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Teaching Orthopaedic Surgery from my perspective
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Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Strategies to Teach Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsOrthopaedics
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Doctor = TeacherDoctor = Teacher??
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Where are our credentials to teach?Where are our credentials to teach?
4 years college4 years college 4 years medical school4 years medical school 5 years internship and residency5 years internship and residency 1 or 2 years fellowship1 or 2 years fellowship
0 0 minutesminutes learning to teach learning to teach
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Are we ineffective teachers?Are we ineffective teachers?
We tend to teach the We tend to teach the way we were taughtway we were taught
ABCDs of surgical ABCDs of surgical teaching:teaching:
AbuseAbuse BlameBlame CriticizeCriticize DumpDump ExhaustionExhaustion
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The effective teacher...The effective teacher...
……causes others to want what causes others to want what they have and are doing.they have and are doing.
……causescauses others to want what others to want what they have and are doing.they have and are doing.
……causescauses others to others to wantwant what what they have and are doing.they have and are doing.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
How we are taught changes...How we are taught changes...
Pre-adult learningPre-adult learning Classroom-orientedClassroom-oriented Teacher-focusedTeacher-focused Relevance Relevance
unnecessaryunnecessary FactsFacts Reward/punishment Reward/punishment
artificialartificial
Adult learningAdult learning Oriented towards Oriented towards
interesting or interesting or relevant materialrelevant material
Learner-focusedLearner-focused Used to solve real Used to solve real
problemsproblems Principles and Principles and
conceptsconcepts Benefit/risk realBenefit/risk real
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The perception of the students...The perception of the students...
……is the most important factor is the most important factor teachers must deal withteachers must deal with--and
trust as reality.
……is the most important factor is the most important factor teachers must deal with--and teachers must deal with--and
trust as reality.trust as reality.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The perception of the students...The perception of the students...
……sometimes hurts.sometimes hurts.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The educator is the one who The educator is the one who needs to shovel first...needs to shovel first...
……accomplished with a special accomplished with a special shoveling tool...shoveling tool...
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Resident learning toolsResident learning tools The operating The operating
room room The emergency The emergency
departmentdepartment The intensive care The intensive care
units and wardsunits and wards The research The research
settingsetting The lectureThe lecture ??????????
Goal: surgical skillsGoal: surgical skills
Goal: competent Goal: competent under fireunder fire
Goal: expert Goal: expert managementmanagement
Goal: complete Goal: complete understandingunderstanding
Goal: anticipateGoal: anticipate Goal: foundation Goal: foundation
buildingbuilding
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Characteristics of a Good TeacherCharacteristics of a Good Teacher
SecureSecure EncouragerEncourager TransparentTransparent PersistentPersistent SuccessfulSuccessful CourageousCourageous ??????????????
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Teaching stylesTeaching styles
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
If we don’t model what we If we don’t model what we teach, we are teaching teach, we are teaching something else.something else.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Consume, then contributeConsume, then contribute
Consumption without contribution Consumption without contribution == constipationconstipation
Contribution without consumption Contribution without consumption == catabolismcatabolism
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The ProblemThe Problem
Get the big MO going!Get the big MO going!
Not low moraleNot low morale Not “the problem Not “the problem
is the problem...”is the problem...” Lost MomentumLost Momentum
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Motivation of residents...Motivation of residents...
...occurs when their ...occurs when their needs (interests, needs (interests, desires, and drives) desires, and drives) are being met.are being met.
...occurs when ...occurs when their their needsneeds (interests, (interests, desires, and drives) desires, and drives) are being met.are being met.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Motivation leads to momentumMotivation leads to momentum
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Imparting the necessary toolsImparting the necessary tools
KnowledgeKnowledge SkillsSkills AttitudeAttitude Teaching abilityTeaching ability CompetenceCompetence ??????????????
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting KnowledgeImparting Knowledge
Lectures a synthesis of informationLectures a synthesis of information Questions are to be savoredQuestions are to be savored Excites the resident with relevanceExcites the resident with relevance ??????????????
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Occurs through the level of Occurs through the level of conscious competenceconscious competence
Guides resident through methodical Guides resident through methodical technical stepstechnical steps
Skills laboratoriesSkills laboratories ??????????????
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting SkillsImparting Skills
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
EthicsEthics BehaviorBehavior ??????????
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting AttitudeImparting Attitude
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting AttitudeImparting Attitude
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting Teaching AbilityImparting Teaching Ability
Only when our residents Only when our residents are successful teachers can are successful teachers can we count ourselves as we count ourselves as successful teachers.successful teachers.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting Teaching AbilityImparting Teaching Ability
Effectiveness is the only Effectiveness is the only meaningful measurement meaningful measurement of teaching.of teaching.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
They don’t know what they don’t know...They don’t know what they don’t know...
They know they don’t know...They know they don’t know...
They know they know...They know they know...
...they know ...they know
M aturation of know ledge and surgical skills
unconsciously com petent
consciously com petent
consc ious ly incom petent
unconsciously incom petent
Usefulness of a Teacher:Usefulness of a Teacher:Imparting CompetenceImparting Competence
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
They’re TensThey’re Tens
1010 1010
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Catalysts Facilitating Acquisition Catalysts Facilitating Acquisition and Development of Learningand Development of Learning
PracticePractice Near-peer encountersNear-peer encounters StressStress FeedbackFeedback ??????????????
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Giving: the key tool in Giving: the key tool in Successful TeachingSuccessful Teaching
PrestigePrestige ResearchResearch IdeasIdeas CreditCredit EffectsEffects
$$$$ PRICE PRICE
GivingGiving::
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Rewards from Successful TeachingRewards from Successful Teaching
Successful outcomeSuccessful outcome Successful outcome by a surgeon Successful outcome by a surgeon
whom we taughtwhom we taught Successful outcome by a Successful outcome by a
surgeon who was taught by surgeon who was taught by someone we taughtsomeone we taught
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
““Flowers leave some of their Flowers leave some of their fragrance in the hand that fragrance in the hand that bestows them.”bestows them.” Chinese ProverbChinese Proverb
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Teaching to Give in Teaching….Teaching to Give in Teaching….
““Caught, not taught”Caught, not taught” ““Sown, then grown”Sown, then grown” ““No strings attached”No strings attached”
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
Teaching...Teaching...
……if you want to if you want to coachcoach the the
game, you’ve game, you’ve got to know got to know how to win.how to win.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
There is no “I” in TEAM.There is no “I” in TEAM.
There is no “I” in TEACH.There is no “I” in TEACH.
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
TEACHTEACH
TTo o EEach ach AA CConquerable onquerable HHeighteight
Strategies to Teach OrthopaedicsStrategies to Teach Orthopaedics
The most important word in The most important word in teach is...teach is...
eacheach..
give give toto