social dialogue

-> The survey was answered by 32 ETUCE member and associated organisations covering 23 European countries

-> The teachers unions are seen as one single coherent entity, but also studied as two groups: EU15/EFTA 19 organisations 13 c.

EU10+4 13 organisations 10 c.

The survey covered the following issues I:• Teachers unions and Labour market relations

• Organisation of TU, • Central organisations, • amount of TUs • (and employer (counter-)parts in different levels)

• Structure of the public administration and distribution of (public) responsibilities in education

• Amount local administrative units and • Number of levels in the administrative structure of the country

• Future trends an challenges in your country• Budgetary stability, privatisation, decentralisation, division of

responsibilities and challenges in the education sector

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II- A study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in

Education in different national contexts

The survey covered the following issues II:• Mapping employers in the different levels of

education– In relation to working conditions; wages, working time,

leave….

• Employer representation and organisation in education– Employers by sector and organisation:

• low level or non-organisation, • interest in education, • obstacles for participation

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II- A study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in

Education in different national contexts

Factors influencing the structure of Labour market

relations and of the social dialogue 1.

The degree of organisation:-share of teachers are organized. (2005)

EU15/EFTA: average 60 % and EU10+4: average 54 %(+ variation between organisations is 2 -99 %)

Amount of Teachers unions: The average amount was For al of the participating countries 6 unions (variation 1-40 TU/c)

EU15/EFTA 9 (variation 2-40 TU/c) EU10+4: average 3 (variation 1-14 TU/c)

(Over 10 unions: Portugal 40, France 26, Denmark 14, Poland 14)-Influencing the level of fragmentation?

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II- A study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in Education

in different national contexts


relations and of the social dialogue 2.

The membership profile of the Teachers unions:- in which sectors (Public, private, church, other) are the members working

-The common factor for al of the unions were that some of their members worked in the public sector. In the EU15/EFTA were seven/(17) and in the EU10+4 there were four/(11) unions that had (98-100 %) al of their members working in the public sector. So in their members are almost solely in that sector.

In the EU15/EFTA the average figure was 78 % of TU- members In the EU10+4 the figure was 65 %




relations and of the social dialogue 3.The membership profile of the Teachers unions:- the

members working in the private sector

- Only half 17 /32 of the TU had members in the private sector and in the EU15/EFTA were 12/(19) and in the EU10+4 there were five/13 that had members in the private sector.

- In the EU15/EFTA the average % was 10 (1- 30 %)




relations and of the social dialogue 4.The membership profile of the Teachers unions:- the

members working in the church sector (or other sect.)- Only half 14 /32 of the TU had members in the church sector and in the EU15/EFTA were 7/(19) and in the EU10+4 there were 7/13 that had members in the church sector. - In EU15/EFTA the amount was between (0,2- 82 %)

(Ireland 82, Portugal 40) - In EU10+4 the figures was between (0,2 -81%)

( Slovac Republic 81, Czech 40)



Employers representation and organisation IThe existence of employer organisations:

-In most of the countries there are employer organisations according to the participating TU.

Employers organisations in countries EU15 EU10+4

1-2 8 4 4

3-4 6 5 1

5-10 5 3 2

10 > 5 3 2

- There is no clear difference between EU15/EFTA and EU10+4



Employers representation and organisation

IIThe existence of an employer organisation in education:

-In the majority of countries there are employer organisations in education according to the participating TU.

Employers organisations in education

Al EU15/EFTA EU10+4YES 17 13 4

NO 12 3 9

- There is a clear difference. In EU15/EFTA there are often employer organisations in education and in EU10+4 countries the situation seem to be different



Employers in education in different sectors

The type of employers and share of teachers covered



Employers Public Private Church Other

EU15/EFTA%Min-max

1585

(60 – 100)

1213

(5 – 25)

9

(10)

4

(5)

EU10+4 %Min-max

1091

(85 – 98)

87

(1,5 – 10)

5

(0.5-5)

1

Total 25 (88) 20 14 5

Employers organisations in education and member-ship in central or European organisations



MembershipCentral

organisation

European organisation

EU15/EFTA Yes No

6 9

Yes No

8 4

EU10+4Yes No

1 +1+ 9

Yes No

2 8

Total 7 +1+ 18 10 12


- A study on the status and the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in Education in different national contexts

Employers interest in education

Agree Partly agree

Neutral Partly Dis-agree

Dis-agree

Employers’ interest in education is low

4

1

3

2

1

1

1

1

-

3

3

-

12

7

5

Employers’ interest in education is high

11

7

4

4

2

2

1

1

-

- 5

3

2

Employers’ interest in education is politically oriented

12

7

5

6

6

-

1

1

-

- 3

-

3

AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 + 4 is blue



Employers interest in educationAgree Partly

agreeNeutral Partly

Dis-agree

Dis-agree

Employers’ interest in education is commercial

3

3

-

3

2

1

3

1

2

4

2

2

7

4

3

Employers’ interest in education is socially relevant

7

3

4

9

5

4

1

1

-

3

2

1

1

1

-

Employers’ interest in education is generally accepted

10

6

4

7

3

4

1

1

-

3

2

1

1

1

-


Employers organisation

Agree Partly agree

Neutral Partly Disagree

Dis-agree

Employers’ organisation is well organized at school level

5

2

3

5

4

1

4

3

1

4

2

2

7

4

3

Employers’ organisation is well organized at local level

3

3

–

6

4

2

2

1

1

3

2

1

10

3

7

Employers’ organisation is well organized at regional level

4

4

–

7

6

1

1

-

1

3

2

1

8

1

7

Employers’ organisation is well organized at national level

12

10

2

5

4

1

- 3

–

3

5

–

5

Employers’ organisation is well organized at European level

3

3

–

3

2

1

4

4

-

- 8

2

6




Is there a low degree of or non-organisation

Yes No

EU15/EFTA 2 13

EU10+4 9 0

Total 11 13

In EU15/EFTA there are TU from two countries that points towards a low or non-organisation of employers: Greece and Portugal

- In Greece the reason chosen among the alternatives is “that there is no need for a formal organisation” ‘

- In Portugal the reason chosen among the alternatives is “ that there are competing interests among the employers”





Organisational and System-related reasons Agree

Partly agree

Partly Disagree

Dis-agree

There is no need for a formal organisation 5 6

Informal cooperation which compensates the lack of… 1 2 1 3

There is competing interests among the employers 3 1 1 2

The system of education is too fragmented 2 2 3

The system of education is too decentralized 3 1 4

The system of education has too many actors 2 2 1 4



Organisational and System-related reasons

AgreePartly agree

Partly Disagree

Dis-agree

The system of education is built around legislation/ regulation which prohibits the organisation of employers

1 7

The system of education is built around legislation/ regulation which supports the organisation of employers

1 2 2 4



Any obstacles for employers’ organisations to assume the mandate to enter into collective agreements

Yes No

EU15/EFTA 4 9

EU10+4 8 4

Total 12 13



Main obstacles for active participation of employers

Agree Partly agree

Partly Disagree

Dis-agree

legislation forbids it 1

1

2

-

1

3

legislation makes it difficult -

1

-

2

1

-

2

1

the civil servant status of employees 1

1

1

3

problems with cooperation with government actors on different levels

1

2 1

2

-

resistance from employer organisations themselves

1

-

1

1

1

-

competition from other employer organisations

1

-

1

1

-

1

1

-

unwillingness of employers to organize 1

3

1

1

1

-

Associations exist but they lack the mandate to represent

-

4

1

-

2

-

Good practices

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

Good pratices No good practices

EU15/EFTA EU10+4

The end for now!

Thank you for your patience.

Documents

Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the Education Sector II