Strategies for Managing the Technology Infrastructure

8/3/2019 Strategies for Managing the Technology Infrastructure

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Agenda

Technology infrastructure

Objectives of IT infrastructure

Business issues in managing technology Justify IS/IT investment

Management issues

Technology strategies


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IT Infrastructure

Physical infrastructure of hardware, software, &

network

Architectures (plan) for information, process,

organization, & technology

Management policies for service delivery,

capacity, security, privacy, sourcing, & audit

Management processes & services for facilities,training vendor management, & technical

support


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Objectives of IT Infrastructure

Provide proper infrastructure to supportbusiness IS needs

Maximize the use of information and IS for

business Provide a high degree of IS/IT integration in

terms of cost, quality, & benefit

Facilitate rapid application development

Reduce complexity and non-standardization Build a global communication infrastructure


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Business issues in Managing

Technology Link IT investment to business needs

Identify technical opportunities

Identify IS/IT investment by competitors &partners

Business and technical awareness

Relate IT resources to business needs Appropriate user support


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Justify IS/IT Investment

Application specific cost/benefit analysis

Replace obsolete technology

Using more efficient technology forreducing costs of existing applications

An enable for the overall business strategy

Embrace growth in business volumes


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Management Issues

Information era

Location and control of technology

Integration challenges Security & privacy

Contingency management

Vendor management New technology


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Information Era

New geopolitical order in world

New environment in the market place

New environment with business


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Location and Control of

Technology Centralization or decentralization

Selection criteria

Economic Enterprise style

Innovation

Resources

Multinational organization


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Integration Challenges - I

Environment

Various platforms of hardware & software

Decentralization Global organization

Different policies & procedures


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Integration Challenges - II

Solutions

Common operating systems

Sharing databases Common application development tools

Common or integrated hardware

Integration of legacy and new systems

(middleware)

Integration of packages


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Security & Privacy

Security

Protect data, information, IS/IT facilities

Privacy Protect confidential information of individuals


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Security & Privacy

Logical security

Physical security

Data security Communication security

Administration security

Application security


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Physical Security

Location (traffic)

Security (lock)

Environmental (air) Fire

Power


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Logical Security

Photo

Fingerprints

Voice Eye

Signature

Password


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Data Security

Minimal privilege

Minimal exposure


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Communication Security

Firewall

Decryption

Encryption Private & public key


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Administrative Security

Policy

Procedure

Hardware Software

Employee

Data


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Application Security

Input security

Processing security

Output security


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Contingency Management - I

Types

Emergency plan (natural disaster)

Backup plan Recovery plan

Contents

Procedures

Testing

Practicing

Updating


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Vendor Management

Reputation

Future growth

Product consideration Good lawyer and contract

Others?


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Contingency Management - II

Disaster Recovery firm Outsource strategic function?

Planning steps Discovering the important critical IT functions and

process

Identifying the cost to have informationunavailable

Balancing the cost of unavailability with the cost ofrecovery


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Contingency Management - III

Hardware backup

Hot site

Cold site

Mobile facility

Software and database backup

Selective backup

Incremental backup

Total backup

On site backup

Off site backup


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Contingency Management - IV

Telecommunication backup Fault-tolerant networks

Personnel backup Name Phone no.

Address

Back-up power generators System

Scaled-down manual system

Parallel systems


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New Technology

Identification & investment

Experimentation, learning, and adaptation

Rationalization and management control Widespread technology transfer


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Technology Strategies

High potential

Strategic

Key operational Support


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High Potential

Prototyping development

R&D control, separate actitivity

New technology or new use of technology Application generator/ RAD tools

External skills, knowledge transfer

Application evaluation Determine next stage of development


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Strategic

Application generator

Incremental development

Relational or object oriented database

Ideal technology new skills

Flexible architecture

Peak demand capacity

Tested contingency plan External technology influence

Isolate risky systems

Tailor package to needs


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Key Operational

Software engineering and SDLC

Integrated architectures

Quality/charge control

Peak capacity planning

Hierarchical or network database

Tested contingency plan

Incremental technology Application packages- enhanced

Mandatory standards

Careful technology selection IT veto


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Support

Evolutionary technology

Capacity plan on average requirements

Disinvestment

End user support

Avoid obsolescence

Low priority contingency plan

General purpose applicationpackage/unmodified

Sustained quality and efficiency

Documents

Strategies for Managing the Technology Infrastructure