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Independent variables Standardized B

Government-Opposition

European representation

Government-Parliament 0,21***

Region-Region 0,14**

Regional-Federal

Personal authority

GAL-TAN -0,35***

Left-Right

Earlier Career

EU contacts 0,23***

Organisational self-esteem

Adj. R! 0,33

N = 378

***p<0,01 **p<0,05 *p<0,10

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Geachte deelnemer, alvast bedankt voor uw interesse. De bedoeling van deze korte vragenlijst is te peilen naar uw houding ten aanzien van Europese integratie. Op basis van eerder gebruik van deze vragenlijst kunnen we zeggen dat het invullen ervan gemiddeld 15 minuten in beslag neemt. Alle gegevens worden uiteraard anoniem verwerkt. Indien u dat wenst, zullen we u achteraf ook op de hoogte stellen van onze resultaten. Op het einde van de vragenlijst kan u kiezen of u deze informatie wenst te ontvangen.

In het eerste onderdeel peilen we naar uw mening ten aanzien van de integratie van welbepaalde beleidsdomeinen. 1. In welke mate gaat u akkoord of niet akkoord? Elk land moet zelf kunnen beslissen... Helemaal

akkoord Akkoord Niet

akkoord Helemaal niet

akkoord Geen

mening …welke normen het oplegt voor de uitstoot van broeikasgassen.

…welke criteria het oplegt voor het toelaten van migranten.

…of het bepaalde economische sectoren wil beschermen door staatssteun.

…of het troepen inzet in geval van een internationale crisis.

…hoe zwaar het de inkomens belast van werknemers.

2. In welke mate dienen de volgende beleidsdomeinen beslist te worden op het niveau van de lidstaten (nationaal en regionaal) dan wel het Europese niveau? De uiterste antwoordmogelijkheden verwijzen naar exclusieve bevoegdheden, de middelste naar een gedeelde bevoegdheidsverdeling.

Exclusief lidstaat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Exclusief

EU 9

Volksgezondheid Landbouw en visserij

Cultuur Buitenlands beleid

Monetair beleid Migratie Justitie

Defensie Concurrentie

Onderwijs Werkgelegenheid

Regionale Ontwikkeling Sociaal beleid

Ontwikkelingssamenwerking Economie

Belastingen Milieu Energie

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ZS'[G9':?C8C32B' G2?4' I:@7' -G2-'62.'4C.-?C,;-94' -:' -G9' ?9.@:3493-.'62.' 2'@?C3-94' J9?.C:3':F' -G9' Q3:6':FFBC39R'69,T,2.94'i;9.-C:332C?91'[G9?9F:?9/'-G9'B27:;-'4:9.'3:-'I:??9.@:34'-:'-G9':?C8C32B'i;9.-C:332C?91'

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De volgende twee vragen hebben betrekking op uw houding ten aanzien van het beleid dat op Europees niveau gevoerd wordt. 3. Hoe zou u het beleid dat op Europees niveau gevoerd wordt evalueren op de volgende schalen? Het Europees beleid is eerder... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Economisch links Economisch rechts Ethisch progressief Ethisch conservatief 4. Vindt u dat de EU gedurende de voorbije vier jaar in de volgende domeinen een goed of slecht beleid heeft gevoerd?

Zeer goed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Zeer

slecht 9

Volksgezondheid Landbouw en visserij

Cultuur Buitenlands beleid

Monetair beleid Migratie Justitie

Defensie Concurrentie

Onderwijs Werkgelegenheid

Regionale Ontwikkeling Sociaal beleid

Ontwikkelingssamenwerking Economie

Belastingen Milieu Energie

Naast het overhevelen van beleidsdomeinen draait Europese integratie ook om de manier waarop besluitvorming is georganiseerd en welke landen in aanmerking komen voor lidmaatschap. In het volgende deel wordt u daarom gevraagd uw mening te geven ten aanzien van verschillende aspecten betreffende de vormgeving van het Europese niveau. 5. Gelieve uw mening aan te geven op de volgende vragen door het juiste vakje aan te duiden. Helemaal

akkoord Akkoord Niet

akkoord Helemaal niet

akkoord Geen

mening 1. De wetgevende macht van het Europees Parlement dient uitgebreid te worden naar alle beleidsdomeinen.

2. Het Europees Hof van Justitie hoort geen jurisdictie te krijgen over beslissingen inzake politionele en justitionele samenwerking.

3. In nog meer beleidsdomeinen moet overgestapt worden van stemming bij unanimiteit naar stemming bij meerderheid.

4. De lidstaten moeten de centrale spelers in de Europese besluitvorming blijven.

5. De Europese Unie dient zo veel mogelijk ruimte over te laten aan lagere bestuursniveaus.

6. Het eindpunt van het Europese integratieproces dient een Europese federale staat te zijn.

7. De klassieke methode van bindende Europese wetgeving moet plaats maken voor meer vrijblijvende vormen van coördinatie.

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8. De Commissie moet uitgroeien tot een echte Europese regering.

9. Nationale parlementen moeten het recht krijgen om rechtstreeks Europese wetsvoorstellen te beoordelen.

10. De fundamenten van de Europese Unie dienen neergelegd te worden in een Europese Grondwet.

6. Indien de verhoudingen tussen de verschillende Europese instellingen gewijzigd worden, welke instellingen dienen dan volgens u méér of minder invloed te krijgen op het Europese besluitvormingsproces? -5 verwijst hierbij naar een sterk teruggedrongen rol, +5 naar een meer dominante rol.

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5

Europese Commissie Raad van Ministers

Europese Raad Europees Parlement

Europees Hof van Justitie 7. Gelieve uw mening aan te geven op de volgende vragen door het juiste vakje aan te duiden. Helemaal

akkoord Akkoord Niet

akkoord Helemaal niet

akkoord Geen

mening 1. De EU moet eerder beoordeeld worden op haar capaciteit om problemen aan te pakken dan op haar democratisch gehalte

2. De uitslag van de Europese verkiezingen zou een grotere invloed moeten hebben op de beleidsagenda van de EU.

3. De Commissie moet bij haar wetsvoorstellen eerder rekening houden met de technisch beste oplossing dan met het draagvlak bij de burger.

4. De Europese Commissie zou de politieke afspiegeling moeten zijn van de machtsverhoudingen in het Europees Parlement.

5. De stabiliteit en continuïteit van het Europees beleid mag niet bedreigd worden door meer directe inspraak van de burger.

6. Het vertrouwen in de Europese Commissie moet te allen tijde kunnen opgezegd worden door het Europees Parlement.

7. Burgers moeten in staat gesteld worden om de Commissievoorzitter rechtstreeks te verkiezen.

8. Om meer legitimiteit te krijgen moeten de Europese instellingen de burger niet directer betrekken maar wel concrete beleidsresultaten kunnen voorleggen.

9. Net zoals bij nationaal beleid, moet Europees beleid een weerspiegeling zijn van de ideologische meerderheid.

10. The Europese transnationale partijen zouden verantwoordelijk moeten zijn voor het samenstellen van de Europese kieslijsten.

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Diverse gevolgen worden toegeschreven aan het proces van Europese integratie. Deze gevolgen situeren zich op allerlei gebieden: machtsverhoudingen, economie, politiek, etc. Op de volgende pagina's peilen we naar hoe u deze impact ervaart. 8. Kan u zeggen welke personen/instellingen aan invloed hebben gewonnen/verloren door toedoen van het Europese integratieproces?

Sterk gewonnen Gewonnen

Gewonnen noch

verloren Verloren Sterk

verloren Geen

mening

Federaal Parlement Regionale Parlementen

Federale Regering Regionale Regeringen Nationale kabinetten Regionale kabinetten

Politieke partijen Ambtenaren

Nationale belangengroepen Europese belangengroepen

Permanente Vertegenwoordiging bij de EU

Europese Parlementsleden Experten/consultants/agentschappen 9. In welke mate gaat u akkoord met de volgende stellingen? Helemaal

akkoord Akkoord Niet

akkoord Helemaal

niet akkoord

Geen mening

Europese integratie is een bedreiging voor de culturele identiteit van mijn land.

De financiële bijdrage van ons land aan de EU dreigt zo hoog op te lopen dat het economische voordeel bij integratie voor ons land bedreigd wordt.

De Europese lidstaten hebben meer gemeen dan ze verschillen.

Ik voel me trots om Europeaan te zijn. Zonder Europese integratie zou onze economie op een veel lager niveau staan dan het huidige.

Ons land wint meer bij Europese integratie dan de gemiddelde lidstaat van de EU.

Er bestaat vaak een grote kloof tussen Europese en Belgische wetgeving.

10. Hoe tevreden bent u over... Zeer

tevreden Tevreden Ontevreden Zeer

ontevreden Geen

mening … de werking van de Belgische parlementen? … de capaciteit van de regering om beleidsproblemen aan te pakken?

… het functioneren van de Belgische ambtenarij? … het functioneren van de democratie in België? 11. Hoe tevreden bent u over het functioneren van… Zeer

tevreden Tevreden Ontevreden Zeer

ontevreden Geen

mening … het Europees Parlement … de Europese Commissie … de Raad van Ministers … de Europese ambtenarij … de democratie in het algemeen op Europees niveau

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12. Uit onderzoek blijkt dat een groot deel van de wetgeving die in de nationale en regionale parlementen tot stand komt, de omzetting is van Europese richtlijnen waarvan de inhoud grotendeels al vastligt. In het algemeen, vindt u dat deze wetgeving qua inhoud gemiddeld overeenstemt of afwijkt van het programma van uw partij?

• Sterk afwijkend • Afwijkend • Overeenstemmend • Sterk overeenstemmend • Geen mening

13. In welke mate gaat u akkoord of niet akkoord met de volgende stellingen? Helemaal

akkoord Akkoord Niet

akkoord Helemaal niet

akkoord Geen

mening Het standpunt ten aanzien van Europese integratie speelt een sterke rol in het stemgedrag van de kiezer.

Het Europeaniseren van bevoegdheden heeft tot gevolg dat partijen zich op minder domeinen van elkaar kunnen onderscheiden

Ik vertrouw meestal op de mening van mijn omgeving vooor wat Europese vraagstukken. betreft

Indien de toekomst van de Europese Unie uitgroeit tot een centraal thema bij de verkiezingen, zou dat mijn partij stemmen kosten.

Het programma van mijn partij omvat erg duidelijke posities op Europese integratie kwesties.

Binnen mijn partij bestaan uiteenlopende meningen over hoe Europese integratie verder dient te evolueren

14. In het algemeen, denkt u dat de kiezers van uw partij positiever of negatiever staan ten aanzien van de Europese Unie dan uzelf? (Veel positiever – Veel negatiever) 15. Hoe sterk schat u zelf uw kennis in met betrekking tot wat op het Europese niveau plaats heeft? (Zeer Sterk- Zeer zwak) 16. Kan u onder de vorm van een percentage aangeven hoeveel van uw werktijd u gemiddeld met Europa bezig bent? (Gelieve een cijfer van 0 tot 100 in te vullen) In dit laatste deel zijn we geïnteresseerd in enkele aspecten van uw achtergrond binnen de politiek. Meer bepaald de beleidsdomeinen en -niveaus waarbinnen u ervaring heeft, vormen het voorwerp van de laatste twee pagina's. 17. Gelieve uit de volgende beleidsdomeinen een eerste domein te selecteren waarin u ervaring heeft opgebouwd: Volksgezondheid Landbouw en visserij Cultuur Buitenlands beleid Monetair beleid Migratie Justitie Defensie Concurrentie Onderwijs Werkgelegenheid Regionale Ontwikkeling Sociaal beleid Ontwikkelingssamenwerking Economie Belastingen Milieu Energie 18. In welke mate bepaalt Europese besluitvorming de agenda in dit domein? (Idem 19-22)

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23. In welk van de volgende Europese organen heeft u reeds gewerkt of een mandaat bekleed? (meerdere antwoorden mogelijk)

• Europees Parlement • Europese Commissie • Raad van Ministers • Andere (preciseer):

24. Gelieve aan te geven of u in de loop van uw carrière in één van de volgende instellingen heeft gewerkt of een mandaat heeft bekleed? (meerdere antwoorden mogelijk)

• Nationaal Parlement • Nationale regering/kabinet • Nationale ambtenarij • Regionaal Parlement • Regionale regering/kabinet • Regionale ambtenarij • Lokaal vertegenwoordigend orgaan • Lokaal uitvoerend orgaan

25. Is het uw persoonlijke ambitie om in de toekomst uw carrière uit te bouwen op Europees niveau?

• Ja, zeker • Misschien • Nee, nooit

26. Gelieve aan te geven hoe vaak u in contact komt met de volgende actoren om informatie uit te wisselen in verband met Europese dossiers.

Meerdere keren/week Wekelijks Maandelijks Heel soms Nooit

Europese Parlementsleden van de eigen partij Europese Parlementsleden van andere partijen

Europese belangengroepen Nationale belangengroepen

Permanente vertegenwoordiging bij de EU Europese Commissie Raad van Ministers

Kabinet van de Eerste Ministers Kabinet van de Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken

Ambtenarij Ondersteunende diensten van Parlement

Studiedienst van de partij Andere parlementsleden

27. Dit is het einde van de vragenlijst. Indien u nog commentaren heeft bij de inhoud of de vorm ervan, kan u deze hier neerschrijven: 28. Indien u nog verdere opmerkingen heeft aangaande het onderwerp van deze vragenlijst kan u deze hier neerschrijven: 29. Indien u dit wenst, zullen we u op de hoogte houden van de resultaten van dit onderzoek. Gelieve aan te geven of u deze informatie wenst te ontvangen.

• Ik wens een rapport met de resultaten te ontvangen Gelieve de ingevulde vragenlijst aan één van onze medewerkers te geven of via de post op te sturen naar het onderstaand adres. Hartelijk dank voor uw medewerking! Kris Van Berendoncks Faculteit Politieke en Sociale Wetenschappen Sint-Jacobstraat 2 2000 Antwerpen

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