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NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Participatory Planning and Budgeting
in Indonesia
Yuna Farhan General Secretary
Bonn Symposium
The Local Actors and Post-2015 Agenda. Good Local Governance Prerequisite for Development
28 -29 November 2013
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Background
• Decentralization in Indonesia has been implemented since
2001 which transferred most of the authority to sub national
level
• Regulatory framework has been revised in 2004 (Law
32/2004 & Law 33/2004)
• National development planning system was regulated by Law
No. 25 of 2004. It also regulates development planning at the
district and municipal government
• Government has provided a planning mechanism that was
carried out every year in sub national level that called
Musrenbang (development planning assembly) or Multi
Stakeholder Consultation Forum for Development Planning
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Local Revenue
• In average 80%
source of revenue in
Kabupaten are Fiscal
Transfer
• Provinces have
bigger taxing power
than Kabupaten and
Cities
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Local Expenditure
• More than 70% fiscal
transfer use for personnel
expenditure
• There are 302 local
government allocated more
than 50% for salary
• Kabupaten and Cities
should cover personnel
expenditure for direct public
services (teacher)
• Around 10% expenditure
that local government have
to address community
proposal
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Kab. Bogor = Rp.349.800
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Pe
r c
ap
ita
Tra
ns
fers
Rp
Mil
lio
n
Per capita Transfers by Kabupaten/City, 2010
Kab. Tana Tidung =
Rp.44.476.005
Fiscal transfers take into account imbalance among regions,
but not imbalance of population…
…among kabupatens/cities, receipts of transfers differ greatly
(with the top recipient receiving 127 times more than the lowest
recipient)
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
5 Approach Participatory Planning
Budgeting
• Top-Down : based on national priority
• Bottom up : process start from lower level
• Technocratic: based on technical planning
from agency
• Politics : Local leader vision & mission
• Participative : community involvement
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Participatory Budgeting Mechanism
Medium
Plan
Annual Plan
First Draft Annual Plan
Draft
Final Draft
Annual Plan
Agency
Budget Draft
Budget
Draft
Strategic Plan
Agency
Agency
Annual Plan
Draft of Annual
Plan Agency Planning Agency
Forum
Annual Plan
Prov
MUSRENBANG
Sub District Level
MUSRENBANG
Village level
Musrenbang at Local
Level Annual Plan
Budget
Policy
Province
Forum
National Forum
Jan
Feb.
Feb/Mar
Mar
Apr
Mei
Agt Feb.
Apr
Apr
National
Annual Plan Mei
Mei
Jun
Okt
Legislative
Input
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Lesson Learned PPB in Indonesia
• The implementation of MUSRENBANG ‘bottom-up and participatory planning mechanism’ is just a formality
• Participants are not representative and inclusive; capture by local elites
• Before attending planning process, people didn’t get enough information about priority program and how much indicative resources by the municipality
• The people felt pessimistic; Because many proposals has never been accommodated by district/ municipal annual budget
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Lesson Learned (II)
• PPB is not substantial consultation process, citizens do not have power to decide
• FITRA has conducted research Local Budget Index (LBI) to measure participation, transparency, accountability and gender equality in 62 sub-national level from 2009-2011 participation is the lowest score
• There is no links between policy making, planning and budgeting Political Process more dominant
• Limited budget discretion to response community proposal budget split by approach: politics, participation, technocratic
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Best Practices PPB
• PB regulate by local government (Solo,
Bandung, Kebumen, Banda Aceh) are more
institutionalize than central government quota
allocation for community proposal and
community delegation, special space for women
participation
• Key success Factors : political will of local
leader, civic culture, capacity and local
procedure
• Donor Initiative : GIZ, LGSP-USAID,WB, etc
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
What are the Innovative Policies and Practices?
1) Institutionalizing procedure of Participatory Planning and budgeting; by adding local innovation in to the local regulatory framework
2) (Participatory) Sub district budget quota that allocated for each sub districts and each (urban) villages. The various amounts is based on vulnerability indicators
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
(1) Institutionalizing procedure of Participatory Planning and budgeting
Pre - Musrenbang
Communities; women/ neighbourhood
In sub village level
(Urban) Village
Musrenbang
•Annual Workplan
•Elect Delegations
• Facilitator • Sub district
chief • Technical Unit
Sub District Musrenbang
• Program Priorities
• Elect Delegations
• Facilitators • Planning
Agency • Parliaments
(electoral zone) • CSO’s
Forum within each
Agency.
• Synchronisation with line agency
• Synch. With participatory budget quota (sub districts)
• Delegations • Agencies • Planning
Agency • Parliaments • CSO’s
District/ City Musrenbang
• District/ City Annual Planning
• Participatory budget quota
• Sector budget quota
• Delegations • Departments • Planning
Agency • Parliaments
Mmb • CSO’s
Annual Budget (APBD)
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
(2) Sub District Budget Quota – Participatory Based
• Participatory budget quota (sub districts) determination based on indicators of maternal mortality number, illiteracy, education ratios, dropout rates, the ratio of the labor force, poor nutrition, Regional GDP and productivity livelihoods. Focused on health affairs, education affairs and economic affairs
• Participatory community proposals that are beyond the three sectors (such as construction of roads, bridges and irrigation canals) are accommodated in the sectoral budget quota
• 90 percent of people’s proposal was accommodated in the district / city annual budget (APBD)
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
The average index is 42.2, the highest near to 70
42,4
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
Kab
. Sim
eulu
eK
ab. S
ingk
ilK
ab. B
en
er
Me
riah
Kab
. Tu
lun
gagu
ng
Kab
. Se
kad
auK
ab. J
em
be
rK
ab. L
uw
uW
ajo
Kab
. Bar
ruK
ab. M
ela
wi
Kab
. Ace
h T
en
ggar
aD
om
pu
Bo
nd
ow
oso
Ace
h U
tara
Kab
. Pro
bo
lingg
oK
ab. L
uw
u U
tara
Ko
ta P
ekan
Bar
uK
ab. B
ulu
kum
ba
Ko
ta G
oro
nta
loK
ab. B
on
do
wo
soC
ilaca
pLo
mb
ok
Ten
gah
Ace
h B
arat
Kab
. Be
ngk
ayan
gK
ota
Pal
angk
aray
aK
ota
Ban
jar
Ko
ta P
rob
olin
ggo
Sum
edan
gK
ota
Par
e-P
are
Lom
bo
k B
arat
Ko
ta M
akas
sar
Go
ron
talo
Uta
raK
ota
Sin
gkaw
ang
Gar
ut
Sid
rap
Bo
yola
liK
ota
Ban
dar
Lam
pu
ng
Ko
ta S
em
aran
gK
ota
Pal
emb
ang
Ko
ta S
ura
bay
aK
ota
Pal
uP
eka
lon
gan
Kab
. Sam
bas
Ko
ta B
litar
Ko
ta P
on
tian
akK
ota
Su
raka
rta
Bo
jon
ego
roSu
mb
awa
Bar
atA
ceh
Bes
arK
ota
Pek
alo
nga
nP
olm
anK
en
dal
Lom
bo
k Ti
mu
rSe
mar
ang
Sle
man
Ko
ta B
and
a A
ceh
Ko
ta P
adan
gB
on
eM
alan
gSe
rgai
Ko
ta P
adan
g P
anja
ng
Aggregated Index – Local Budget Index
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency
www.seknasfitra.org and www.budget-info.com
Participation is being the lowest; Its index only 25.14 of averages
25,14
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
Kab
. Sin
gkil
Kab
. Sim
eulu
eK
ab. J
em
be
rK
ab. L
uw
uSi
tub
on
do
Ko
ta P
alan
gkar
aya
Kab
. Tu
lun
gagu
ng
Kab
. Bar
ruD
om
pu
Kab
. Lu
wu
Uta
raK
ab. M
ela
wi
Ko
ta G
oro
nta
loW
ajo
Kab
. Sam
bas
Ace
h B
arat
Ace
h U
tara
Ko
ta B
and
ar L
amp
un
gLo
mb
ok
Bar
atG
oro
nta
lo U
tara
Lom
bo
k Te
nga
hK
ota
Pek
an B
aru
Ko
ta P
are-
Par
eK
ota
Pal
uK
ab. P
rob
olin
ggo
Sum
baw
a B
arat
Gar
ut
Sid
rap
Kab
. Se
kad
auSe
mar
ang
Kab
. Bu
luku
mb
aK
en
dal
Ko
ta S
ura
bay
aB
on
eK
ota
Mak
assa
rK
ota
Pro
bo
lingg
oSl
em
anP
olm
anK
ab. B
en
er
Me
riah
Kab
. Ace
h T
en
ggar
aK
ota
Se
mar
ang
Cila
cap
Pe
kalo
nga
nA
ceh
Bes
arK
ota
Po
nti
anak
Ko
ta P
ekal
on
gan
Sum
edan
gK
ab. B
en
gkay
ang
Serg
aiM
alan
gK
ota
Blit
arK
ota
Ban
jar
Bo
yola
liB
ojo
neg
oro
Lom
bo
k Ti
mu
rK
ab. B
on
do
wo
soK
ota
Pal
emb
ang
Ko
ta S
ura
kart
aK
ota
Sin
gkaw
ang
Ko
ta P
adan
g P
anja
ng
Ko
ta B
and
a A
ceh
Ko
ta P
adan
g
Index - Participation