AJIT DHAYGUDE (SIIB-PUNE)

SIIB

STRAWBERRY SYRUPA Detail Project Report

SUBMITTED BY:-

AJIT DHAYGUDEMBA (ABM)PRN- 08020242012

SUBMITTED TO:-

CHITRAGAR SIRFACULTY AT ‘SIIB’

INDEX

SR.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 INDIAN AGRICULTURE 5

3 WHY STRAWBERRY 6

4 PROMOTERS PROFILE 6

5 PRODUCT------- STRAWBERRY SYRUP 7

6 MARKET POTENTIAL 8

7 MANUFACTURING PROCESS 8

FINANCIAL ASPECTS

8 CAPITAL INPUTS 10

9 MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS 11

10 TENTITIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT 11

11 DETAILS OF PROPOSED PROJECT 12

12 PROFITABILTY CALCULATION 13

13 PROJECTED PROFITABILTY FOR 4 YEARS 14

14 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS 17

MACHINERIES DETAILS

15 STRAWBERRY FRUIT WASHER 19

16 STRAWBERRY JUICE EXTRACTER 20

17 STEAM JACKETED EXTRACTER 20

18 STIRROR 21

19 BABY BOILER 22

20 BOTTLE WASHING,FILLING & CAPPING MACHINE 23

CULTIVATION PRACTICES

21 INTRODUCTION 26

22 CULTIVATION 27

23 FERTILIZATION TO MARKET 29

24 NUTRITION 30

DOCUMENTATION

25 APPLICATION OF LICENSE FOR FOOD

PROCESSING (FPO - 1955)

35

26 FORM A 36

27 FORM B 37

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INTRODUCTION:-

Industry is one of the most vital inputs for both economy and social development of the

country. While the growth of the industry contributes in a big way in the country’s

economy, it also pays a major role in the life of the common man and has direct impact

on the quality of the life of citizens.

India is agriculture country, one third population depends on agriculture sector

directly or indirectly. Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of the Indian economy.

Indian agriculture contributes to the national gross domestic product is about 25%. With

food being the crowning need of the mankind, much emphasis has been on

commercialising agricultural production. Hence, adequate production and even

distribution of food has lately become high priority global concern. With the changing

agriculture scenario and global competition, there is a need of exploiting the available

resources at maximum level.

In Indian agriculture the factors like high productivity, supply of balanced crop

nutrients, efficient water management, improved crops, better plant protection, post-

production management for value addition and marketing, are responsible for higher

yield as compared to the other countries.

Innovation in production as well as marketing technologies hold the key to

economic success in the rapidly changing and competitive markets, both domestic and

international. Recent policy shifts market oriented economy and thrusts on the export

have opened up immense possibilities for entrepreneurs in india to promote the project

based on the innovative technologies are being set up in the farm, with or without foreign

collaboration. Financial institutions have also playing a pro-active and dynamic role in

the new development process that has recently been set in motion. It can accelerate

capital information in the rural areas in the agriculture and the allied sectors as well as

non farm sector. Agro processing activities specially in the thrust areas of fruits and

vegetables, fisheries, livestock, and dairy products with accent on export being promoted

by NABARD and nationalized banks on priority basis through appropriate policy

initiatives.

INDIAN AGRICULTURE:-

India has made lot of progress in agriculture since independence in terms of

growth in output yields and area under many crops. It has gone through a green

revolution, a white revolution. Today, india is the largest producer of milk, fruits, cashew

nuts, coconuts and tea in the world. The second largest producer of wheat, vegetables,

sugar and fish and third largest producer of tobacco and rice. Thus Indian agriculture is

bouncing back. It is scripting its own success story, thanks to rising private investment,

which will lead to faster growth. Agri business companies are developing new models to

reach out to the farmers and consumers, providing new technologies, investing more in

modern supply chains and in organized retailing that sells more and more processed food.

Thus Indian agriculture is undergoing rapid change particularly since mid sixties i.e. from

the one set of the ‘green revolution’. Therefore we have witnessed a white revolution

making a tremendous increase in the milk production. Our horticulture, which includes

fruit production, floriculture and vegetable production is also making tremendous

heading and it is said that yellow revolution is in the sight.

If we analyse this changing scene in agriculture we can notice that the traditional

agriculture which was ‘way of life’ for our farmers is now becoming a ‘business

proposition’. In the traditional farming there was not much change in the cropping

pattern, cultivation practices etc . it was based on the experiences transmitted from the

father to the son. However with the developments taking place due to the five year plans

and technological developments in agriculture traditional farming is changing into the

modern farming. Traditional farming slowly becomes absolute and uneconomic.

Traditional farming was no more self sufficient. No, farming is, becoming market

oriented. The needs of the farmers are increasing. He has to purchase many things such as

high yielding seed, fertilisers, pesticides, machinery, etc. from the market. As a result his

investment and financial needs are increasing. Naturally he has to produce and get the

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income to meet the costs and also to make some profits. Thus, the costs, returns, markets,

profits of the enterprise become significantly important. This is nothing but AGRI-

ECONOMICS.

With increasing population, rapid urbanisation and growing export markets the

demand for farm products is increasing and is likely to increase in the future.

As indicated above, there has been a technological break- through in agriculture

in recent years. New non traditional crops, new varieties of the crops, new methods of

cultivation are coming in very fast and farmers are adopting the same. A large number of

farm products are being produced for exports.

Like to set up modern commercial strawberry syrup project at mahabaleshwar in

satara district.

WHY STRWBERRY???

Strawberries are grown in many areas of Maharashtra. Satara district is not an

exception. As a matter of fact, many strawberry products from Panchgani and

Mahabaleshwar region have become very popular and brands like Mapro are well

established. Strawberries were not grown in large quantities few years back but with

gradual increase in demand for table varieties as well as from processing units, number of

farmers have now taken up this activity. Some progressive farmers should undertake

strawberry processing as a measure of forward integration. With assured supply of good

quality strawberries, quality of products would be very good and the competitive edge

would also go up. This product can also be produced in HP & J&K.

PROMOTERS PROFILE: -

Name of the unit: - STRAWBERRY INTERNATIONALS

Status: - Proprietor firm

Constitution: - Sole Company

Registered Office: - H-234, Near Jogeshwari Park

Andheri (West), Mumbai. (400025)

Location Unit: - Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. 412802

Proposed Activity: - Manufacturing Of Strawberry Syrup.

Installed Capacity: - 180 tonnes/month

Promoters information

Name AJIT DHAYGUDE

Address A/p: - Ahire

Tehsil:- Khandala

Dist. :- Satara (Maharshtra)

Pincode – 412802

Telephone 02169-275010, 003,009

Fax 02169-275003

Mobile +919890737455

AJIT.DHAYGUDE@GMAIL.COM

Educational Qualification MBA-ABM (SIIB)

Designation Proprietor

PAN ID NUMBER AJU234

PRODUCT

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Fruits are available only during 4-5 months every year and they are perishable. But with

the advent of preservation techniques, it is possible to enjoy them even during off-season.

There are many methods like dehydration, preparation of pulp or squash or syrup and so

on. This note considers manufacture of strawberry syrup from pulp.

Compliances under the FPO and PFA Act is mandatory.

Market Potential

Strawberries are liked by many but till 8-10 years back, they were not easily available

and hence were very costly. But with the modernisation of agriculture and horticulture,

many crops and fruits are grown at many new locations. Strawberry is one such fruit.

Strawberry processing is taking roots and processed products are becoming popular

outside the state as 280 well. Nearby tourist centres like Mahabaleshwar, Lonavala and

Goa have helped this cause. The manufacturing process is not very complicated and if

some strawberry growers start this project then the chances of success are more.

Competition is slowly increasing and any new entrant has to offer quality product at

competitive rates, offer handsome returns to middlemen and latchy packaging to lure

buyers. Placement of product is also very important as it would attract customers and also

provide visibility.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

The process of manufacture is very well standardised and easy to implement.

Fully grown and matured strawberries are washed, cleaned and graded and then peeled.

Subsequently, juice is extracted and filtered to remove seeds, fibres etc. Juice is then

processed and sterilised and some preservatives are added to it and stored in pulp form

for use during offseason.

Mixture of pulp, sugar syrup and preservatives along with water is thoroughly

mixed and syrup is packed in plastic bottles. Weight and process loss is on an average

35% to 40%.

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INDIA’S 85% STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION DONE

MAHABALESHWA

Fig:- Areas of strawberry collection for the syrup purpose.

CAPITAL INPUTS

Land and Building

A plot of land of around 200 sq.mtrs. with built-up area of 100 sq.mtrs. would be

sufficient. Land may cost Rs. 10 lacs - whereas cost of construction could be Rs. 25 lacs.

Machinery

Strawberries would be available only for around 6 months and hence the factory is

expected to run for around 150 days. It is, therefore, suggested to install processing

capacity of 180 tonnes per month which would need following equipments:

Item Qty Price (Rs.)

Fruit washing tanks 2 50,000

Juice extractors 2 2,10,000

Steam-jacketed kettle 1 30,000

Stirrer 1 10,000

Baby Boiler 1 1,20,000

Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine 1 1,40,000

Testing Equipments, Weighing Scales etc. -- 70,000

6,40,000

Miscellaneous Assets

Some other support assets like furniture and fixtures, packing tables, SS utensils, fruit

crates etc. shall be required for which a provision of Rs. 1,20,000/- is made.

Utilities

Power requirement shall be 50 HP including operations of mini boiler whereas per day

water requirement for process and potable and sanitation purposes will be about 1200 ltrs.

Raw and Packing Materials

The most critical raw material will be strawberries. They are grown in ample

quantity in Satara and Nasik districts with many large farms. Hence, the location has to

be appropriately selected. Prior supply arrangements with some farmers would ensure

smooth supply. Other materials like sugar, citric acid and permitted food colours and

flavours will also be available locally. Packing materials like food grade plastic bottles of

700 ml. capacity, labels, corrugated boxes etc. shall be required for which adequate

arrangements must be made.

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS

Particulars Nos. Monthly salary

(Rs.)

Total monthly salary

(Rs.)

Machine operators 4 10,000 40,000

Semi skilled workers 4 6,000 24,000

Helpers 8 4,000 32,000

Drivers 2 5,000 10,000

Total 100000

TENTATIVE IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Activity Period (in months)

Application and sanction of loan 2

Site selection and commencement of civil

work

1

Completion of civil work and placement

orders for machinery

4

Erection, installation and trial runs 1

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DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Land and Building:-

Particulars Area (sq. Mtrs) Cost (Rs.)

Land 200 10,00000

Building 100 25,00000

35,00000

Machinery

The total cost of machinery is expected to be Rs. 6.40 lacs as explained earlier.

Miscellaneous Assets

A provision of Rs.1,20,000/- is adequate for some other assets as discussed earlier.

Preliminary & Pre-operative Expenses

Any industrial project entails many pre-production expenses like registration,

establishment and administrative charges, travelling, interest during implementation, trial

runs etc. An amount of Rs. 2,00,000/- is provided towards them.

Working Capital Requirements

Capacity utilisation in the first year is assumed to be 60% in the first year which would

require following working funds:

Particulars Period

(month)

Margin

(%)

Total

(lacs)

Bank

(lacs)

Promoters

(lacs)

Stocks of packing materials &

sugar

1 30 2 1.4 0.6

Stock of finished goods 4 25 20 15 5

Receivables ½ 25 4 3 1

Other expenses 1 100 2 -- 2

28 19.4 8.6

Cost of the Project & Means of Financing:-

Item Amount (lacs)

Land and building 35

Machinery 6.4

Miscellaneous assets 1.2

P & P Expenses 2

Contingencies @ 10% on land and building & plant &

machinery

4.14

Working capital margin 8.6

Total 57.34

Means of finance

Promoters contribution 17.202

Term loan from bank 40.138

Total 57.34

Debt to equity ratio 2.34:1

Promoters contribution 31%

Financial assistance in the form of grant is available from the Ministry of Food

Processing Industries, Govt. of India, towards expenditure on technical civil works and

plant and machinery for eligible projects subject to certain terms and conditions.

PROFITABILITY CALCULATIONS

Production Capacity & Build-up

As against the processing capacity of 180 tonnes per month, the plant is expected to run

at 60% in the first season and 75% , 80% & 90% respectively.

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Sales Revenue at 100%

The selling price (MRP) of some established brands is in the range of Rs.500 to 600 per

ltr. To penetrate the market, the selling price assumed is Rs. 300 per ltr. Thus, sale of 108

kilo litres (with 60% yield) would result in income of Rs.324 lacs.

Raw & Packing Materials Required at 100% :-

Product Quantity Price/ton

(Rs)

Value

Strawberries 180 50,000 90

Sugar 5

Citric acid & other preservatives, flavours 2

Packing material @ Rs. 15000/KI 16.2

Total 113.2

Utilities

Monthly cost of utilities at 100% activity level is envisaged to be Rs.8,000/-.

Selling Expenses

Apart from very competitive selling price, the retailers need to be given lucrative

commission and adequate publicity materials. Product publicity by way of hoardings, free

sampling is also contemplated. Hence, a provision of 25% of sales revenue is made.

Interest

Interest on term loan of Rs. 40.138 lacs is calculated @ 12% per annum assuming

complete repayment in 4 years including a moratorium period of 1 year. Interest on

working capital loan from bank is computed @ 14% every year.

Depreciation

It is calculated @ 10% on building and 20% on machinery and miscellaneous assets on

WDV basis.

PROJECTED PROFITABILITY

No. Particulars 1st year 2nd year

A Installed Capacity 180 tonnes

Capacity Utilisation 60% 75%

Sales realisation 194.4 243

B Cost of production

Raw and packing materials 67.92 84.90

Utilities 0.576 0.72

Salaries 7.2 9

Stores and spares 1.2 1.5

Repairs and Maintenance 1.2 1.5

Selling Expenses @ 25% 48.6 60.72

Administrative expenses 1.2 1.5

Total 127.896 159.84

C Profit before interest and depreciation 66.504 83.16

Interest on term loan 4.81 4.23

Interest on working capital 1.6296 2.03

Depreciation 4.78 4.174

Profit before tax 55.2844 72.726

Income tax @ 33% 18.5 23.99

Profit after tax 37.042 48.736

Cash accruals 41.822 52.91

Repayment on term loan 5 5

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No. Particulars 3rd year 4th year

A Installed Capacity 180 tonnes

Capacity Utilisation 80% 90%

Sales realisation 259.2 291.6

B Cost of production

Raw and packing materials 90.56 101.88

Utilities 0.768 0.864

Salaries 9.6 10.8

Stores and spares 1.6 1.8

Repairs and Maintenance 1.6 1.8

Selling Expenses @ 25% 64 72

Administrative expenses 1.6 1.8

Total 169.72 190.94

C Profit before interest and depreciation 89.48 100.66

Interest on term loan 3.81 3.23

Interest on working capital 2.1728 2.4444

Depreciation 3.4742 3.0686

Profit before tax 80.023 91.917

Income tax @ 33% 26.40 30.33

Profit after tax 53.623 61.587

Cash accruals 57.0972 64.6556

Repayment on term loan 10 10

BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

No Particulars Amount (lacs)

[A] Sales 194.4

[B] Variable costs

Raw & packing materials 67.92

Utilities (70%) 0.4

Salaries (70%) 5.04

Stores & Spares 1.2

Selling expenses (70%) 34.02

Administration expenses (50%) 0.6

Interest on working capital 1.6296 110.9

[c] Contribution [A] – [B] 83.6

[D] Fixed cost 44.6

[E] Break even point [D] / [C] 53.34%

[A] LEVERAGES

Financial Leverage

= EBIT/EBT

= 61.484/56.04

= 1.09

Operating Leverage

= Contribution/EBT

= 83.6 ÷ 56.04

= 1.49

Degree of Total Leverage

= FL/OL

= 1.09 ÷ 1.49

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= 0.73

B] Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)

Particulars 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year

Cash accruals 41.822 52.91 57.0972 64.6556

Interest on TL 4.81 4.23 3.81 3.23

Total [A] 46.632 57.14 60.9072 67.8856

Interest on TL 4.81 4.23 3.81 3.23

Repayment of TL 5 5 10 10

Total [B] 9.81 9.23 13.81 13.23

DSCR [A] / [B] 4.7535 6.16 4.41 5.13

Average DSCR 5.1125

[C] Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Cost of the project is Rs. 57.35 lacs.

Year Cash accruals

1 41.822

2 52.91

3 57.0972

4 64.6556

The IRR is around 77%.

Some of the machinery suppliers are

1. T. Alimohammad & Co, MJ Phule Market, Mumbai 400 003

2. Sujata Enterprise,Laxmi Rd., Pune 411 030

3. Apurva Engg. Works, Borivali, Mumbai 400 098

4. Raylons Metal Works, PB No. 17426, JB Nagar, Andheri(E), Mumbai-400059

Machineries required:-

1. Strawberry fruit washer:- This is the machine will be helpful for the

washing the fruits in a systematic manner.

Company: - Bajaj Process & Pack Machines Pvt. Ltd.

Estimated Cost/ Unit: - 25,000/Machine

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2. Strawberry juice extractors: - we are using high power machines and two

in number for continuous production.

Company: - Bajaj Process & Pack Machines Pvt. Ltd.

Estimated Cost/ Unit: - Rs. 1, 10,000/Machine

3. Steam-jacketed kettle: - The Cleveland KGL-60-T gas-fired 60 gallon

steam jacketed kettle is a hard-working, self-contained unit that's easy-to-install!

Its 60 gallon capacity enables you to prepare large batches of stews, pasta, chili,

and soup. Thanks to its precise temperature control (less than 2 degrees

Fahrenheit of variance), it's ideal for simmering too!

The Cleveland KGL-60-T steam jacketed kettle features an energy-efficient high-

performance gas heating system that heats up and recovers quickly. Its insulated

heat exchanger aids in temperature retention and regulation. A simple, automatic

electronic spark ignition system ensures reliable start-up.

Its steam jacket is permanently filled with treated, distilled water, and is rated at

50 PSI, with a rear-mounted safety valve to prevent unintentional operation. All

exterior surfaces are made of durable 304 stainless steel.

A splash-proof solid-state control panel allows simple regulation of temperature,

and monitors low water safety, heat cycle, and has a low water warning. Other

special features include a large pouring lip that enables fast and easy pouring, a

durable rolled rim that can stand up to abuse, a 6' 115V power cord and plug for

the electronic spark ignition, and a roller bearing, case-hardened tilt mechanism

with self-locking worm and segment gear.

The Cleveland KGL-60-T 60 gallon steam jacketed kettle's support legs have

level-adjustable feet that are flanged for floor bolting. AGA, CSA, CE, NSF, and

ASME approved. Choose Liquid Propane or Natural Gas. For installation

requirements and additional detailed information, consult the specification sheet.

190,000 BTU firing rate, Power Burner Heating

Large pouring lip for fast, easy pouring

AGA, CSA, CE, NSF, and ASME approvals

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Dimensions:

Overall Width: 49 3/8"

Overall Depth: 47 1/4"

Height (to lip of kettle): 43 3/4"

Manufacturer’s Item Numbers: KGL-60-T LP, KGL-60-T

NAT

Cost of the machine: - Rs. 30,000/-

4. Stirrer:-

Cost of stirrer:- Rs. 10,000/-

All above are Purchased from:-

Bajaj Process Pack Machines Private Limited

Mr. Girish Bajaj

Add: 7/20, 7/27, Jai Lakshmi Industrial Estate, Side-IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area

Ghaziabad-201 001,Uttar Pradesh,India

Tel : +(91)-(120)-2775119/2775137

Fax : +(91)-(120)-2775137

Email : bajaj@del3.vsnl.net.in

5. Baby boiler: -

High quality Baby Boiler Machine which is superior in quality & performance the

equipment is ideal for accuracy. These are the specifications of Baby Boiler.

Specifications

• Pressure Capacity 2 Kg to 7 Kg as per required by party

• Pressure Gauge

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• Limit Switch

• Safety Valve

• Pump & Motor

• Gas Burner

• Fully Automatic Control Panel

Estimated cost: - Rs. 1, 20,000/Boiler

6. Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine

Estimated cost:- Rs. 1, 40,000/-

For purchasing Baby Boiler and Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine

Mr. Manoj Parmar

Hardik Enterprise

Plot No. 1, Chamunda Compound, Near Vasanwala Compound, Opp. Kiran Dying Mill,

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Udhana Surat - 395 003, Gujarat, India

Phone: +(91)-(261)-3278978

Mobile: +(91)-9825278300

Email: manojvalji@yahoo.com, info_hardikenterprise@yahoo.co.in

Strawberry cultivation: -

Garden Strawberry are a common variety of strawberry cultivated worldwide. Like

other species of Fragaria (strawberries), it belongs to the family Rosaceae. Technically it

is not a fruit but a false fruit, meaning the fleshy part is derived not from the plant's

ovaries (achenes) but from the peg at the bottom of the bowl-shaped hypanthium that

holds the ovaries.

The Garden Strawberry was first bred in Europe in the early 18th century. This represents

the accidental cross of Fragaria virginiana from eastern North America, which was

noted for its flavor, and Fragaria chiloensis from Chile, which was noted for its large

size.

Cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa have replaced in commercial production the Woodland

Strawberry, which was the first strawberry species cultivated in the early 17th century.

Cultivation

Fragaria × ananassa 'Gariguette,' a cultivar grown in southern France.

Strawberry cultivars vary remarkably in size, colour, flavour, shape, degree of

fertility, season of ripening, liability to disease and constitution of plant. Some vary

in foliage, and some vary materially in the relative development of their sexual

organs. In most cases the flowers appear hermaphroditic in structure, but function as

either male or female.

For purposes of commercial production, plants are propagated from runners and generally

distributed as either bare root plants or plugs. Cultivation follows one of two general

models, annual plasticulture or a perennial system of matted rows or mounds. A small

amount of strawberries are also produced in greenhouses during the off season.

The bulk of modern commercial production uses the plasticulture system. In this method,

raised beds are formed each year, fumigated, and covered with plastic, which prevents

weed growth and erosion, under which is run irrigation tubing. Plants, usually obtained

from northern nurseries, are planted through holes punched in this covering. Runners are

removed from the plants as they appear, to encourage the plants to put most of their

energy into fruit development. At the end of the harvest season, the plastic is removed

and the plants are plowed into the ground. Because strawberry plants more than a year or

two old begin to decline in productivity and fruit quality, this system of replacing the

plants each year allows for improved yields and denser plantings. However, because it

requires a longer growing season to allow for establishment of the plants each year, and

because of the increased costs in terms of forming and covering the mounds and

purchasing plants each year, it is not always practical in all areas.

The other major method is to maintain the same plants from year to year. The runners of

established plants should be allowed to root in the soil adjoining the plants, which should,

therefore, be kept light and fine, or layered into small pots as for forcing. As soon as a

few leaves are produced on each the secondary runners should be stopped. When the

plants have become well-rooted they should at once be planted out. They do best in a

rather strong loam, and should be kept tolerably moist. The ground should be trenched

50-100 cm deep, and supplied with plenty of manure, a good proportion of which should

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lie just below the roots, 25-30 cm from the surface. The plants may be put in on an

average about 50-60 cm apart.

The plantation should be renewed (renovation) every second or third year, or less

frequently if kept free of runners, if the old leaves are cut away after the fruit has been

gathered, and if a good top-dressing of rotten dung or leaf mold is applied. A top-dressing

of loam is beneficial if applied before the plants begin to grow in spring, but after that

period they should not be disturbed during the summer either at root or at top. If the

plants produce a large number of flower-scapes, each should, if fine large fruit is desired,

have them reduced to about four of the strongest. The lowest blossoms on the scape will

be found to produce the largest, earliest and best fruits. The fruit should not be gathered

until it is quite ripe, and then, if possible, it should be quite dry, but not heated by the sun.

Those intended for preserving are best taken without the stalk and the calyx.

A mulching of straw manure put between the rows in spring serves to keep the ground

moist and the fruit clean, as well as to afford nourishment to the plants. Unless required,

the runners are cut off early, in order to promote the swelling of the fruit. The plants are

watered during dry weather after the fruit is set, and occasionally until it begins to colour.

As soon as the fruit season is over, the runners are again removed, and the ground hoed

and raked.

Strawberries are often grouped according to their flowering habit. Traditionally, this has

consisted of a division between "June-bearing" strawberries, which bear their fruit in the

early summer and "Ever-bearing" strawberries, which often bear several crops of fruit

throughout the season. More recently, research has shown that strawberries actually occur

in three basic flowering habits: short day, long day, and day neutral. These refer to the

day length sensitivity of the plant and the type of photoperiod which induces flower

formation. Day neutral cultivars produce flowers regardless of the photoperiod. Most

commercial strawberries are either short day or day neutral.

While rarely if ever done commercially, may also be propagated by seed, and a few seed

propagated cultivars have been developed for home use. Seeds are acquired commercially

or saved from fruit ripened early in the summer. They may at once be sown, either in a

sheltered border outdoors or in pots, or better in March under glass, when they will

produce fruits in June of the same year. The soil should be rich and light, and the seeds

very slightly covered by sifting over them some leaf-mould or old decomposed cow

dung. When the plants appear and have made five or six leaves, they are transplanted to

where they are to remain for bearing. The seeds sown in pots may be helped on by gentle

heat, and when the plants are large enough they are pricked out in fine rich soil, and in

June transferred to the open ground for bearing.

From Fertilization to Market

Presently, most strawberries are fertilized by artificial fertilizers, but in the past, farmers

would gently scrub each strawberry with menuer, followed by another 1-2 weeks of

natural fertilization outdoors. After being fertilized outdoors, the cleaning process, which

has not changed significantly through time, commences with the 6-8 million strawberries

(70-90million today) placed on a shaking conveyor belt while streams of water clean the

strawberries. After traveling through another 5 series of cleaning cycles, the strawberries

are once again rinsed and divided into varying sizes of plastic containers to be delivered

to vendors.

Forcing

The runners propagated for forcing are layered into 75 mm pots, filled with rich soil, and

held firm by a piece of raffia, a peg or stone. If kept duly watered they will soon form

independent plants. The earlier they are secured the better.

When firmly rooted they are removed and transferred into well-drained 150 mm pots, of

strong well-enriched loam, the soil being rammed firmly into the pots, which are to be set

in an open airy place. In severe frosts they should be covered with dry litter or bracken,

but do not necessarily require to be placed under glass. They are moved into the forcing

houses as required.

The main points to be kept in view in forcing strawberries are:

Page | 29

use strong stocky plants, the leaves of which have grown sturdily from being well

exposed to light, and

grow them slowly until the fruit is set.

When they are first introduced into heat, the temperature should not exceed 8°C to 10°C,

and air must be freely admitted; should the leaves appear to grow up thin and delicate,

less fire heat and more air must be given, but an average temperature of 13°C by day may

be allowed and continued while the plants are in flower.

When the fruit is set the heat may be gradually increased, till at the ripening period it

stands at 18°C to 24°C by sun heat. While the fruit is swelling the plants should never be

allowed to get dry, but when it begins to colour no more water should be given than is

absolutely requisite to keep the leaves from flagging. The plants should be removed from

the house as soon as the crop is gathered. The forced plants properly hardened make first-

rate outdoor plantations, and if put out early in summer, in good ground, will often

produce a useful autumnal crop.

Pests

A number of species of Lepidoptera feed on strawberry plants; for details see this list.

The grubs of the cockchafer (Meloloniha vulgaris) and the rose chafer (Cetonia aurata)

frequently feed upon the roots of the strawberry and do considerable damage, while the

larvae of the Ghost Moth (Hepialus humuli) and garden swift moth behave in a similar

way. The imago of Cetonia aurala also frequently damages the flowers of the strawberry

by devouring their centres, and is often troublesome in this way in forcing-houses

particularly. The carnivorous ground beetles, particularly Pterostichus nigra and

Harpalus rufimanus, when the fruit is ripe attack it at night, returning to the soil in the

daytime. They are to be caught by placing jars containing some attractive matter, such as

meat and water, at intervals about the beds with their mouths sunk level with the surface

of the soil. Millipedes also are often found in the ripe fruit, but occur mostly where the

soil is very rich in organic matter and poor in lime. Slugs and snails also snack on the

fruit, as do birds. Slug pellets can be used to reduce their numbers, with child and animal

safe versions available. Organic solutions to slug attacks include beer baiting.

Diseases

See also: List of strawberry diseases

The most troublesome fungoid attacks to which the strawberry is subject are mildew, leaf

spot and leaf blight. The former, like all mildews, attacks the leaves and spreads to the

fruit, these being covered with the white mycelium. The fungus is identical with that

causing mildew in hops (Sphaerotheca humuli), and its development is greatly furthered

by exposure of its host to cold draughts or low night temperatures. Spraying the foliage

with potassium sulfide (K2S) (mixed with water at a 1:40 ratio by volume) should hold it

in check, but the plants should not be sprayed when the fruit is developing.

Leaf spot is caused by the fungus Sphaerella fragariae, The first symptom of this attack

is the appearance of small, circular, white spots on the leaves, having a broad, definite,

dark reddish margin.

On these spots a whitish mould develops, and this is followed later by the perfect form of

the fungus, the fruits of which appear to the naked eye as small black spots seated on the

white dead spot on the leaf. Potassium sulfide may be used as for the mildew, or, perhaps

better, Bordeaux mixture. Some recommend cutting off the leaves after fruiting and turn

the beds over so as to destroy the fungus in the leaves.

Leaf blight is caused by the fungus Phomopsis obscurans. The symptoms begin as one to

several circular reddish-purple spots on a leaflet. Spots enlarge to V-shaped lesions with a

light brown inner zone and dark brown outer zone. Lesions follow major veins

progressing inward. A copper sulphate containing spray like Bordeaux mixture will help

control this disease.

Page | 31

Nutrition

One cup (144 g) of strawberries constitutes approximately 45 calories (188 kJ) and is an

excellent source of vitamin C and flavonoids.

Nutrient Units

1 cup, whole

144 g

Proximates

Water g 132

Energy kcal 43

Energy kJ 181

Protein g 0.88

Total lipid (fat) g 0.53

Carbohydrate, by difference g 10.1

Fibre, total dietary g 3.3

Ash g 0.62

Minerals

Calcium, Ca mg 20

Iron, Fe mg 0.55

Magnesium, Mg mg 14

Phosphorus, P mg 27

Potassium, K mg 240

Sodium, Na mg 1.44

Zinc, Zn mg 0.19

Copper, Cu mg 0.07

Manganese, Mn mg 0.42

Selenium, Se µg 1.01

Vitamins

Vitamin C, ascorbic acid mg 82

Thiamin mg 0.03

Riboflavin mg 0.10

Niacin mg 0.33

Pantothenic acid mg 0.49

Vitamin B-6 mg 0.09

Folate µg 25

Vitamin B-12 µg 0

Vitamin A, IU IU 39

Vitamin A, RE µg RE 4.3

Vitamin E mg ATE 0.20

Nutrient Units

1 cup,

whole

144 g

Lipids

Fatty acids, saturated g 0.03

16:0 g 0.02

18:0 g 0.006

Fatty acids, monounsaturated g 0.075

16:1 g 0.001

18:1 g 0.073

Fatty acids, polyunsaturated g 0.27

18:2 g 0.16

18:3 g 0.11

Cholesterol mg 0

Phytosterols mg 17

Amino acids

Tryptophan g 0.01

Threonine g 0.027

Page | 33

Isoleucine g 0.02

Leucine g 0.045

Lysine g 0.036

Methionine g 0.001

Cystine g 0.007

Phenylalanine g 0.026

Tyrosine g 0.030

Valine g 0.026

Arginine g 0.037

Histidine g 0.017

Alanine g 0.045

Aspartic acid g 0.20

Glutamic acid g 0.13

Glycine g 0.035

Proline g 0.027

Serine g 0.033

DOCUMENTATION:-PHOTO OF THE

AUTHORIZED

SIGNATORY

APPLICATION FOR THE LICENCSE UNDER THE FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955

1. NAME OF APPLICANT: - AJIT DHAYGUDE

ADDRESS:- A/P: -AHIRE

TEHSIL: -KHANDALA

DISTRICT: -SATARA ,

MAHARASHTRA. (412802)

NAME OF THE PROPRIATOR: - AJIT DHAYGUDE

2. ADDRESS OF THE FACTORY:- Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. (412806)

2(A) ADDRESS OF THE GODOWNS OF FINISHED PRODUCTS:-

Plot No. 35A, Old MIDC, Bhilar, Panchagani Tehsil- Mahabaleshwar Dist.- Satara Maharashtra. (412806)

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT:- STRWABERRY SYRUP

4. PERIOD FOR WHICH LICENCSE REQUIRED:- 5 YEARS

5. LIST OF THE EQUIPMENTS:-

Fruit washing tanks

Page | 35

Juice extractors

Steam-jacketed kettle

Stirrer

Baby Boiler

Bottle Washing, Filling & Capping Machine

Testing Equipments, Weighing Scales etc.

6. A) WHETHER ANY POWER IS USED IN THE MANUFACTUR OF FRUIT PRODUCTS. IF SO, STATE THE EXACT POWER IS USED:- ------ 50 HP for 1500 Ltrs.

B) INSTALLED CAPACITY FOR 8 Hr SHIFT ----- 6 Ton’s/8 Hr

7. LICENSE FEE PAID DURING THE PREVIOUS YEAR----- NIL

8. TOTAL VALUE OF PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED DURING LAST YEAR ------ NIL

9. I HERE BY UNDERTAKE TO COMPLY WITH ALL PROVISIONS OF FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955.

10. I HAVE FORWARDED A SUM RUPEES IN RESPECTOF THE LICENSE FEE DUE ACCORDING TO PROVISIONS OF FRUIT PRODUCT ORDER, 1955.

……………………. (SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT)

LICENCE NO. FPO --- APSTR237/AD/2009

1. NAME AND ADDRESS OF LICENSE

2. ADDRESS OF AUTHORIZED PREMISES

3. CHANGE OF PREMISES IF ANY

THE LICENSE IS GRANTED UNDER AND IS SUBJECT TO PROVISION OF F.P.O., 1955 ALL MUST BE COMPLIED WITH BY LICENSEE.

PLACE- MAHABALESHWAR

DATE- 15 FEB 2009

LICENCSE OFFICER,DIRECTOR (FRUIT & VEGETABLE PRESERVATION), DEPARTMENT OF FOOD

VALIDATION AND RENEWABLEPERIOD OF VALIDITY

ITEMS OF FRUIT PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED TO

CATEGORY OF LICENSE

LICENSE FEE PAID

SIGNATURE OF LICENSING OFFICER

MANUFACTURE /LABELLING

Page | 37

LICENCE NO. FPO --- APSTR237/AD/2009

NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE LICENSE:-

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page | 39