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KINGDOM OF MOROCCO
MINISTRY OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT
STRATEGY FOR SPATIAL PLANNING AND
RENEWAL OF URBAN POLICY:
THE SOFA OF CENTRAL METROPOLITAN AREA
STATE AND ORIENTATION OF THE SNAT
1. The national
territory is overall
structured around
poles of growth
essentially
consituted by
large cities: the
strategic nodes of
our economic
development
2. The poles of
growth are the
principal places for
wealth creation (2/3
of the national
output).
3. They are the main
engines of job creation
and the principal
source for financial
redistribution schemes.
Seven poles of growth
85% of the National
Growth Potential
The great challenge of
international
competitiveness will
mainly take place in
cities
-
-
STATE AND ORIENTATION OF THE SNAT4. – An urban system
with two main groups of
cities : The « economic »
Cities, net producers of
value that feed the
national budget and the
« State » Cities that have
the major function to
frame the territory and
that rely on the national
public budget
5. This division reflects
the national unity and
solidarity objectives with
the central state
operating territorial
redistribution, ensuring
spatial equity of basic
social conditions
6. But the long term
sustainibility of this
macro-economic urban
system appears to be
fragile.
Large risks of a break in this
situation due to imbalances
between real growth and
needed growth and public
financial means
Main signs of these breaks:
•Uncontrolled rapid urban growth (anarchical urban extentions, insufficient building stocks, proliferation of illegal housing, with delays in
equipments)
•Small cities that concentrate rural issues, medium-sized cities with unorganised neighbourhoods
•Metropolitan areas that are facing severe lack of public transport and real estate speculation which seriously impact on their development (the
case of Casablanca typically illustrates urban dynamism coupled with large dysfunctions, with an impact on the
economic efficency of cities and the overall competitiveness of Moroccan economy)
•Proliferation of pockets of poverty concentrated in some neighbourhods
•….
STATE AND ORIENTATION OF THE SNAT
STATE AND ORIENTATION OF THE SNAT
The overall
competitiveness will
depend on the capacity
of our cities to
produce growth
It is urgent that these motors of
growth experience a levelling
up, aimed first at economic
functions of cities
A major and historical reversal of the economic logic and an overall questioning
of practices and options of urban policy. The economic thinking is now based on
competitiveness which depends on global efficiency of the socio-economic system
and its environment
Which tools?
Which approaches? In
order to deal with
metropolisation and
international levelling up of
cities
•The main pole of growth is located
directly within the littoral area
(51% of GDP)
THE CASE OF THE CENTRAL METROPOLITAN AREA (CMA)
•Today, the CMA represents
25% of the national
population
•38 % of the urban
population,
• Generates the bulk of public
financial resources (67% of
fiscal revenues) and ensures
the national redistribution
•A new type of region
THE CMA IN FIGURES
•Need for a new approach to urban planning and
development
Upgrading Casablanca’s infrastructure and urbanisation: its
main issues are a combination of economic, socio, land use and
urban factors.
Deficiencies and dysfunctions should be tackled from an overall
perspective. The major planning issue of the CMA, and to the
overall country, starts in Casablanca
ASSESSMENT AND ORIENTATION
THREE ILLUSTRATIVE
CASES
-The land use map features a strange picture with a rapid increase of prices as of the periphery
-This creates an imbalance of land prices in relation to the income level of the majority of the population, implying a series of
cumulative perverse effects related to all aspects of urbanisation
The dysfunction of the land market impacts on Casablanca and the overall region and largely explains the
irrational aspect of the agglomeration
Hyper-densification over 150km2
•Illegal industrial and housing development
ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS OF THE SOFA
LAND USE SHAPES THE ORGANISATION OF THE CITY
and reflects the combination of 2 related phenomena: : over-densification and
physical sprawl on the one hand, and reinforcement of urban exclusion on the
other hand
ECONOMIC AND GOVERNANCE CRISIS
THROUGH THE LAND USE ISSUE
ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS OF THE SOFA
- Minimum annual wage is 23.000 DH and 67% of civil servants receive a wage of less than
-45.000 DH
- « Popular » income stands between 20.000 to 30.000 DH annually.
- The level for accessing « popular » housing is the double of minimum wage
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN 60% OF THE POPULATION
DOES NOT HAVE ACCESS TO THE MARKET?
Between different forms of
over-densification and slums
are a wide range of more less illegal
development stemming
from space constraints :
the issues are structural
ECONOMIC AND GOVERNANCE CRISIS
THROUGH THE LAND USE ISSUE
ASSESSMENT COMPONENTS OF THE SOFA
THE MAIN METROPOLITAN FUNCTIONS (business, financial activities, firms management and
business services) start from the core of Hassan II-Zerktouni towards the South-East (Anfa) and the
South along a classical axis oriented towards to the aiport
A growing trend
It just needs to be better organised
It is crucial de deal with the weaknesses of the
metropolitan area (catching up and
development of capacities for better
integration in the international economy)
This requires a synchronic and integrated
approach of three strategies:
functional strategy
spatial strategy
Transport strategy
NO SPATIAL DOCUMENT TODAY THAT
RESPONDS TO THESE CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
WHICH TOOLS?
THE SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL PLAN OF THE CENTRAL
METROPOLITAN AREA
It is a new planning document that raises the urban
development issues from the angle of economic development
it is not a descriptive document. It is a framework and
indicative document mainly aimed at ensuring public policy
coherence in relation to :
1) Morocco’s key asset: the CMA
2) National economic priorities decisions
3) Main challenges faced by the country.
It can be defined according to the scale, the content and the
procedure
• The appropriate scale for the CMA ranging from 15 000
et 20 000 is: 1/100.000é
• The spatial approach is based on three pillars: the
consolidated urban areas, the extended urban areas and
the peripheries, requiring more specific scales: 1/50.000é
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
THE SCALE
A Strategic Planning Document between
the SDAU (1/50.000) and the SRAT (1/200.000)
The relevant area is not the
administrative region
The area is defined by a
complex set of spatial relations
that stretches up to 240 Km
4 Sub-units
Rabat-Kénitra
The extension of the South
and South-West (El Jadida)
The Great Casablanca
The continental extensions
The area of the CMA
THE CONTENT
Both Spatial and financial
The spatial analysis•In addition to the traditional urban
functions (working, housing..) provide
advantage to the economic functions,
in particular metropolitan functions
The financial analysis •Based on the tension between the
demand and the offer of credits
related to the effective
implementation
for modernisation actions
Infrastructure
Transport
Public equipment
Housing
Land use
Productive activities
ServicesIdentification of dysfunctions and
definition of projects of upgrading
involving
Massive public financing
URBAN BASE ECONOMIC BASE
It is an exercice of spatial-planning integration
THE MAIN OPTIONS
CONDITIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
AN APPROPRIATE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK (closely linked to the institutional, financial,
and political environment and to the implementation process)
C’est Doubler l’effort en deux directions
-Think about the means to enhance relationships among main economic
development actors through a share allocation of responsibilities in order
to better articulate decentralisation and deconcentration.
•Provide a better visibility to the existing policies
•Ensure a better regulation of the different political administrative systems
-Adaptation et strengthening of capacity building of
actors responsible for city development strategies
-Know how development related to strategic planning, prospective et
and monitoring of the projects
PUBLIC ORGANISATION CAPACITY BUILDING