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ST
RA
TE
GIC
SP
AT
IAL
PL
AN
NIN
GIN
AN
ER
A O
F
NE
W G
OV
ER
NA
NC
EIN
IR
ELA
ND
Bre
nd
an
Ba
rtle
y
Depart
ment of G
eogra
phy
Inte
rnational C
entr
e for
Local and R
egio
nal D
evelo
pm
ent (I
CLR
D)
Na
tio
na
l In
stitu
te fo
r R
eg
iona
l a
nd
Sp
atia
l A
na
lysis
(N
IRS
A)
NU
I M
ayn
oo
th
Em
ail:
bre
ndan.b
art
ley@
nuim
.ie
ST
RA
TE
GIC
SP
AT
IAL
PL
AN
NIN
G
IN A
N E
RA
OF
NE
W G
OV
ER
NA
NC
E
IN I
RE
LA
ND
1.
Intr
oduction a
nd c
onte
xt
2.
Backgro
und to p
lannin
g in Ire
land
3.
Som
e r
ecent tr
ends: econom
ic, socia
l and p
olit
ical
4.
Build
ing o
n the ‘C
eltic
Tig
er’ b
oom
: th
e
National S
patial S
trate
gy (
NS
S)
5.
Bala
nced a
nd s
usta
inable
spatial
develo
pm
ent
1. IN
TR
OD
UC
TIO
N &
CO
NT
EX
T
!Ir
ela
nd
: w
este
rn e
dg
e
of E
uro
pe
!N
ort
h /
South
div
ide
!D
om
ina
nce
of
Du
blin
& E
ast / W
est div
ide
!P
op
ula
tio
n t
ren
ds
!M
igra
tio
n &
Ag
e p
rofile
!E
uro
pe
an
isa
tio
n /
Glo
ba
lisa
tio
n
!C
eltic
Tig
er
‘exp
eri
en
ce
’
!‘H
yb
rid
’ Ir
ela
nd
?
Lon
don
Am
ster
dam
/Rotter
dam
Par
is
Fra
nkf
urt
Dub
lin
Bel
fast
Cor
kW
ater
ford
Lim
eric
k/Sha
nnon
Gal
way
Tran
satlan
ticFl
ight
s
Irel
and
-Int
erna
tion
al S
patia
l Con
text
2. B
AC
KG
RO
UN
D T
O P
LA
NN
ING
IN IR
EL
AN
D
!P
ha
se
1:
Clo
se
d E
co
no
my u
ntil la
te 1
95
0s
!Is
ola
tio
nis
tse
lf-s
usta
inin
geco
no
mic
po
licy
!A
d h
oc h
ou
sin
gp
olic
y:
slu
m c
lea
ran
ce
; sta
te p
rovis
ion
of
so
cia
l h
ou
sin
g &
su
pp
ort
fo
r p
riva
te o
wn
ers
hip
!P
ha
se
2:
Inte
gra
tio
n in
to G
lob
al E
co
no
my (
19
60
s..
.)
!O
pe
n t
rad
e e
co
no
mic
po
licie
s (
Le
ma
ss
Era
)
!U
rba
nis
atio
n&
in
tro
du
ctio
n o
f p
lan
nin
g (
Ne
w T
ow
ns)
!P
ha
se
3:
Co
mp
etitive
En
tre
pre
ne
uri
al E
ra (
19
86
-)
!S
ele
ctive
in
ve
stm
en
t a
nd
op
en
-tra
de
str
ate
gie
s
!M
ultip
le t
ren
ds a
nd
‘fle
xib
le’ p
lan
nin
g
Po
licy P
hases a
nd
Rela
ted
Tre
nd
s i
n I
rela
nd En
tre
pre
ne
uri
al:
targ
ete
d
renew
al&
fle
xib
lepla
nnin
g
Lo
ca
l g
ov
ern
-
me
nt
ba
se
dbut
with
lim
ite
d fu
nd
s
an
d p
ow
ers
Min
ima
l(a
d
hoc):
main
focus
on
ho
usin
g
pro
vis
ion
Urb
an
Pla
nn
ing
Co
ali
tio
n
govern
ments
&
part
ners
hip
s:
‘re
laxa
tio
n’o
f
ce
ntr
al
govern
ment
contr
ols
Ce
ntr
e p
op
ulis
t
part
y d
om
inance
and e
merg
ence o
f
co
aliti
on
go
ve
rnm
en
ts:
we
ak lo
ca
l
go
ve
rnm
en
t
Ce
ntr
e p
op
uli
st
pa
rty
do
min
an
ce
:
we
ak lo
ca
l
go
ve
rnm
en
t
Go
vern
-
an
ce
Po
st-
ind
us
tria
l
str
ate
gy s
upport
for
win
ne
rhi-te
ch
busin
esses
Ind
us
tria
liza
tio
n
an
d g
lob
al
inte
gra
tion: attra
ct
inw
ard
in
ve
stm
en
t
Eco
no
mic
iso
lati
on
ism
:
(‘S
inn
Fe
in’)
Ec
on
om
ic
Po
licy
Ph
as
e 3
19
86
-20
05
Ph
as
e 2
1960 t
o 1
986
Ph
as
e 1
1921 t
o 1
960
The L
egal and A
dm
inis
trative
The L
egal and A
dm
inis
trative
‘‘ Fa
mili
es
Fa
mili
es’’of E
uro
pe
of E
uro
pe
(So
urc
e:
New
man
&
(So
urc
e:
New
man
& T
ho
rnle
yT
ho
rnle
y,
1996)
, 19
96)
!R
ep
ub
lic o
f Ir
ela
nd
!
88
ad
min
istr
ative
an
d
pla
nn
ing
un
its (
co
un
ty /
u
rba
n c
ou
ncils
)
!N
atio
na
l S
pa
tia
l S
tra
teg
y
(NS
S)
= D
oE
HL
G
!2
Re
gio
na
l A
sse
mb
lies
!B
MW
an
d S
&E
!7
Re
gio
na
l A
uth
ori
tie
s!
Re
gio
na
l G
uid
elin
es
!N
ort
he
rn Ire
lan
d!
26
ad
min
istr
ative
an
d
pla
nn
ing
un
its (
dis
tric
ts)
!R
eg
ion
al D
eve
lop
me
nt
Str
ate
gy =
DR
D*
Ro
les
of
Pla
nn
ing
Au
tho
rity
& P
ub
lic
in
Iri
sh
Pla
nn
ing
Ap
pli
ca
tio
ns
, o
bje
cti
on
s
an
d a
pp
ea
ls-
ind
ivid
ua
ls /
gro
ups a
re e
ntitled to s
ubm
it,
or
dis
agre
e w
ith p
roposals
at
pla
nn
ing
ap
plic
atio
n s
tag
e
Ma
na
ge
r
(Exe
cu
tive
fu
nctio
n)
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Co
ntr
ol
Co
ns
ult
ati
on
-p
ub
lic m
ust
be c
onsulted b
efo
re the p
lan
is a
do
pte
d
Po
liti
cia
ns
(Re
se
rve
d fu
nctio
n)
De
ve
lop
me
nt
Pla
n
Ro
le o
f P
ub
lic
Pla
nn
ing
Au
tho
rity
As
pe
ct
3. S
OM
E R
EC
EN
T T
RE
ND
S…
"G
lobalis
ation
and the E
U
"G
lob
al citie
s &
Eu
rop
ea
n c
ity s
up
er-
lea
gu
es
"E
co
no
mic
In
teg
ratio
n, so
cia
l co
he
sio
n a
nd
ba
lan
ce
d t
err
ito
ria
l d
eve
lop
me
nt
"B
oom
ing Ire
land
"C
eltic
Tig
er
ph
en
om
en
on
"B
etw
ee
n B
osto
n a
nd
Be
rlin
"C
om
pe
titive
ne
ss,
co
he
sio
n a
nd
su
sta
ina
bili
ty
"B
ala
nce
d t
err
ito
ria
l in
teg
ratio
n a
nd
co
nn
ectivity
Glo
ba
lisa
tio
na
nd
th
e E
U
!C
onte
mpora
ry E
uro
pean tra
nsfo
rmation –
an a
dapta
tion to g
lobaliz
ation tre
nds
!P
erm
ea
ble
na
tio
na
l b
ou
nd
ari
es
!G
reate
r openness o
f econom
ies / c
ulture
s
!In
ten
se
co
mp
etitio
n b
etw
ee
n f
irm
s /
pla
ce
s!
Re
late
d m
ove
me
nt / re
loca
tio
ns o
f re
so
urc
es
/activitie
s
!G
row
ing
em
ph
asis
on
urb
an
ce
ntr
es
!A
s c
olle
ctio
ns o
r clu
ste
rs o
f e
xis
tin
g / p
ote
ntia
l a
sse
ts
!S
tra
teg
ic s
ite
s f
or
ma
na
ge
me
nt
of
mo
bile
re
so
urc
es
!U
nifyin
g lin
ks: to
lo
ca
l, g
lob
al &
oth
er
urb
an
ne
two
rks
!E
ng
ine
s o
f p
rosp
erity
!P
olit
ica
l a
nd
oth
er
str
ate
gic
re
actio
ns
!R
e-s
ca
ling
of
activitie
s t
o
ach
ieve
co
mp
etitive
advanta
ge
!U
p to E
U m
ega r
egio
nal le
vel
!D
ow
n to c
ity r
egio
ns
!A
cro
ss e
xis
tin
g n
atio
na
l te
rrito
rie
s
!A
doption o
f str
ate
gic
e
mp
ha
sis
th
at ‘g
et re
su
lts’
!P
olic
ies/ in
stitu
tions /
infr
astr
uctu
re t
o e
nhance
perf
orm
ance
!H
ard
wa
re;
So
ftw
are
; O
rgw
are
!D
eve
lop
sp
atia
l str
ate
gie
s
that:
!C
reate
favoura
ble
fra
mew
ork
to
focu
s e
ffo
rt &
min
imis
e w
aste
!S
tim
ula
te local attra
ctiveness &
perf
orm
ance
!D
o it all
the ‘E
uro
pean w
ay’
Glo
ba
lisa
tio
na
nd
th
e E
U
"T
he E
uro
pean w
ay
is n
ot :
"T
he
Am
erica
n w
ay
(th
e p
ath
of so
cia
l
po
lari
sa
tio
n)
"T
he
Asia
n (
Ja
pa
ne
se
)
wa
y -
au
tocra
tic s
tate
an
d c
om
pa
ny w
elfa
re
Glo
ba
lisa
tio
na
nd
th
e E
U
"T
he
Eu
rop
ea
n w
ay is
ba
se
d o
n a
un
ifie
d m
ark
et
of
so
cia
lly c
oh
esiv
e a
nd
inte
gra
ted
te
rrito
rie
s
"A
ba
lan
ce
d m
ix o
f e
co
no
mic
co
mp
etitive
ne
ss
and
so
cia
l
so
lida
rity
"S
ocia
l co
nse
nsu
s /
in
clu
sio
n
(pa
rtn
ers
hip
) tr
ad
itio
n
"T
err
ito
ria
l in
teg
ratio
n a
nd
su
bsid
iari
typ
rin
cip
les
City M
ark
etin
g…
Econom
ic T
ransitio
n(s
)E
conom
ic T
ransitio
n(s
)
""M
acro
Macro
-- econom
ic p
olic
y
econom
ic p
olic
y
""F
rom
se
lfF
rom
se
lf-- s
usta
inin
g iso
latio
nis
m o
f 1
93
0s
su
sta
inin
g iso
latio
nis
m o
f 1
93
0s-- 5
0s
50
s
""T
o ‘m
od
ern
isa
tio
n’ D
FI
att
ractio
n p
olic
y s
ince
T
o ‘m
od
ern
isa
tio
n’ D
FI
att
ractio
n p
olic
y s
ince
19
60
s1
96
0s
""R
ecent T
rends (
mid
1980s…
)R
ecent T
rends (
mid
1980s…
)
""P
ost
Post --
ford
ist
ford
ist
hi
hi --
tech
pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
se
rvic
e
tech
pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
se
rvic
e
se
cto
r g
row
thse
cto
r g
row
th
""‘C
eltic
Tig
er’ s
tatu
s a
nd
co
mp
etitive
ne
ss…
‘Ce
ltic
Tig
er’ s
tatu
s a
nd
co
mp
etitive
ne
ss…
Gro
wth
of
per
cap
ita
GD
P(r
ea
l te
rms
)
050100
150
200
250
300
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003EU
15
Irelan
d
100120140160180200
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Index(1991=100)
Popul
ation
GNP
GNP/C
apita
Imp
roved
Liv
ing
Sta
nd
ard
s (
GN
P)
Hyb
rid
Ire
lan
d…
?H
yb
rid
Ire
lan
d…
?
""Ir
ela
nd
’s p
olic
y ‘m
ix’
Ire
lan
d’s
po
licy ‘m
ix’
""A
me
rica
n e
co
no
mic
A
me
rica
n e
co
no
mic
focu
s: h
igh
focu
s: h
igh
-- tech U
S
tech U
S
inve
stm
en
tin
ve
stm
en
t
""E
uro
pe
an
so
cia
l E
uro
pe
an
so
cia
l
po
licy a
nd
fu
nd
ing
po
licy a
nd
fu
nd
ing
""A
mix
of both
Bosto
n
A m
ix o
f both
Bosto
n
an
da
nd
Be
rlin
Be
rlin
Po
litic
al / W
elfa
re R
eg
ime
…P
olit
ica
l / W
elfa
re R
eg
ime
…
""C
oa
litio
n G
ove
rnm
en
tsC
oa
litio
n G
ove
rnm
en
ts
""P
art
ne
rsh
ip M
od
els
Pa
rtn
ers
hip
Mo
de
ls
""F
rom
centr
e / local
Fro
m c
entr
e / local
go
ve
rnm
en
t to
pu
blic
/
go
ve
rnm
en
t to
pu
blic
/
priva
te &
sta
ke
ho
lde
r p
riva
te &
sta
ke
ho
lde
r p
art
ne
rsh
ips
pa
rtn
ers
hip
s
""M
irro
rs la
ng
ua
ge
of
EU
M
irro
rs la
ng
ua
ge
of
EU
p
olic
y d
isco
urs
es
po
licy d
isco
urs
es
"C
risis
ma
na
ge
me
nt
"E
conom
ic c
om
petition
"S
ocia
l in
clu
sio
n
"B
ala
nced s
usta
inable
te
rrito
rie
s
""In
cre
asin
gIn
cre
asin
gfle
xib
ilis
fle
xib
ilis--
atio
na
tio
na
nd
ce
ntr
alis
atio
na
nd
ce
ntr
alis
atio
n
4. B
UIL
DIN
G O
N T
HE
BO
OM
…4. B
UIL
DIN
G O
N T
HE
BO
OM
…
Th
e N
ati
on
al S
pa
tia
l S
tra
teg
y…
Fro
m G
overn
ment to
Govern
ance
The N
ew
Str
ate
gic
Spatial P
lannin
g
More
Pla
nnin
g B
ackgro
und…
More
Pla
nnin
g B
ackgro
und…
""S
pa
tia
l P
lan
nin
g in
th
e R
ep
ub
lic o
f Ir
ela
nd
Sp
atia
l P
lan
nin
g in
th
e R
ep
ub
lic o
f Ir
ela
nd
""8
8 p
lan
nin
g a
uth
oritie
s…
88
pla
nn
ing
au
tho
ritie
s…
""T
rad
itio
na
lly, p
lan
nin
g fo
cu
se
d a
t th
e lo
ca
l (c
ity,
Tra
ditio
na
lly, p
lan
nin
g fo
cu
se
d a
t th
e lo
ca
l (c
ity,
co
un
ty, to
wn
) le
ve
ls…
co
un
ty, to
wn
) le
ve
ls…
""P
re 2
002, no
Pre
2002, no n
ati
on
al
nati
on
al
sp
atia
l fr
am
ew
ork
, b
ut n
atio
na
l sp
atia
l fr
am
ew
ork
, b
ut n
atio
na
l in
ve
stm
en
t p
rog
ram
me
s &
na
tio
na
l p
olic
y g
uid
an
ce
…in
ve
stm
en
t p
rog
ram
me
s &
na
tio
na
l p
olic
y g
uid
an
ce
…
""P
re 2
004, no
Pre
2004, no r
eg
ion
al
reg
ion
al
sp
atia
l fr
am
ew
ork
s e
xce
pt fo
r sp
atia
l fr
am
ew
ork
s e
xce
pt fo
r city r
eg
ion
typ
e s
pa
tia
l fr
am
ew
ork
s…
city r
eg
ion
typ
e s
pa
tia
l fr
am
ew
ork
s…
""C
en
tra
lis
ed
Ce
ntr
ali
se
d(G
ove
rnm
en
t) a
dm
inis
tra
tio
n o
f ca
pita
l (G
ove
rnm
en
t) a
dm
inis
tra
tio
n o
f ca
pita
l p
rog
ram
me
s…
pro
gra
mm
es…
NS
S a
nd
RP
G’s
: w
here
th
ey f
it in
pla
nn
ing
po
licy t
erm
s…
Re
gio
na
l G
uid
eli
ne
s
Develo
pm
en
t
Pla
ns
Lo
cal
Pla
ns
Oth
er
Lo
cal L
evel
Pla
ns
e.g
.:
!C
DB
str
ate
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s
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ap
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pro
gra
mm
es
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ou
sin
g S
trate
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te P
lan
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er
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on
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uid
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mes
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illa
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Ren
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rog
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erv
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d L
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NS
S
NS
S M
ain
Polic
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…N
SS
Main
Polic
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nstr
um
ents
…
""E
xis
t a
t th
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le
ve
ls…
Ex
ist
at
thre
e l
ev
els
…
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ati
on
al:
Nati
on
al:
influ
en
cin
g c
ap
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l a
nd
oth
er
inve
stm
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t in
flu
en
cin
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nd
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er
inve
stm
en
t pro
gra
mm
es o
f key G
ovt D
epart
ments
and
pro
gra
mm
es o
f key G
ovt D
epart
ments
and
Ag
en
cie
s…
(Tra
nsp
ort
, E
du
ca
tio
n,
Ag
en
cie
s…
(Tra
nsp
ort
, E
du
ca
tio
n,
Co
mm
un
ica
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ns,
En
terp
rise
…)
Co
mm
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ica
tio
ns,
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terp
rise
…)
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eg
ion
al:
Reg
ion
al:
Re
gio
na
l P
lan
nin
g G
uid
elin
es
Re
gio
na
l P
lan
nin
g G
uid
elin
es ––
to a
ct
to a
ct
as a
n in
teg
ratin
g/c
oa
s a
n in
teg
ratin
g/c
o-- o
rdin
atin
g fra
me
wo
rk fo
r lo
ca
l o
rdin
atin
g fra
me
wo
rk fo
r lo
ca
l a
uth
ori
tie
s…
au
tho
ritie
s…
""L
ocal:
Lo
cal:
Be
tte
r sp
atia
l p
lan
s,
pa
rtic
ula
rly a
t city a
nd
B
ett
er
sp
atia
l p
lan
s,
pa
rtic
ula
rly a
t city a
nd
co
un
ty le
ve
ls, m
ore
str
ate
gic
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tlo
ok, m
ore
co
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ty le
ve
ls, m
ore
str
ate
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ok, m
ore
fo
cu
se
d,
mo
re a
mb
itio
us…
focu
se
d,
mo
re a
mb
itio
us…
EU
Influences a
nd O
ther
Researc
hE
U I
nfluences a
nd O
ther
Researc
h
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SD
P h
ad just
ES
DP
had just
em
erg
ed
as N
SS
e
me
rge
d a
s N
SS
w
ork
sta
rte
d…
wo
rk s
tart
ed
…
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ug
ely
in
flu
en
tia
l in
H
ug
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in
flu
en
tia
l in
sh
ap
ing
th
inkin
g,
e.g
.sh
ap
ing
th
inkin
g,
e.g
.""
La
ng
ua
ge
/
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ng
ua
ge
/
term
ino
log
yte
rmin
olo
gy
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ese
arc
h r
ep
ort
sR
ese
arc
h r
ep
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s""
ES
PO
NE
SP
ON
EU
In
flu
en
ce
s a
nd
Oth
er
Re
se
arc
hE
U In
flu
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ce
s a
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er
Re
se
arc
h
5. B
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ala
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gh
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ast
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ork
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lmu
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ssm
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a
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ala
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xfo
rd
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po
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ltam
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inf
ord
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ck
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lly
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lag
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hi
n
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ke
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unt
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lyg
ar
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l
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err
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ork
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gh
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tloe
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rk
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erg
us
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lina
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alo
e
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tric
ks
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ll Cro
om
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lyv
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lin
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n
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rrif
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ltow
n M
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ay
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ffH
os
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al
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port
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ill
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ynes
Ask
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le
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ork
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rk
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alin
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re
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rd
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nb
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turb
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Virg
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ia
Ki
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cou
rt
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ub
lin
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elfa
st
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aTypolo
gy
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an
an
d P
eri
-Urb
an
Are
as
73%
of
Popula
tion
86.6
% o
f to
tal popula
tion incr
ease
in
these
are
as
Str
on
g R
ura
l A
rea
s
Rapid
gro
wth
due t
o u
rban e
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on
10%
of
nationalpopula
tion incr
ease
We
ak
Are
as a
nd
Str
on
g R
ura
l A
rea
s i
n T
ran
sit
ion
43%
of
land a
rea
12%
of
the t
ota
l popula
tion
Terr
itorial B
ala
nce a
nd C
onnectivity
Mo
nag
han
Car
nd
on
agh
Dundalk
Letterkenny
Sligo
Bu
ncr
ana
Str
aban
e Om
agh
En
nis
kil
len
Arm
agh
Belfast
New
ry
Cas
tleb
lay
ney
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ote
hil
l
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lieb
oro
ug
h
Clo
nes
to D
erry
an
dD
on
egal
Bal
lyb
ofe
y
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Do
neg
al
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lysh
ann
on
Bu
nd
ora
n
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an
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rick
-on
-Sh
ann
on
Bo
yle
to M
on
agh
anan
d D
un
dal
k
to G
alw
ay
to D
ub
lin
Lif
ford
Dro
gh
eda
to D
ub
lin
N
to M
ull
ing
ar,
Tu
llam
ore
an
dA
thlo
ne
Ard
ee
Car
rick
mac
ross
Gre
enca
stle
Mo
vil
le
Mil
ford
Rat
hm
elto
nB
un
beg
Du
nlo
e
Gle
nti
es
Ard
ara
Kil
lyb
egs
Rap
ho
e
Man
orh
amil
ton
Co
llo
on
ey
Bal
lym
ote
To
ber
curr
yD
rum
shan
bo
Bal
lin
amo
re
Mo
hil
l
Bal
lyco
nn
ell
Bel
turb
et
Vir
gin
iaK
ing
sco
urt
to D
ub
lin
to B
elfa
st
Sourc
e: C
. T
racey,
Leitrim
Co.
Co.
Terr
itorial B
ala
nce a
nd C
onnectivity
SU
MM
AR
Y R
EV
IEW
1.
Intr
oduction a
nd c
onte
xt
2.
Backgro
und to p
lannin
g in Ire
land
3.
Som
e r
ecent tr
ends: econom
ic, socia
l and p
olit
ical
4.
Build
ing o
n the ‘C
eltic
Tig
er’ b
oom
: th
e
National S
patial S
trate
gy (
NS
S)
5.
Bala
nced a
nd s
usta
inable
spatial
develo
pm
ent
