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Strategic Environmental and
Social Assessment in Support of a REDD+
Strategy for Kenya
A Road Map
May 2014
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
Strategic Environmental and
Social Assessment in Support of a REDD+
Strategy for Kenya
A Road Map
May 2014
ii
This publication was funded by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................iv
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 11.1. The Kenya REDD+ Preparedness Process .............................................. 1
SECTION 2: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT IN REDD+ READINESS ...................................................................................... 3SESA Strategic Component ........................................................................... 3Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) ........................... 3
SECTION 3: PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OF SESA ............................... 4PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 4OUTCOMES OF SESA PROCESS ................................................................. 5
SECTION 4: ROAD MAP FOR SESA .................................................................................. 5
SECTION 5: STATUS OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES, PREVIOUS WORK AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES ...................................................................... 11Status of REDD+ process in Kenya .............................................................. 11
Annex 1: TOR for the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) of Proposed REDD+ Programs and Activities ........................................................ 12
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................. 12DESIGN: HOW SESA RELATES TO THE REDD+ READINESS PROGRAM AND ESMF ................................................................................ 13SCOPE OF WORK ....................................................................................... 13INSTITUTIONAL SETTING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SESA AND ESMF ......................................................................................... 15
Terms of Reference of Environmental and Social Management Framework ....................... 16
iii
LIST OF ACRONYMS ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Lands
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
GHG Green House Gases
MRV Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
NCCRS National Climate Change Response Strategy
NFMS National Forest Monitoring System
REDD+ Reducing Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation
REL/RL Reference Emission Level
R-PP REDD+ Readiness Preparedness Proposal
SESA Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment
iv
SECTION 1: BACKGROUND
1.1. The Kenya REDD+ Preparedness Process It is estimated that Kenya has 3.47 million ha of forest (indigenous forests, open woodlands, and plantations) and an additional 24.5 million ha of “bush-land”1. Kenya’s loss of forests is primarily through conversion to agriculture or for public or private development projects, unsustainable utilization, illegal logging, uncontrolled grazing and exploitation for charcoal. Deforestation and degradation is evident in both the high elevation water catchment forest areas (popularly referred to as water towers), and in bush land in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) areas. Charcoal making is rampant because majority of Kenyans, especially those living in peri-urban and urban areas, heavily depend on charcoal as a source of energy for cooking and heating.
There is no current data on the level of forest degradation. However, Kenya lost most of its forest cover in 1990s and early 2000s where annual rate of forest cover loss was estimated at 11,000 hectares per year. The trend has changed and amount of forest cover lost has been reducing, thanks to deliberate efforts made by the government, private sector, development partners, local communities and civil society to conserve and restore degraded forest areas throughout the country and reduce forest cover loss. The water catchment forests have received close attention due to their significance in soil, water and biodiversity conservation, in addition to amelioration of regional climatic conditions. Further, the forests in water catchments have been flagged out as important in supporting the realization of Kenya’s long term development agenda, the Vision 2030.
1 FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Kenya Country Report, Country Report 180.
1
Figure 1: Map of forests of Kenya
The Kenya Forest Service, under the Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, is the state agency charged with ensuring sustainable management and conservation of forest resources in the country. KFS has 47 administrative boundaries in line with the 47 counties created in the new administrative structure of the Government.
REDD+ is a multi-sectoral program that the Kenyan government is in the process of developing to address the challenges faced within the forestry and other natural resource management sectors. The REDD+ multi-sectoral program is looking into the drivers and underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation, as well as promoting sustainable forest management for improved livelihoods and opportunities to increase forest cover in areas suitable for supporting trees.
With the total area of closed canopy indigenous forest in Kenya already reduced to about 2% of the land area and open woodlands to 3.7% of land area, the scope for REDD+ activities is aimed at reducing further deforestation and and forest degradation in the remaining forests and thereby reducing carbon emissions from these activities, but also, perhaps to a larger extent, on the “plus” aspects of REDD+ including improving management of remaining forest resources and enhancing carbon stocks on degraded forest land as well as through reforestation and afforestation programs. All REDD+ activities are being designed with a focus on co-benefits such as improving biodiversity and livelihoods of forest dependent peoples. REDD+ in Kenya aims at achieving four goals. These are:
• Realization of Constitutional and Vision 2030 objectives of increasing forest cover to a minimum of 10%;
• Supporting government’s efforts in designing strategies and measures to protect and improve its remaining forest resources in ways that improve local livelihoods and conserve biodiversity;
• Realization of the National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) goals and,• Contributing to global climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.
REDD+ has five priority areas of focus. These are:1. Reducing pressure to clear forests for agriculture, settlements and other land uses;2. Promoting sustainable utilization of forests by promoting efficiency, energy conservation;3. Improving governance in the forest sector by strengthening national capacity for FLEG ,
advocacy and awareness ;4. Enhancement of carbon stocks through afforestation /reforestation, and addressing the
fire problems5. Ensuring the country is ready for REDD+ implementation.
In order for Kenya to qualify for support through REDD+, there are several activities that have been lined up. One of the primary activities is the preparation of REDD+ Preparedness Proposal (R-PP), which was completed in November 2010. Currently activities outlined in the R-PP are under implementation. One of the main components of the R-PP is the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA). SESA provides a methodology for assessing impacts of strategies and implementation mechanisms, and ensuring that potential negative impacts are mitigated and positive aspects are strengthened. This Road Map seeks to support the implementation of SESA of the REDD+ Readiness process in Kenya.
2
SECTION 2: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT IN REDD+ READINESS
SESA allows for incorporation of environmental and social considerations into the REDD Readiness process at two levels:
• At Strategic level: assessment of legal, policy, regulatory, institutional and capacity context for addressing key environmental and social sustainability issues associated with deforestation and forest degradation.
• An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF): – Assessment of environmental and social risks of interventions/projects proposed
by the REDD strategy to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. – Links SESA with the national and international safeguard policies – improved normative frameworks and institutional capacities for REDD+
implementation, as an outcome of REDD+ Readiness activities
The strategic component is tied to the drivers of deforestation while the ESMF component is tied to the REDD strategy options and applicable safeguard policies. Both are interlinked.
SESA Strategic Component SESA Strategic Component seeks to:1. Identify key environmental and social issues relevant for REDD
– Situational analysis: assessment of environmental and social issues associated with deforestation and forest degradation
– Stakeholder analysis: identification and analysis of key stakeholders– Prioritization of key issues by stakeholders
2. Assess existing capacities and systems to manage priorities – Gap analysis: assessment of policy, legal, regulatory and institutional strengths
and weaknesses– Assessment of capacity gaps
3. Assess the extent to which the REDD strategy addresses the existing institutional, policy, legal, regulatory and capacity gaps to manage the priorities
4. Formulate adjustments and capacity building measures recommended to be included in the REDD strategy and the strategic ESMF
– Policy, institutional, legal, regulatory and capacity building
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) The ESMF supports an examination of the risks and potential impacts associated with one or more projects or activities that may occur in the future. The Framework sets out the principles, guidelines, and procedures to assess environmental and social risks, and proposes measures to reduce, mitigate, and/or offset potential adverse environmental and social impacts and enhance positive impacts and opportunities of said projects, activities, policies and /or regulations.
3
The ESMF incorporates procedures for:(i) consultations with concerned stakeholder groups; (ii) capacity building measures; (iii) Environmental and social impact screening, assessment, and monitoring; and (iv) The inter-institutional arrangements for the preparation of time-bound action plans for
mitigating adverse impacts.
The ESMF will provide the overall framework for addressing social and environmental risk management issues in REDD+ activities that are implemented beyond the readiness preparatory work.
SECTION 3: PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OF SESA
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVESThe REDD+ Readiness process should ensure that implementation of proposed programs and activities will not cause undue adverse social and environmental impacts, while striving to enhance benefits for local communities and the environment. Countries participating in Readiness activities with support from the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) are required to undertake a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) to assess the potential impacts from national REDD+ programs and strategies, formulate alternatives and develop mitigation strategies. SESA offers a platform for consultation to integrate social and environmental concerns into the policy-making process of REDD+. SESA is complemented by an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), which establishes the principles, guidelines, and procedures for reducing, mitigating, and/or offsetting potential adverse environmental and social impacts, enhancing positive impacts and opportunities, and otherwise guiding potential investments towards compliance with relevant safeguards.
The SESA is a tool that seeks to integrate social and environmental considerations into policy-making processes, leading to more sustainable REDD+ strategies. It supports the design of the national REDD+ policy framework, including the National REDD+ Strategy.
The SESA process should:• Identify the social and environmental risks as well as opportunities from proposed
strategies to reduce deforestation and and forest degradation as they emerge from analytical work.
• Involve primary stakeholders in identifying key social and environmental issues related to REDD+. This will include affected groups and local non-governmental organizations, as early as possible.
• Assess the options that promote sustainable natural resource management and have positive impacts on local communities as they emerge from analytical work.
• Where strategies could adversely affect the environment or local communities, identify alternatives to the proposed strategies and/or mitigate negative social and environmental impact.
• Provide a gap analysis of Kenya’s institutional and governance capacity to address adverse effects as they emerge from analytical work.
• Discuss recommendations to address key environmental and social impacts, and for addressing identified institutional and governance weaknesses.
4
OUTCOMES OF SESA PROCESS Implementation of the Road Map will lead to the achievement of two outcomes. i. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (compliant with World Bank
safeguards policies and other international good practice standards) reflects:• Policy, legal, institutional adjustments• Specific proposals for institutional strengthening and capacity building; • Procedures for environmental and social risk management of specific investments and projects;• Mechanisms for ongoing citizen engagement.
ii. REDD strategy integrates environmental and social sustainability considerations into its formulation.
SECTION 4: ROAD MAP FOR SESAThe development of a road map for the implementation of SESA in connection with the preparation of the national REDD+ strategy requires the consideration of a number of necessary steps and different types of gaps to be addressed in different phases. The road map lists the objectives of each step, expected results, specific activities and who is responsible for delivering each step (Table 1). The road map is guided by the SESA Terms or Reference presented in annex 1. Three phases have been suggested with the last phase being for implementation of SESA’s outcome as follows:
Phase I: PreparationStep 1: Determination of Coordination and Management Arrangements of SESA in REDD+
National ReadinessStep 2: Preparation of SESA ToR and recruitment of a SESA CoordinatorStep 3: Establishment of a SESA Road Map to implement SESA ToRsStep 4: Scoping of content of SESA
Phase II: Studies and Assessment Step 5: Development of clear communication and participation mechanisms to implement SESAStep 6: Identification/prioritization of drivers of deforestation and definition of environmental
and social issues and priorities in relation to them Step 7: Assessment of proposed REDD+ Strategy options, gap assessment and promotion
of recommendations Step 8: Assessment of environmental and social risks and potential impacts of proposed
REDD+ Strategy options Step 9: Refine strategy options Step 10: Development of ESMF Step 11: Development of SESA Report if needed as this is not a requirement in the FCPF
standing guidelines
Phase III: ImplementationStep 12: Implementation of REDD+ Strategy Step 13: Application of ESMF
The current road map is associated with a timeline of 2012/2013 for phase 1, 2013/14 for phase 2 and post 2014/15 for the implementation phase. This timing may be accelerated if desired, e.g., the need to move forward towards fulfilling the necessary institutions, systems and mechanisms for Kenya’s participation in REDD+. The first phase has been completed and the World Bank FCPF financial support being considered to the Kenya Government for SESA in 2013/2014 is for activities within phase II.
5
6
Tabl
e 1:
SES
A R
oad
Map
– s
peci
ficat
ion
of A
ctio
ns/A
ctiv
ities
to b
e co
nduc
ted
Ste
p 2
: Pre
para
tion
of S
ES
A T
oR a
nd re
crui
tmen
t of a
SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
Ob
ject
ive:
Est
ablis
h Te
rms
of
Ref
eren
ce to
gui
de th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of S
ES
A a
nd h
ire a
SE
SA
coo
rdin
ator
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• S
ecur
ing
the
supp
ort f
rom
rele
vant
go
vern
men
t age
ncie
s,
• S
ettin
g th
e ob
ject
ives
of t
he S
ES
A
and
draf
ting
of T
oRs,
•
Iden
tify
stak
ehol
ders
and
inte
rest
ed
grou
ps.
• R
ecru
itmen
t of
SE
SA
coo
rdin
ator
Key
Res
ult:
Inst
itutio
nal a
rran
gem
ents
fo
r S
ES
A im
plem
enta
tion
iden
tified
an
d pu
t in
plac
e
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Mee
tings
and
wor
ksho
ps•
Prin
t med
ia a
dver
tisem
ent
Res
po
nsib
ility
: RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal F
ocal
Poi
nt
Sta
tus:
SE
SA
ToR
s ha
ve b
een
final
ized
and
a S
ES
A C
oord
inat
or re
crui
ted.
S
tep
acco
mpl
ishe
d
Ste
p 1
: Det
erm
inat
ion
of C
oord
inat
ion
and
Man
agem
ent A
rran
gem
ents
of
SE
SA
in R
ED
D+
Nat
iona
l Rea
dine
ss
Ob
ject
ive:
Det
erm
ine
how
SE
SA
will
be im
plem
ente
d an
d co
ordi
nate
d
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• O
rgan
izat
ion/
inst
itutio
nal
asse
ssm
ent
• N
atio
nal r
eadi
ness
mee
tings
• In
stitu
tiona
l sta
keho
lder
cap
acity
bu
ildin
g on
SE
SA
Key
Res
ult:
Inst
itutio
nal a
rran
gem
ents
fo
r S
ES
A im
plem
enta
tion
iden
tified
an
d pu
t in
plac
e
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Map
ping
• M
eetin
gs a
nd w
orks
hops
Res
po
nsib
ility
: RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal F
ocal
Poi
nt
Sta
tus:
The
mat
ic w
orki
ng G
roup
on
SE
SA
has
bee
n es
tabl
ishe
d an
d is
op
erat
iona
l. S
tep
acco
mpl
ishe
d
Ste
p 3
: Est
ablis
hmen
t of a
SE
SA
Roa
d M
ap to
impl
emen
t SE
SA
ToR
s
Ob
ject
ive:
Est
ablis
h a
clea
r ro
ad m
ap to
impl
emen
t SE
SA
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Id
entif
y R
ED
D+
Rea
dine
ss d
ocum
ents
requ
iring
to b
e su
bjec
ted
to S
ES
A•
Dis
cuss
ions
with
Nat
iona
l RE
DD
+ C
oord
inat
or to
iden
tify
the
on-g
oing
R
ED
D+
wor
k es
peci
ally
the
one
that
is re
leva
nt to
SE
SA
and
sta
tus
• P
repa
re a
dra
ft ro
ad m
ap s
how
ing
step
by
step
SE
SA
act
ions
and
re
quire
men
ts to
impl
emen
t SE
SA
, •
Con
sulta
tion
with
the
Nat
iona
l RE
DD
+ C
oord
inat
or S
afeg
uard
s In
form
atio
n S
yste
m a
nd S
ES
A W
orki
ng G
roup
Key
Res
ult:
SE
SA
Roa
d m
ap e
stab
lishe
d
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Mee
tings
with
mem
bers
of S
afeg
uard
s In
form
atio
n S
yste
m a
nd S
ES
A
Wor
king
Gro
up/N
atio
nal R
ED
D+
Foc
al p
oint
• D
ocum
ent r
evie
w•
Mul
ti S
take
hold
er V
alid
atio
n w
orks
hop
with
mem
bers
of S
afeg
uard
s In
form
atio
n S
yste
m a
nd S
ES
A W
orki
ng G
roup
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal F
ocal
Poi
nt
Sta
tus:
A d
raft
Roa
d m
ap a
wai
ting
valid
atio
n by
the
Saf
egua
rds
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
and
SE
SA
Wor
king
Gro
up p
repa
red,
whi
ch is
sla
ted
for
Sep
tem
ber
2013
7
Ste
p 4
: Sco
ping
Ob
ject
ive:
Est
ablis
h th
e co
nten
t of S
ES
A
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Id
entif
y an
d pr
iorit
ize
key
issu
es to
be
addr
esse
d•
Iden
tify
rele
vant
crit
eria
for
asse
ssm
ent
• C
ondu
ct s
take
hold
er a
naly
sis/
map
ping
• Id
entif
y cl
ear
role
s fo
r th
e S
ES
A C
oord
inat
or, S
ES
A te
am a
nd S
ES
A a
nd
RE
DD
+ s
trat
egy
wor
king
gro
ups
Key
Res
ult:
A S
ES
A S
copi
ng R
epor
t
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Ext
ensi
ve s
take
hold
er c
onsu
ltatio
n •
Doc
umen
t rev
iew
• M
ulti
Sta
keho
lder
Val
idat
ion
wor
ksho
p w
ith m
embe
rs o
f Saf
egua
rds
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
and
SE
SA
Wor
king
Gro
up
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal F
ocal
Poi
nt
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
Ste
p 5
: Dev
elop
men
t of a
cle
ar c
omm
unic
atio
n an
d pa
rtic
ipat
ion
mec
hani
sm to
impl
emen
t SE
SA
Ob
ject
ive:
Est
ablis
h a
SE
SA
Spe
cific
out
reac
h, c
omm
unic
atio
n, a
nd
cons
ulta
tive
mec
hani
sm a
s gu
ided
by
the
Nat
iona
l Con
sulta
tion
and
Par
ticip
atio
n P
lan
(C&
P)
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Im
plem
enta
tion
of T
oRs
on in
form
atio
n an
d co
mm
unic
atio
n st
rate
gy w
hich
ha
ve b
een
final
ized
• Fe
edba
ck c
onsu
ltativ
e m
eetin
gs o
n S
ES
A C
& P
with
mem
bers
of
Saf
egua
rds
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
and
SE
SA
Wor
king
Gro
up•
Iden
tifica
tion
of s
take
hold
ers
to b
e co
nsul
ted
and
mea
ns o
f eng
agem
ent
• Id
entifi
catio
n of
com
mun
icat
ion/
outre
ach
tool
s, e
.g p
olic
y br
iefs
, bro
chur
es e
tc•
Cre
ate
appr
opria
te in
stitu
tiona
l lin
kage
s be
twee
n di
ffere
nt s
ecto
rs
• Im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n an
d pa
rtic
ipat
ion
mec
hani
sm
Key
Res
ult:
SE
SA
Out
reac
h an
d pa
rtic
ipat
ion
mec
hani
sm e
stab
lishe
d an
d im
plem
ente
d
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Mee
tings
with
mem
bers
of S
afeg
uard
s In
form
atio
n S
yste
m a
nd S
ES
A
Wor
king
Gro
up/N
atio
nal R
ED
D+
Foc
al p
oint
• D
ocum
ent r
evie
w•
Sta
keho
lder
s m
appi
ng
• E
ngag
emen
t of m
edia
• U
se o
f com
mun
icat
ion
mat
eria
ls
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal F
ocal
Poi
nt
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
8
Ste
p 6
: Ide
ntifi
catio
n/pr
iorit
izat
ion
of d
river
s of
def
ores
tatio
n an
d de
finiti
on o
f env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial i
ssue
s an
d pr
iorit
ies
in re
latio
n to
them
Ob
ject
ive:
Con
duct
them
atic
stu
dies
to fi
ll in
form
atio
n ga
ps
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• C
ontr
act a
nd c
arry
out
spe
cial
stu
dies
• Id
entif
y an
d pr
iorit
ize
driv
ers
of d
efor
esta
tion
• Id
entif
y ke
y en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l iss
ues
in re
latio
n to
the
driv
ers
Key
Res
ult:
Driv
ers
of d
efor
esta
tion
prio
ritiz
ed a
nd e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l is
sues
and
prio
ritie
s in
rela
tion
to th
e dr
iver
s de
fined
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Con
trac
ts
• R
epor
t/do
cum
ent r
evie
w•
Sta
keho
lder
s m
eetin
gs a
nd w
orks
hops
Res
po
nsib
ility
: RE
DD
+ F
ocal
Poi
nt, c
onsu
ltant
s an
d R
ED
D+
str
ateg
y w
orki
ng g
roup
Sta
tus:
Sev
eral
stu
dies
hav
e be
en c
ondu
cted
or
are
unde
rway
:•
Stu
dy o
n fo
rest
sec
tor
back
grou
nd c
ompl
eted
• Fo
rest
cov
er m
ap to
sup
port
fore
st c
over
cha
nge
and
mon
itorin
g ha
s be
en fi
naliz
ed•
A s
tudy
has
bee
n co
mpl
eted
on
driv
ers
of d
efor
esta
tion
and
fore
st d
egra
datio
n.
• C
harc
oal v
alue
cha
in a
naly
sis
has
been
com
plet
ed.
• C
arbo
n rig
hts
and
bene
fit s
harin
g as
sess
men
t as
wel
l ass
essm
ent o
n R
ED
D+
cor
rupt
ion
risks
has
bee
n co
mm
issi
oned
•
Stu
dy o
n do
mes
tic w
ood
dem
and
and
supp
ly h
as b
een
com
mis
sion
ed a
nd w
ill be
com
plet
ed in
Jun
e 20
13•
Stu
dy o
n de
velo
pmen
t of a
ppro
pria
te fo
rest
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms
incl
udin
g gr
azin
g in
Ken
ya’s
dry
land
s as
RE
DD
+ s
trat
egie
s is
bei
ng c
arrie
d ou
t.
Ste
p 8
: Ass
essm
ent o
f env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial r
isks
and
pot
entia
l im
pact
s of
pr
opos
ed R
ED
D+
Str
ateg
y op
tions
Ob
ject
ive:
Ass
ess
envi
ronm
enta
l and
soc
ial
risks
and
pot
entia
l im
pact
s of
pro
pose
d R
ED
D+
S
trat
egy
optio
ns d
efine
d in
ste
p 5
abov
e
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
•Ide
ntify
impa
cts
of p
ropo
sed
stra
tegi
es o
n na
tiona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l saf
egua
rds
• Id
entif
y ke
y en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l key
issu
es
of c
once
rn to
par
ticul
ar c
ateg
ory
of s
take
hold
ers
• Id
entif
y st
akeh
olde
r pl
atfo
rms
for
stak
ehol
der
enga
gem
ents
• D
evel
op a
ppro
ache
s fo
r st
akeh
olde
r en
gage
men
t/co
nsul
tatio
n
Key
Res
ult:
Inst
itutio
nal
arra
ngem
ents
for
SE
SA
im
plem
enta
tion
iden
tified
an
d pu
t in
plac
e
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Rep
ort/
docu
men
t re
view
• S
take
hold
ers
map
ping
• St
akeh
olde
rs w
orks
hops
at
sub
nat
iona
l and
na
tiona
l leve
ls
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
SE
SA
team
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
Ste
p 7
: Ass
essm
ent o
f pro
pose
d R
ED
D+
Str
ateg
y op
tions
/Gap
ass
essm
ent
Ob
ject
ive:
Ass
ess
the
capa
city
gap
s in
del
iver
ing
the
prop
osed
RE
DD
+
stra
tegy
opt
ions
in re
latio
n to
the
prio
ritie
s de
fined
in s
tep
5 ab
ove
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Id
entif
y ap
prop
riate
saf
egua
rds
need
ed in
man
agem
ent o
f the
pr
iorit
ies
•
Iden
tify
Lega
l/Reg
ulat
ory/
polic
y/in
stitu
tiona
l cap
acity
gap
s
Key
Res
ult:
Leg
al/R
egul
ator
y/po
licy/
inst
itutio
nal c
apac
ity g
aps
to m
anag
e th
e ab
ove
prio
ritie
s id
entifi
ed a
nd
reco
mm
enda
tions
mad
e
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Rep
ort/
docu
men
t rev
iew
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
SE
SA
team
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
9
Ste
p 9
: Refi
ne s
trat
egy
optio
ns b
ased
on
feed
back
Ob
ject
ive:
Refi
ne e
xist
ing
and/
or g
ener
ate
new
RE
DD
+ s
trat
egy
optio
ns
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Id
entif
y po
licy,
lega
l and
inst
itutio
nal a
djus
tmen
ts n
eede
d to
add
ress
pol
icy,
so
cio
econ
omic
, ins
titut
iona
l and
pol
itica
l iss
ues
iden
tified
in s
tep
7.
• Id
entif
y ap
prop
riate
str
ateg
y op
tions
for
the
adju
stm
ents
•
Iden
tify
pote
ntia
l ris
ks a
nd im
pact
s of
pro
pose
d ad
just
men
ts in
del
iver
ing
the
stra
tegy
opt
ions
, int
erve
ntio
ns a
nd p
roje
cts
with
in th
e R
ED
D+
str
ateg
y
Key
Res
ult:
RE
DD
+ S
trat
egy
optio
ns ta
king
into
acc
ount
soc
ial a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l con
side
ratio
ns d
evel
oped
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Rep
ort/
docu
men
t rev
iew
• M
eetin
g/W
orks
hop
with
Saf
egua
rds
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
and
SE
SA
W
orki
ng G
roup
and
the
Nat
iona
l RE
DD
+ T
echn
ical
Wor
king
Gro
up•
Mul
ti st
akeh
olde
r na
tiona
l val
idat
ion
wor
ksho
p
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
, SE
SA
team
and
RE
DD
+ s
trat
egy
wor
king
gro
up
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
Ste
p 1
0: D
evel
opm
ent o
f ES
MF
Ob
ject
ive:
Pre
pare
ES
MF
cons
iste
nt w
ith th
e ap
plic
able
saf
egua
rds
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• Id
entif
y im
pact
s of
pro
pose
d st
rate
gies
on
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal
safe
guar
ds
• Id
entif
y po
tent
ial r
isks
and
saf
egua
rd is
sues
to fu
ture
RE
DD
+ in
vest
men
ts
and
arra
ngem
ents
for
impl
emen
tatio
n of
spe
cific
act
iviti
es•
Iden
tify
inst
itutio
nal n
eeds
with
in th
e N
atio
nal R
eadi
ness
arr
ange
men
ts•
Form
ulat
e a
polic
y fra
mew
ork
to a
ddre
ss k
ey e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l im
pact
s, a
nd fo
r ad
dres
sing
inst
itutio
nal a
nd g
over
nanc
e w
eakn
esse
s.
Key
Res
ult:
ES
MF
deve
lope
d
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Rev
iew
of i
nstit
utio
nal c
apac
ities
• S
take
hold
ers
wor
ksho
ps a
t sub
nat
iona
l and
nat
iona
l lev
els
• M
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
valid
atio
n w
orks
hop
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
and
SE
SA
team
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
10
Ste
p 1
1: D
evel
opm
ent o
f SE
SA
Rep
ort
Ob
ject
ive:
: Pre
pare
SE
SA
repo
rt o
utlin
ing
activ
ities
und
erta
ken
and
outc
omes
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• •
Iden
tify
the
key
issu
es e
mer
ging
from
the
SE
SA
ana
lyse
s an
d co
nsul
tatio
ns.
• D
escr
ibe
the
polic
y, le
gal,
regu
lato
ry, i
nstit
utio
nal,
and
capa
city
gap
s to
im
plem
ent R
ED
D+
and
to m
anag
e th
e ke
y en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l iss
ues
rele
vant
to R
ED
D+
as
outli
ned
by S
ES
A.
• P
rese
nt re
com
men
datio
ns fo
r R
ED
D+
pol
icy
desi
gn, i
mpl
emen
tatio
n, a
nd
mon
itorin
g an
d ev
alua
tion
(incl
udin
g le
gal a
nd p
olic
y re
form
s) b
ased
on
the
resu
lts o
f the
SE
SA
. •
Iden
tify
any
gaps
in k
now
ledg
e w
here
add
ition
al d
ata-
gath
erin
g an
d an
alys
is m
ay b
e ne
eded
.•
Pre
sent
atio
n of
the
SE
SA
repo
rt to
sta
keho
lder
s .
Key
Res
ult:
SE
SA
Rep
ort
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
Rep
ort/
docu
men
t rev
iew
• M
ulti-
stak
ehol
der
wor
ksho
p
Res
po
nsib
ility
: SE
SA
Coo
rdin
ator
Sta
tus:
Not
impl
emen
ted
Ste
p 1
3: A
pplic
atio
n of
ES
MF
Ob
ject
ive:
Out
line
mec
hani
sms
and
proc
esse
s to
im
plem
ent t
he R
ED
D+
Str
ateg
y
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• P
repa
re a
nd im
plem
ent s
ite s
peci
fic im
pact
m
itiga
tion/
man
agem
ent p
lans
for
spec
ific
proj
ects
, act
iviti
es, p
olic
ies
and
regu
latio
ns
rela
ted
to R
ED
D+
str
ateg
y im
plem
enta
tion
Key
Res
ult:
ES
MF
unde
r im
plem
enta
tion
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
(to d
epen
d on
id
entifi
ed s
trat
egy
optio
ns)
Res
po
nsib
ility
: The
RE
DD
+ N
atio
nal C
oord
inat
or a
nd R
ED
D+
Nat
iona
l Te
chni
cal W
orki
ng G
roup
in c
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith re
leva
nt s
take
hold
ers
(for
mon
itorin
g)
Sta
tus:
To
be im
plem
ente
d up
on c
ompl
etio
n of
ste
ps 1
to 1
0 ab
ove
Ste
p 1
2: Im
plem
enta
tion
of R
ED
D+
Str
ateg
y
Ob
ject
ive:
Out
line
mec
hani
sms
and
proc
esse
s to
impl
emen
t the
RE
DD
+
Str
ateg
y
Act
ions
/Act
iviti
es:
• m
plem
ent p
ropo
sed
stra
tegy
op
tions
, act
iviti
es a
nd p
olic
ies
and
regu
latio
n,•
Pur
sue
any
addi
tiona
l pol
icy
and
inst
itutio
nal r
efor
ms
as n
eede
d
Key
Res
ult:
RE
DD
+ S
trat
egy
unde
r im
plem
enta
tion
Met
hod
olo
gy:
•
(to d
epen
d on
iden
tified
str
ateg
y op
tions
)
Res
pon
sib
ility
: The
RED
D+
Nat
iona
l Coo
rdin
ator
and
RED
D+
Nat
iona
l Tec
hnic
al
Wor
king
Gro
up in
con
sulta
tion
with
rele
vant
sta
keho
lder
s (fo
r mon
itorin
g)
Sta
tus:
To
be im
plem
ente
d up
on c
ompl
etio
n of
ste
ps 1
to 1
0 ab
ove
SECTION 5: STATUS OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES, PREVIOUS WORK AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES
Status of REDD+ process in KenyaKenya is in the process of implementing its R-PP following its approval in 2010. In Kenya, REDD+ is implemented through coordination from the Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources by a REDD+ Technical Coordination officer recruited in March 2012. At the policy level, a Steering Committee has been established. Under the Steering Committee, a National REDD+ Technical Committee has been established to play an advisory role. Six thematic working groups have also been established to drive the REDD+ implementation process. These are:
1. Policy and Institutional Working Group: The group is addressing issues relating to Policy review and harmonization, forest law enforcement, Institutional roles and responsibilities, accountability, transparency, carbon rights, external linkages with other government agencies, etc.
2. REDD+ Strategy Development Working Group: The group is supporting analysis of the measures that will inform the design of the strategy. Other duties include creating linkages between REDD Coordination Body and the National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) implementation Body, and other Ministries which are expected to play key roles in REDD implementation and whose policies will be positively impacted by a successful REDD+ implementation.
3. Safeguards Information System and SESA Working Group: The Group will play an advisory role in the implementation of phase II (i.e implementation of SESA). This will include providing advice on terms of relevance for SESA, providing an oversight role in implementation of SESA. Membership of this group is comprised of National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Ministerial of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA), Kenya Forests Working Group (KFWG), National Community Forest Association (NACOFA), MPIDO, National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya Forest Service (KFS), Forest Action Network (FAN), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
4. MRV and Monitoring System Working Group: The Group will support development of a Forest Reference Emission Level/ Forest Reference Level and a Forest Monitoring system that will support implementation of REDD+.
5. Financing and Benefit Sharing Working Group: The role of this group will be to secure a comprehensive understanding of the financial flows that will take place between public and private, central, county and local actors in the implementation of the R-PP to aid in designing financial mechanisms for the full scale REDD+ national strategy. Key tasks will involve discussions on how cost and benefit sharing rules will apply to REDD+ activities, how the policies or measures that require new fiscal measures such as taxes, subsidies, levies, etc. will need to proceed and what requirements exist to establish Fund mechanisms to which participants of a program can apply.
6. Communication and Stakeholder Engagement Working Group: Stakeholder Consultation and Participation is intended to increase the inclusiveness, transparency and accountability of decision-making processes during preparatory work leading to REDD+ readiness and REDD+ readiness implementation. Stakeholders also have to be involved to ensure that REDD+ program respect the rights of various stakeholders in compliance with relevant international obligations and instruments.
11
Annex 1: TOR for the Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) of Proposed REDD+ Programs and Activities
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES The REDD+ Readiness process should ensure that implementation of proposed programs and activities will not cause undue adverse social and environmental impacts, while striving to enhance benefits for local communities and the environment. Countries participating in Readiness activities with support from the FCPF are required to undertake a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) to assess the potential impacts from national REDD+ programs and strategies, formulate alternatives and develop mitigation strategies. SESA offers a platform for consultation to integrate social and environmental concerns into the policy-making process of REDD+. SESA is complemented by an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), which establishes the principles, guidelines, and procedures for reducing, mitigating, and/or offsetting potential adverse environmental and social impacts, enhancing positive impacts and opportunities, and otherwise guiding potential investments towards compliance with relevant safeguards.
The SESA is a tool that seeks to integrate social and environmental considerations into policy-making processes, leading to more sustainable REDD+ strategies. It supports the design of the national REDD+ policy framework, including the National REDD+ Strategy.
The SESA process should:• Identify the social and environmental risks as well as opportunities from proposed
strategies to reduce deforestation and degradation as they emerge from analytical work.
• Involve primary stakeholders in identifying key social and environmental issues related to REDD+. This will include affected groups and local non-governmental organizations, as early as possible.
• Assess the options that promote sustainable natural resource management and have positive impacts on local communities as they emerge from analytical work.
• Where strategies adversely could affect the environment or local communities, identify alternatives to the proposed strategies and/or mitigate negative social and environmental impact.
• Provide a gap analysis of Kenya’s institutional and governance capacity to address adverse effects as they emerge from analytical work.
• Discuss recommendations to address key environmental and social impacts, and for addressing identified institutional and governance weaknesses.
12
DESIGN: HOW SESA RELATES TO THE REDD+ READINESS PROGRAM AND ESMF
The SESA concept combines analytical work with participatory approaches, which are implemented in iterative fashion:
• The analytical component which aims to improve understanding of REDD+ related issues including environmental and social risks.
• Participatory approaches aim to integrate environmental and social considerations into different levels of strategic decision-making.
The following activities proposed to be undertaken under the Kenya REDD+ readiness process are relevant to a SESA:
• Analysis of the drivers of deforestation from a development perspective, incorporating demographic change and other economic parameters;
• Screening of options for priority investments needed to reduce deforestation and forest degradation and increase of forest carbon stocks.
• Identification of activities within the country that result in reduced emissions and increased removals, and stabilization of forest carbon stocks.
• Assessment of gaps in policy and regulatory framework for REDD+ and identification of options for improvement;
• Capacity building of institutions and stakeholders;
• Consultation and outreach to cover all actors including Indigenous Peoples.
One of the key outputs of the SESA will be the ESMF which will guide investments in REDD+ Activities as guided by UNFCCC and World Bank safeguard policies.
SCOPE OF WORK A. Start-off meeting by the Safeguards Information System and SESA Working Group to agree on the final TORs for the SESA and ESMF, clarify the process, scope and sequences of the work. This meeting took place early 2013.
B. Based on the situational analysis of proposed REDD+ strategies the SESA team will analyze selected key issues with a view to:
• Identifying key issues and assessment of key stakeholders;
• Assessment of issues and options related to land tenure and land rights, conflict resolution mechanisms, IPs and forest adjacent communities, natural resource management and equitable distribution of benefits;
• Assessment of policy and institutional gaps for addressing environmental and social risks
• Identification and prioritization of issues to be addressed in REDD+ strategies.
13
Two consultation processes involving workshops are planned once the relevant information has been gathered.1. Present preliminary findings on Environmental & Social risks and gaps from the assessment
work and analytical work undertaken. The preliminary findings will be presented to the stakeholders to stimulate a discussion and further enrich the document;
2. Conduct transparent consultation at national level and county level on a number of core environmental and social issues identified involving representatives of key stakeholders and interest groups. The consultation will be used to prioritize key environmental and social issues and discuss mitigation options.
3. Develop a Final SESA Report that provides the findings and recommendations that have emerged from the SESA process. This is a discrete activity which can be conducted after conclusion of SESA if so needed. This report would, at a minimum, specify the following components which should be achieved by SESA:
1. Identify the key REDD+ social and environmental risks emerging from the SESA analyses and consultations.
2. Based on analyses and consultations, describe the policy, legal, regulatory, institutional, and capacity gaps to implement REDD+ and to manage the key environmental and social issues relevant to REDD+.
3. Identify options that promote sustainable natural resource management and have positive impacts on local communities. Where policies or activities adversely affect the environment or local communities, identify alternatives to the proposed strategies to mitigate negative social and environmental impact.
4. Present recommendations for REDD+ policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (including legal and policy reforms) based on the results of the SESA.
5. Formulate policy recommendations for a policy framework to address key environmental and social impacts, and for addressing institutional and governance weaknesses.
6. Identify any gaps in knowledge where additional data-gathering and analysis may be needed.
7. Prepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The ESMF would apply to future REDD+ activities in the country financed through UNFCCC, the FCPF, UN-REDD or by other Donors willing to use the safeguards governing programs developed under the three processes.
MethodologyAccording to the scope of work, the ToR outlines a SESA process which should be followed in delivering the required work. The SESA process includes six stages, namely,
1. Preparation for the SESA;
2. Collecting and analyzing baseline;
3. Scoping;
4. Developing alternatives;
5. Assessing the alternatives;
6. Developing management and monitoring plans.
The six stages of SESA process may have to be followed in an iterative manner. However, the SESA Task Team shall maintain all assessment activities systematically and consistently.
14
1. Preparation for the SESA Preparation works include finalizing the SESA ToR; securing the support from relevant government agencies, setting the objectives of the SESA, identify stakeholders and interested groups. During this stage, the SESA team should also be able to establish a basic understanding of the current situation regarding REDD+ strategies in Kenya, their linkages with other relevant policies/regulations, as well as environmental and social development objectives.
2. Collecting and analyzing baseline dataBased on the understanding of the context, the SESA Task Team will start collecting and analyzing the baseline information that is necessary to identify the relationship between REDD+ strategies and land use; existing environmental and social issues related to REDD+ strategies; policy and institutional gaps; and key stakeholders that are associated with these issues. This can be achieved by reviewing all previous studies carried out or other sources identified by the SESA Task Team.
3. ScopingThe scoping process is to establish the content of the SESA, prioritize the key issues to be addressed, identify relevant criteria for assessment, and conduct stakeholder analysis/mapping. At this stage, extensive consultations shall be held with key stakeholders and interested groups. A scoping report should be prepared to record these findings to inform the remaining stages of assessment.
4. Developing alternatives and proposing mitigation measuresWith the input from scoping and adverse issues/risks identified, works at this stage will identify alternatives for the REDD+ strategies and proposing mitigation measures where alternatives may not be feasible.
5. Assessing the alternatives and mitigation measuresThis stage will conduct scenario analysis for the alternatives identified. The purpose of the analysis of these possible options is to inform the formulation of REDD+ strategies/strategies by identifying opportunities to enhance the benefit for local communities. This will also involve summarizing the key challenges/gaps in implementing new REDD+ strategies, and discussing possible trade-offs. The SESA Task Team will propose recommendations on the institutional capacity needed, formulation and implementation of REDD+ strategies.
6. Developing management and monitoring plansThis stage will formulate an ESMF that will be implemented to follow-up on the recommendations and issues/risks found from the preceding stages. By the end of this stage, the draft SESA report, which includes the ESMF, will be formulated and consulted.
INSTITUTIONAL SETTING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SESA AND ESMFThe SESA will be undertaken by a multi-disciplinary team reflecting the necessary environmental, socio-cultural expertise and stakeholder participation. The team will work with the National REDD+ Coordination Office in carrying out the SESA.
The SESA consulting team shall include at least one SEA expert, one environmental specialist, and one social specialist.The SESA team will be responsible for the following tasks among others:1. Preparing detailed schedule of SESA process tasks ;2. Deliver a scoping report for review by the National REDD+ Steering Committee;3. Deliver final SESA report and ESMF for review and approval by the National REDD+ Steering
Committee.
15
Terms of Reference of Environmental and Social Management Framework
BACKGROUNDFor all REDD+ Activities, it will be important to ensure that potential negative environmental and social impacts are minimized, while striving to enhance benefits for local communities and the environment. The ESMF will help to provide a comprehensive framework on how to address potential adverse social and environmental impacts for future UNFCCC, FCPF and WB financed REDD+ activities.
The Environmental and Social Management Framework will describe the risks and potential impacts associated with projects and activities and will include adequate safeguard measures. A preliminary assessment has indicated that the following WB safeguards may be triggered by REDD+ related activities in Kenya:
• Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)• Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)• Forests (OP/BP 4.36)• Pest Management (OP 4.09)• Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)• Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)• Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES The ESMF supports an examination of the risks and potential impacts associated with one or more projects or activities that may occur in the future. The Framework sets out the principles, guidelines, and procedures to assess environmental and social risks, and proposes measures to reduce, mitigate, and/or offset potential adverse environmental and social impacts and enhance positive impacts and opportunities of said projects, activities, policies and /or regulations.
The ESMF incorporates procedures for:(v) consultations with concerned stakeholder groups; (vi) capacity building measures; (vii) Environmental and social impact screening, assessment, and monitoring; and (viii) The inter-institutional arrangements for the preparation of time-bound action plans for
mitigating adverse impacts.
ESMF will provide the overall framework for addressing social and environmental risk management issues in REDD+ activities that are implemented beyond the readiness preparatory work. The measures recommended by the ESMF apply to future REDD+ interventions financed by the World Bank as well as by the Government or other Donors willing to use World Bank safeguards.
ESMF DEVELOPMENT The development of the ESMF will take into account the analytical outputs of the SESA processes, in particular the description of environmental and social risks related to REDD+.
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CONTENT OF THE ESMF The ESMF will include the following main elements:1. A description of the potential risks and safeguard issues for future REDD+ investments. In
particular, it will include a description of:i. Indicative REDD+ strategy option(s), its main social and environmental
considerations, and the various risks involved in its implementation;ii. legislative, regulatory, and policy regime (in relation to forest resources
management, land use, indigenous rights, etc.) that the REDD+ strategy options will be implemented within;
iii. potential impacts, both positive and negative, deriving from future activities associated with the implementation of the emerging strategy, and the spatial distribution of these impacts;
iv. Arrangements for implementing the specific activities.
2. A description of the particular institutional needs within the National Readiness Management Arrangements for implementing the ESMF. This should be based on a review of the authority and capability of institutions at different administrative levels (e.g. local, district, provincial/regional, and national), and their capacity to manage and monitor ESMF implementation. The analysis should draw mainly from the R-PP and may extend to proposed laws and regulations, new agencies or agency functions, staffing needs, inter-sectoral arrangements, management procedures, operation and maintenance arrangements, budgeting, and financial support.
3. An outline of capacity building actions for the entities responsible for implementing the ESMF.
4. Requirements for technical assistance to public- and private-sector institutions, communities, and service providers to support implementation of the ESMF.
5. An outline of the budget for implementing the ESMF.6. Provisions for Monitoring and Evaluation7. Dispute resolution mechanism
Preparation of a final draft ESMF The final draft will have to be consistent with and contain specific sections addressing the requirements of applicable safeguard policies. These sections will draw on information generated by the SESA and will take the form of free-standing chapters within the ESMF that will resemble the frameworks provided for in the policies themselves, including:
1. Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to address any potential environmental impacts and necessary mitigation measures;
2. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) to address any potential land acquisition and/or physical relocation, as required by the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement policy (OP 4.12);
3. Process Framework (PF) for situations of restriction of access to natural resources within legally designated parks and protected areas, as required by the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement policy (OP 4.12); and
4. Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF) as required by the World Bank Indigenous Peoples policy (OP 4.10).
Public consultations on the ESMF will be integrated into the FCPF consultation processes in the country. Consultations should extend from the national level to the lowest level where site-specific projects and activities, if any, will be proposed, and implemented.
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CONSULTANT QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPECTED LEVEL OF EFFORT The ESMF will be prepared by a multi-disciplinary team reflecting the necessary environmental and socio-cultural expertise. The team will be expected to manage the preparation of both the overall ESMF and each of its separate sections. The team will be familiar with World Bank environmental safeguards policies, and have demonstrated experience in successfully meeting these qualifications.
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