128
Strategic Communication Practices: A Toolkit for Police Executives Darrel W. Stephens Julia Hill Sheldon Greenberg

Strategic Communication Practices - COPS Office: · PDF filePublic Image and Perceptions of the Police ... Strategic Communication Practices: ... the Toolkit outlines the process for

  • Upload
    buithuy

  • View
    216

  • Download
    2

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • Strategic Communication Practices: A Toolkit for Police Executives Darrel W. Stephens Julia Hill Sheldon Greenberg

  • Strategic Communication Practices: A Toolkit for Police Executives

    Darrel W. Stephens Julia Hill Sheldon Greenberg

  • Contents

    This project was supported by a Cooperative Agreement 2008-CK-WX-K008 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues.

    The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the original date of this publication. Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity.

    ISBN: 978-1-935676-41-6 September 2011

  • Contents

    Contents

    About the COPS Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

    Letter from the Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

    CHAPTER IThe Police Communication Imperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Communications Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

    Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Police Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Public Image and Perceptions of the Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Policing Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Police Misconduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 BudgetStaffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Influencing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

    Essential Audiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Elected Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Community Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Neighborhood Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Public Interest Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Non-English Speaking Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Faith Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

    Communication Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

    CHAPTER IIWhere and How People Get Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Media Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

    The Evolution of the Media in the Digital Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 How People Access, Use, and Disseminate Information . . . . . . . 24 Declines in Trust and Credibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Viewership, Readership, and Listenership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Print Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The Online Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Where Do We Go from Here? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

    [ 1 ]

  • Contents

    strategic Communication Practices: A Toolkit for Police Executives

    CHAPTER IIIDeveloping Strategic Communication Plans . . . . . . . . . . . 39 A Strategic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

    STEP 1: Research and Situation Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 STEP 2: Determining Goals and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 STEP 3: Target Publics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 STEP 4: Communication Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 STEP 5: Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 STEP 6: Tactics and Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 STEP 7: Evaluation and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

    CHAPTER IVThe Chief/Sheriff (CEO) Role

    in Effective Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 The Communications Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Modeling the Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 The CEO as Communicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

    Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Arrests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Use of Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Death of an Officer/Serious Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Misconduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

    The CEO and the Communications Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Resourcing Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

    CHAPTER VCommunication Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Traditional Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

    The News Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Written Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 News Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Op-Ed Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Newspaper Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Radio/Television Talk Shows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Responding to Requests for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Community Presentations, Speeches, and Meetings . . . . . . . . . 68 Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Newsletters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

    [ 2 ]

  • strategic Communication Practices: A Toolkit for Police Executives

    Contents

    Brochures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Cable Television . . . . . . . . . . . . .