Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Indonesian ...klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/documents/f2242be4-e039... · Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Indonesian Master Plan

Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of Denmark

Scoping Report

May 2014

Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA) for Indonesian Master Plan for

Accelerated Economic Development

(MP3EI)

Scoping Report

Kalimantan Economic Corridor

SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05

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Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA) for Indonesian Master Plan for

Accelerated Economic Development

(MP3EI)

Scoping Report

Kalimantan Economic Corridor

Prepared for Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of Denmark

Represented by Mr Peter Oksen

Project manager Joshua Jon van Berkel

Project number 61800814

Prepared by Michal Musil; Yesaya Hardyanto

Approval date

Revision

Classification Open/Restricted/Confidential


This page is intentionally left blank

i

CONTENTS

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Scoping Methodology and Analysis ............................................................................................... 2 1.2 Identifying Strategic Social and Environmental Impacts ................................................................ 2

2 Internal Scoping .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Methodology and Analysis ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 General Overview of Scoping Findings ......................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Areas of Concern: Samarinda, Balikpapan & Bontang City Broader Area .................................... 8 2.2.2 Area of Concern: Kotabaru, Tanah Laut and Tanah Bumbu Regency ........................................ 10 2.2.3 Area of Concern: Peat land Areas in Central Kalimantan............................................................ 12 2.2.4 Area of Concern: West Kalimantan (Ketapang, Kuburaya, Landak, Sanggau, Sekadau

regency) ....................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.5 Area of Concern: Pontianak Broader Area .................................................................................. 16 2.2.6 Others .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Summary of Scoped Issues for Further Analysis ......................................................................... 19 2.4 Preliminary Recommendations .................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 Agroindustry ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 Mining ........................................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 Heavy Industry / Connectivity – Power Generation ..................................................................... 20 2.4.4 Connectivity .................................................................................................................................. 21 2.4.5 Social Issues ................................................................................................................................ 21

3 Stakeholder/Public Consultation ............................................................................. 22 3.1 Organisation and Methodology .................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Stakeholder Mapping and Workshop Attendees ......................................................................... 22 3.1.2 Objective and Approach ............................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3 Overview of Proceeding Results .................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Summary and Resolution of Key Feedbacks ............................................................................... 25 3.3 Relevance for Scoped Issues ...................................................................................................... 26

4 Priorities for Further Analysis .................................................................................. 28

5 List of Reference ....................................................................................................... 30

FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Position of Scoping Analysis in Overall SEA Project Programme ................................................. 1 Figure 1.2 Schematic illustrations of the definition of Strategic Environmental Issues ................................... 3 Figure 2.1 Map showing key baseline of forest and conservation areas in Kalimantan ................................. 6 Figure 2.2 Map showing mining and oil palm concessions in Kalimantan ...................................................... 7 Figure 2.3 Map showing area of strategic environmental impact around Samarinda, Balikpapan and

Bontang city ................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 2.4 Map showing strategic environmental impact around Kotabaru, Tanah Laut and Tanah

Bumbu regency ............................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 2.5 Map showing strategic environmental impact around peat areas in Central Kalimantan ............ 14 Figure 2.6 Map showing strategic environmental impacts around West Kalimantan ................................... 16 Figure 2.7 Map showing strategic environmental impact around Pontianak broader area ........................... 18

ii SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05

TABLES

Table 2.1 Sustainability receptors used in scoping study .............................................................................. 4 Table 2.2 Issues for further SEA analysis related to corresponding areas of Kalimantan EC .................... 19 Table 3.1 Agenda for Kalimantan EC Stakeholder Consultation ................................................................. 24 Table 3.2 Key concerns & responses from Stakeholder consultation session in Kalimantan EC ............... 25 Table 4.1 Summary table of EC strategic issues for further analysis .......................................................... 28

APPENDICES

A Baseline Data Sources

A.1 National Data

A.2 Kalimantan EC Data

B MP3EI Planning Information in Kalimantan Economic Corridor

B.1 List of Economic Development Projects

B.2 List of Main Planned Infrastructure Projects

B.3 List of KPI and its Allocation for Economic Activities

C Scoping Matrix

C.1 Mining (Including Oil & Gas Drilling)

C.2 Heavy Industry (Steel, Copper, Bauxite, Mangan – processing & smelting,

and Oil & Gas processing)

C.3 Agro-forestry (Palm Oil, Timber)

C.4 Connectivity – Infrastructure (including Energy generation)

C.5 Others (Tourism, Fertilizers, Food Estates)

D Stakeholder Consultation Meeting

D.1 List of Attendees at Stakeholder Consultation

D.2 Copies of Attendance of Scoping Workshop/Stakeholder Consultation

D.3 Minutes Meeting of Stakeholder Consultation

D.4 Activity Photos

Introduction

1

1 Introduction

The Scoping Phase of the Economic Corridor Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic

Development (MP3EI) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) applied a combination of

internal MP3EI SEA Team Scoping exercises and Stakeholders´ Consultations to identify

related strategic social and environmental issues and risks to generate preliminary

recommendations on mitigating or avoiding likely adverse effects of the Economic Corridor (EC)

plans´ implementation. These findings will then be used to provide interim feedback to MP3EI

planners and policy-makers as well as the basis for the next stage of the EC SEAs; namely the

further analyses of likely impacts in order to verify strategic issues and risks.

This report outlines the results of this analysis and the associated consultative steps taken for

the execution of the Kalimantan Economic Corridor (EC) MP3EI SEA. In doing this, this report

outlines:

• The methodologies used to undertake the internal scoping and stakeholder consultation

• The results of the internal scoping process in terms of both preliminary findings and

summarised issues in ‘Areas of Concern’

• A number of preliminary recommendation to mitigate likely adverse effects of expected EC

development plans and policies

• Stakeholder Consultation feedback, both in terms of responses overview and summarised

conclusions results

• A finalised list of strategic MP3EI related environmental and social issues and risks in the

Kalimantan Economic Corridor that require further analysis and which present a basis for

the analysis of likely impacts.

Figure 1.1 Position of Scoping Analysis in Overall SEA Project Programme

2 SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05

1.1 Scoping Methodology and Analysis

Although there are a wide selection and many variations of scoping approaches and methods,

the scoping approach designed for MP3EI EC SEAs aimed to combine comprehensive

preparatory data collection and mapping, with the appropriate mix of Delphi analyses (i.e.

internal scoping) and stakeholder consultation. The aim of this approach was to define the

scope of further assessment in a credible way and thereby ensure that the SEA efficiently

focuses on the most relevant social and environmental aspects.

The Kalimantan Economic Corridor scoping procedure consists of a two-stage process:

1. The first stage (see Section 2), consisted of an internal scoping workshop utilising project

team experts in relevant fields to identify the key likely strategic social and environmental

issues and their locations within the economic corridor.

2. The second stage (see Section 3) was a stakeholder consultation meeting held in Grand

Kemang Hotel, Jakarta on 18-19 March 2014 consisting of governmental officials / experts,

academics, NGOs and others. This event allowed for dissemination of the internal scoping

preliminary results and additional expert feedback to verify scoping results and/or to

highlight any data gaps or new insights from a more local perspective.

The findings from both these stages were then integrated to produce this report and the finalised

list of Strategic issues in need of further analysis.

1.2 Identifying Strategic Social and Environmental Impacts

Strategic environmental impacts are simply those that can only be adequately addressed at the

Planning, Policy or Programme (PPP) stage. This means that SEA should not address impacts

which can be effectively analysed at the project level (through EIA / AMDAL or relevant

permitting procedures).

The Policy Level

In relation to the MP3EI Policy, a strategic issue or risk is where a stated development policy or

planning direction clearly deviates from established socio-economic and environmental

standards set out as;

• Legislation, regulations or policies

• Goals and objectives, and/ or

• International commitments or treaties.

Indonesia’s commitment and treaties relevant to this SEA and which are used as indications of

expected social and environmental achievement are discussed in full in the MP3EI Policy SEA

(Preliminary Report), which was in draft form at the time of writing this report.

The Economic Corridor Level

Underpinning the analysis and understanding of Strategic issues at the Policy Level, the MP3EI

SEA process defines strategic issues at EC planning level as per the following attributes /

definitions (see also Figure 1.2)

Cumulative Impacts

Cumulative impacts occur when likely effects (i.e. whether compliant or not) from developments

accumulate with each other and/or with already existing environmental stressors. For example, if

an industrial zone is established beside existing and future areas zoned for residential use, there

Introduction

3

is a potential for combined environmental emissions (e.g. air and water pollution) to exceed

environmental quality standards related to health and ecological resources. Proper positioning of

these zones and control of industrial zoning (e.g. type of industries, cleaner production) can

prevent this before it occurs. The likely cumulative impacts are of the special importance for

SEA, since given their nature, these cannot be properly and effectively addressed at the project

level.

Interactive Impacts

Interactive impacts arise when MP3EI initiatives show the potential to conflict with the intention

of another planning aspect or sensitive baseline feature; for example, the intention of a highway

that passes through a conservation area. This is an interactive conflict where the related

intention can be better addressed at the planning stage rather than via Project design (i.e. that

can sometimes be ineffective and unacceptable).

Scale of Impact

The scale of impact plays a role when a planning element(s) shows evidence of potential

international or regional significance, (e.g. large scale flooding or water pollution). Here, the

scale of impact is considered strategic because its broader implications cannot be adequately

dealt with through a more limited EIA / AMDAL process.

Figure 1.2 Schematic illustrations of the definition of Strategic Environmental Issues

These definitions are commonly used when identifying environmental and social issues in

spatially related planning processes, and they will also allow SEA experts, i.e. in subsequent

phases of the Kalimantan EC SEA, to carry out further explanation of the identified issues in

relation to the SEA Article 16 principles under Law No 32/2009 concerning Environmental

Protection and Management, as noted below:

• Environmental carrying and assimilation capacity

• Environmental impact and risk

• Ecosystem service performance

• Efficiency of natural resources utilization

• Vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change

• Biodiversity potential and resilience


2 Internal Scoping

The methodology used to carry out internal scoping, along with explanation of the related results

and recommendations are outlined in the subsequent subsections.

2.1 Methodology and Analysis

Internal scoping was carried out in three general steps outlined below.

Data Collection The collection and collation of spatially related EC planning information and relevant baseline

trend data was considered essential to ensure an acceptable level of scoping analysis. For the

Kalimantan EC SEA, and all other Economic Corridors SEAs, mainly secondary data sources

and provincial planning data were collected through a ‘Pre-scoping Stage (see Pre-Scoping

Report in MP3EI website: http://klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/document) and approximately 70

Indonesia-wide spatial data sets were sourced through both government and private agencies

(see Appendix A for a list of contributing agencies).

Both MP3EI Planning data and collected spatial sets were compiled within an ArcGIS database,

i.e. which is also presented in a semi-public1 web-based map browser (http://klhs-

mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/map), in order to allow for overlay and extrapolative techniques during

scoping.

Expert ‘Delphi’ Scoping The composite GIS maps were used to overlay the current baseline features (e.g. conservation

areas and mangroves, and other levels of planning) with the future MP3EI economic activities

and connectivity projects proposed for a given EC; thereby allowing expert identification of

locations of likely environmental and social issues or risks.

This was carried out over an intensive 1-day Delphi workshop session where dedicated EC

team members and specialist experts in relevant disciplines applied the available data (i.e.

including trend data) with GIS map-overlay / extrapolation techniques and specifically designed

scoping matrices to carry out scoping.

A dedicated scoping matrix was assigned to each MP3EI Economic Sector (e.g. Mining, Oil and

Gas, Heavy Industry, Agroforestry, Connectivity), and the related projects and spatial strategies

(e.g. KPIs and Nodes) in the EC were systematically analysed in relation to sustainability

receptors categories; namely physiochemical, ecosystems and socio-economic (including

human health). Each of these receptors categories were then further broken down to examine

impacts on different aspects of each receptor as shown in Table 2.1

Table 2.1 Sustainability receptors used in scoping study

Physio-chemical Ecosystem Socio-economic

• Water

• Air

• Land & soil

• Forest and others

• Biodiversity

• Coastal areas

• Human Health

• Livelihood/Economic

• Cultural

With the guidance of a scoping facilitator, the scoping team filled in the matrices to identify

specific strategic risks in relation to the established definitions (see Section 2, and Appendix

C for the internal scoping matrices) and, among other details, to preliminary determine locations

where these strategic impacts are likely to occur.

1 There is limited access to the public as some of the data has been deemed confidential

http://klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/document

http://klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/map

http://klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/map

Internal Scoping

5

The criteria outlined in the Section were then applied to the spatial datasets to identify ‘Areas of

Concern’ where the likely impacts are deemed to be sufficiently significant as to be of strategic

importance.

Identifying Areas of Concern & Preliminary Recommendations Internal scoping included follow-up works after the actual Delphi sessions to ‘tidy up’ scoping

matrices and, due to the magnitude of scoping results, to summarise the findings into more

‘consumable areas of concern’ (i.e. in terms of communication and analysis).

These ‘Areas of Concern’ were typically identified in relation to:

• Particularly sensitive baseline features i.e. ecological habitat and/or socio-economics

conditions (customary lands or important urban areas).

• Concentrations of, or interconnection between (e.g. located in one watershed), MP3EI

development priorities and/or projects and/or existing unfavourable baseline features, which

indicate likely cumulative impacts to multiple environmental and/or social receptors (e.g.

coastal waters) in a particular area.

• Risk of likely large scale and/or interactive impacts related to the MP3EI implementation

It is noteworthy that scoping and ‘Areas of Concern’ analysis considered the entire magnitude of

MP3EI planning. Thus, not only specific EC projects were considered, but also the likelihood of

developments associated with development priorities (for specific Economic Sectors), “Nodes”

and “KPIs”.

In order to provide input to policy makers, planners and for stakeholder feedback; preliminary

recommendations for the most obvious issues were also developed. The recommendations

elaborate guidelines for further economic development and project implementation as well as

suggest the issues to be addressed within the provincial planning or at the policy level.

2.2 General Overview of Scoping Findings

Kalimantan Economic Corridor consists of 5 provinces, which are East Kalimantan (7

regencies/kabupaten, 3 cities/kota), South Kalimantan (11 regencies, 2 cities), Central

Kalimantan (13 regencies, 1 city), West Kalimantan (12 regencies, 2 cities) and newly

established province, North Kalimantan (4 regencies, 1 city).

Key baseline information on water quality indicated water pollution (e.g agriculture and mining

activities) in several river systems: Mahakam river, Kapuas river, Kahayan river and Martapura

river, whose condition vary from “lightly polluted“ to “heavily polluted“ (KLH, 2007). Mercury

contamination on river water also occurred due to artisanal gold mining activities, in particular of

West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. Deterioration of coastal water quality in Kalimantan is

particularly pronounced in East Kalimantan (e.g. Balikpapan and Tarakan), where concentration

of human activities such as agriculture, fishery (shrimp ponds) and industrialization. On air

quality, urban areas such Pontianak and Palangkaraya are reported to have high lead

concentrations with SO2 concentration mostly occurred in settlement areas (KLH, 2009). Urban

air quality in general has been contaminated by emissions from industrial activities and traffic.

Presence of forest fires in Central Kalimantan is of particular characteristic as it has affected the

air quality into unacceptable levels. Virgin land (peat and forests) conversion into oil palm

plantation (monoculture plantation) and agriculture has also contributed to the increased

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land degradation (i.e. risks of peat subsidence and soil

erosion). Plantation areas are widespread in the region but particularly pronounced in West

Kalimantan (Meittenen et al, 2012).


The region is covered with large remaining intact forest area (partially protected) totalling 41

million ha, and ranking as the second largest in the country (Ministry of Forestry, 2009), with

more than 52.7% of the areas has been utilized for timber production. Increasing economic

activities (e.g. oil palm plantation and agriculture) have contributed to massive deforestation in

the region. Forest cover loss due to forest area granted for oil palm concession totalling in 4.7%

over the decade (2000-2010). Illegal logging practices are also present in the region particularly

by the local people who depended on the forest resources. Other than protected forests areas,

Kalimantan forests are home to important flag species (e.g. Orangutan, Gibbons) and other

important species (e.g. Rhinocheros Hornbill, Proboscis Monkey, Borneo Asian Elephant and

Clouded Leopard, etc). A number of National Parks are located extensively in the region, with

the famous National Park Betung Kerihun, Tanjung Puting and Sebangau, the latter two are

home to Borneo orangutans. In addition, a number of wildlife conservation areas are also

widespread in South, East and Central Kalimantan. Many biodiversity hotspots, especially the

last remaining areas of lowland and coastal tropical rainforest, remain unprotected and are

currently under serious threats of deforestation.

With a population of approximately 14 million (around 5.8% of Indonesian total) and a territory of

almost 548,005 km2 (28.5% of Indonesian total), province of Central Kalimantan reaching lowest

density of as low as 13 inhabitants per km2. Despite the remaining large forests, the region also

constitutes of extensive mining and oil palm concessions, which represent the main economic

activities. Regional disparity can be seen from the provincial distribution of GRDP whereas East

Kalimantan produces more than two third (2/3) of Kalimantan GRDP, exactly 71.40%, which

reflects concentration of main productive capacities of extracting industry (oil and gas, minerals

mining, as well as palm-oil processing). The unemployment rate reaches its regional maximum

in South Kalimantan, where the population growth (fuelled also by immigration) is not followed

by equally rapid growth in job opportunities. Major local livelihoods are dominated by agriculture

sectors and are partly concentrated on high-skills migrant employment in mining and oil & gas

sectors. Of particular importance, are a number of customary lands and indigenous population

present in this region, particularly in West and Central part of Kalimantan. A general overview of

the key baseline features in Kalimantan EC can be viewed in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 Map showing key baseline of forest and conservation areas in Kalimantan

Internal Scoping

7

Figure 2.2 Map showing mining and oil palm concessions in Kalimantan

Main MP3EI economic activities designated in this area consist of mining, oil & gas, heavy

industries (i.e. coal and bauxite processing), palm oil, timber and food-agriculture, all envisaged

in the nodes of economic activities, zones for investment (KPI) and associated MP3EI individual

projects. Connectivity infrastructure planning in this EC include power generations and

transportation infrastructure (i.e. roads, railways, ports) to support the economic activities

planned in the area. List of MP3EI planning in the EC is provided in Appendix B.

Reviewing the baseline features and MP3EI economic development in the EC, the internal

scoping identified a number of strategic environmental and social impacts including, but not

limited to the following:

• Cumulative impacts on water and air pollution from mining, oil and gas, industries (coal,

bauxite processing) and power generations

• Land degradation and peat subsidence risks due to peatland conversion for oil palm

plantation and other economic activities

• Further deforestation due to possible virgin land (forest and peat) for mining and oil palm

plantation activities

• Interactive impact on protected areas leading to habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss

(flag species) due to infrastructure development (e.g. roads, ports)

• Coastal ecosystem degradation (i.e. mangrove and coral loss) due to increased coastal

development (ports, settlements) driven by MP3EI

• Public health risks related to cumulative impacts on air, water and human food (namely

seafood) from MP3EI economic activities (i.e. mining, industries, power plants)

• Impact on economic opportunity and livelihood (e.g. loss of local livelihood) driven by

MP3EI economic development


• Pressures on public infrastructure capacities (water and waste management) from

increased urban growth driven by MP3EI

• Social conflict over customary lands due to MP3EI oil palm and mining activities

Specific areas of concerns are also identified for each of the potential strategic issues generated

from internal scoping (Appendix C) and summarized into specified area of concern based on

concentrations of MP3EI development priorities and risks of likely large scale and/or interactive

conflict as mentioned in section 2.1.

2.2.1 Areas of Concern: Samarinda, Balikpapan & Bontang City Broader Area

Baseline Information A region comprising three major cities located in the coastal area of East Kalimantan is

characterized with high concentration of population and economic activities, including coal

mining, offshore gas and oil drilling, and heavy industries. It can be regarded as one of the

traditional sectors of development in Kalimantan. In rural areas the agriculture activities (both

small and medium farms and industrial-scale plantations) are key factors in defining the land-

use pattern. Remaining intact forests in the area are under pressure due to intensive logging

and conversion into oil palm plantation, industrial timber plantations and coal mines. The largest

remaining fragment of primary rainforest (Sungai Wain Protection Forest) is under immediate

threat due to the proposed extension of Kariangau Industrial Area in Balikpapan. Several other

conservation areas exist in the region, namely Kutai national park (under pressure from

expanding economic activities), Muara Kaman Sedulang nature reserve and Bukit Suharto

forest park. There are three major biodiversity hotspots along the shore between Balikpapan

and Samarinda, which still remain unprotected. Balikpapan Bay is the most diverse ecosystem

within the area of concern. It includes primary rainforests, primary mangroves, coral reefs and

extremely high diversity of mammalian and bird species. Mahakam delta includes the most

extensive mangrove forests within the area, although they are mostly severely degraded or

facing increasing pressure from expanding aquaculture and affected by sedimentation. However

even the degraded mangroves still host rich bird communities, especially during the migration

season. Bontang Bay and the surrounding coasts represent an extremely important area for

conservation of marine mammals, and include the best preserved coral reefs within the area.

Another critically important area, which remain unprotected, are the Mahakam Lakes, which

represent the most extensive freshwater habitat in Kalimantan and host a rich diversity of animal

and bird species, including the only population of freshwater dolphins in Indonesia.

Water quality data indicates heavy pollution (TSS concentration exceeds the standard) in the

Mahakam river system, mostly due to the upstream pollution in Kaman, Siran and Belayan

watersheds. Increasing economic activities (industry, mining) in the region also contribute to the

low river water quality (SLHE, 2011). Air quality measurements in urbanized areas such as

Balikpapan, Samarinda and Bontang show high emissions from existing industries and traffic.

Public infrastructure for waste management is often poor and its capacity is not adequate to

cope with increasing volumes of wastes both from growing population and economic activities

(e.g. oil & gas, industries, agriculture). Existing coal mining concessions cover a large territory

and mining operations expansion can be an important factor of any future development

scenario. A coastal development including port infrastructure, human settlement area expansion

and intensive marine transportation are the current trends that are also likely to continue in the

future.

Area Planning MP3EI economic activities designated in this area are dominated by oil and gas, coal and timber

development nodes. These sectors are also represented by the specific projects identified within

the MP3EI EC documents. In addition, infrastructure development projects such as ports,

energy generation and transmission infrastructures and transport network constructions are

envisaged.

Internal Scoping

9

Environmental Risks and Concerns

Physiochemical Aspects

Considering the development of future mining (i.e. mining concessions) and processing in the

area, a further increase of (air & water) pollution can be expected. Future MP3EI-related mining

activities can cause physical disturbance altering surface and underground water flows

(watershed wide) as a result of territorial expansion of mining areas. Waste water discharge

from new MP3EI investments in processing industries is likely to contribute to the worsening of

existing pollution problem. With regard to the MP3EI ports development in the area, potential

secondary impact to coastal water quality should also be considered, though this can be

managed at EIA-stage. MP3EI processing industries will also increase GHG emissions and

pose additional burden to already low air quality in urban area such as Balikpapan city. When

taken together with other activities such as existing power generation and likely future traffic

congestions, the impacts will be cumulative.

Ecosystems

Future economic activities represented by coal and timber production nodes within the MP3EI,

combined with concentrated investment in the KPIs are likely to reinforce existing deforestation

driven, among other activities, by the palm oil production. If significant parts of existing mining

concessions within the remaining forest area are utilized, it can lead to wide scale forest

fragmentation. In addition, the planned MP3EI toll road from Balikpapan to Samarinda is likely to

conflict with protected areas as it is proposed to cut through the area of Bukit Suharto Forest

Park. The proposed extension of the road toward Balang Island also represents a major threat

to the fragile ecosystem of Balikpapan Bay. Planned roads can also increase access to formerly

inaccessible areas and increase opportunity or likelihood of illegal logging and poaching.

Remaining intact forests in Kutai Timur and Kutai Kartanegara regency are particularly

vulnerable in this regard. A number of new ports and upgrading of existing harbor capacities can

exacerbate coastal ecosystem degradation in Mahakam delta area, Balikpapan Bay and

Bontang Bay. Combined with the industrial development along the coast driven by the MP3EI

implementation, the impact can be cumulative.

Socio-economic

As urban air and water quality are likely to be affected by MP3EI economic activities (e.g.

mining, heavy industries, oil & gas) and also considering the effects of the envisaged

developments on the coastal area, there is a strong likelihood of secondary impact to public

health due to worsening of urban air and water quality. Deterioration of water quality in

Mahakam delta in particular, will put extra pressure on the existing economic activities (e.g.

aquaculture development) and thus endanger livelihood of the local population. Balikpapan Bay

and Mahakam Lakes support numerous fishing communities. Pollution, sedimentation and

coastal/riverside forest destruction resulting from proposed industrial development, oil palm

plantations and coal mining are likely to increase poverty in these local communities due to loss

of livelihood. Toxins contained in the seafood due to the pollution from industries, mines and

plantations are likely to impact the health of the human population, which largely depends on

seafood as the source of protein. MP3EI development has a strong potential to induce further

urbanization and incoming migration of workforce to the area. The influx of migrant workers can

potentially increase risks of transmissible diseases contraction for the local population. Social

problems related to potential high rates of immigration (i.e. change of local social and cultural

structure, loss of employment for local people) can also be expected. Considering the future

urban area expansion driven by MP3EI development in the area, there is a potential for land-use

conflicts (conversion of the existing agriculture land). The potential urban expansion will also put

pressures on the existing public infrastructures (e.g. water and waste management) that will

exceed their normal capacity, if no additional infrastructure capacity is provided.

Illustration of the potential cumulative impacts in the affected areas can be viewed in below

Figure 2.3


Figure 2.3 Map showing area of strategic environmental impact around Samarinda, Balikpapan and Bontang city

2.2.2 Area of Concern: Kotabaru, Tanah Laut and Tanah Bumbu Regency

Baseline information The character of the area is influenced by the existence of an important industrial bases

including mining, metallurgy and energy generation, developed through utilization of the large

coal reserves. Coal mining concessions comprise a significant part of the area. Other economic

activities relevant to this area, in particular of Kotabaru regency, include agriculture, forestry

(timber) and processing industries. Original forest cover in the coastal and lowland areas has

been removed to a large extent during the previous decades. Agriculture and plantation of oil

palms are primarily responsible for land conversion, while strip mining and settlements

expansion contribute to the overall trend. The remaining preserved forests are concentrated in

the higher elevations. Official data/ and information regarding water quality and air quality are

scarce, considering the existing economic activities concentrated in the area, water quality

problems (wastewater & nutrients discharge from agriculture, contaminations from industrial

waste waters) can be expected. The main watershed such as Barito and Batulicin watershed

have also been reported to be in poor condition. Expansion of mining and plantation areas has

also contributed to the land and soil degradation.

There are remaining important coastal ecosystems, which have been partially degraded due to

the effects of sedimentation, industrial pollution, aquaculture development, urbanization, and

coastal infrastructure development (i.e. ports).

Area Planning Planned MP3EI economic activities in this area include iron and steel, and coal production

nodes, complemented by palm oil, timber and rubber production activities. To foster the

economic development, MP3EI individual projects designated for coal mining, heavy industries

(i.e. coal processing and metal smelting), oil palm (plantation & processing), and timber have

Internal Scoping

11

been put forth. A number of power plants (mostly coal powered) and ports are also planned as

part of the Connectivity development section of the MP3EI EC Kalimantan planning.



With respect to the planned economic activities and KPIs designated for coal mining (including

mining facilities) and processing (i.e. coal, iron-steel) in Kotabaru, Tanah Laut & Tanah Bumbu

regency, direct impacts on the water and air quality can be anticipated. Considering the potential

future expansion of mining areas driven by MP3EI and existing coal mines in the area, the risk

of serious physical disturbances of surface and underground water flows will largely increase in

the areas. Pollution from tailing leakages and wastewater discharge from the coal mine

operations can also be expected, though these can be addressed during the EIA-stage, and

managed at the project level. However, together with wastewater discharges from

processing/heavy industries and nutrients discharges (oil palm plantation), the impacts are likely

to have a cumulative nature. Mahakam, Barito and Batulicin river systems should receive

particular attention in this regard. Air pollution from mining and raw materials handling

operations is likely to occur as a result of MP3EI investments. In accumulation with atmospheric

emissions from existing mining and MP3EI coal/iron-steel processing industries and energy

generation (coal combustion), it can lead to the significant deterioration of regional air quality.

Extensive future mining activities can also cause land degradation, when the removal of topsoil

is not followed with good post-mining management practices. Combined with the impacts of

intensive land-use from plantation and agricultural activities, the impacts are likely to be wide-

scale and cumulative.

Ecosystems With increased economic activities (i.e. mining, oil palm) driven by MP3EI in the area, there will

be a strong likelihood that deforestation will continue. If mining concessions in the remaining

intact forest are utilized, the impact would be significant in scale. In addition, many mining

concession are issued in potential conflict with protected areas and their future utilization can

also lead to habitat fragmentation. Under MP3EI Connectivity plans, ports development in the

sensitive coastal ecosystem will trigger further coastal degradation (including mangrove loss)

and put additional pressure to the environmental quality in Marine Protected Areas in the

surrounding Pulau Laut.

Socio-economic MP3EI economic activities are likely to have secondary impacts to public health as a result of air

and water quality pollution from mining and mineral processing activities. Increased economic

developments will also stimulate employment and therefore trigger incoming migration to the

region. In addition, these increased economic activities and anticipated urban developments will

also add extra pressure on public infrastructure (i.e. water and waste management capacities,

health services). Other social problems related to immigration (i.e. changes of social and cultural

structure, loss of employment for the local people, etc.) can also be expected if no mitigation

measures are put in place to address likely future urban development issues.


Figure 2.4


Figure 2.4 Map showing strategic environmental impact around Kotabaru, Tanah Laut and Tanah Bumbu regency

2.2.3 Area of Concern: Peat land Areas in Central Kalimantan

Baseline Information

The concerned territory comprising of majority of Central Kalimantan and parts of South

Kalimantan province, is known for its large peat-land areas, partially protected as conservation

areas (i.e. Sebangau and Tanjung Puting National Parks). As the area is also characterized with

relatively large remaining intact forest, it has a considerable biodiversity (most notably

Orangutan). However, it has been under pressure of deforestation due to oil palm plantation and

other land-intensive agroforestry and/or agriculture activities. The peat land conversion for oil

palm plantations or other economic activities is of concern also due to the role of peatland in the

carbon cycle and contribution of the land-use change to the increase of GHG emissions (CO2

release due to the peat drainage). Oil palm plantation concessions cover large parts of the

concerned territory, in some cases in apparent conflict with protected areas and other

designated land-use forms (e.g. mining concessions).

Air quality in the area is often compromised during the dry season due to the haze produced by

large forest fires (in addition to the air pollution from industrial activities). As peat drainage

motivated by desire for utilization of the land for economic activities is a common practice, land

subsidence is often experienced followed by increase of associated risks of other natural

disasters (floods, landslides, erosion, droughts). In addition, water quality monitoring stated that

Kahayan River has been heavily polluted with mercury from artisanal gold mining in the area.

As population density and settlement are concentrated in urban areas like Palangkaraya and

Sampit, increasing economic activities add extra pressure on the existing waste management

capacities. Among the distinctive features of the concerned area are its culturally diverse

population of indigenous people (known as Dayak tribes), who claim customary rights to a

number of territories.

Internal Scoping

13



The MP3EI related investment in palm oil, timber, coal, iron-steel and food-agriculture sectors in

this area will likely have impact on air and water quality. Considering the future expansion of

coal mining areas within existing concessions, a physical disturbance to the surface and

groundwater water flows can be expected. Pollution through leakages from tailing deposits and

wastewater discharges can affect the water quality. In combination with emissions of nutrients

discharged from the oil palm plantations, the impact on water quality can be cumulative. Air

emissions resulting from mining and raw materials handling can usually be mitigated on the

project level, however, cumulative effects with already existing air pollution and namely

emissions from power generation (expected to increase as a result of MP3EI investments) may

have significant negative impacts on the air quality. MP3EI oil palm development can potentially

trigger further utilization of available oil palm plantation concessions on peat areas and thus will

lead to peat-land degradation and to the further increase of the risks of land subsidence.

Ecosystems

MP3EI driven oil palm plantation development will likely trigger the conversion of the remaining

forests and peat areas and thus reinforce continuing loss and fragmentation of important

ecosystems. Although there are no specific MP3EI mining projects located in the forested area,

existing mining concessions and MP3EI mining strategy may contribute to further deforestation

and peat loss. Potentially strong negative impacts on biodiversity are connected with habitat

fragmentation especially if oil palm development occurs in ecological corridors of specific

species (i.e. Orangutan). In coastal areas, the pressure on the remaining mangrove and coral

ecosystems can increase as a result of the MP3EI investments in port development.

Socio-economic

In regard to socio-economic issues, MP3EI oil palm sector development will likely have the

spatial conflict with customary lands as some oil palm plantation concessions are located on the

territories claimed by the indigenous communities. Increased economic activities (i.e. industrial

plantation) will also trigger potential land-use conflicts with subsistence agriculture. The

expected increase in urbanization, driven by MP3EI stimulated economic growth, will put extra

pressure on the existing public infrastructures, including water and waste management

capacities. In connection with the anticipated impacts of the MP3EI implementation on the air

and water quality, the increase of risk of the negative impacts on public health will be plausible

consequences.


Figure 2.5


Figure 2.5 Map showing strategic environmental impact around peat areas in Central Kalimantan

2.2.4 Area of Concern: West Kalimantan (Ketapang, Kuburaya, Landak, Sanggau, Sekadau regency)

Baseline Information The territory is characterized by presence of large intact forests and peat-land areas, and

comparatively low human settlements and population density. The area is known as a

biodiversity “hotspot” with migration corridors of important species (including orangutan).

Several parts are protected with conservation status such as Gunung Palung National Park in

Ketapang regency. Despite the considerable area of remaining intact forest, large segments of

the landscape has already been subjected to deforestation and land conversion for oil palm

plantation and other developments. Along the west coast there is a marine protected area in

Karimata Island (Marine Nature Reserve) with remaining important coastal ecosystem.

The area is characterized by the presence of significant cultural diversity in a number of

locations inhabited by indigenous people, claiming customary rights to their traditional territories.

Main economic activities in the region include large scale agriculture farming and animal

husbandry, oil palm plantation and timber logging. Important segment of the economy is also

industries, both light and heavy (including bauxite processing).

Despite the lack of comprehensive information regarding water quality for this area, it is

acknowledged that intensive artisanal gold mining activities reported in the number of areas in

Bengkayang, Sintang, Sanggau and Singkawang regency have caused significant impacts in

terms of water pollution (namely mercury contamination) as well as impacts on the land and soil

in the affected watersheds. Water and soil degradation are also experienced throughout the

areas of intensively cultivated plantations.

Internal Scoping

15

Area Planning Main MP3EI interventions in the concerned areas are intended to support palm oil, timber and

bauxite production (see node of economic activities in Figure 2.6). A number of KPIs designated

for investment in palm oil, timber and bauxite sectors are also planned in this area. To support

the aforementioned economic developments, a number of port constructions are envisaged, and

a road project is planned to provide connection from Sekadau to Sanggau Tayan (263.8 km).



The extensive oil palm development is driven by MP3EI and is likely to have a major impact on

further water resources degradation (both in quantity and quality). The increased irrigation

demand for palm oil production will put pressure on available water resources. In addition, the

conversion of virgin lands (both forests and/or peat lands) for oil palm plantation may also

contribute to changes in water regime in affected watersheds. Together with climate change

related effects (e.g. change in precipitation) it can lead to local water shortages. Namely,

Kapuas Hulu watershed should receive attention considering the expected intensification of

economic activities supported by the MP3EI implementation. Concerns regarding the impact of

bauxite mining and processing on the air quality exists, however the risks can probably be well

controlled at project level, whereas emissions from bauxite processing to water may contribute

to cumulative impacts on water resources. Soil erosion and peat-land degradation are prevalent

in most of agriculturally utilized areas.

Ecosystems

MP3EI-related economic development based on oil palm plantation and timber extraction will

likely accelerate deforestation in the area (considering the potential areal available for the future

expansion). The plantation land expansion may also convert the remaining forests and peat

areas, which will likely affect the terrestrial ecosystem and lead to habitat fragmentation, at the

expense of many vulnerable species (i.e. Orangutan). Considering the high conservation value

and the presence of important bird areas, the direct impact on forest can also lead to a

significant biodiversity loss. Further analysis is needed to see the scale of oil palm development

with or without the forest moratorium.

Socio-economic

A major potential issue related to the MP3EI development in the concerned area is the existence

of land-use conflicts over customary lands, most notably in the context of new oil palm plantation

development. Land-use conflict over protected areas and remaining forests area can also be

expected when MP3EI-supported palm oil and timber production will result in pressure towards

utilization of already issued concessions in those areas. Promotion of industrial-scale plantation

can also out-compete subsistence agriculture, and thus affect livelihood of local communities

and contribute to social tensions. Public health risks can be attributed to the degradation of safe

water resources due to cumulative effects of pollution from existing artisanal gold mining and

discharges from palm oil production.

Illustration of the potential cumulative impacts in the affected areas can be viewed in Figure 2.6


Figure 2.6 Map showing strategic environmental impacts around West Kalimantan

2.2.5 Area of Concern: Pontianak Broader Area

Baseline Information The area of concern covers parts of Pontianak, Bengkayang, Sambas, Landak and Sanggau

Regency, with the main focus concentrated on Pontianak broader area. Despite the existence of

remaining forest and peat-land areas, partially registered as conservation areas such as

Gunung Raya Pasi Nature Reserve with considerable biodiversity value (i.e. meranti, marabatu

and Eugenia sp flora) and Niyut Penrissen Nature Reserve, the majority of the concerned

territory has a record of intensive deforestation, followed in some regions by intensive

agriculture cultivation and industrial development. Of importance is the cultural diversity of the

region with number of territories claimed as customary lands and locations inhabited by

indigenous people in Pontianak and Landak regency (referring to customary lands data from

Participatory Mapping Working Group [JKPP] in 2013). The extent of mining and oil palm

plantation concessions in the area is considerable and thus potential for future conflicts over

land-use exist.

Among apparent environmental problems, there are heavy pollution in Kapuas River caused not

only by the mercury contamination (artisan gold mining), but also by wastes discharge from

factories and agriculture (e-coliform bacteria and pesticides). An NGO, WALHI, reported in 2011

that mercury contamination occurs namely in upstream areas of Sekadau and Sintang regency,

where it exceeded any acceptable levels. As Kapuas River is still a significant source of water

for domestic use, concerns over clean drinking water provision are arising. Soil degradation is

another known environmental issue related to the intensive agriculture activities, including oil

palm plantation. The existing agriculture did not only affect the water quality but also the water

quantity due to the intensive use of water both for agriculture and oil palm irrigation, and

products processing.

Internal Scoping

17

Area Planning Main MP3EI economic development designated in this area belongs to the timber and palm oil

production sectors, represented by the Timber production node and number of individual

projects of various economic activities, including heavy industry projects (mangan

processing/smelter) located in investment zone (KPI) of Bengkayang. MP3EI roads

development is also planned to connect Singkawang-Pontianak-Sanggau-Sekadau. Several

power generation units are also planned to provide energy supply for the related economic

activities and urban development.



MP3EI economic developments in oil palm development and heavy industries are likely to

increase air and water pollution. Considering the existing water pollution from mercury

contamination is caused mainly by the artisanal gold mining, nutrients discharges and pesticides

use, the MP3EI palm oil production activities are likely to contribute to cumulative impact on

water quality. Similarly, the MP3EI heavy industries (bauxite or mangan smelter) may also

contribute to the worsening of air quality. If mining concessions are fully utilized in the future

(driven by MP3EI mining strategy), the impact may be cumulative and can affect the regional air

quality. The monoculture nature of oil palm plantation can also affect soil quality and lead to soil

degradation. Soil erosion and its effects in important watersheds and impacts on the

environmental quality in the downstream area are also of importance.

Ecosystems

The MP3EI support for palm oil and timber production may contribute to continuation of

deforestation and possibly lead to the habitat fragmentation and loss of biodiversity. Considering

the extent of area with already issued concessions (both mining and oil palm plantation), the

magnitude of the impact will be of strategic importance should majority or all of the concessions

be utilized. Although mining is not priority MP3EI supported activity in this area, if mining

concessions in the protected areas are utilized, there will be clear conflict and strategic impact

on ecosystems and habitat fragmentation.

Socio-economic

Potential socio-economic issues related to the MP3EI include increased risks to public health

due the secondary impact from water contamination (i.e. metals processing and palm oil

production). The existing contamination from mercury and E. coli bacteria together with

pesticides use from MP3EI-promoted palm oil production may cause the water quality to exceed

acceptable levels compared with clean-drinking water standards. Of particular importance is the

potential land use conflicts over customary lands related to oil palm plantation development.

This in turn might also trigger social conflicts with the indigenous people that are protecting their

territorial customary rights. As the economic activities grow, triggered by MP3EI policies and

investments, they are likely to generate extra pressures on public infrastructure, especially in

terms of water supply and waste management capacities. If additional capacities are not

provided, the impact may be significant to the population. Illustration of the potential cumulative

impacts in the affected areas can be viewed in Figure 2.7.


Figure 2.7 Map showing strategic environmental impact around Pontianak broader area

2.2.6 Others

In addition to expected impacts occurring in the above indicated areas of concern, several other

issues have been identified as potentially having large scale or strategic impacts from the

MP3EI EC Kalimantan planning. One of the major projects planned in the Kalimantan EC is the

development of KIPI Maloy (Integrated Industrial Zones and International Port), located in Kutai

Timur regency, East Kalimantan Province. To support the access to this area, a road is planned

to cut through Sangkulirang Peninsula and karst, which represents one of the most diverse

forests in Kalimantan. A key strategic impact from this development is the potential habitat

fragmentation and physical disturbance to terrestrial ecosystem, triggered by the open access to

formerly inaccessible forests that can lead to increased illegal poaching or logging2. Considering

the potential scale of impact triggered by activities related to the international port development,

there can be anticipated strategic impact to the coastal ecosystem (i.e. remaining corals and

mangroves). KIPI Maloy is located very closely to Miang Island, which is the major migration

area for several species of large whales and belongs to a habitat of the most diverse community

of marine mammals in Kalimantan waters. Development of the international port in close

proximity of the island, as well as proposed development of a coal terminal on the Miang Island,

would lead to disturbance and eventual disappearance of these large animals. In addition,

impacts on the social situation might emerge as well, such as an increase of immigration-related

problems that may entail the public health risks (e.g. possible transmissible diseases occurrence

and water quality supply issues) as well as socio-cultural concerns due to changes of local

social and cultural structure.

2 Feedbacks obtained from the stakeholder consultation in EC pre-scoping workshop, in Balikpapan, October 2012.

Internal Scoping

19

2.3 Summary of Scoped Issues for Further Analysis

Drawing from the results obtained during the scoping activities, each identified strategic issue

was preliminarily assessed in terms of potential geographic locations in which the conflict could

occur. Table 2.2 presents a summary of the identified strategic conflicts for further analysis

along with the details of the affected Kalimantan EC areas. These issues will also be

considered in further analysis carried out during the next SEA stages.

Table 2.2 Issues for further SEA analysis related to corresponding areas of Kalimantan EC

Type Conflict Areas of concern

Environmental

Quality

Increase of air & water pollution from

economic activities

Samarinda, Balikpapan (e.g.

Wain river), Bontang, Kotabaru

regency, Tanah Bumbu regency

Land and soil degradation due to oil

palm plantation and mining activities

Areas of agriculture activities (oil

palm) in East Kalimantan,

Central Kalimantan and West

Kalimantan

Peat land degradation and land

subsidence risks

Peatland areas in Central

Kalimantan and West

Kalimantan

Ecosystem

Further deforestation due to oil palm

plantation and mining activities,

including impact on legally protected

areas

Pontianak broader area, areas

within oil palm concessions in

East Kalimantan and West

Kalimantan

Habitat fragmentation and loss of

biodiversity (e.g. flag species) due to

infrastructure development and

economic activities

Kutai National Park and other

protected areas and unprotected

biodiversity hotspots in East

Kalimantan

Coastal ecosystem degradation due

to ports and coastal development

Pulau Laut, Balikpapan Bay and

Mahakam delta coastal areas

Socio-economic

Increased pressures on water and

waste management capacities in

urban areas

Urbanized areas in Samarinda,

Balikpapan, Bontang city and

Kotabaru regency

Land use conflicts over customary

land and indigenous communities

Customary lands in East

Kalimantan, West Kalimantan

and Central Kalimantan

Land-use conflict between industrial

plantations and subsistence farming

Agriculture areas in East

Kalimantan, West Kalimantan

and Central Kalimantan

Public health risks related to

environmental quality (air, water and

food contamination)


Balikpapan, Bontang city and

Kotabaru regency


2.4 Preliminary Recommendations

Following the internal scoping exercise, the following preliminary recommendations are

proposed.

2.4.1 Agroindustry

It is recommended that palm oil productive areas should be firmly established/ limited in line with

principles outlines in the Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) Production/Meja Bundar

untuk Produksi Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan. For Kalimantan EC, this should be applied in all

potentially impacted areas.

It is also recommended that provincial spatial plans should apply criteria for allocation of oil palm

plantation areas based on the ‘soil categorization’/kesesuaian lahan developed by Ministry of

Agriculture.

In addition, irrigation capacities that should be planned in the context of integrated watershed

management planning in order to prevent depletion and degradation of water resources

Possible MP3EI / RPJMN Policy Suggestion is to legislate, enact and enforce principles outlined

in the ‘Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) Production’

2.4.2 Mining

In order to mitigate the adverse impact from mining activities, it is recommended to apply strict

control of implementation during mining closure and reclamation plans (including their regular

update during the mine operation phase). For Kalimantan EC, this should be applied to both

existing and future mining activities.

In addition, possible MP3EI / RPJMN Policy Suggestion are as follow:

1. Introduce strict mining regulations for the design facilities related to, or management of :

- Hazardous material and tailings ponds (including restriction on deposition of

tailings/mining waste to the rivers/sea/lakes)

- Site water and waste management

- Site closure (re-cultivation)

- Also, firmly establish legal liability in relation to site emission, contamination or

accidents

2. Develop strict mining selection criteria for the EC/Provinces and require that all future

mining applications (via EIA procedures) comply with the regulations.

2.4.3 Heavy Industry / Connectivity – Power Generation

It is recommended to require that all planned industrial zones and identified pollution ‘Area of

Concerns’ undergo an appropriate level of environmental assessment (SEA) to determine the

likelihood of cumulative environmental impacts and to determine the need to:

• Relocate the planned industrial activities and/or

• Require the need to implement programmes to achieve cleaner production

Internal Scoping

21

Related to the above recommendation, particular attentions in Kalimantan EC should be given to

Kotabaru and Tanah Bumbu regency, Balikpapan Bay, Bontang city, Sanggau, Mempawah and

Ketapang regency.

In addition, possible MP3EI / RPJMN Policy Suggestion include as follow:

• Make application of Best Available Techniques (BAT) a requirement in all new EIA

(permitting procedures), and permit renewals

• Ensure consistent enforcement of compliance of industrial facilities with air and water

quality standards

2.4.4 Connectivity

It is recommended to develop new planning rules for the routing of roads or location of ports

and/or required mitigation measures (establishing ecological corridors, compensation actions).

In addition, it is advised to extend water and wastewater management initiatives for all growing

urban centres, as well as initiatives supporting alternative and clean public transport.

For Kalimantan EC, particular attentions in relation to the above recommendations should be

given to Balikpapan, Samarinda and Bontang city and Kotabaru and Tanah Bumbu regency

Possible MP3EI / RPJMN policy suggestion is to set strict goals, investment levels, and

operationalized steps to meet national goals for clean drinking water, sustainable modes of

transportation, and wastewater/waste management facilities.

2.4.5 Social Issues

In order to timely address social dimension (namely potential conflicts), it is recommended to

ensure that EC developments respond to the needs for quality and capacity of services in urban

areas (waste management, clean water and sanitation, education and health services) with

respect to the expected intensification of migration flows and presence of considerable migrant

population. Particular attention in Kalimantan EC should be given to Balikpapan, Samarinda and

Bontang city; Pontianak city and urban areas in Kotabaru regency

In addition it is recommended to ensure that EC developments respect the livelihoods and

territorial rights of indigenous people to avoid social conflict: In this regard, particular attention in

Kalimantan EC should be given to all relevant areas.

Consideration needs to be given to local fishing communities, whose livelihood depends on

production of the healthy freshwater and marine ecosystems, and also to the fact that the major

proportion of the population living along Kalimantan coast and rivers depends on fish and

seafood as the major source of protein, and their health will be affected by increasing levels of

toxins contained in this food.

Aiming at the higher level of planning, possible MP3EI / RPJMN Policy suggestions that can be

proposed are as follow:

• Ensure coordinating and technical assistance of responsible ministries (i.e. Coordinating

Ministry of Social Welfare, Ministry of Health etc) in order to systematically address social

issues resulting from the MP3EI developments

• Ensure availability of financial funds to develop infrastructures and services necessary to

accommodate anticipated additional needs resulting from the MP3EI developments

• Ensure streamlining/coordination of policy related to acknowledgement and protection of

customary lands and indigenous peoples’ rights.


3 Stakeholder/Public Consultation

Stakeholder and Public Consultation is a key part of the SEA process. Consultation constituents

a key procedural step after the initial environment scoping analysis. Results of the consultation

process will be combined with the Scoping results and feed into the further detailed analysis of

strategic environmental issues.

Public and stakeholder consultation is a legal requirement of SEA as per Law No. 32/2009

concerning Environmental Protection and Management (Article 18, paragraph (1)) and the State

Ministry of Environment’s Regulation No. 09/2011 concerning General Guidelines on Strategic

Environmental Assessment (Introduction; Sections 3, 5, and 6). Consultation will:

• Greatly enhance the legitimacy of PPP for the community

• Ensure the commitment of all stakeholders

• Allow additional information to be gathered

• Gain an overview of the relationship between community groups and institutions

3.1 Organisation and Methodology

3.1.1 Stakeholder Mapping and Workshop Attendees Stakeholder mapping was carried out during the SEA Inception Phase for the purpose of all

consultative initiatives for the Project. The approach to develop a list of attendees for the

Kalimantan Scoping Workshop was to prioritise inviting the attendees and organisations that

were invited to the Pre-Scoping workshop. This list was communicated with both Bappenas and

KLH; and, after some minor revisions, the attendee list was finalised. Key stakeholders

organisations that participated in the sessions included Bappeda, BLHD, PPE (Ecoregion

Office), academics, professional associations, and NGOs.

The Stakeholders that attended the workshop are detailed further within Appendix D

3.1.2 Objective and Approach

The objectives of the Stakeholder Consultation on MP3EI SEA for Kalimantan EC were:

• To carry out planning level ‘scoping’ capacity building for future application for the involved

agencies and, also, to enhance stakeholder feedback

• To present preliminary findings from Internal Scoping

• To document and respond to questions or concerns from stakeholders for consideration in

subsequent analysis stages of the SEA

• To obtain additional baseline information and expert input that will aid subsequent analysis

stage of the SEA

This approach for achieving these objectives was to hold a day and half workshop, where the

first third of the workshop was dedicated to capacity building and the last two thirds of the

workshop was focused on presenting Internal Scoping results and obtaining feedback from the

workshop participants.

The session included tailored presentations or exercises, with supporting information in the form

of hand-outs and maps distributed to the attendees. The approaches and content for the

workshop are further explained in the underlying bullets points.

Stakeholder/Public Consultation

23

• Capacity building slides aimed to communicate

- The position of ‘scoping’ within the overall SEA process as well as it strengths and

limitations

- Various methods and tools for scoping

- What ‘good’ scoping consist of

- The MP3EI approach and GIS database

- Presenting generic animated slides illustrating the definition of strategic issues at the

EC level and further illustrating this with real mapped examples uncovered from the

MP3EI internal scoping

- Carrying out a hands-on scoping exercise of an identified area of concern

• Internal Scoping results focused on presenting or seeking

- The importance of stakeholder inputs and position of the scoping analysis with the

overall MP3EI EC SEA process

- The EC projects and Strategies (e.g. Nodes and KPIs)

- Each ‘Area of Concern’ and carefully outlining key baseline features, the MP3EI plans,

and the key strategic risk identified

- Immediate comment or feedback from the stakeholders regarding the findings

- Preliminary recommendations

- Opening the floor in plenary style discussions.

3.1.3 Overview of Proceeding Results

The Scoping Workshop and Stakeholder Consultation were conducted in Jakarta on 18-19

March 2014. In Day-1, a hands-on scoping exercise was undertaken to demonstrate to the

participants the approach to the execution of SEA scoping. An introductory presentation on the

key objectives and procedures of scoping were delivered, as well as the applicable general

approach usually used in scoping, together with illustration of generic scoping examples.

Following discussion of appropriate Scoping methods and procedure, the participants were

asked to undertake scoping exercise using MP3EI cases while using baseline information from

GIS database and discussing potential impacts from the MP3EI planning. In the end of the

workshop, evaluation forms were distributed to each of the participants to obtain their

feedbacks.

In Day-2, preliminary findings from the internal scoping were presented to the participants to get

their feedbacks for verification of issues and additional information for further SEA stages. A

number of substantial reactions and inputs were obtained from the workshop and documented

for the next stage of analysis. The responses addressed different aspects of MP3EI and SEA in

the economic corridor such as new baseline information, inputs to preliminary scoping results

and suggestions for improvement of the preliminary recommendations for MP3EI / RPJMN. The

detail description of stakeholders’ feedbacks together with documentation of the workshop, are

provided in Appendix E.


An outline of the agenda for the Scoping Workshop is presented in the following table.

Table 3.1 Agenda for Kalimantan EC Stakeholder Consultation

Day 1, 18 March 2014 (Half Day)

Time Agenda Remarks

12.00 – 13.00 Registration and lunch Registration desk

13.00 – 13. 15 Opening

Opening speech from KP3EI Connectivity Working Group

Opening speech from EC PIC Ministry

KP3EI Connectivity

Working Group

13.15 – 13.35 Introduction to MP3EI SEA

Review of General & MP3EI SEA processes

Scoping Phase

MP3EI SEA Team

13.35 – 14. 20 Session I: SEA Scoping Methods and Principles

a. Purpose

b. Common Approaches and Limitations

c. MP3EI Approach/ GIS Overlay-Matrix

MP3EI SEA Team

14.20 – 14. 35 Coffee Break

14.35 – 16.05 Session II: Hands-on Scoping Exercise

a. Definition of strategic issues

b. Application of scoping matrices

c. Example how to use GIS Database

d. Execution of hands-on scoping for MP3EI cases

MP3EI SEA Team

16. 05 – end Wrap up and closing

19.00 – end Dinner

Day 2, 19 March 2014 (Full Day)

Time Agenda Remarks

08.00 – 09.00 Morning registration Registration Desk

09.00 – 09.45 Introduction

General Review of MP3EI SEA and Objectives of Consultation Sessions

Overview of MP3EI Policies, Plans and Programs in EC

Definition of Strategic Issues

MP3EI SEA Team

09.45 – 10.00 Coffee Break

10.00 – 12.30 Session I : Internal Scoping Findings

a. Scoping Approach/Expert Scoping

b. Presentation of internal scoping findings of MP3EI SEA team using GIS maps

c. Discussion and Q&A.

MP3EI SEA Team

12.30 – 13.30 Lunch

13.30 – 14.30 Continued previous session (If needed) MP3EI SEA Team


25

Time Agenda Remarks

14.30 – 15.00 Session II : Preliminary recommendations for EC SEA MP3EI SEA Team

15.00 – 15.30 Coffee Break

15.30 – 17. 00 Session III : Plenary discussion Paparan Kelompok

17.00 – 17.15 MP3EI Next Steps MP3EI SEA Team

17.15 Closing

3.2 Summary and Resolution of Key Feedbacks

The key public comments were concerned with the environmental and social impacts of the

MP3EI planning in the economic corridor, and the planned infrastructures or connectivity

projects. This includes concerns over environmental carrying capacity of the region/provinces in

relation to MP3EI economic activities (oil palm, mining, heavy industries, etc); risks and impacts

to important ecosystem and biodiversity in the region, and how the traditional culture (including

customary rights) might be impacted by the new development driven by MP3EI.

Following are the list of key concerns documented from the stakeholder consultation, structured

along the area of concern. Details of consultation responses are provided in Appendix A.

Table 3.2 provides the list of these key concerns and the corresponding section within the SEA

where resolutions are provided.

Table 3.2 Key concerns & responses from Stakeholder consultation session in Kalimantan EC

No. Key Concern

Samarinda, Balikpapan and Bontang City Hotspot

1 MP3EI policies to designate Kalimantan as national centre for energy production will add

pressures to energy supply for the local, particularly for East Kalimantan.

2 MP3EI toll road from Balikpapan to Samarinda is likely to conflict with protected areas and

biodiversity hotspots

Kotabaru, Tanah Laut and Tanah Bumbu regency Hotspot

1 Public safety issues related to flood risks to MP3EI industrial activities in Kotabaru regency

2 Watershed management related to MP3EI mining and heavy industry activities in the vicinity of

watershed areas. Particular concern: Batulicin watershed

Central Kalimantan (Peat land) Hotspot

1 Upstream MP3EI activities (industries) in West Kalimantan is likely to affect the watershed

quality and quantity in downstream area of Central Kalimantan

2 Upstream MP3EI oil palm and heavy industries activities will have secondary impact to coastal

ecosystem in Sukamara regency

West Kalimantan Hotspot

1 Extreme landscape differences between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan may cause

impact from upstream activities in Central Kalimantan.


No. Key Concern

Other key concerns relevant to Kalimantan

1

Strategic impact from MP3EI individual project, i.e. Integrated Industrial Zones and International

Port in Maloy, Kutai Timur. Possible cumulative and interactive impact to the forest

fragmentation, coastal degradation and social issues.

2 Issues of overlapping land-use permits between different sector (i.e. plantation, mining, protected

areas) will cause the delay legislation of provincial spatial plans.

3 To include groundwater regime within water quality analysis

4 To include impact from emissions in physio-chemical parameter

5 To include the water quantity (resources) concern in the watershed management measures, impacted from mining activities (also relevant for processing/ heavy industries)

6 To include the issues of new and renewable energy into the analysis

7 To include land suitability analysis (kesesuaian lahan) to identify land capacity suitability for

MP3EI oil palm activities.

The consultation responses as detailed within Table 3.2 were generally in line with the scoped

issues as presented in Section 2 (Strategic Issues in Areas of Concerns). In some cases,

specific issues raised were at a level of detail more suitable for further assessment through an

individual project EIA / AMDAL process. However, all comments provided during the

consultations session were noted and addressed at a strategic level in the SEA assessment.

3.3 Relevance for Scoped Issues

Following the presentation of the results from the internal scoping exercise and some round

table discussion of these findings, stakeholder feedback was invited and discussed at the final

session.

The main topic that came up repeatedly at the stakeholder consultation workshop was that of

changing land-use (particularly from peat land areas to oil palm plantation and other land

conversion for mining activities), which in turn cause upstream watershed degradation that affect

the environmental quality in the downstream areas. Most of the stakeholders commented in

agreement that the present impacts of oil palm development and were very concerned by the

future impacts in land conversion due to the increased economic development driven by MP3EI.

The resultant impacts that were highlighted were the wildlife (protected areas) and watershed

issues (where upstream watershed converted and can affect to downstream environmental

quality). Others also concerned with the land suitability and environmental carrying capacity of

the areas that will be converted and utilized into oil palm plantations as it will also have impacts

to land and water resources degradation.

Some legislative recommendations (e.g. limitations of plantation growth area and utilizing the

degraded land for future development; introduction of stricter mining regulations and green

mining practices) were put forward (as provided in the minutes in Appendix C), but this is

outside the scope of the SEA. It was recommended that oil palm plantation and their supply

chains should be certified by either Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) or Indonesian

Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO).

As energy production is the main theme of MP3EI economic development in the region,

participants also stressed out the importance to explore alternative renewable energy sources to

reduce the dominant use of coal to supply the needs of MP3EI activities and prevent the energy


27

depletion risks for domestic use. This could include the use of geothermal sources, biodiesel

and recycled waste (can be used as fertilizers to supply agricultural demands as well).

Overall, the views appear to indicate that the impacts considered to be the most important were

direct present-day impacts from land-use conversion (especially forests and peats) that were

already affecting the population. Indirect future impacts, e.g. public health risks from increased

industrialisation or urbanisation, were not considered to be immediate, and therefore significant,

threats.


4 Priorities for Further Analysis

The results in this section were obtained from a synthesis of the results from the internal scoping

workshop (Section 2) and the feedback from the stakeholder consultation workshop (Section 3).

In terms of identifying the key strategic environmental issues, the findings can be summarised

under three major headings.

Environmental Quality Implementation of the MP3EI will lead to an intensification of pollution in terms of air and water

quality from infrastructure development and increased economic activities (e.g. mining,

plantations, oil and gas, industries). Decreasing level of underground water, land and soil

degradation (including peat subsidence risks) through peat conversion for oil palm plantation,

the risk of complete loss of upper layer of fertile soil due to repeated planting of oil palms, as

well as unsustainable coal mining practices will also become more prevalent in certain areas.

Downstream impacts of these activities (sedimentation, periodic floods and droughts) will in

some cases lead to environmental disasters.

Ecosystem Forest-based ecosystems will be severely impacted, including those within legally protected

areas and where peat forests are converted. This is mostly through changing land-use for oil

palm plantations along with urban and industrial development. Habitat loss and fragmentation

due to infrastructure developments and increased economic activities will lead to loss of

biodiversity, especially impacting on already endangered and important flag species. Coastal

development, leading to water pollution and increased sediment loading will also cause

degradation of proximal coastal marine ecosystems (e.g. mangrove and coral loss).

Socio-economic Increased urban and industrial development will lead to increased pressures on both water and

waste management. Expanding urbanisation and economic activities (i.e. oil palm and mining)

increases the risk of conflicts between developers and indigenous communities over customary

lands and potentially large risk of losing traditional/subsistent livelihoods from industrial scale

economy. MP3EI strategy on energy generations for national supply will also increase the

likelihood of local energy shortage for Kalimantan itself. Pollution, sedimentation and

coastal/riverside forest destruction resulting from proposed industrial development, oil palm

plantations and coal mining is likely to increase poverty in local fishing communities due to the

loss of livelihood. Toxins contained in the seafood due to the industry, mines and plantations,

are likely to impact health of the majority of human population, which largely depends on

seafood as the source of protein. There will also be increased public health risks related to the

environmental quality of air and drinking and bathing water.

In summary, Table 4.1 represents the key strategic issues to be considered further within the

SEA assessment.

Table 4.1 Summary table of EC strategic issues for further analysis

Receptor Type

Identified Strategic Issues Applicable Areas of

Concern Specific Areas for Further

Analysis

Ph

ys

ioch

em

ica

l

Increase of air and water pollution from economic

activities

Samarinda, Balikpapan, Bontang,

Kotabaru regency, Tanah Bumbu regency

• Mahakam River and

related watershed

• Balikpapan Bay

watershed and Batulicin

watershed

Priorities for Further Analysis

29

Receptor Type

Identified Strategic Issues Applicable Areas of

Concern Specific Areas for Further

Analysis

Land and soil degradation due to oil palm plantation and mining

activities

Areas of agriculture activities (oil palm) in

Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan

Penajam Paser Utara (East Kalimantan), Sanggau and

Kapuas Hulu regency (West Kalimantan), Kutai Timur

regency

Peat land degradation and land subsidence risks

Peat land areas in Central Kalimantan and

West Kalimantan

Pulang Pisau and Katingan regency (Central Kalimantan) and Kubu raya and Ketapang regency (West Kalimantan)

Ec

os

ys

tem

Further deforestation due to oil palm plantation and mining

activities, including impact on legally protected areas

Pontianak broader area, areas within oil palm concessions in

West Kalimantan

Sanggau and Kapuas Hulu regency

Habitat fragmentation and loss of biodiversity (e.g. flag species)

due to infrastructure development and economic

activities

Kutai National Park and other protected areas in

East Kalimantan

Kutai National Park, Balikpapan Bay, Bukit Suharto Forest Park,

Mahakam Lakes.

Coastal ecosystem degradation

due to ports and coastal

development

Pulau Laut and

Mahakam delta coastal

areas

Coral reef and seagrass beds in Balikpapan Bay and

Mahakam delta, Mangrove and marine protected areas in

Pulau Laut

So

cio

eco

no

mic

Increased pressures on water and waste management capacities in urban areas


Balikpapan, Bontang city and Kotabaru

regency

Balikpapan

Land-use conflict over customary lands and indigenous

communities

Customary lands in East Kalimantan, West Kalimantan and Central

Kalimantan

Areas are widespread and specific area to be further

determined

Land-use conflict between industrial plantations and

subsistence farming

Agriculture areas in West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan

Areas are widespread and specific area to be further

determined

Likelihood of local energy shortage from MP3EI EC

strategy on energy generations East Kalimantan Balikpapan

Public health risks related to environmental quality (air, water

and food contamination)

Urbanized areas in East and South

Kalimantan

Samarinda, Balikpapan, Bontang city and urban area

in Kotabaru regency


5 List of Reference

Jaringan Kerja Pemetaan Partisipatif (JKPP). 2013. Peta Indikatif Wilayah Adat Indonesia.

Bogor: JKPP

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2011. Status Lingkungan Hidup Ekoregion Kalimantan.

Balikpapan: PPE Kalimantan

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2008. Status Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2007. Jakarta:

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (KLH)

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2007. Laporan Pelaksanaan Pemantauan Kualitas Air di 33

Provinsi. Jakarta: KLH

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2009. Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: KLH

Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian. 2013. Revisi Draft Masterplan Percepatan &

Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemenko

Law No 32 Year 2009 regarding Environmental Protection and Management (Undang-Undang

Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup)

Miettinen, Jukka; Hooijer, Tollenaar, D; Page, Sue; Malins, Chris; Vernimmen, Ronald; Shi,

Chenghua; and Liew, Soo Chin. 2012. Historical Analysis and Projection of Oil Palm Plantation

Expansion on Peatland in Southeast Asia. Washington DC: NUS-Deltares-ICCT

APPENDICES



APPENDIX A – L ist of Basel ine Data

Contr ibutor



A Baseline Data Sources

A.1 National Data

No. Content Data

Format Language Source

Date

Received

1 Land Ecoregion Map SHP Bahasa Ministry of Environment 22-07-13

2 Sea Water Quality Monitoring in Indonesia Book Bahasa Ministry of Environment 22-07-13

3 Lake Water Quality Monitoring in Indonesia Book Bahasa Ministry of Environment 22-07-13

4 Population Excel English Statistic Indonesia 26-07-13

5 Illiteracy Rate Excel English Statistic Indonesia 26-07-13

6 School Participation Rate 2012 Excel English Statistic Indonesia 26-07-13

7 Percentage of Poor People Excel English Statistic Indonesia 26-07-13

8 Indonesia Basemap (Regency, Province) SHP Bahasa Bappenas 30-07-13

9 Indicative Moratorium Map Rev. 4 SHP English UKP4 30-07-13

10 MP3EI Road SHP English Bappenas 30-07-13

11 Investment Focus Area SHP English Bappenas 30-07-13

12 MP3EI Infrastructure Project SHP Bahasa Bappenas 30-07-13

13 GDP Rate Excel English Bappenas 28-08-13

14 Open Unemployment Excel English Bappenas 28-08-13

15 Indonesia Conservation Areas Map SHP English Ministry of Forestry 30-08-13

16 Moratorium Area Map (Forest, Peatland) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 30-08-13

17 Mangrove Area Map SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 30-08-13

18 Fire Hotspot 2005 - 2013 SHP English Ministry of Forestry 02-09-13

19 Peatland SHP English Ministry of Forestry 02-09-13

20 Mangrove Area Map SHP English Ministry of Forestry 02-09-13

21 World Heritage SHP English UNESCO 06-09-13

22 Health facilities by province PDF Bahasa Statistic Indonesia 13-09-13

23 HIV/AIDS Cases PDF English Statistic Indonesia 13-09-13

24 Malaria Cases PDF English Statistic Indonesia 13-09-13

25 Marine Protected Area SHP English Ministry of Marine Affair

and Fisheries 18-09-13

26 Oil Palm 2010 SHP English World Resources

Institute 23-09-13

27 Kalimantan Island Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

28 Sumatera Island Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

29 Jawa-Bali Island Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

30 Sulawesi Island Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

31 Maluku Islands Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

32 Papua Island Spatial Planning (RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13


No. Content Data


Date

Received

33 Nusa Tenggara Islands Spatial Planning

(RTRW) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Public Works 27-09-13

34 MP3EI Main Activities SHP Bahasa KP3EI 07-10-13

35 Coral reefs distribution SHP Bahasa LIPI (Indonesian Institute

of Science) 21-10-13

36 Sea grass distribution SHP Bahasa LIPI (Indonesian Institute

of Science) 22-10-13

37 Land Cover 2006, 2009, 2011 SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 23-10-13

38 Deforestation 2003-2006, 2006-2009, 2009-

2011 SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 23-10-13

39 Indicative Moratorium Map Rev. 4 SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 23-10-13

40 Peatland (source: Ministry of Agriculture) SHP Bahasa Ministry of Forestry 23-10-13

41 Illiteracy Rate 2011 and 2012 Excel English Statistic Indonesia 23-10-13

42 School Participation Rate 2011 and 2012 Excel English Statistic Indonesia 23-10-13

43 Disaster Maps GDB English BNPB (National Agency

for Disaster) 24-10-13

44 Disaster Risk Maps GDB English BNPB (National Agency

for Disaster) 24-10-13

45 Coral reefs distribution SHP English Ministry of Marine Affairs


46 Sea grass distribution SHP English Ministry of Marine Affairs


47 Mangrove distribution SHP Bahasa Ministry of Marine Affairs


48 Indonesia Land Customary JPEG Bahasa Ministry of Environment 06-11-13

49 Peatland SHP English Wetlands International

Indonesia 12-11-13

50 Orangutan, Tiger, Elephant, and Maleo

distribution SHP English

Wildlife Conservation

Society 12-11-13

51 Important Bird Area SHP English Burung Indonesia 20-11-13

52 Aceh forest 2006, 2009, 2011 SHP English Fauna and Flora

International 22-11-13

53 Orang Utan distribution in Aceh 2007 SHP English Fauna and Flora


54 Elephant habitat in Aceh 2009 SHP English Fauna and Flora


55 Tiger Distribution in Aceh 2009 SHP English Fauna and Flora


56 Waters Concervation Area in Aceh 2012-

2013 SHP Bahasa

Fauna and Flora


57 Mammals in Central Kalimantan SHP Bahasa Fauna and Flora


58 Orang Utan Habitat in Borneo SHP English Fauna and Flora


59 HCV Wild Life in Ketapang SHP Bahasa Fauna and Flora 22-11-13

No. Content Data


Date

Received

International

60 Dipterocarpaceae, Migran Bird, Tiger 2011 in

Lombok SHP Bahasa

Fauna and Flora


61 Mammals in Nusa Kambangan SHP English Fauna and Flora


62 Elephant and Tiger in Kerinci Seblat National

Park SHP Bahasa

Fauna and Flora


63 Tiger in West Sumatera SHP Bahasa Fauna and Flora


64 Sumatera Vision SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

65 Kalimantan Vision SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

66 Papua Vision SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

67 Sumatera IBA and KBA SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

68 Traditional Site_Merauke SHP English WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

69 Settlement_Asmat SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

70 Settlements_Mappi SHP Bahasa WWF-Indonesia 26-11-13

71 Customary Land SHP Bahasa BIG (Badan Informasi

Geospasial) 17-12-13

72 Custom Community SHP Bahasa BIG (Badan Informasi


73 Mangrove SHP Bahasa BIG (Badan Informasi


A.2 Kalimantan EC Data

No Content Data

Format Language Source Province

Data

Received

1 Laporan Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Tahun 2012 Book Bahasa

BLHD Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur

2/10/2013

2 Buku Data Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi kalimantan Timur

Tahun 2012 Book Bahasa


Kalimantan Timur

2/10/2013

3 Database Pengaduan Kasus Tahun

2013 Hand out

Bahasa BLHD Kalimantan

Timur Kalimantan

Timur 3/10/2013

4

Ringkasan Diperluas: Identifikasi Landskap Kawasan Hutan Bernilai Konservasi Tinggi Di Dalam dan

Sekitar Heart of Borneo, Kalimantan Timur

Book Bahasa

and English

WWF Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur

3/10/2013

6 RAD-GRK (Rencana Aksi Daerah -

Gas Rumah Kaca) PDF Bahasa

Bappeda Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur

11/10/2013

7 RPJPD Kaltim 2005-2025 PDF Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Timur Kalimantan

Timur 11/10/2013


No Content Data


Data

Received

8 Laporan FGD MP3EI dan RAD-GRK

Kaltim PDF Bahasa

Bappeda Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur

11/10/2013

9 Visi Misi RPJM Kaltim DOC Bahasa Bappeda


Timur 11/10/2013

10 Data lokasi pemantauan kualitas air

dan udara DOC Bahasa


Kalimantan Timur

29/10/2013

11 Peta Laju Deforestasi Kaltim- WWF JPG Bahasa WWF Kalimantan

Timur 16/10/2013

12 National issues overview Kaltim DOC Bahasa Pemerintah

Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur

13/10/2013

13 Draft RTRW Kaltim PDF, DOC, XLS

Bahasa Bappeda


Timur 29/10/2013

21 Laporan KLHS TIMDU Kemenhut DOC, XLS

Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

29/10/2013

22 Peta SHP RTRWP Kalteng SHP & JPEG

Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

3/10/2013

23 Raperda RTRWP Kalteng 2011 DOC Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

4/10/2013

24 SK Menhut No. 529 2012

JPEG (Peta) &JPEG

SK

Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

16/10/2013

25 Data-data Pengairan PPT Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

6/10/2013

26 Kalimantan Tengah Dalam Angka PDF Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

7/10/2013

27 Perda No.1 Tahun 2011 tentang

RPJMD Kalteng 2010-2015 PDF Bahasa

Bappeda Kalimantan

Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

8/10/2013

28 Peta Sebaran Gambut JPEG Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

9/10/2013

29 RPJPD Prov. KALTENG 2005-2025

(Perda No 4 Tahun 2010) PDF Bahasa

Bappeda Kalimantan

Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

10/10/2013

30 Buku Laporan SLHD Kalteng 2012 Doc Bahasa Bappeda Kalimantan

Tengah 20/11/2013

No Content Data


Data

Received

31 Peta Laju Deforestasi 2003-2008 JPEG Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Tengah

Kalimantan Tengah

11/10/2013

32 Buku Data SLHD Kalteng PDF Bahasa Bappeda Kalimantan

Tengah 19/11/2013

33 RPJMD Kalimantan Selatan 2011-

2015 PDF Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Selatan

6-Nov-13

34 RPJPD Kalimantan Selatan 2005-

2025 PDF Bahasa Bappeda

Kalimantan Selatan

6-Nov-13

35 RPJMD Kalimantan Barat 2008-2013 PDF Bahasa Pemerintah

Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Kalimantan Barat

11/10/2013

36 RPJPD KALBAR 2008-2028 PDF Bahasa Bappeda Kalimantan

Barat 12/11/2013

37 Buku Data SLHD Kalbar DOC Bahasa Bappeda Kalimantan

Barat 14/11/2013

38 Buku Laporan SLHD Kalbar DOC Bahasa Bappeda Kalimantan

Barat 14/11/2013

39 Status Lingkungan Hidup Ekoregion Kalimantan (Laporan Tahun 2011

PDF Bahasa

Pusat Pengelolaan Ekoregion

Kalimantan-Kementerian

Lingkungan Hidup

Kalimantan EC

25/10/2013

40 Peta Ekosistem, Land cover, land

system shp English WWF

Pulau Kalimantan

26/11/2013

41 hph kalimantan shp bahasa WWF Pulau

Kalimantan 26/11/2013

42 Laporan MP3EI Kalimantan DOC bahasa WWF Pulau

Kalimantan 26/11/2013



APPENDIX B – L ist of MP3EI Economic

Act iv i t ies and Connect iv i ty Projects in

Kal imantan EC



MP3EI Planning Information in Kalimantan Economic Corridor

B-1

B MP3EI Planning Information in Kalimantan Economic Corridor

B.1 List of Economic Development Projects

No Project Name Investment Value (IDR

Billion) Developers

Starting Period

End Period

KPI

Main Economic Activities - Coal

1 Coal mining exploration in Muara Wahau,

Kutai Timur 40.000 Private 2010 2015 Kutai Timur

2 Coal Production Capacity Improvement, PT

Kaltim Prima Coal 1.410 Private 2010 2012 Kutai Timur

3 Coal Mining in Bangkalan Dayak village, Kec

Kelumpang Hulu, Kab Kotabaru, South Kalimantan

4.500 Private 2011 2012 Kotabaru

4 Coal mining in Serongga 1.170 Private 2014 2017 Kotabaru

5 Coal mining in Sungup Sembuluan 196 Private 2014 2017 Kotabaru

6 Coal mining in Bangkalaan 196 Private 2014 2017 Kotabaru

7 NPLCT (North Pulau Laut Coal Terminal) -

CBU (Continous Barge Unloader) 378 Private 2010 2013 Kotabaru

8 Over Land Conveyor development in Kelanis and Crushing Plant development in hail road

2.160 Private 2010 2014 Barito

9 Metallurgical Coal development project

(IndoMet Coal) 76.500 Private 2012 2013 BHP Billiton

10 CPP OLC West Mulia 658 Private 2010 2013 Tanah Laut

11 Asam-asam CPP and OLC 460 Private 2010 2013 Tanah Laut

12 Coal production and exploration in Coal in

Batulicin 100 Private 2010 2016

Tanah Bumbu

13 Coal facilities development for upgrading plant

in haul road km 68 360 Private 2008 2014 Balangan

14 Pit Crushing Conveyor (4 unit) 5.400 Private 2008 2014 Tabalong

Main Economic Activities - Bauxite

1 Bauxite Development and Bauxite/Alumina

Processing factory development 7.220 Private 2010 2016 Ketapang

2 Bauxite refinery and processing factory development: Smelter Grade Alumina

10.000 SOE 2010 2015 Mempawah

3 Alumina CGA Factory Operations and

Development in Kecamatan Tayan Hilir 4.500

SOE-Private

2009 2014 Sanggau

Main Economic Activities - Iron & Steel

1 Iron ore refinery and processing facilities

development in South Kalimantan 1.200 Private 2011 2015 Kotabaru

2 Iron & Steel Making Plant (Iron-steel Industry development from basic form to iron crushing)

1.500 Private 2011 2014 Tanah Laut

3 Basic Iron-Steel industry development in

Kabupaten Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan 100 Private 2014 2016 Tanah Laut

4 Infrastructure development for Batulicin

Industrial Zones 1.900 Private 2011 2014

Tanah Bumbu

B-2 SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05


Billion) Developers

Starting Period

End Period

KPI

5 315,000 TPY Direct Reduction Rotary Kiln

Plant, Kalimantan Ironmaking Project 1.381

SOE-Private

2012 2014 Tanah Bumbu

Main Economic Activities - Palm Oil

1 Palm oil plantation and raw vegetabble oil

industries in Kutai Timur 149 Private 2009 2012 Kutai Timur


industries in Kutai Timur 142 Private 2008 2013 Kutai Timur


industries in Bulungan 159,5 Private 2008 2013 Bulungan

4 Added Value Enhancement by increasing the

volume of CPO derivatives product and packaging product

2.634 Private 2011 2015 Kotabaru

5 Palm Oil plantation areal development with

total of 200.000 Ha 10.000 Private 2011 2015 Kotabaru

6 Palm oil processing factory to convert to

cooking oil 1.200 Private 2011 2013 Kotabaru

7 Palm oil plantation and CPO factory 820 Private 2009 2016 Pontianak

8 Palm oil plantation and raw veggetable oil

industries 1.194 Private 2007 2012 Kapuas Hulu

9 Palm oil plantation and raw veggetable oil

industries 1.194 Private 2007 2012 Kapuas Hulu

10 Palm Oil factory development in Pamukan 53,5 SOE 2011 2012 Kotabaru

11 Capacity enhancement of palm oil factory in

Pelaihari 25,2 SOE 2014 2014 Tanah Laut

12 CRF development in Batulicin 43,5 SOE 2011 2012 Tanah Bumbu

13 Additional investment for new palm oil plant in

Sanggau 88 SOE 2011 2013 Sanggau

14 Palm oil factory enhancement capacity in

Rimba Belian 20 SOE 2011 2013 Sanggau


Ngabang 20 SOE 2011 2011 Landak


Kembayan 24 SOE 2011 2011 Landak

17 Additional investment of the new palm oil plant

in Landak 101,7 SOE 2011 2013 Landak

Main Economic Activities - Oil & Gas

1 Indonesia Deepwater Development (IDD)

Project in Rapak dan Ganal 70.000 Private 2014 2017

Rapak dan Ganal

2 Bottom up grading to add up the production capacity of fossil fuels, non-fossil fuels and

petrochemicals in Refinery Unit 5 6.000 SOE 2011 2015 Balikpapan

3 Gas pipeline development from Simenggaris

to Methanol refinery in Bunyu 330 SOE

Bulungan

4 Management of open access centralized

crude terminal in Lawe- lawe 4.400 SOE 2012 2015

Penajam Paser Utara

Main Economic Activities – Timber

1 Timber-cutting processing factory development (IPHHK) in Berau

7.294 Private 2011 2015 Berau

2 Industrial Plantation Forest development in

Kutai Kertanegara 5.250 Private 2011 2012

Kutai Kartanegara


B-3


Billion) Developers

Starting Period

End Period

KPI

3 Industrial Plantation Forest development in

Sukamara 349,95 Private 2009 2013 Sukamara

4 Industrial Plantation Forests development in

Pontianak, Ketapang 1.291 Private 2008 2013 Ketapang


Ketapang and Kayong Utara 715 Private 2011 2015 Ketapang


Ketapang 100 Private 2011 2012 Ketapang

7 Timber-cutting processing factory

development (IPHHK) in Kotawaringin Barat 893 Private 2009 2013

Kotawaringin Barat

8 Industrial Plantation Forests development 2nd

Rotation 14.624 ha 44,96 SOE 2010 2014 Kotabaru

9 Primary Industrial Plantation Forests

development, 12.769 ha 120,87 SOE 2010 2014 Kotabaru


Banjar 178,65 SOE 2012 2014 Banjar

11 Rubber Industrial Plantation Forests

development in Santilik and Puruk Cahu 21 SOE 2012 2012

Murung Raya


Pelaihari 126 SOE 2012 2016 Tanah Laut

Main Economic Activities - Copper

1 Copper smelter and processing factory

development in Bontang 12.000 Private 2009 2013 Bontang

Main Economic Activities - Food Agriculture

1 Food estate in Bulungan 655 Private 2011 2014 Bulungan

2 Food estate in Pontianak 105 Private 2011 2014 Pontianak

Main Economic Activities - Others

1 Tourism destination development for Derawan

and Tanjung Batu islands 150 Private 2011 2015 Berau

2 Tourism destination development for Parai

Kumala - Tenggarong islands 100 Private 2011 2015

Kutai Kartanegara

3 Primary macro single nutrient artificial fertilizer

industries in Kutai Timur 10.500 Private 2012 2016 Kutai Timur

4 Pabrik EGAN Factory development 342 Private 2007 2012 Bontang

5 Nitrate Ammonia factory development 3.150 Private 2006 2013 Bontang

6 Mining, factory development, Mangaan processing and smelter development in

Betung river 850 Private 2009 2015 Bengkayang

7 Rubber Industry Forests development (1000

ha) 41,9 SOE 2010 2013 Kotabaru

8 Pupuk Kaltim 5 (fertilizer) factory development

in Bontang 6.100 SOE 2011 2013 Bontang

*) SOE = State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN)


B.2 List of Main Planned Infrastructure Projects

No Main Planned Infrastructures Developers Description

1 Road: Sekadau-Sanggau Tayan Ministry of Public Works Length 263,8 km

2 Tayan Bridge Ministry of Public Works Length 3 km

3 Steam Powerplant in Sampit PT. PLN Capacity 2 x 25 MW

4 Road: Sampit-Pangkalan Bun-Runtu Ministry of Public Works Length 277,6 km

5 Tanjung Ayun Bridge Local Government Length 3 km

6 Sea Port PT. Pelindo III & Ministry of

Transportation Batulicin

7 Road: Tenggarong-Samarinda Ministry of Public Works Length 408,2 km

8 Steam Powerplant in Balikpapan Bay PT. PLN Capacity 2 x 110 MW

9 Sepinggan Airport, Balikpapan PT. Angkasa Pura I Operated in 2012

10 Express Way Samarinda-Balikpapan BPJT- Ministry of Public

Works Length 99,02 km

11 Maloy Port Ministry of Transportation International Airport

12 Railway : Puruk Cahu-Bangkuang-

Mangkatip Ministry of Transportation Length 290 km

13 Road: Tanjung Selor-Tanjung Redeb-Maloy Ministry of Public Works Length 523 km

14 Bangkanai Steam Powerplant PT. PLN Capacity 280 MW


B-5

B.3 List of KPI and its Allocation for Economic Activities

No Zones of Investment

Focus Allocation/Designation Province

1 Balikpapan Timber, Oil & Gas East Kalimantan

2 Berau Timber, Palm Oil, Coal, Tourism East Kalimantan

3 Kutai Kartanegara Timber, Palm Oil, Oil & Gas, Tourism, Pulp East Kalimantan

4 Kutai Timur Coal, Timber, Palm Oil, Fertilizer East Kalimantan

5 Rapak and Ganal Oil & Gas East Kalimantan

6 Kutai Barat Timber, Palm Oil East Kalimantan

7 Bulungan Timber, Palm Oil, Food Agriculture, Oil & Gas North Kalimantan

8 Bontang Copper, Fertlilizer, Nitrate Amonium, Basic

Chemical Industry East Kalimantan

9 Penajam Paser Utara Oil & Gas East Kalimantan

10 Banjar Timber, Palm Oil South Kalimantan

11 Kotabaru Timber, Coal, Iron-steel, Palm Oil, Rubber South Kalimantan

12 Murung Raya Coal, Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

13 Pontianak Timber, Palm Oil, Food Agriculture, Oil & Gas West Kalimantan

14 Ketapang Timber, Palm Oil, Bauxite West Kalimantan

15 Kotawaringin Barat Timber, Palm Oil, Iron-Steel Central Kalimantan

16 Kotawaringin Timur Palm Oil, Timber Central Kalimantan

17 Kapuas Palm Oil, Timber, Food Agriculture Central Kalimantan

18 Tanah Laut Iron-steel, Coal, Timber, Palm Oil South Kalimantan

19 Tanah Bumbu Timber, Iron-Steel, Coal, Palm Oil South Kalimantan

20 Tabalong Coal South Kalimantan

21 Balangan Coal South Kalimantan

22 Barito Coal, Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

23 Sanggau Palm Oil, Bauxite West Kalimantan

24 Sintang Timber, Rubber West Kalimantan

25 Kapuas Hulu Palm Oil West Kalimantan

26 Lamandau Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

27 Katingan Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

28 Sukamara Timber, Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

29 Seruyan Palm Oil Central Kalimantan

30 Sambas Palm Oil, Timber West Kalimantan

31 Kubu Palm Oil West Kalimantan

32 Landak Palm Oil, Timber West Kalimantan

33 Melawi Palm Oil, Timber West Kalimantan

34 Penajam Paser Palm Oil East Kalimantan

35 Bengkayang Palm Oil, Mangan West Kalimantan

36 Mempawah Bauxite West Kalimantan

37 Other KPI Timber, Palm Oil, Coal, Iron-Steel, Bauxite others

Source: Kemenko Perekonomian, 2013



APPENDIX C – Scoping Matr ix



Scoping Matrix

C-1

C Scoping Matrix

C.1 Mining (Including Oil & Gas Drilling)

Sustainability

Receptors Potential Issues of Concern

Strategic Risk/Opportunities Categories

Further Explanation & Likely Locations

of Strategic Issue

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Environmental Quality

Water

Potential massive territorial expansion of mining

areas – e.g. Kota Baru regency and existing coal

mines present there – may lead to physical

disturbance to surface / underground water flows

(watershed wide)

(-) (-)

Particular risk of wide scale pollution

discharges to Mahakam, Barito, and

Batulicin River systems.

Further analysis regarding the estimation of

potential future impacts from overall mining

development to watersheds in Kalimantan

is needed.

Yes

Pollution and contamination of water from tailings

leakages and waste water discharge in the area of

Kota Baru.

Potential effects of tailings and coal disposal

(intentional or accidental) directly to sea

water/coastal areas

(-) (-)

Areas of concern: similar to above location

Extension of already existing extensive

coal base in Kota Baru regency (e.g. Pulau

Laut island)

Further analysis regarding the estimated

risks of the water pollution in the mining

concession areas is required.

Yes

C-2 SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Possible concerns regarding waste water

discharge from Oil & Gas activities (e.g. water

treatment from maintenance of the infrastructure),

however these can be addressed at a project level.

(-)

Provisions for safety and sound

environmental management of oil & gas

processing operations needs to be ensured

at the project / EIA level.

Air & Climate

Air emissions resulting from mining and raw

material handling operations – particularly dust

particles. Potential clustering with other existing

mining activities, the produced emissions can

cause impacts to regional air quality.

(-) (-)

Considering the scale, and cumulative

effects (combination with heavy industry

and energy generation), the issue is of

strategic importance.

Of particular impacts to Kota Baru regency

(Pulau Laut), Tanah Bumbu and Tanah

Laut Regency

Potential risk of increased emissions from

local burning in households (burning of

coal collected by local poor population)

should be investigated further.

Yes

Increased GHG emissions from peat land

degradation (particularly CO2 and CH4 from the

peat drainage and deforestation.

(i) (i) (-) See details below regarding Forest

Scoping Matrix

C-3

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Oil & Gas related air polluting emissions (e.g. NOx,

SO2 and others) from new project expansion in

Bontang in area, with already low air quality.

(-) (-)

Additional analysis of whether increase in

atmospheric emission will lead to

unacceptable air quality at the project area

of Bontang needs to be conducted

The analysis should also result in

recommendation if the likely impacts can

be adequately dealt with at the project /

EIA level.

Yes

Land & Soil

Large scale land up-take will result from expansion

of mining operations (including tailings deposition).

Continuation of inconsistent and irregular

application of the ex-post management and control

of mining sites (reclamation)

(-) (-) (-)

Land-use conflicts of mining concessions

and Timber and Palm oil developments

(conflicts of MP3EI planning and provincial

planning, e.g. Central Kalimantan

Province)

Yes

Although there are no pinpointed projects in

peatland areas (only existing concessions), there is

a risk of the land subsidence from future mining

projects and related drainage of peat covered

areas development.

(-) (-) (-)

Particular areas are Kendawang

watershed, Barito watershed and Kapuas

watershed.

Yes


Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Ecosystems

Forest & others

Deforestation resulting from the surface mining

expansion. Overall MP3EI policy can lead to wide-

scale deforestation through a number of relatively

‘small’ mining plots.

Although there are no specific MP3EI mining

projects in the forests area, existing mining

concession areas (incl. palm oil concession) and

the MP3EI mining strategy may continue to

contribute to deforestation/forest fragmentation.

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Conflict between the mining and palm oil

permits and conservation areas conflict

Locations widely spread in overall

Kalimantan

Peatland degradation due to coal mining

development on peat forests by draining the peat. (-) (-) (-) (-)

Areas of concern: areas adjacent to

Singkawang city and Sambas regency (West

Kalimantan) where peat areas are apparent.

Spatial analysis of forest / peat land area to

be likely affected both by existing

concessions and potential MP3EI projects is

needed.

Coastal Areas

Risk of increased impacts from additional major

MP3EI offshore drilling and mining project –

resulting from (i) direct destruction of habitats and

disturbance of ecosystems (mangroves, coral), and

(ii) secondary impacts through changes in water

quality due to accidental spilling, discharge of

wastewater (e.g. acid water runoff can change the

pH of the coastal water and present disturbance to

coastal ecosystem).

(-) (-)

Particular areas concentration of impact

along the coast of Kotabaru regency, Tanah

Bumbu, Tanah Laut regency.

Analysis of likely cumulative impacts from

existing concessions and potential MP3EI

projects is needed.

Yes

Scoping Matrix

C-5

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Downstream Oil & Gas developments adjacent

(plants – settlements - urbanization, servicing

infrastructure developments) will further

exacerbate the negative impacts on coastal

ecosystems

(-) ? (-) Relevant for area adjacent to the coast of

Buntang Yes

Biodiversity

Direct disturbance and loss of biotopes from the

mining areas expansion; and fragmentation of

biotopes

Mining and oil & gas offshore exploration can

cause degradation of environmental quality (marine

and terrestrial environments). These may lead to

stresses to surrounding sensitive habitat and

critical important species that can contribute to the

loss of biodiversity. In coastal areas it can cumulate

with water pollution from other sources

(households, existing industries)

(-) (-) (-)

Conflict of mining concessions with

conservation areas and sensitive habitat.

Particular areas in Ketapang regency,

Melawi and Sintang regency (corridors of

important species located)

Areas of concerns are affected coastal areas

(riverine and coastal waters)

Fragmentation of forest in association with

mining access roads

Further spatial analysis of likely conflicts

should result in recommendations towards

the project / EIA level (i.e. what issues

should be addressed at these levels)

Yes

Socio- economic Aspects

Human Health

Increased employment opportunities, will increase

migrations and thereby increase the likelihood of

the transmissible diseases to the local residents.

(-)

Migrant population will constitute extra

burden on existing underdeveloped health

services

Health impacts from environmental degradation

related to mining (e.g. water pollution, atmospheric

emission etc) may be significant especially in

accumulation with impacts from other pollution

sources (transport, improper waste management)

- (

-

)

?

(-)

Project-specific. Potentially important in

Samarinda/ urbanized/populated areas

In combination with heavy industries, it has

potential cumulative effects


Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Poverty Employment opportunities can contribute to the

alleviation of poverty (+)

Livelihood

Former traditional livelihood will be impacted by the

influx of alternative culture and values brought by

the migrant mining workers. Increased migrant

workers also create extra pressure on services

(water, sanitation, health, education).

(-) (-)

Risk of customary land-related conflicts

Areas of concern: Kotabaru, Paser regency

Yes

In areas where mining activities take up customary

land for its expansion or production, a clear risk of

land-use disputes and social conflicts with

indigenous people are apparent. In cumulation with

other economic activities (e.g. palm-oil) the impacts

may be wide scale.

(-) (-)

Spatial analysis of likely conflicts between

indigenous communities and both existing

concessions and potential MP3EI

development is needed

MP3EI mining activities can open new employment

opportunities and thus improve the livelihood of the

population, though this may benefited a few group

in the community as mining sector usually have

more high-skilled workers.

(+) Analysis of mining-related economic

incentives, benefits and costs is needed.

Illegal mining can be an important source of

livelihood in some communities. Expansion of

industrial mining can strip them of livelihood

(-)

MP3EI projects do not indicate any

correlation with illegal mining. However,

artisanal and small scale mining usually is

usually apparent in gold mining (relevant in

West Kalimantan)

Scoping Matrix

C-7

C.2 Heavy Industry (Steel, Copper, Bauxite, Mangan – processing & smelting, and Oil & Gas processing)

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Water

MP3EI heavy industry activities in Kalimantan will

involve the discharge of large amount of waste

water (often containing toxic & polluting

compounds)

Definite cumulative impacts in association with

other activities, palm oil and mining concessions.

Additional heavy industries and the related water

discharges can lead to cumulative non-

compliances with water quality guidelines standard

(Palm oil processing have the impacts of nutrients

discharge to surface water).

Regional wide risks from the breach of tailing

ponds particularly from bauxite and coal processing

to the water quality

The MP3EI industrial development can further

worsen already poor water quality in Balikpapan

Bay (with existing siltation issue).

(-) (-)

Analysis of likely impacts of acid leaching

to water sources from the potential MP3EI

development

Potential problem of capacity of

wastewater treatment facilities. The

integrated system for handling the water in

technological process (including final

treatment) should be required at the project

level (EIA, project design approval)

Risked area: Kotabaru regency (Pulau

Laut), Tanah Bumbu regency, Kutai Timur

regency, Balikpapan city plus West

Kalimantan, Mahakam delta areas

There is a study by USAID regarding

coastal management of Balikpapan bay,

may be available in PKSPL Bogor)

Yes

Regional wide risks from breach of tailing ponds

(particularly bauxite and coal processing) to water

bodies. However, looking this could be managed at

the project-level.

(-) (-) Further spatial analysis of potential impacts

to the watersheds is needed.


Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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MP3EI heavy industry will increase pressure on

water resources as it will require large amount of

water.

(-) (-)

Locations as similar to the above.

Potential problem of capacity of water

resources. The balance of water resources

(availability of water for other purposes and

human use) shall be ensured through the

planning at the regional level (before the

project level decision making is concluded)

Further study on projections of water

balance is required

Air & Climate

MP3EI heavy industry will produce atmospheric

emissions (e.g. SO2, NOX). In existing urban or

industrialised areas, there is a clear risk of

cumulative impact. If these industries use their

own power, coal will likely be the major source of

power.

Risk of cumulative air quality impact to the local

residents in Balikpapan from combined activities

from heavy industries and future power generations

and existing power generations and likely future

traffic congestion.

(-) (-) (-)

Kotabaru regency, Tanah Laut regency,

Kutai Timur regency and some areas in

West Kalimantan.

Scale of impacts would largely depend on

technology and level of environmental

management of the facilities.

High energy-intensive industries can trigger

increased GHG emissions by creating high energy

demand which will be mainly satisfied by fossil-

fuels based energy.

(-) (-) (-) Emissions generated by power supply are

considered in the Energy sector

Scoping Matrix

C-9

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Land & Soil

Soil uptake as a result of territorial expansion of the

industrial facilities can lead to soil degradation.

However this risk should be addressed through

provincial / local spatial planning and at the project

level (and related environmental assessments).

(-)

Kotabaru regency, Tanah Laut regency,

Kutai Timur regency and areas in West

Kalimantan

Risk of soil contamination both in situ (from tailing

ponds) and through toxic (atmospheric) deposition.

Uncontrolled industrial landfills, in principle can

lead to potential wide-scale impacts to groundwater

and soils quality but it can be managed in a project

level.

(-) (-)

Non-ferrous metals industry is associated

with highly toxic emissions throughout the

whole production process

Ecosystems

Forest & others

There is no direct strategic impact from heavy

industry projects to forests, however secondary

impacts in association with supporting

infrastructure for these industries will have likely

risks. This will be addressed in Connectivity

section.

No major strategic impacts expected from Oil and

Gas processing but possible risks fragmentation

from pipelines is apparent., which however can be

addressed at the levels of provincial spatial

planning and project design (and relevant

environmental assessments)

Relevant only for the new pipelines – Bunyu

island – Simmengaris block

Substantive risk of increased pressure on forest

from acidic atmospheric deposition, however Long-range pollution possible


Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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analysis of likely air emissions coming from all

MP3EI development in Kalimantan to see possible

cumulative impacts is required

Effects depends on resilience of ecosystems

(e.g. limestone bedrock areas less

vulnerable)

MP3EI energy generations use hydropower, there

is potential likelihood to significant forest

degradation.

Coastal Areas

MP3EI heavy industries will cause primary impact

to coastal areas via emissions and disposal of

wastes to coastal water which will lead to

secondary impact on coastal degradation (e.g.

mangroves, sea grass and coral). Especially

integrated industrial development around ports will

have cumulative impacts.

(-)

East Kalimantan (Bontang and Balikpapan);

South Kalimantan (Kotabaru) and West

Kalimantan

Biodiversity

Possible risks of contamination through wastewater

from industries can lead to changes in the water

quality and thus negatively affect biodiversity in

aquatic ecosystems.

(-) ??? (-)

Developments take place mostly in already

degraded areas, nevertheless additional

burden constitute a critical situation for

certain sensitive species.

Yes


Human Health

High occupational health risks from smelting and

related industries in association with secondary

impacts from water/air quality, however the impact

is more localized and can be dealt in project level.

Likely impacts to the population living around

industrial sites will have larger scale too.

(-) (-)

Locations are similar with affected areas of

air and water quality section.

Analysis of likely air emissions coming from

all MP3EI development in Kalimantan is

needed to estimate the likely overall MP3EI

impacts and its cumulation with other

sources

Yes

Scoping Matrix

C-11

Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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Increased migrant workers in heavy industry

projects can cause risks in transmissible diseases

for population adjacent to the industrial sites.

(-) Areas of concen: Balikpapan city, Bontang

city, Tanah Bumbu and Kota Baru regency.

Poverty

New employment opportunities can contribute to

the alleviation of poverty, however further analysis

regarding employment rate in industry is required

to identify the scale of impact in regional level.

(-) Yes

Livelihood

Increase of employment opportunities for certain

professions in industry will change the former

livelihood, taken together with other economic

activities the impact may be cumulative. Possible

loss of livelihood for certain communities (e.g.

agriculture, tourism) in the vicinity of industrial

sites.

Locations in new urban/industrial areas in

Tanah Bumbu and Kotabaru regency

Further economic analysis of costs and

benefits related to industrial development on

regional level is needed

Yes

Potential risks of limiting access to clean water for

communities downstream of the industry due to

pollution of water resources and/or depletion of

water resources (due to increased demand from

industry).

Likely secondary impacts to human health are

described in the respective section above.

(-)

Areas of concern are urban industrialised

areas in Tanah Bumbu and Kotabaru

regency. More stresses may occur in

Balikpapan and Bontang city where existing

water quality is already poor.

Potential social conflict with indigenous people.

However, since the location of MP3EI industry

projects are only indicative, it is hard to locate the

exact affected areas. Considering the future

development under MP3EI EC planning in

(-) (-) (-)

Areas of likely affected: customary land and

indigenous community in Kotabaru, Barito

Selatan, Ketapang and Landak regency.

Further verification on delineation of

Yes


Sustainability




of Strategic Issue

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designated node for coal mining, palm oil and

timber activities, the impact would be significant as

they overlap with customary lands and areas of

indigenous community.

designated node for coal, palm oil and timber

activities is required.

Scoping Matrix

C-13

C.3 Agro-forestry (Palm Oil, Timber)

Sustainability



Further Explanation & Likely Locations of

Strategic Issue

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Water

Conversion of virgin land (forests, peat-lands) for

palm-oil plantation especially in cumulation with

timber processing activities creates pressures on

available water resources and triggers changes in

the hydrology regime. This can lead to local water

shortage especially in combination with climate-

change induced change in precipitations and the

likes. Though the impacts from timber development

may not be as large scale as palm oil plantation, it

is noteworthy to acknowledge the similar risks to

water resources.

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Areas of concerns in association with peat

conversion: Kapuas Hulu regency, Mahakam

river and Kapuas river.

Areas of concerns for Kotabaru, Kutai Timur,

Bulungan

Plantation developments compete with

conventional crops for water resources

Further analysis regarding water balance of

relevant areas needs to be established to

identify risk of water shortages.

Yes

Water pollution from pesticides, fertilizers,

sediments, and dissolved organic carbon from

plantations and wastewater from timber

processing. The release of pollution from peat-

lands can also contribute to deterioration of water

quality (peat-land disturbance).

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Sambas river, and certain areas in West

Kalimantan

Areas of concerns for water shortage and

pollution related to timber processing:

Kotawaringin Barat (Central Kalimantan),

Berau (North/East Kalimantan). Water quality

in those areas is already in poor condition

due to illegal mining and other factors.

Potential conflicts with other policy and

Yes


Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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activities such as REDD+ and tourism

development

Spatial analysis to identify the areas of

concern is required

Further study on the scale of likely amount of

polluted waters and level of pollution (from

timber processing) as well as location

regarding the proximity to watersheds, is

required

Air & Climate

Conversion of virgin land (forests and peat-lands)

for palm-oil plantation triggers LULUCF related

GHG emissions (especially from peat-land

burning). Likely impacts from timber development

are of smaller extent, however the risks are

noteworthy.

(-) (-) (-) (-)

LULUCF related emissions of GHG are

major contributor to the GHG of Indonesia.

Development of new plantations on forests

and peat-land needs to be in general

minimized and offset by effective mitigation

measures, otherwise it conflicts with national

CC related policy.

Areas of concerns: peat land areas in

Landak and Kapuas Hulu regency (MP3EI

palm oil projects)

Under MP3EI policy in Kalimantan EC, a

node of oil palm development in Kubu Raya

regency (where peat areas are apparent)

should also be considered as areas of

concern.

Deterioration of air quality due to direct impact from

peat fires (in sensitive peat fires areas or activities (-) (-) (-) (-) Further analysis to identify peat fires Yes

Scoping Matrix

C-15

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

Further

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of burning the peat-land) leading to haze pollution

to other neighbouring countries (i.e. Singapore,

Malaysia)

sensitive areas is needed.

Land & Soil

Peat land degradation from drying, melioration and

burning practices of peat for palm oil resulting in

land subsidence.

(-)

(-)

(-)

Areas of concern: peat land areas in Landak

and Kapuas Hulu regency (MP3EI palm oil

projects); Kubu Raya regency (overlap of

MP3EI node of palm oil activities and

peatland areas)

Soil degradation (pollution or erosion) in

association with clear-cutting logging practices and

intensive n agriculture techniques.

(-) (-)

Risks of unsustainable land management. Under

MP3EI policy, strong planning initiative to utilize

broad search of lands for palm oil can lead to

unproductive lands with less economic value in the

future if it is not managed sustainably.

(-) (-) (-)

Locations are widespread, specific concerns

are areas in West Kalimantan (Ketapang &

Kuburaya regency) where node of palm oil

activities are planned.

Areas in Landak, Pontianak, Sanggau and

Kotabaru regency are also of important

concerns (MP3EI palm oil projects).

Ecosystems

Forest & others

Data from forest cover change shows that

deforestation mostly occurred in palm oil

development areas.

Therefore further forest conversion for palm oil and

timber development will drive large-scale

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Exacerbation of existing deforestation trends

Further analysis regarding the forest cover

change due to the palm oil/timber

development is required (considering both

existing concessions as well as possible

Yes


Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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deforestation. If palm oil concession areas are fully

utilized, the risks to forest habitat will be significant

in scale.

M3PEI.driven development)

Location is widespread but further GIS

analysis is needed to illustrate the risked

deforestation areas.

Coastal Areas

Mangrove forests loss in association with logging

for timber development (forestry products). This will

creates pressures on environmental quality on

coastal ecosystem depending on mangrove

forests. Though the footprint produced from timber

sector is not as significant as peat and palm oil

plantations, the risks are noteworthy.

(-) (-)

Lumber mills excessive capacity contributes

as major driver for mangroves loss in

Kalimantan context.

Further spatial analysis to establish location

of sensitive areas is required.

Yes

Secondary impact from draining peats in the

coastal areas for palm oil will lead to the land

subsidence and thus increased risks of seawater

intrusion can cause damages the coastal

ecosystem.

(-) (-)

Secondary impact of the water pollution in

upstream area to coastal water quality. Combined

with increased amount of river flows through rainy

period, the impact will be cumulative in nature. On

the other hand, large flow may help to dilute the

concentration of pollutants down to the acceptable

level.

(-) (-)

Widespread in coastal areas (close

correlation between watershed affected by

mining and palm oil plantation).

Further analysis of potential level of water

pollution (see above) is required.

Biodiversity Wide-scale deforestation in essential terrestrial

biodiversity habitats leading to habitat destruction

and fragmentation, (with direct impact on

(-) (-) (-) Direct conflict with remaining intact

biodiversity rich territories of World

Scoping Matrix

C-17

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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endangered species) e.g loss of orang-utan due to

logging and forest conversion.

importance

Locations of Orangutan habitat distribution in

Central Kalimantan (Sebangau and Tanjung

Putting National Parks)

Some of endangered species include

hornbill, proboscis monkeys, gibbons

Secondary impact to coastal biodiversity – due to

mangroves conversion for timber as well as

potentially due to increased water pollution in

coastal waters. Of particular importance are

species (both marine and terrestrial) relying on

mangrove ecosystems. Other indirect impacts to

biodiversity may result from increased risks of

poaching in newly opened areas and their

accessibility via palm-oil / timber related

infrastructure.

(-) (-) Spatial analysis is required to further

determine sensitive locations. Yes


Human Health

Occupational health issues of plantation workers

exposed to pesticides, however looking at the scale

it may not be of strategic importance.

Not strategic

Secondary impact from water pollution (e.g.

pesticide, fertilizers, dissolved organic carbon) to

main water sources for communities living adjacent

to plantation areas and downstream.

(-)

Areas of concern: settlement areas adjacent

to following river system, e.g. Kayan, Cengal,

Bangkalan, Batulicin and Kapuas River

Systems.

Further analysis on water quality on main

Yes


Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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river system used for water supply is

required

Livelihood

Potentially large risk of conflict with traditional

livelihood of rural communities, (subsistence

farmers, partially dependent of forest resources,

etc.)

(-) (-) (-)

Customary land is partially recognized,

however its protection not enforced

Areas of concern include customary land in

Kotabaru regency and indigenous

community in Pontianak, Landak and

Ketapang regency.

Yes

Secondary impact from peat land drainage for palm

oil plantation which lead to peat land subsidence

and increase the risks of flooding (due to sea water

intrusion) into urban/settlement areas adjacent to

the coast where major peat areas are located.

Similar to areas of concern in peat land

degradation section

Further analysis of the scope of the likely

impacts is needed.

Yes

Risks of depletion of the water resources due to

conversion of virgin land (forests, peat-lands) for

palm-oil plantation leading to pressures on

available water resources and triggering changes

in the hydrology regime (especially in cumulation

with timber processing activities). This can lead to

local water shortage especially in combination with

climate-change induced change in precipitations

and the likes.

(-) (-) (-)

Further spatial analysis of potentially affected

population is needed to determine

significance and scope of likely impacts

Yes

Land-use conflicts in association with overlap of

palm oil and mining concessions due to poor

planning coordination.

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Locations are widespread. Key locations

need to be established using extrapolation of

concession maps.

Yes

Scoping Matrix

C-19

C.4 Connectivity – Infrastructure (including Energy generation)

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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Water

Waste water discharges from in association with

power generations will contribute to water pollution

of the river systems.

Likely affected areas: Tanah Laut regency,

Kota Baru regency, Penajam Paser Utara,

Kota Singkawang, Sambas regency

Air & Climate

Increased atmospheric emissions that can affect

the air quality from ports development and power

generations. More considerations are required for

future industrial land-use around the new ports and

location of the power plants regarding urban

areas..

Coal based energy generation will also increase

GHG emissions.

(-) (-)

(-)

Likely affected areas: similar to areas of

water quality concerns (above)

Land & Soil There seems to be no strategic impacts from

connectivity infrastructure projects on land and soil.

Ecosystems

Forest & others

MP3EI planned roads cutting through protected

forests or peat land areas will trigger a strong

likelihood of land-use conflict between protected

forests and infrastructure development. When this

followed with other expected development in the

vicinity of forest areas, it can lead to forest habitat

fragmentation. Direct impact from footprints of the

(-) (-) (-) (-)

Areas of concern: Kutai National Park,

Forest areas in Kutai Timur and Kutai

Kartanegara regency


Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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forestry and the roadways itself to forest and other

sensitive habitats.

Increased roadway access to formerly inaccessible

areas leading to increased opportunity and

likelihood of illegal logging (forestry activities)

(-) (-) Location of risked areas need to be

established

Coastal Areas

Impacts to coastal degradation from ports

development and if some power plants planned

adjacent to coastal areas. Not only newly

constructed, but also upgraded roadways along the

coastal areas will contribute to disturbance to

coastal ecosystem (e.g. mangroves)

(-)

Risked areas in locations close to Pangkalan

Bun.

Risks to mangrove sensitive areas in

Pontianak city, Kotawaringin and Kutai Timur

regency

Biodiversity

Secondary impacts to coastal biodiversity where

ports development are planned in/adjacent to coral

or mangrove areas will put pressures on

environmental quality, which may be critical for

species depending on coral/mangroves habitat.

Secondary strategic impacts to protected

(terrestrial) species due interaction of bio-

corridors/fragmentation with wide scale impacts in

correlation to endangered protected species.

(-) (-)

Areas of concern: mangroves sensitive areas

as mentioned in coastal areas section; forest

and protected areas in Kutai Timur and Kutai

Kartanegara regency

When road developments in protected areas

are followed with residential settlement, it will

create pressures to environmental quality for

sensitive/endangered species.

Further spatial analysis of potential conflicts

is needed.

Yes

Increased roadway access to formerly inaccessible

areas leading to increased opportunity and

likelihood of illegal poaching

(-) (-)

Areas of concern: forest areas adjacent to

planned MP3EI roadways (East Kalimantan

and West Kalimantan)

Scoping Matrix

C-21

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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Human Health

Air and water pollution from infrastructure projects

(ports and power plants) is likely to have effects to

the public health of community living adjacent to

the development areas. Such impacts will likely to

be cumulative and wide-scale especially in areas

where clustered development (i.e. mining & heavy

industry) takes place.

(-) (-)

Areas of concern: coastal urban areas in

Bontang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Tanah

Laut regency, Kotabaru regency (Pulau

Laut).

Further analysis of air and water quality

impacts is needed as well as spatial analysis

regarding locations of proposed

development in proximity to settlements.

Ports development trigger urban industrial areas

near coastline and drive increased migrant workers

with potential vectors of transmissible diseases

(HIV/AIDS).

(-) Areas of concern: Kotabaru regency, Tanah

Laut regency, Kota Samarinda

Poverty

Improved mobility in the EC will open new

employment opportunities. The impact however

may not be strategic considering the majority of

population in Kalimantan still depending on

agroforestry sectors and extracting industries

usually employ more high-skilled workers.

(+)

Livelihood Infrastructure developments provide better facilities

leading to potential increased wealth. (+)

As known, extractive industries (oil & gas

and mining) is the major contributing

sectors to regional GDP in Kalimantan.

Majority of infrastructure development will

Yes


Sustainability




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increase employment from this sector.

Further analysis on the main type of

livelihood and contribution of improved

infrastructure to regional disparity is

required.

MP3EI planned roads cutting through protected

forests or peat land areas will trigger a strong

likelihood of land-use conflict with other economic

activities.

(-) (-) Areas of concern: protected forests as

mentioned in forest section.

Potential social conflicts or disturbance to

indigenous people where planned

roadways/infrastructures take-up their customary

lands or provide access to the formerly

inaccessible areas with high cultural conservation

value.

(-) (-) Areas of concern: indigenous community

in Pontianak and Landak regency.

Potential loss of livelihood due to exploitation

(deforestation) or losses of the natural resources

(e.g. pollution of coastal waters can lead to losses

of fish stocks) for local communities (fishermen,

small farmers, indigenous forest-depending

communities)

(-) ??? (-) Further economic analysis considering

major environmental risks is needed Yes

Scoping Matrix

C-23

C.5 Others (Tourism, Fertilizers, Food Estates)

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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Water

Increased demand for irrigation of agriculture

activities in food estate area and tourism activities

(i.e. hotels) creates pressure on available water

resources. The impact may only be project-specific,

however cumulative with other development

(industry, palm-oil) affecting water resources. .

(-) (-)

Areas of concern: Bontang, Kutai Timur

regency

Further analysis of possibility of cumulative

impacts is required.

Yes

Underground waters and water bodies’

contamination/pollution due to the waste from

fertilizers industry. If the wastewater treatment is

insufficient in area where tourism development are

planned, possible risks of water pollution may

occur.

(-) (-)

Air & Climate

Increased traffic (from transportation) to tourism

destination and associated waste burning activities

will likely affect the air quality in tourism

development area.

(-) (-) Areas of concern: Bontang, Kutai Timur

regency

Land & Soil

Risk of soil pollution and contamination from

pesticides and fertilizers due to fertilizer industry

development as well as through nutrients

deposition.


Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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Uncontrolled industrial landfills, in principle can

lead to potential impacts to groundwater and soils

quality but it can be managed in a project level.

Ecosystems

Forest & others

Potential localized impacts from tourism activities

though it contributes only small footprints in the

deforestation issues

(-)

Coastal Areas

Potential localised impacts on costal ecosystem -

due to direct destruction of the coastal ecosystems

( coral, mangroves, seagrass) and through

increased pollution of coastal waters (e.g. due to

tourism development and insufficient waste water

management systems)

(-)

Biodiversity

Potential primary impact from physical

disturbances. – tourism activities (diving, boat trips)

+ anything else? Secondary impacts from coastal

and oceans degradation as a result of ???? could

have cumulative impact to the protected

biodiversity in EC.

(-)


Human Health Secondary impacts from tourism migration leading

to possibility of diseases vectors (i.e. TBs, AIDS) (-)

Areas of concern: Bontang, Kutai Timur

regency

Poverty Potential increased wealth from tourism activities (+) Areas of concern: community living in

Scoping Matrix

C-25

Sustainability




Strategic Issue

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may lead to reduced poverty rate but probably only

relevant for particular groups (community living

near tourism area). Impacts may be however

limited only to population living adjacent to

development sites.

surrounding Derawan & Tanjung Batu

islands.

Livelihood

Decreased access to clean water and sanitation

due to waste from tourism activities – this is more

probable then the one below

Potential impacts on conflicts with the local culture

in the community

(-)



APPENDIX D – Stakeholder Consultat ion



Stakeholder Consultation Meeting

D-1

D Stakeholder Consultation Meeting

D.1 List of Attendees at Stakeholder Consultation

Day 1 – 18 March 2014

No Name Institution/Organisation

1 Henny Magdalena Universitas Mulawarman

2 Eddy Thamrin Universitas Tanjungpura

3 Sondang L G MoHA – Directorate General for Regional

Development

4 M Teddy Setiadi PIC Ministry for Kalimantan – Ministry of Agriculture

5 Astria Hernisa PIC Ministry for Kalimantan – Ministry of Agriculture

6 Rahmiyanti Bappeda Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

7 A Ristanto PPE Kalimantan

8 Esau A Tambang BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

9 Arif Wardani BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

10 Didit Wahyudi Bappeda Kabupaten Katingan

11 Astu Gagono Bappenas

12 Humala Pontas BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

13 Timothy Jessup GGGI

14 Syarifuddin Kadir Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

15 Tim Mac Hansen Royal Danish Embassy

16 Sugeng Raharjo Flora Fauna International – Indonesia Program

17 Wiwin Effendy WWF

18 Rahmat S Jaringan Kerja Pemetaan Partisipatif (JKPP)

19 Montty Giriana KP3EI Connectivity Working Group - Bappenas

20 Nizhar Marizi KP3EI Connectivity Working Group - Bappenas

21 Jevelina Punuh IFACS

22 Erlina D Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (KLH)

23 Isluyandri KLH

24 Roby Dwiputra KP3EI Connectivity Working Group – Bappenas

25 Fahmi Himawan BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

26 Sri Oka Rachmadita Bappenas

27 Sugito Said Bappeda Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

28 Ariadi Noor Bappeda Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

29 Hasbi Berliani Kemitraan/Partnership for Governance Reform

30 Taswin Munier DANIDA ESP3

31 Nanda Ratna A KP3EI Connectivity Working Group – Bappenas

32 Wayan Deddy NS KP3EI Connectivity Working Group – Bappenas

33 Afrike WS Kemenko Perekonomian

34 Hakimatul M Kemenko Perekonomian

35 Heri Herdiansyah Kemenko Perekonomian

36 Ikrar Eka PG Kemenko Perekonomian

37 Budi Nugraha Bappenas

38 Achmad Daraja Bappenas

39 Mochammad Ikbal Bappenas

D-2 SEA for Indonesian Master Plan for Accelerated Economic Development (MP3EI) / Scoping Report / JVB / 2014-05

Day 2 – 19 March 2014

No Name Institution/Organisation

1 Trine Bargsteen DANIDA ESP3 NCU

2 Kurnya Boesad CCCI

3 Heri Susanto PPE Kalimantan

4 Peter Oksen DANIDA ESP3 NCU

5 Silva Bertus Coni Bappenas

6 Rahmiyanti BappedaKalsel

7 A. Ristanto PPE Kalimantan

8 Esau A. Tambang BLH Prov. Kalteng

9 Arif Wardani BLHD Prov. Kalsel

10 Didit Wahyudi Bappeda Kab. Kaltim

11 Henny Magdalena Universitas Mulawarman

12 Eddy Thamrin Universitas Tanjungpura

13 Wiwin Effendy WWF

14 Rahmat S JKPP

15 Jevelina Punuh IFACS

16 Erlina D KLH

17 Isluyandari KLH

18 Fahmi Himawan BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

19 Sri Oka Rachmadita Bappenas

20 Ariadi Noor Bappeda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

21 Hasbi Berliani Kemitraan

22 Taswin Munier DANIDA ESP3 NCU

23 Wayan Deddy N.S KP3EI Connectivity Working Group – Bappenas

24 Afrike W.S Kemenko Perekonomian

25 Hakimatul M. Kemenko Perekonomian

26 Heri Herdiansyah Kemenko Perekonomian

27 Ikrar Eka P.G. Kemenko Perekonomian

28 Sugeng Raharjo Flora Fauna International – Indonesia Program

29 C CSDMSW Bank Dunia

30 Humala Pontas BLHD Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

31 Syarifuddin Kadir Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

D-3

D.2 Copies of Attendance of Scoping Workshop/Stakeholder Consultation


D-5


D.3 Minutes Meeting of Stakeholder Consultation

MP3EI SEA Minutes of Meeting

Meeting: SEA MP3EI Scoping Workshop for Economic Corridor (Kalimantan EC)

Attendees: As attached

Absent : -

Date: 18-19 March 2014

Time:

Venue: Grand Kemang Hotel,

Jakarta

Issues Action/Remarks

Day 1 – 13 March 2014 1. Introduction

Opening speech from KP3EI Connectivity Working Group Bappenas Round Introductions of participants Objectives of the workshop

2. Review of General and MP3EI SEA Processes 3. SEA Scoping Principles and Methods

Purpose Common Approaches and Limitations Scoping Examples MP3EI Approach

4. Hands-on Scoping Exercise Definition of Strategic Issues Application of Scoping Matrix Example of how to use GIS Database Execution of hands-on scoping MP3EI Cases

5. Wrap up/ Closing

As attached in

presentation

Questions & Feedbacks

Bappeda Kalimantan Tengah - Concern over updated data over permits issued for palm oil concession and

selection criteria used to propose the MP3EI projects has not considered the land suitability (soil category) for palm oil plantation

- Suggested to also look at the upstream sectorial and ministry’s PPP and not only the projects for the analysis

All to note

Bappeda Kalimantan Selatan - Request to provide preliminary/initial reading of the reports (prescoping) so

they will be more prepared

All to note

BLH Kalimantan Selatan - Most rivers in South Kalimantan are already heavily polluted from mining,

agriculture activities and domestic waste. - Data of water quality monitoring is available

All to note

Syafruddin – Universitas Lambung Mangkurat - Suggested to also use the data/studies of watershed management in South

Kalimantan - Batulicin watershed has been determined as prioritised area for integrated

watershed management initiatives. Data is available in Ministry of Forestry - There are three important watersheds in South Kalimantan affected from

economic activities: Satui, Batulicin and Kusan

All to note

Day 2 – 14 March 2014

Agenda • Introduction • Review of the Definition of Strategic Issues • Review of Baseline Information & Autonomous Planning

As attached in

presentation

D-7


• Presentation of Findings − Approach to Expert Scoping − Illustration of EC SEA Scoping findings − Discussions and Q-A session

• Lunch • Continued: EC SEA Scoping Findings and Discussion • Preliminary Recommendations • Plenary Session • Next Steps in MP3EI

Discussion and Q-A session for presentation of findings

Samarinda, Balikpapan and Bontang Hotspot

Wiwin (WWF) - Concern to consider individual project with cumulative and wide scale impact

such as KIPI Maloy (industrial zone and international port) in East Kalimantan. - Potential conflict with forest conversion for road development to the port (KIPI

Maloy) as well as potential natural capital loss (i.e. biodiversity) - Suggest to include offshore oil and gas production in the coastal ecosystem

impacts

Heri (PPE Kalimantan) - To adopt or use the information in the report for Greening MP3EI developed by

KLH - Suggested to develop more specific/ detail baseline information (location or

areal of land degradation, water pollution etc) as well as measurable further analysis.

Hasbi Berliani (Kemitraan) - Suggested to include the social conflict cases from secondary sources not only

the spatial data of the indigenous people distribution - To include the issues of overlapping of land-use permit as Kalimantan is one of

the prominent area due to this overlapping of land-use (no Provincial Spatial Plans are finalised)

Pak Fahmi (BLH Kalimantan Timur) - Concern over contradiction between MP3EI policies and Central Government

policies. A proposed pipeline (out of MP3EI) will be developed to distribute the energy production from Kalimantan to Java island. This creates concern as Kalimantan itself already experiencing risks in energy supply.

- Concern over proposed toll road from Balikpapan-Samarinda that will conflict with Forest Park in East Kalimantan (no spatial plan has been finalised for this protected areas)

Kotabaru and Tanah Bumbu regency Hotspot

Pak Ariadi (Bappeda Kalimantan Selatan) - To use the primary data and valid information as the recommendation will be

suggested for RPJMN that may affect the PPP in RPJMD

Pak Humala Pontas (BLH Kalimantan Tengah) - To not focus on the projects (spatial) location of MP3EI but also possibilities of

other activities within the MP3EI policies (e.g. cooking coal industries in South Kalimantan)

- Suggested to include flood risks issues in the analysis - Suggested to include the forest moratorium map into the analysis with other

existing activities and MP3EI planning in the EC

Rahmat (JKPP) - New indicative customary land maps have been updated with additional area of

52 ha. Suggested to include the new updated area into the analysis

Central Kalimatan Hotspot

Pak Syafruddin – Universitas Lambung Mangkurat - Concern over extreme landscape differences in Central Kalimantan. Impact

from upstream forest ecosystem to the peat land ecosystem should be included in the analysis

Pak Umar (BLH Kalimantan Tengah) - Concern to consider watershed management issues in integrated and holistic

view, as some watershed in Central Kalimantan sometimes affected from the



upstream activities in West Kalimantan and vice versa. - Concern over permits issuance for MP3EI projects in protected areas - Concern over secondary impact from upstream activities (i.e. palm oil,

industries) to coral reef in the coastal area of Sukamara regency

Further comments/feedbacks on overall findings

- To include groundwater regime within water quality analysis - Recommend rehabilitation/reclamation as mitigation measures for mining

activities - To include impact from emissions in physio-chemical parameter - To consider issue of freshwater fish stock from upstream economic activities in

socio-economic impacts - To include the water quantity (resources) concern in the watershed

management measures impacted from mining activities (also relevant for processing/heavy industries)

- Recommend integrated watershed management as stipulated in the PP No 39 of 2012

Discussions and Q-A for Preliminary Recommendations

Agroindustry sector - Recommend to strictly stop forest conversion but to utilize the existing

deforested/degraded land for palm oil activities - Specifically for East Kalimantan to address the issue of water supply

management and protection of agricultural (food-agriculture) land-use from conversion into plantation.

- To include the latest forest land-use in East Kalimantan, referring to Ministry of Forestry’s Decree SK No 92/2012 as amendment to SK No 554 of 2012

- To also include requirement of carbon stock replacement (compensation) for peat land areas converted for palm oil activities

- To propose application of ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) principles for palm oil production instead of RSPO

Mining sector - Suggested to also consider the issue of mining permits management regarding

to ‘borrowed and used’ system for small-scale mining. Concern over manipulative practices by large scale mining companies to divide their mining activities into small-scale mining so no AMDAL is needed.

- Mining activities with PKP2P permits (increase of mining production). To also include the strict requirement of post-mining management measures (East Kalimantan Regional Regulation/Perda states to require the mining companies to undertake revegetation as of 70% of total forest cleared for mining activities)

- Include new energy and renewable energy resources as strategic issues and to be addressed in the recommendation

- To also include the Kalimantan island spatial plan and Heart of Borneo spatial plan in relation to potential conflict with mining activities or other economic activities

Heavy Industry sector - Suggested to put recommendation related to water supply for industrial

activities - To improve the selection criteria for site/location-identification for industrial

zones/ activities.

Social Issues - Suggested to put recommendation for developing/strengthening equal

partnership scheme with the indigenous communities by acknowledging their indigenous rights.

- Propose recommendation for issuance of industrial concession or other activities that conflict with customary lands (mining, palm oil etc) to consider the indigenous rights stipulated by Constitution Court (Putusan MK No. 35/2012 regarding Customary Forest)

D-9

D.4 Activity Photos

Montty Giriana, Head of KP3EI Connectivity Working Group officially opened the workshop

Tim MacHansen (left), representative from Royal Danish Embassy Jakarta, accompanied by Martin Smutny gave his opening speech at the workshop


Situation during the scoping workshop in day-1

Participants at the scoping workshop

D-11

Sondang LG, representative from MoHA delivered her feedbacks at the workshop

Ariadi, Head of Bappeda Kalimantan Selatan, delivered his feedbacks at the workshop



Documents

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Indonesian ...klhs-mp3ei.bappenas.go.id/documents/f2242be4-e039... · Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for Indonesian Master Plan