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Growth in population, GDP & Vehicles in Bahrain (2000 – 2010)
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Global Fuel Economy Initiative:
Case study of Bahrain
Strategic Growth Programme (SGP)Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region &
Europe (CEDARE)
Transportation in Bahrain>501,000 Vehicles today>99% Gasoline7.3% annual increase in vehiclesConsumes 22% of tot. energyFuel consumption & emissions expected to
double in Bahrain between 2010 and 2030
Growth in population, GDP & Vehicles in Bahrain (2000 – 2010)
150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 4000000
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
Population GDP
(CEDARE 2011, World Databank Data)
Gasoline consumption trends
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20102000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Annual growth of 5.7%
Study methodologyGFEI methodology (tool)LDVs include mini, small, compact, family
and big cars in addition to light vans and sport utility vehicles (SUVs)
Main source of data:General Directorate of Traffic – Ministry of
Interior
Data set:Year of manufactureFirst registration date Vehicle make code and nameVehicle model code and nameEngine capacity (cc)Weight (kg)Fuel type Vehicle type code and namePlate type code and nameNumber of axlesNumber of cylinders
Sample data set
Results:Fuel economy recent improvement
2005 2008 2010 20125
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Average CO2 emissions (g/km) Average fuel economy (CAFE)Average fuel economy (NEDC)
L/10
0 km
g/km
Average fuel economy (L/100km) and CO2 emissions (g/km) for new LDVs in Bahrain
YearAverage fuel
economy (CAFE)
Average fuel economy (NEDC)
Average CO2 emissions
(g/km)2005 10.5 12.1 247.1
2008 10.6 12.2 249.0
2010 10.7 12.2 251.0
2012 9.6 11.1 229.6
Year 2005 2008 2010 2012
Bahrain 10.5 10.6 10.7 9.6USA* 7.8 7.5 7 6.6
CO2 emissions from new models of passenger vehicles in the EU and Bahrain (gCO2/km)
Year 2005 2008 2010 2012
Bahrain 248.5 250.4 252.4 230.9
EU* 162.4 153.6 140.3 -*Source: EEA, 2013
Average weight and engine size
2005 2008 2010 20121500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2500
2700
2900
3100
3300
3500
Average curb weight (kg) Average engine size (cc)
kg cc
Item 2005 2008 2010 2012Average curb weight (kg)
1685 1753 1731 1718
Average engine size (cc)
3191 3417 3061 2955
Key findingsOverall improvement in fuel economy of new
LDVs since 2005 (1 L/100 km eventual improvement by 2012)
…but trends toward buying heavier cars probably offset much more potential for improvement.
Average emissions are still nearly double the EU.
No restrictions exist yet for fuel economy or CO2 emissions.
Environmental labeling, emission reduction targets and action plans yet to be developed
