STRAWBERRY PLANT PARK AND PRITCHARD PARK EAST …

YEAR 1 (2012/2013)

MONITORING RESULTS

STRAWBERRY PLANT PARK AND

PRITCHARD PARK EAST BLUFF

RESTORATION PROJECTS

Bainbridge Island, Washington

Prepared for the

City of Bainbridge Island

Prepared by

RIDOLFI Inc.

May 2013

Year 1 (2012/2013) Monitoring Results

Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff

Restoration Projects

Bainbridge Island, Washington

Prepared for

City of Bainbridge Island

Prepared by

RIDOLFI Inc.

May 2013


Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects

330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project sites, managed by

the City of Bainbridge Island, were identified for habitat restoration efforts by the Elliott Bay

Trustee Council (Trustees). The Trustees received funds for the projects to restore natural

resources injured by hazardous substances released from the Wyckoff facility in Eagle Harbor.

The restoration projects were designed to restore key habitats at the Sites including riparian,

marsh, intertidal flats, and forage fish spawning beaches. These restored habitats are intended

to support a variety of plants and animals, and in particular to provide beneficial habitat for

juvenile salmonids, forage fish and other migratory and resident fish species, as well as shore

birds and other wildlife.

Restoration activities were completed at the Sites in 2011, and the City, in collaboration with the

Trustees, developed a long-term monitoring program to guide monitoring activities to evaluate

the Sites and to inform adaptive management efforts at the Sites. Specific objectives of the

program are presented here and are the basis for the monitoring plan for the Site:

Measure the success of the restoration efforts

Identify adaptive management measures that may be beneficial at the Sites

Address monitoring requirements specified by permitting agencies

Serve as an outreach tool to disseminate project information to stakeholders

To meet these objectives, this monitoring report describes the Year 1 (2012/2013) monitoring

activities and field work, assesses progress toward meeting the success criteria, and

recommends adjustments (adaptive management) for future monitoring years.

The monitoring results were analyzed to evaluate whether the Sites are meeting performance

objectives. Based on these analyses, the performance objectives for the riparian vegetation are

not being met at the Sites. The performance objectives for marsh vegetation at Strawberry Plant

Park is being met and the marsh area is quite robust and healthy. However, whether the

percent cover of riparian and marsh vegetation is remaining stable or increasing over time

cannot be assessed based on a single year of monitoring.

Forage fish eggs were not observed in beach substrates at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site.

While a portion of the sampled beach substrates may be the appropriate size and at the

appropriate tidal elevations to support surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) spawning, they were

not of appropriate size and elevations for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus).

Adaptive Management Recommendations

Based on the Year 1 (2012/2013) monitoring results presented in this report, we have the

following recommendations:



330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page ii

Strawberry Plant Park

Continue planned monitoring efforts in Year 2 (2013/2014).

Determine if the irrigation system is functioning and determine the schedule for irrigation.

Remove non-native or invasive species such as Scot’s broom, Himalayan blackberry,

white sweet-clover, field bindweed, butterfly bush, pea vine, Canada thistle, curly dock,

prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and black locust tree seedlings.

Remove invasive species in the western portion of the site not reached in the September

event, and in previously worked areas where they were missed or may have

reestablished.

Target weeding around the plantings throughout site to create a buffer and encourage

growth.

Apply mulch to the newly weeded areas around the native plants to suppress weeds and

retain moisture.

Conduct supplemental planting in areas where high mortality has occurred.

Continue to mow the meadow area to control Scot’s broom seed source.

Pritchard Park East Bluff





prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and English ivy.

Target weeding around the plantings throughout the site to create a buffer and

encourage growth.


retain moisture. This work could be postponed until spring 2014 if budget and time

constraints occur.

Monitor erosion along riparian area bordering the beach.

Monitor grainsize of substrates in the pocket beach that was created to support forage

fish spawning habitat.



330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ i

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1

1.1 Project Objectives ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background Information on the Sites ............................................................ 2

1.2.1 Strawberry Plant Park ..................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff ................................................................. 2

2.0 METHODS ....................................................................................................4

2.1 Biological Success Criteria ........................................................................... 4

2.1.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage ........................................... 4 2.1.2 Data Analysis .................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage .......................................... 8 2.1.4 Data Analysis .................................................................................. 8 2.1.5 Forage Fish Access/Presence ........................................................ 9

2.2 Physical Success Criteria ........................................................................... 10

2.2.1 Elevation and Morphology ............................................................ 10 2.2.2 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspections ............................. 10

3.0 MONITORING RESULTS ........................................................................... 12

3.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage ....................................................... 12

3.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park Site ............................................................ 12 3.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff site ........................................................ 14

3.2 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage ...................................................... 15

3.2.1 Marsh Success Evaluation ............................................................ 15

3.3 Forage Fish Access/Presence .................................................................... 16 3.4 Topographic Survey ................................................................................... 17 3.5 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspection ............................................. 17

4.0 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ................................. 18

4.1 Adaptive Management Recommendations ................................................. 18

4.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park ................................................................... 18 4.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff ............................................................... 18

5.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 19



330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Site Locations

Figure 2. Strawberry Plant Park Riparian Baselines and Transects, Marsh Quadrats, and

Photo Point Locations

Figure 3. Pritchard Park East Bluff Riparian Baseline and Transects, Forage Fish Survey

Transects, and Photo Point Locations

Figure 4. Transect 1 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grainsize Distribution Curve – December 2012

Figure 5. Transect 2 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grainsize Distribution Curve – December 2012

Figure 6. Transect 1 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grainsize Distribution Curve – January 2013

Figure 7. Transect 2 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grainsize Distribution Curve – January 2013

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects

Table 2. Strawberry Plant Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects

Table 3. Pritchard Park Canopy Cover on Riparian Transects

Table 4. Pritchard Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects

Table 5. Strawberry Plant Park Percent Coverage on Marsh Quadrats

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendices are provided on CD, located at the inside back cover of this report.

Appendix A. Riparian Information

Appendix B. Marsh Information

Appendix C. Forage Fish Information

Appendix D. Photo Point Information



330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page v

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

City City of Bainbridge Island

GPS Global Positioning System

Ridolfi RIDOLFI Inc.

monitoring program City of Bainbridge Island Shoreline Restoration Monitoring Program

MLLW Mean Lower Low Water

NRDA Natural Resource Damage Assessment

PVC polyvinyl chloride

Sites Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration

Projects

Trustees Elliott Bay Trustee Council

WDFW Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife



330A_Bainbridge Mon Results_130327.docx May 2013 Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This monitoring results report has been prepared on behalf of the City of Bainbridge Island (the

City) to provide a summary of the results of Year 1 (2012/2013) monitoring at the Strawberry

Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project sites [Figure 1; (the Sites)]. The

Sites, managed by the City, were identified for habitat restoration efforts by the Elliott Bay

Trustee Council (Trustees)1. The Trustees received funds for the projects to restore natural

resources injured by hazardous substances released from the Wyckoff facility in Eagle Harbor.

The restoration projects were designed to restore key habitats at the Sites including riparian,

marsh, intertidal flats, and forage fish spawning beaches. These restored habitats are intended

to support a variety of plants and animals, and in particular to provide beneficial habitat for

juvenile salmonids, forage fish and other migratory and resident fish species, as well as shore

birds and other wildlife. Restoration activities were completed at the Sites in 2011, and the City,

in collaboration with the Trustees, developed a long-term monitoring program to guide

monitoring activities to evaluate the Sites and to inform adaptive management efforts at the

Sites.

The long-term monitoring program will occur over a ten year period with monitoring events

scheduled for Years 1,2,3,5, 7, and 10. Year 1 monitoring results serve as the baseline against

which all other monitoring events conducted over the 10-year program will be compared. Based

on the results of Years 1, 2, and 3, monitoring activities for Years 5, 7, and 10 may be modified.

This Year 1 monitoring results report presents findings for the first year of monitoring and the

resulting adaptive management recommendations.

1.1 Project Objectives

The purpose of this monitoring effort was to satisfy the objectives of the long-term monitoring

program for the Strawberry Plant Park and the Pritchard Park East Bluff shoreline restoration

projects. The long-term monitoring program includes physical and biological monitoring to

evaluate site conditions and effectiveness of those conditions in meeting the original intent of

restoration objectives for the Sites. The objectives of the monitoring efforts described in the

monitoring plan were developed in part by referencing the Commencement Bay Natural

Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) Monitoring Program (CB Trustees, 2000). Those

objectives are presented here and are the basis for the monitoring plan for the Sites:

1 The Elliott Bay Trustee Council (Trustees) includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of the Interior (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), the

Suquamish Tribe, and the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe.




Measure the success of the restoration efforts

Identify adaptive management measures that may be beneficial at the Sites

Address monitoring requirements specified by permitting agencies

Serve as an outreach tool to disseminate project information to stakeholders

To meet these objectives, this monitoring report describes the Year 1 (2012/2013) monitoring

activities and field work, assesses progress toward meeting the success criteria, and

recommends adjustments (adaptive management) for future monitoring years.

1.2 Background Information on the Sites

1.2.1 Strawberry Plant Park

The Strawberry Plant Park site is in the southern portion of Section 27, Township 25 North,

Range 2 East (Figure 1). The Strawberry Plant Park site is located at 240 Weaver Road,

Bainbridge Island, WA 98110. The Strawberry Plant Park site is situated on the northern shore

of Eagle Harbor, on a parcel owned by the City of Bainbridge Island, with a parcel ID number of

27250240062000. The parcel size totals 3.9 acres.

The Strawberry Plant Park Restoration Project is intended to create salt marsh habitat from

approximately +10 to +13 feet mean lower low water (MLLW) and riparian buffer habitat from

approximately +13 feet and greater MLLW to benefit juvenile salmonids and other species

(Figure 2).

The project will improve habitat for juvenile salmonids and forage fish by increasing areas for

rearing and foraging, as well as by enhancing conditions for important prey resources, such as

resident fish and terrestrial insects. Revegetation of the area with native plants will provide

wildlife habitat for insects, small mammals, and migratory waterfowl and shorebirds. The

proposed project will also provide a link between other restoration projects in the Eagle Harbor

area.

1.2.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff

The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is located in the eastern region of Section 36, Township 25

North, Range 2 East (Figure 1). The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is located at 5300 Creosote

Place N.E., Bainbridge Island, WA 98110. The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is situated on

shore of the Puget Sound, and appears to include portions of several tax parcels. The majority

of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site is encompassed by parcel ID 35250210342002, owned by

the City of Bainbridge Island. This parcel has a total acreage of 22.96 acres, although the

restored portion of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site itself is approximately 2.2 acres in size.




The Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project is intended to create riparian buffer habitat

from approximately +13 to +18 feet MLLW including the upland areas of the property to benefit

juvenile salmonids, forage fish and other species (Figure 3).

Below +13 MLLW, a pocket beach was created to provide intertidal habitat for salmonids and

spawning areas for forage fish. The project will improve habitat for juvenile salmonids and

forage fish by increasing areas for rearing and foraging, as well as by enhancing conditions for

important prey resources, such as resident fish and terrestrial insects. Revegetation of the area

with native plants will provide wildlife habitat for insects, small mammals, and migratory

waterfowl and shorebirds. The proposed project will also provide a link between other

restoration projects in the Eagle Harbor area.




2.0 METHODS

This section describes the methods that were used to monitor the physical and biological

success of the restoration sites. A summary of the primary objectives and methods for each of

the monitoring tasks is provided in the following sections of this results report. The primary

objectives were developed in part by referencing the Commencement Bay NRDA Restoration

Monitoring Program (CB Trustees, 2000). More specific information on monitoring methods is

provided in the monitoring plan developed for the Sites (Ridolfi, 2012).

Year 1 monitoring results serve as the baseline against which all other monitoring events

conducted over the 10-year monitoring program will be compared. The monitoring plan was

developed to include the first three years of monitoring. This annual monitoring report is the first

of three that will be produced for each monitoring year. The Year 3 monitoring report will

include a recommendation for continued monitoring based on progress toward the Year 10

goals as outlined in this monitoring plan. Based on the results of Years 1, 2, and 3, monitoring

activities in Years 5, 7, and 10 may be modified.

Vegetation monitoring was conducted in late summer/early fall 2012. Topographic surveys

were conducted by the City in late summer/early fall 2012. Forage fish beach surveys were

conducted between the months of November and January at the appropriate tide. Photo point

monitoring and visual observations were conducted d in late summer/early fall in conjunction

with the vegetation monitoring, and were repeated in late January 2013.

2.1 Biological Success Criteria

2.1.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage

Primary objective: Percent cover of native trees, shrubs, herbs, and other riparian

vegetation should be stable or increasing over time, and cover not less than 90 percent

of the upland vegetated area of the project after 10 years. Invasive plant coverage

should be minimal; species of special concern include Rubus procerus (Himalayan

blackberry), Cystisus scoparius (Scot’s broom), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese

knotweed), and Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) (CB Trustees, 2000).

In this task, the percent cover of riparian vegetation was measured at both Sites in early

October. This was done using the line intercept sampling method to measure crown cover,

species dominance, and canopy structure. Groundcover was estimated using mean visual

estimates from two quadrats (Elzinga et al., 1998).




At each Site, 45-foot transects approximately 100 feet apart were permanently marked relative

to a baseline. A total of seven transects were marked at the Strawberry Plant Park site

(Figure 2) and a total of seven transects were marked at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site

(Figure 3).

For the Strawberry Plant Park site, two baselines were formed by the lawn-like meadow that

borders the site to the north and by the gravel path that bisects the eastern portions of the site

(Figure 2). The meadow baseline is approximately 300 feet long and begins at the northwest

corner of the meadow, continuing south along the meadow before turning at the southwest

corner of the meadow where it continues east across the site and stops at the intersection of the

gravel path. The gravel path baseline is approximately 200 feet long and begins at the

southeast corner of the parking lot, continuing generally south across the site and stopping just

south of a park bench (Figure 2).

For the Pritchard Park East Bluff site, one baseline, approximately 600 feet in length, is formed

by the asphalt and gravel path that borders the site to the west. The baseline begins at the

southern end of the asphalt path in the vicinity of the southern parking area and continues north

along the path before turning south and stopping near the large tree and water viewing area

(Figure 3).

For both the Sites, random sampling locations were generated using an automated process

within Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In some instances, the results of the

randomly selected transects were altered to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the site. The

approach began with the generation of a 1x1-meter grid for both sites, with each cell being

assigned both a unique numerical id and habitat type value (e.g. riparian, marsh, etc.). This grid

serves as an input for both the generation of randomly selected marsh quadrats as well as

riparian transects.

For each site, each permanent 45-foot transect generally follows contour running parallel to the

baseline. Transect locations were established randomly between the baseline and the lowest

point of the upland riparian area (above +13 feet MLLW) to measure crown cover and

groundcover. Each transect was considered a single observation. Crown cover was measured

along each of the transects. To measure groundcover, two 2- by 0.5-meter quadrats were

placed on the bayside of each transect at the 15- and 30-foot marks.

The transects were established during the October 2012 monitoring events. For the Strawberry

Plant Park site, a map depicting the locations of the two baselines and transects is provided in

Figure 2. For the Pritchard Park East Bluff site, a map depicting the locations of the baseline

and transects is provided in Figure 3. Appendix A provides the distance along the baselines

and the distance of the offset from the baseline for the first and last point of each transect.




A GPS unit and a measuring tape were used to set the transects. Plastic stakes were inserted

along the baselines to permanently mark the 100 foot offset transects. Once the baseline and

100 foot marks along the baseline were established, a measuring tape was used to set the 45

foot transects. Each 45 foot transect was permanently marked at the beginning and end with

wooden stakes and flagging. The wooden stake marking the beginning was painted blue and

the wooden stake marking the end was painted red. A permanent marker was used to label

flagging with an identification number at each beginning point (e.g., Transect 1 = T-1). The

hand-measured distances and recorded survey points were used to create a map for this

monitoring event and to use as an aid for locating transects during subsequent monitoring

events (Figures 2 and 3; Appendix A).

2.1.1.1 Crown Cover

The line intercept sampling method was used to measure percent crown cover of woody

species (Ridolfi, 2012). Crown cover was measured along each transect using a measuring

tape. Only the canopy of woody species was measured. A measuring tape was extended 45

feet along contour from the first rebar of the transect to the end rebar of the transect. A field

team member walked along the landward side of the tape until coming to a woody species.

Each woody species that was encountered along the transect had its canopy measured at the

start point and the end point of where its dripline or overhang intersected the transect. If two or

more woody species overlapped along the transect, they were measured as one unit. Each

woody species encountered along the transect was identified to species. To estimate the

percent canopy cover for each transect, the lengths of the individual canopy intercepts were

added and then divided by 45 feet. The percent canopy cover was calculated by averaging the

canopy cover measured for each transect.

2.1.1.2 Groundcover

Percent groundcover was visually estimated from two quadrats placed at the 15- and 30-foot

mark of each transect (Ridolfi, 2012). A measuring tape was used to find the appropriate

sample points. Measurements started at the first rebar marker of each transect. A quadrat

template constructed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe measuring 2 meters long by 0.5 meter

wide was placed on the bayside of each transect at the 15- and 30-foot mark. Each quadrat

was situated so that the corner of the quadrat closest to the first rebar marker was touching the

sample point with the remainder of the quadrat extended towards the end point of the transect.

Each quadrat was subdivided into four grids measuring 0.5 meter by 0.5 meter. Percent

coverage of living and non-living groundcover plants present within the grids was visually

estimated along with the percent of non-plant cover (leaf litter, moss, mulch, large wood, and

detritus) and bare ground to determine the percent cover for each quadrat. Woody, native, and

invasives were identified to species. Estimations for each of the three classes (plant, non-plant,

and bare ground) were totaled and averaged to determine percent groundcover.




2.1.2 Data Analysis

Crown Cover

There are seven random riparian transects sampled at both the Strawberry Park and Pritchard

Sites. For each species, the average cover for the site is given by

7

7

1

i

ic

c ,

Where ci is the percent cover for transect i.

Most species were not observed at most sites, so the distributions of individual species is

assumed to be zero-modified log-normal distribution, with unbiased mean estimates and

confidence intervals estimated as for marsh quadrats (Section 2.1.4). Some subtotals of

species (e.g., total native shrubs at Strawberry Park) also had a strong skew and were also

assumed to have zero-modified log-normal distribution.

The total native cover and total cover at both sites and several subtotal cover categories had a

more symmetric distribution (e.g., the mean and median are similar). Therefore, we have

assumed that the distribution of the mean percent cover for these categories is approximately

normal, and the confidence intervals are given by:

7)6,10(.

stc ,

Where the standard deviation is given by:

6

)(2

7

1

i

i cc

s .

Confidence intervals are not given for species with fewer than 3 non-zero values.

Groundcover

There were two quadrats on each riparian transect which were visually sampled for total percent

plant and non-plant cover, as well as for bare ground. Since the random samples were the

transects (i.e., not quadrats), the results for the two quadrats were averaged to get one

groundcover result for each transect. As for marsh and riparian canopy, two distributional

assumptions were used to estimate mean percent cover and confidence intervals depending

upon the number of zeros and the symmetry of the observed cover results among transects.

The parameter estimates are as given above for the two distributions.




2.1.3 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage

Primary objective: The percent cover of vegetation should be stable or increasing within

portions of the project within elevations suitable to marsh establishment (CB Trustees,

2000).

In this task, percent cover of marsh vegetation at the Strawberry Plant Park site was estimated

using mean visual estimates from 25 quadrats (Elzinga et al., 1998). The percent cover of

marsh vegetation was measured from randomly selected sampling points within the marsh

habitat area. Sampling was conducted in early October 2012. Quadrat templates constructed

with PVC pipe measuring 0.5 meter by 0.5 meter were placed at random locations within the

salt marsh area between +10 to +13 feet MLLW. The purpose for randomly positioning the

quadrats was to make sure the sampling is not biased toward lower or upper marsh habitat.

The sampling points were established and permanently marked with a wooden stake during the

first monitoring event. Each permanent point at the Site was entered into a GPS unit with a

horizontal accuracy of approximately 1 meter. This information was used to create a map for

future monitoring events. The locations for each quadrat are shown on Figure 2 and

Appendix B provides additional information for the location of each marsh quadrat.

Percent coverage of each plant species present within each quadrat was visually estimated

along with the percent of non-plant cover and bare ground to determine the percent cover for

each quadrat. Native and invasive taxa were identified to species. Non-plant cover was

classified as large wood, litter, moss, or soil. Estimations for each class (plant, non-plant, and

bare ground) were totaled and averaged to determine percent cover of marsh vegetation for

each quadrat and the Sites.

2.1.4 Data Analysis

The marsh boundary area at the Strawberry Park site was approximately 0.33 acres. Twenty-

five quadrats (0.5 x 0.5 m) were randomly placed within the boundary area and sampled for

percent cover of native and non-native marsh species. Because there are many quadrats with

zero cover for particular species and the distribution of percent cover tends to be skewed (and

can exceed 100 percent), we have assumed the distribution of percent cover among quadrats is

zero-modified log-normal distribution. The estimate of mean cover for a species at the site is:

)2

exp(*)ˆ1(ˆ2ys

ypC

where :

nrp /ˆ ,

r = The number of zero quadrats,

n = The number of sampled quadrats, i = 1,…, n,




)/(1

rnyyrn

i

i

,

)ln( ii cy ,

ci = total percent cover for quadrat i

)1(

)(1

2

2

rn

yy

s

rn

i

i

y .

Note that y and 2

ys are the sample mean and variance of the non-zero quadrat cover estimates.

An approximate 90 percent confidence interval is given by:

)ˆr(av*ˆ)2(),2(10. CtC n ,

where:

2

2)1()2exp(

1)ˆr(av

422 yyy

ssppsy

nC ,

the asymptotic variance estimate (Owen and DeRouen, 1980).

2.1.5 Forage Fish Access/Presence

Primary objective; Forage fish will access the project with increasing utilization for

spawning. Forage fish egg presence within the project should be comparable to that of

appropriate reference sites at the end of 10 years (adapted from CB Trustees, 2000).

This task was performed at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. For Year 1, the surveys occurred

during an event in November 2012 and another in January 2013 at the appropriate tide. Survey

crews followed the protocols outlined by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife

(WDFW), provided in the monitoring plan (Ridolfi, 2012).

During each event, two 100-foot transects were surveyed for forage fish (Figure 3). One

transect, designated for the identification of surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus), occurred

between +7 and +9 feet above the MLLW mark. A second transect, designated for the

identification of Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), occurred between +5 and +8 feet

MLLW. A map depicting the locations of the transects is provided in Figure 3. Appendix C

provides additional information for the location of each transect.




Samples were collected every 25 feet along each transect for a total of four samples per

transect. Sediment was surveyed and analyzed for grain size using standard stacked sieves.

The presence of sand lance and surf smelt eggs was evaluated by viewing the sediment

samples through a dissecting scope. Egg samples were sent to WDFW for quality

control/quality assurance of species identification. The survey work was done under a Scientific

Collection Permit that is obtained annually, prior to each year’s first monitoring event.

2.2 Physical Success Criteria

2.2.1 Elevation and Morphology

Primary objective: No evidence of erosion that threatens restoration project goals,

property, infrastructure, or is otherwise unacceptable is observed after a period of initial

site stabilization (CB Trustees, 2000).

The City performed topographic surveying at each site based on guidance provided by Ridolfi.

At each site, the surveyor established five to eight transects by installing stakes in the riparian

zone. They then shot profiles perpendicular to the shoreline from each stake, measuring

elevations at approximately 10-foot intervals or where there was a noticeable break in slope.

The survey was conducted so that horizontal accuracy was +/- 0.1 feet, and vertical accuracy

was +/- 0.05 feet. To evaluate elevations and morphology in subsequent years, the transects

will be reoccupied beginning at the stakes installed this year. The deliverable for this task will

be cross-section plots showing elevation profiles for the different monitoring events. The

deliverable will be provided to support evaluation of both Sites’ physical structure for

subsequent Annual Monitoring reports.

2.2.2 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspections

Primary objective: Photo point monitoring will be conducted to monitor changes in plant

cover, invasives, species composition, and disturbances in the riparian and salt marsh

vegetation habitat at the Site (CB Trustees, 2000).

Photo point monitoring was conducted at both Sites in conjunction with the vegetation

monitoring, and a second event occurred in conjunction with forage fish surveys. For the

Strawberry Park Plant site, six photo points were established at approximately +13 feet MLLW

in the riparian and salt marsh habitat transition zone (Figure 2). For the Pritchard Park East

Bluff site, five photo points were established along the asphalt and gravel path and at

approximately +13 feet MLLW in the riparian and forage fish beach habitat transition zone

(Figure 3). Placing the photo points in front of the riparian zone ensured that photographs were

not blocked by foliage in the later years of the monitoring program. Photo point locations were

established during the first scheduled monitoring event and were permanently marked with a

wooden stake. Each permanent photo point was entered into a GPS unit with a horizontal




accuracy of one meter or better. This information was used to create a map showing the photo

point locations for future monitoring events. Appendix D provides additional information for the

location of each photo point.

At each photo point, a field team member took a series of photographs in a full circle so that the

entire site was represented. A digital camera with a minimum resolution of 2200 x 1704 pixels

or 4 megapixels was used for the photography. Photographs were taken at the highest

resolution. A photo log was filled out for each monitoring event. Data recorded included names

of field personnel, date, weather, camera make and model. For each photograph taken, the

following information was recorded: photo point identification number, orientation, and a caption

describing the picture.

Monitoring staff also made observations regarding general site conditions. These observations

included presence of erosional features, prevalence of dead or dying plants, accumulation of

trash or flotsam, indications of vandalism, or signs of animal use or grazing of vegetation.




3.0 MONITORING RESULTS

This section describes monitoring results for Year 1 (2012/2013). Ridolfi performed riparian and

marsh vegetation monitoring, forage fish spawning surveys, and photo point monitoring at the

Site. Statistical analysis for riparian and marsh vegetation was performed by R2 Resource

Consultants, Inc. The City performed topographical surveys at the Sites. Biological and

physical observations were recorded on data forms in the field and then entered into a database

developed for the project. Ridolfi personnel performed the data entry and spot-checked entries

for quality control. The database was queried to generate the site-specific summary tables

discussed in this section. Year 1 (2012/2013) was the first year that the newly constructed Sites

were sampled. The results from Year 1 will serve as baseline information for the Sites.

The sampling methods functioned as intended and were conducted as described in Section 2.0.

Statistical analyses were conducted as described in Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.4. Figures 2 and 3

shows the points of interest at both Sites including the riparian baselines, riparian transects,

marsh quadrats, forage fish survey transects, and photo point monitoring locations. Appendix A

through D provides additional information for the riparian, marsh, forage fish survey, and photo

point monitoring activities, respectively.

3.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage

The Sites were sampled for riparian vegetation and areal coverage in early October 2012.

Percent cover of tree and shrub species and of non-native or invasive (NNI) vegetation were

measured from seven line intercept transects located within the riparian area of both Sites

(Figure 2 and 3). Additionally, groundcover was evaluated at two points along each of the

riparian transects to measure native and NNI species, bare ground, and non-plant matter.

Table 1 shows the results for the Strawberry Plant Park Site for the riparian crown cover

including the number of transects with non-cover, average percent cover, and 90 percent

confidence intervals calculated by species from the data. Table 2 shows the results for the

Strawberry Plant Park for the riparian groundcover including number of transects with plants

observed, the average percent cover, and the 90CIs calculated by plant species and other non-

plant matter from the data. Tables 3 and 4 show results for the parameters above for the

Pritchard Park East Bluff Park Site. Appendix B provides the raw data for riparian crown cover

and riparian groundcover for both Sites.

3.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park Site

Crown Cover

Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, the riparian data for the Site were

tabulated and evaluated as shown in Table 1. Statistical analysis indicates a mean crown cover




of 11 percent native shrubs, 17 percent native trees, and 0 percent NNI species. A total of 13

native plants were observed along the seven transects; five shrub species and eight tree

species. The dominant native tree and native shrub species were red alder and Nootka rose,

respectively. However, all species were sparse and many had died primarily due to lack of

water.

Groundcover

Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.4, groundcover data for the Site were

tabulated and evaluated at two points along each of the riparian transects. The groundcover

results are shown in Table 2. Statistical analysis indicates a mean groundcover of 21 percent

plant species (native and NNI), 7.5 percent non-plant matter, and 13 percent bareground. A mix

of herbaceous, shrub, and graminoid or grass species were observed along the transects; five

native species, and seven NNI species. Native species included willowherb, kinnikinnick,

Oregon grape, common snowberry, and common rush. NNI species included aster,

broadleaved pepperweed, common St. John’s wort, Queen Anne’s lace, white clover,

Himalayan blackberry, and unclassified grasses. Non-plant matter included a log and rocks and

cobble.

3.1.1.1 Riparian Success Evaluation

Under the primary objective for riparian vegetation, restoration of the riparian zone is considered

successful if the percent cover of shrubs and trees is stable or increasing over time.

Additionally by Year 5, the shrub and tree areal cover should exceed 50 percent and 40 percent,

respectively; and the bare ground and NNI cover should be less than 10 percent and 5 percent,

respectively.

The analysis shows that the shrub and tree cover criterion is not being met at the Site (Table 1).

For crown canopy there were no NNI sampled. However, NNI species were observed in the

groundcover quadrats along the transects; therefore the NNI criterion for the Site is partially

met. The majority of the ground surface in the upland areas is covered with native and NNI

plants or non-plant matter (Table 2). Because the Site was only restored one year prior to

monitoring, a large amount of mulch is still present and the bare ground criterion is not being

met.

The irrigation system at the Site appears to not be used on a regular basis or is not working,

resulting in many plants dying due to lack of water. Additionally, the Site was thick with

willowherb, unclassified grasses, and Scot’s broom, which were covering and crowding out the

newly planted native plants. In early winter, after the monitoring event, the Site was weeded

and mulched and several new native plants were planted in areas throughout the Site. Similar

maintenance efforts will be conducted over the next few winters.




In summary, the performance of the riparian vegetation as defined in Section 2.0 is not being

met at the Site. However, whether the percent cover of riparian vegetation is remaining stable

or increasing over time cannot be assessed based on a single year of monitoring.

3.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff site

Crown Cover

Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, the riparian data for the Site were

tabulated and evaluated as shown in Table 3. Statistical analysis indicates a mean crown cover

of 6.9 percent native shrubs, 2.7 percent native trees, and 0 percent NNI species. A total of 13

native plants were observed along the seven transects; seven shrub species and six tree

species. The dominant native shrub species were snowberry and oceanspray. The dominant

tree species was red alder. However, all species were sparse and many had died primarily due

to lack of water.

Groundcover

Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.4, groundcover data for the Site were

tabulated and evaluated at two points along each of the riparian transects. The groundcover

results are shown in Table 4. Statistical analysis indicates a mean groundcover of 17 percent

plant species (native and NNI), 0 percent non-plant matter, and 40 percent bareground. A mix

of herbaceous, shrub, and graminoid or grass species were observed along the transects; two

native species and nine NNI species. Native species included willowherb and a few big leaf

maple seedlings. NNI species included butterfly bush, English ivy, broadleaved pepperweed,

Canadian thistle, vetch, foxglove, white clover, common plantain, Himalayan blackberry, and

unclassified grasses. Bare ground was generally covered in mulch or detrital plant matter.

3.1.2.1 Riparian Success Evaluation

Under the primary objective for riparian vegetation, restoration of the riparian zone is considered

successful if the percent cover of shrubs and trees is stable or increasing over time. Additionally

by Year 5, the shrub and tree areal cover should exceed 50 percent and 40 percent,

respectively; and the bare ground and NNI cover should be less than 10 percent and 5 percent,

respectively.

The analysis shows that the shrub and tree cover criterion is not being met at the Site (Table 3).

For crown canopy there were no NNI sampled. However, numerous NNI species were

observed in the groundcover quadrats along the transects; therefore the NNI criterion for the

Site is partially met. The majority of the ground surface in the upland areas is covered with

native and NNI plants (Table 4). Because of the newness of the Site, a large amount of mulch

is still present and the bare ground criterion is not being met.




The irrigation system at the Site has been severally damaged due to erosion and wave action,

resulting in many plants dying due to lack of water. Additionally, the Site was thick with

willowherb, unclassified grasses, and Scot’s broom and other NNI species mentioned above,

which were covering and crowding out the newly planted native plants. In late winter, after the

monitoring event, the Site was weeded and mulched and several new native plants were

planted in areas throughout the Site. Similar maintenance efforts will be conducted over the

next few winters.

In summary, the performance of the riparian vegetation as defined in Section 2.0 is not being

met at the Site. However, whether the percent cover of riparian vegetation is remaining stable

or increasing over time cannot be assessed based on a single year of monitoring.

3.2 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage

The Site was successfully sampled for marsh plant development and species composition.

Sampling occurred in early October 2012 during low tide. A total of 25 quadrats were sampled.

Marsh quadrat locations are shown on Figure 2. Table 5 provides a summary of monitoring

results for each quadrat. Appendix B provides the raw data and photos of each sampled

quadrat to use for comparison to future monitoring events.

Of the 25 marsh quadrats sampled at the Site, only two quadrats were void of vegetation in

Year 1. Eight native plant species were identified. Three NNI species were observed in four of

the quadrats. Native species represented approximately 75 percent average cover in Year 1,

while NNI species represented 11 percent cover and the remainder of the ground was bare.

The most prevalent native species observed, based on the average unbiased cover estimate,

was pickleweed at 28 percent (Table 5). Pickleweed was thick and robust throughout the marsh

area. The next two most frequently observed species were fat-hen saltbush and fleshy jaumea.

3.2.1 Marsh Success Evaluation

According to the primary objective for marsh plant development and species composition,

success at the Site is evaluated by percent cover of native marsh plant species that remains

stable or increases over time and whether percent cover of NNI species is less than 5 percent.

Based on the Year 1 monitoring, marsh development for percent cover of native plant species is

being met, primarily due the robust presence of pickleweed and seven other marsh vegetation

over the majority of the Site. The percent cover for NNI species was 11 percent, above the

target of 5 percent. The NNI species were observed in 4 out of 25 quadrats and consisted of

white clover, broadleaf pepperweed, and unclassified grasses (Table 5). However, whether the

percent cover of native marsh plant species is remaining stable or increasing over time cannot

be assessed based on a single year of monitoring.




3.3 Forage Fish Access/Presence

Grain size analysis using standard stacked sieves was performed on beach substrate collected

from two transects at Pritchard Park East Bluff between +7 and +9 feet above the MLLW

elevation in December 2012 and January 2013. Grain size analysis of the four samples found

the following:

Sand, ranging in size from 0.125 millimeters (mm) to 2 mm, made up between

approximately 85 and 88 percent of the first 3 samples by mass. The final transect

sample collected in January 2013 had only 66 percent sand by mass.

Virtually no silt-sized or finer material was present in any sample.

Gravel, ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm or larger in diameter made up between

approximately 7 and 13 percent in the first 3 samples by mass. The final transect

sample collected in January 2013 had a greater percentage of coarse gravel (>4 mm)

than previous samples.

In general, the distribution of sand-sized material was very uniform for both samples

collected in December 2012. Samples collected in January 2013 had less fine sand

than their December counterparts.

Grain size distribution curves for each transect in the +7 to +9 feet elevation range are

presented in Figures 4 through 7. Grain size distributions for surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus)

fall almost exclusively within the range of 1 to 10 mm in diameter (95 percent of samples by

weight). Samples from the Site in the target tidal range contain between approximately 66 and

88 percent material in the 0.125 mm to 2 mm size range and between 7 and 33 percent material

coarser than 2 mm. These distributions generally indicate that the beach substrate at the Site is

finer than is optimum for surf smelt spawning.

Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) grain size distributions identified by Pentilla (2012)

included 67 percent of sampled material falling between 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm diameter, and 25

percent of sampled material falling between 1 and 7 mm diameter. Observation of the sand

lance spawning elevations between +5 and +8 feet above MLLW at Prichard Park found that

this elevation range was populated with material that was generally much coarser than the

7 mm upper limit identified by Pentilla, forming a layer of armor over the lower beach

(Appendix C). The observed material was sufficiently coarse that it did not appear possible for

sand lance to spawn within this elevation range.

These results indicate that it may be possible for surf smelt to spawn in the +7 to +9 feet

elevation range, but that the current substrate does not match preferred spawning conditions for

sand lance in the +5 to +8 feet elevation range.




3.4 Topographic Survey

The City performed a topographic survey of the Site in conjunction with the riparian and marsh

vegetation monitoring in early October 2012. The results of the survey are still pending and will

be compared with the design configuration or as-built drawings for each Site at a later date.

The results from the Year 1 survey will also serve as the baseline for comparison to all future

surveys.

3.5 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspection

Photo point monitoring was conducted in early October 2012 in conjunction with the riparian and

marsh vegetation monitoring and again in January. Six photo points at Strawberry Plant Park

site and five photo points were established at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. Locations for

the photo points are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The photo points were placed in front of the

riparian zone to ensure that photos will not be blocked by foliage in the later years of the

monitoring program. The photo points established in this Year 1 will serve as the baseline for all

future monitoring. Appendix D includes the photos and photo log from this Year 1 event.

Monitoring personnel also made observations regarding general conditions at both Sites. As

stated above, both Sites are dry with several dying or dead plants. It is unclear if the irrigation

system at Strawberry Plant Park is in disrepair or is just not used. The irrigation system at

Pritchard Park East Bluff is severely damaged due to erosion and wave action.

Both Sites are also heavily infested with willowherb, unclassified grasses, and several NNI

species, which are crowding out young native plants planted during restoration activities.

However, a Volunteer Maintenance Day was held in early winter 2013 at Strawberry Plant Park

site and in late winter at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. The work efforts at both sites focused

on general cleanup, weeding, planting, and mulching.

The marsh area ringing the Strawberry Plant Park site is quite robust and healthy. However, the

goose exclusion fencing appeared to be hampering the growth of marsh vegetation outside of

the fence line and was subsequently removed during the Volunteer Maintenance Day. Litter at

both Sites was minimal and was generally found in the tidal wrack-line.

The lower elevations of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site are dominated with large cobbles. It

appears that the finer-grained (sand and gravel) beach substrate placed in the lower elevations

at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site to support sand lance spawning habitat has been

transported off site due to erosion and wave action. Further analyses of the topographical

survey and photos taken during construction are needed to determine if this has occurred. In

addition the riparian bank that originally sloped to the beach has been eroded and damaged due

to wave action which appears to have been quite significant during the winter months.




4.0 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Adaptive Management Recommendations

Based on the Year 1 monitoring results presented in this report, we have the following

recommendations:

4.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park





prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and black locust tree seedlings.

Remove invasive species in the western portion of the site not reached in the September

event, and in previously worked areas where they were missed or may have

reestablished.

Target weeding around the plantings throughout site to create a buffer and encourage

growth.


retain moisture.

Conduct supplemental planting in areas where high mortality has occurred.

Continue to mow the meadow area to control Scot’s broom seed source.

4.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff





prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and English ivy.

Target weeding around the plantings throughout the site to create a buffer and

encourage growth.


retain moisture. This work could be postponed until spring if budget and time constraints

occur.

Monitor erosion along riparian area bordering the beach.

Monitor grainsize of substrates in the pocket beach that was created to support forage

fish spawning habitat.




5.0 REFERENCES

Commencement Bay Natural Resource Trustees (Trustees). 2000. Commencement Bay

Natural Resource Damage Assessment Restoration Monitoring Plan. Prepared by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Interior and

the State of Washington.

Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and Monitoring Plant

Populations. U.S. Department of the Interior. July.

Pentilla, D. 2012. Forage Fish Spawning Substrate Sediment Grain-size Data for Cornet Bay

Beach Restoration Project. September 6 memorandum to Colin Wagoner.

RIDOLFI Inc. (Ridolfi). 2012. Monitoring Plan for the Strawberry Plant park and Pritchard Park

East Bluff Restoration Projects, Bainbridge Island, Washington. Prepared for the City of

Bainbridge. August.

FIGURES

Monitoring Results for the Strawberry Plant Parkand Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects

Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island

Figure 1March 2013

Site Locations

Strawberry Plant Park(Weaver Road NW)

Pritchard ParkEast Bluff(Northeast OldCreosote Hill Road)

E A G L EH A R B O R

OLYMPI CD RIVE

SE

EAGLE HARBORDRIVE

NE EAGLE HARBOR DRIVE NE

WINSLOW WAY W

BAINBRIDGE ISLANDFERRY TERMINAL

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,and the GIS User Community

File Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report\Figure_1.mxd

SEATTLEBAINBRIDGE

ISLAND

PORTORCHARD

BREMERTON

EDMONDS

BURIEN

MAP EXEN T

± 0 1,000 2,000Feet

Figure 2March 2013Strawberry Plant Park

Riparian Baselines and Transects,Marsh Quadrats, and Photo Point Locations

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!( !( !(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

RIPARIANBASELINE

START

RIPARIANBASELINE

END

RIPARIANBASELINESTART

RIPARIANBASELINE

END

0'

100'200'

0'

100'

205'

294'

T-03 RB-02T-03 RB-01

T-02 RB-02

T-04 RB-01

T-02 R

B-01

T-01 RB-02

T-01 R

B-01

RB-02

RB-01

PP-03

PP-04

PP-05

PP-02

PP-01

PP-06

M-22

M-23

M-24

M-10

M-11M-15

M-13M-09M-02

M-16

M-08

M-07 M-06M-05

M-01

M-12

M-03 M-04

M-18M-17

M-20M-19M-14

M-21

M-25

File Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report\Figure_2_Strawberry_Park.mxd



Legend!( Marsh Quadrats

!( Photo PointsRiparian BaselineRiparian Transects ± 0 20 40

Feet

Figure 3March 2013Pritchard Park East Bluff

Riparian Baseline and Transects,Forage Fish Survey Transects, and

Photo Point LocationsFile Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report\Figure_3_Pritchard_Park.mxd

Legend!( Photo Points

Riparian BaselineRiparian TransectsForage Fish Survey Transects



± 0 20 40Feet

Units

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

May 2013Pritchard Park East Bluff Monitoring

Figure 4

Transect 1 (7-9 ft MLLW)

Grainsize Distribution Curve -

December 2012Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island

Very Fine Sand 0.063 - 0.125 0.0%

Coarse Silt & Fines <0.063 0.0%

Medium Sand 0.25 - 0.5 21.4%

Fine Sand 0.125 - 0.25 1.1%

Gravel 2 - 4 89.3%

Coarse Sand 0.5 - 2 64.3%

Grainsize Analysis Effective Diameter (mm) Percent Passing

Coarse Gravel >4 93.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124

Perc

en

t o

f S

am

ple

Passin

g

Grainsize in millimeters

Grain Size Distribution

Units

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

May 2013



December 2012

Figure 5

0.0%

Pritchard Park East Bluff Monitoring


Grainsize Analysis

Coarse Gravel

Gravel

Coarse Sand

Medium Sand

Fine Sand

Very Fine Sand

Coarse Silt & Fines

0.125 - 0.25

0.063 - 0.125

<0.063

3.5%

0.1%

Effective Diameter (mm)

>4

2 - 4

0.5 - 2

0.25 - 0.5

Percent Passing

94.5%

92.2%

74.7%

34.8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124

Perc

en

t o

f S

am

ple

Passin

g



Units

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

May 2013



Gravel 2 - 4 86.2%


Medium Sand 0.25 - 0.5 9.3%

Fine Sand 0.125 - 0.25 0.4%

Very Fine Sand 0.063 - 0.125 0.0%


Pritchard Park East Bluff MonitoringFigure 6



January 2013Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124

Perc

en

t o

f S

am

ple

Passin

g



Units

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

May 2013



Gravel 2 - 4 66.8%


Medium Sand 0.25 - 0.5 9.2%

Fine Sand 0.125 - 0.25 0.2%

Very Fine Sand 0.063 - 0.125 0.0%


Pritchard Park East Bluff MonitoringFigure 7



January 2013Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124

Perc

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Passin

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TABLES

Table 1. Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects

Cover

Class Common Name

Plant

Scientific Name

Number of

Transects

with non-

zero cover

(out of 7)

Average

% Cover

Median %

Cover

Distributional

Assumption for

Estimating

Mean

Unbiased

Mean

Estimate

% Cover

Lower

90% CL

Upper

90% CL

Native

kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1 2.0 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

lupine Lupinus sp. 1 0.032 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

tall Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium 1 0.010 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 3 1.8 0 ZMLN 2.9 0 11

red elderberry Sambucus racemosa 1 0.16 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Total Native Shrubs 6 3.9 1.2 ZMLN 11 0 35

red alder Alnus rubra 4 2.5 0.15 ZMLN 4.2 0 19

madrone Arbutus menziesii 1 0.17 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera 1 0.43 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 1 1.1 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

cascara Rhamnus purshiana 1 0.36 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Pacific willow Salix lasiandra 1 0.08 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 2 0.39 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Western red cedar Thuja plicata 2 0.22 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Total Native Trees 5 5.3 0.54 ZMLN 17 0 74

Total Native Species 7 9.2 9.6 N 9.2 2.4 16

Total All Species 7 9.2 9.6 N 9.2 2.4 16

Notes:

ZMLN=Zero-modified lognormal distribution; N=normal distribution

n/a=not available

Shrubs

Trees

Tables.xlsx


Strawberry Plant Park and

Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects

May 2013 Page 1 of 5

Table 2. Strawberry Plant Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects

Type of

Species Cover Class Common Name Scientific Name

Number of

Transects

(out of 7) with

Species

Observed

Number of

Transects with

Non-Zero Cover

Distributional

Assumption for

Mean % Cover

Average

Percent

Cover

90%

Lower CL

90%

Upper CL

kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1

willowherb Epilobium sp. 7

common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus 1

tall Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium 1

Gram common rush Trifolium repens 1

aster Aster sp. 2

broadleaved pepperweed Lepidium latifolium 3

common St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum 1

Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota 1

white clover Trifolium repens 6

Shrub Himalayan blackberry Rubus discolor 2

Unclassified Gram Unclassified-grass 5

Log 1

Rock/Cobble 1

Bare Ground 4 ZMLN 13% 0% 40%

Note:

n/a=not available


n/a

12% 31%

Shrub

InvasiveHerb

21%

Non-Plant Cover 2 n/a 7.5% n/a

Plant Cover

Native

Herb

7 N

Tables.xlsx





Table 3. Pritchard Park Canopy Cover on Riparian Transects

Cover

Class Common Name

Plant

Scientific Name

Number of

Transects with

non-zero cover

(out of 7)

Average

% Cover

Median %

Cover

Distributional

Assumption

for Estimating

Mean

Unbiased

Mean

Estimate

% Cover

Lower

90% CL

Upper

90% CL

Native

kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1 0.89 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

salal Gaultheria shallon 1 0.26 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

oceanspray Holodiscus discolor 1 1.2 0.42 ZMLN 1.4 0 3.4

lupine Lupinus sp. 4 0.060 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 1 1.6 2.0 ZMLN 1.6 0.49 2.7

thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus 4 0.11 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus 1 2.8 2.1 ZMLN 3.0 0.48 5.5

Total Native Shrubs 6 6.9 8.1 N 6.9 4.4 9.4

grand fir Abies grandis 7 0.64 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

bigleaf maple Acer macrophyllum 1 1.0 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

redalder Alnus rubra 1 0.80 0.52 ZMLN 0.86 0 1.7

madrone Arbutus menziesii 4 0.079 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 1 0.15 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla 1 0.029 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Total Native Trees 1 2.7 2.5 N 2.7 0.63 4.8

Total Native Species 5 9.6 8.1 N 9.6 6.1 13

Total All Species 7 9.6 8.1 N 9.6 6.1 13

Notes:


n/a=not available

Shrubs

Trees

Tables.xlsx





Table 4. Pritchard Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects

Type of

Species Cover Class Common Name Scientific Name

Number of

Transects

(out of 7) with

Species Observed

Number of

Transects with

non-zero cover

Distributional

Assumption for

Mean % Cover

Average

Percent

Cover

90% Lower

CL

90% Upper

CL

Herb willowherb Epilobium sp. 7

Tree bigleaf maple Acer macrophyllum 1

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense 1

common plantain Plantago major 1

foxglove Digitalis purpurea 1

white clover Trifolium repens 2

butterfly bush Buddleja davidii 2

Himalayan blackberry Rubus discolor 6

English ivy Hedera helix 2

vetch Vicia sp. 1

Unclassified Gram Unclassified-grass 7

Non-Plant Cover 0 n/a 0% n/a n/a

Bare Ground 7 N 40% 24% 56%

Notes:


n/a=not available

36%Invasive

Herb

Shrub

Vine

0%Plant Cover

Native

7 ZMLN 17%

Tables.xlsx





Table 5. Strawberry Plant Park Percent Coverage on Marsh Quadrats

Actual

Total

Canopy

(%)

Average

Quadrat

Canopy

Cover (%)

Frequency

(%)

Species

Composition

(%)

Lower

Bound

Upper

Bound

orache, fat-hen saltbush Atriplex patula 175 35.0 20 1.8 7.5 0.52 15

pickleweed Salicornia virginica 95.0 47.5 8.0 2.4 n/a n/a n/a

seaside plantain Plantago maritima 31.0 7.75 16 0.40 1.7 0 4.3

pickleweed Salicornia virginica 675 39.7 68 2.0 28 16 41

sandspurry Spergularia sp. 77.0 9.63 32 0.50 3.6 0 7.6

entire-leaved gumweed Grindelia integrifolia 75.0 18.8 16 1.0 6.0 0 21

orache, fat-hen saltbush Atriplex patula 265 44.2 24 2.3 14 0 30

seashore saltgrass Distichlis spicata 85.0 14.2 24 0.73 3.6 0.59 6.6

fleshy jaumea Jaumea carnosa 170 34.0 20 1.8 7.2 0.71 14

seaside arrow-grass Triglochin maritimum 15.0 7.50 8.0 0.39 n/a n/a n/a

Canopy Cover, Native 1663 258 13 75 49 100

white clover Trifolium repens 30.0 30.0 4.0 1.5 n/a n/a n/a

Unclassified-grass Unclassified-grass 150 50.0 12 2.6 6.1 0.11 12

broadleaved pepperweed Lepidium latifolium 98.0 98.0 4.0 5.0 n/a n/a n/a

Canopy Cover, NNI 278 98.0 5.0 11 1.7 21

TOTAL 1941 356 18 81 64 97

Proportion of non-native or invasive plants (%): 27.5% 14% 2.7% 22%Notes:

Species composition: Obtained by dividing the percent canopy cover of each plant species by the total canopy cover of all plant species.

90% Confidence

Non-Native or Invasive

Actual Total Canopy: Obtained by summing the percent cover of all quadrats on the transect.

Average Quadrat Canopy Cover: Obtained by dividing the total canopy by the total number of quadrats sampled on the transect.

Frequency: Obtained by dividing the number of occurrences of a plant species (the number of quadrats in which a plant species was

observed) by the total number of quadrats sampled along the transect.

Native

Common Name Scientific Name

Exact Method - Continuous Unbiased

Average

Quadrat

Canopy

Cover (%)

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