STP1265 Foreword

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    S T P 1 2 6 5

    E n g i n e e r i n g P r o p e r t i e s oA s p h a l t M i x t u r e s a n d t hRelat ionship to the irP e r f o r m a n c e

    G e r a l d A . H u b e r a n d D a l e S . D e c ke r, E d i t o r

    AST M Publ ica tion C ode N umber (PCN):04-012650-08

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    L l b r a r y o f C o n g re s s C a t a l o g i n g - I n - P u b l i c a t i o

    E n g i n e e r i n g p r o p e r t i e s OF a s p h a l t m l x t u r e s a nd t h e p e r f o r m a n c e / G e r a l d A . H u b er an d D a l e S . D e c k e r ,p , c ~ , - - (S T P ; 1 2 6 5 )"ASTM p u b l i c a t i o n c od e n u m be r (P CN ) 0 4 - 0 1 2 6 5 0 -I n c l u d e s b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e s anO index,I S B N 0 - 8 0 3 1 - 2 0 0 2 - 8I, A s p h a l t e m ul s i o n m l x ~ u r e s - - T e s t i n g . 2. P a v- T e s t i n g , 3 . P a v e m e n ts , A s p h a l t c o n c r e t e - - T e s t i n gG e r a l d A . I I , D e c k e r , D a l e S . , 1 9 52 - I I I . t e c h n i c a l p u b l i c a t i o n : 1 26 5.T E 2 7 5 . E 6 4 1 9 9 5

    6 2 5 , 8 ' 5 - - d c 2 0

    Copy r igh t 9 1995 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATEAll r ights reserved. This mater ia l may not be reproduced or copied, ipr inted, mechanical, e lectronic, fi lm, or other d istr ibut ion and storage con sen t of the publ isher.

    Photocopy R ightsAuth orizat ion to p ho toco py i tems for internal or perso nal use, or thof specif ic c lients, is granted by the AM ERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTusers registered w ith the Co py righ t Cle aran ce Center (CCC ) Transac

    provide d that the base fee of $2.50 per copy, p lus $0.50 per page is Ros ewo od Dr., Danvers, M A 01923; Phone: (50 8) 750-8400; Fa x: (5organ izat ions that have been granted a ph otoc op y l icense by CCpaym ent has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transacti0-8031-2002-8/95 $2.50 + .50.

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    ForewordT h i s p u b l i c a t i o n , Engineering Properties of Asphalt Mixtures and th

    formance, c o n t a i n s p a p e r s p r e s e n t e d a t t h e s y m p o s i u m o f th e s a m e n a m6 D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 4 . T h e s y m p o s i u m w a s s p o n s o r e d b y A S T M C o m m i t t eM a t e r i a l s . G e r a l d A . H u b e r o f H e r i t a g e R e s e a r c h G r o u p i n I n d i a n a p o l i sN a t i o n a l A s p h a lt P a v e m e n t A s s o c i a ti o n o f L a n h a m , M D p r e s i d e d a s co f t h e r e s u l t i n g p u b l i c a t io n .

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    Conten tsOverview

    PRODUCTS OF STRATEGIC HIGHWAY RESEARCH PRO

    Investigation of the Relationship Between Field Performance and LAging Properties of Asphalt Mix tures- -J. E. KUEWER,C. A. BELL ANDD. A. SOSOVSKE

    Validation of SHRP A-003A Flexural Beam Fatigue Test--J. A. DEAA. A. TAYEBAIL , G. M. ROWE AND C. L. MONISM1THPerformance-Based Properties of Asphalt Concrete Mixes --R. B. LEC. L. MONIS MITH AND J. R. LUNDY

    Development of the SHRP Superpave Mixture Specification Test MContro l Ther mal Crack ing Pe rformance of Pavements- -R. ROQUE,D. H. HILTUNEN, W. G. BUTTLAR AND T. FARWANAThe Use of Time-Temperature Superposition to Fundamen tall y ChAsphaltic Concrete Mixtures a t Low Temperatures--D. R. HILTUNER. ROQUE

    RELATING MATERIAL PROPERTIES TO PERMANENT DEFBehavio r Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures Using Triaxial Test-DetermPropert ies --T . F. FWA,B. H. LOW AND S. A. TAN

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    P o t e n t i a l o f D y n a m i c C r e e p t o P r e d i c t R u t t i n g - - R . B . M A LL IC K,R. AE, R. BROWN

    C o m p r e h e n s i v e C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f P e r f o r m a n c e - R e l a t e d P r o p e r t i eC o n c r e t e M i x t u r e s T h r o u g h D y n a m i c T e s t i n g - - K . M . C HU A A ND M .

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    OverviewT h e A s p h a l t P r o g r am o f th e S t r a te g ic H i g h w a y R e s e ar c h P r o g r a m ( S H

    i n a s p h a l t t e ch n o l o g y an d m ar k s a s h i f t i n th e u n d e r p i n n i n g s o f a s p h aas p h a l t m i x t u r e d e s i g n . I t i s t h e b eg i n n i n g o f p e r f o r m an ce b a s ed s p ec i f i cH i s t o r i c a l l y , a s p h a l t m i x t u r e d e s i g n h a s b een b a s ed u p o n em p i r i c a l p r o p

    p r o v i d e m i x d e s i g n s w i t h a h i g h p r o b a b i l i t y o f g o o d p e r f o r m an ce . A i r v o iag g r eg a t e h av e b een r eco g n i zed a s i m p o r t an t m i x p a r am e t e r s s i n ce t h e m e t h o d o f m i x d e s i g n d e v e l o p e d i n t he e r a f o l l o w i n g W o r l d W a r 1 u s eo f a i r v o i d s , V o i ce i n t h e M i n e r a l A g g r eg a t e s ( V M A ) an d a m ech an i ca lF ie ld S tab i l i ty Tes t , as the bas i s fo r des ign .T h e M a r s h a l l a n d H v e e m m e t h o d s o f m i x d e s i g n th a t a r e th e p r e d o mu s ed t o d a y each u s e th e s am e ap p r o ach . B o t h m i x d e s i g n m e t h o d s a r e b a san d an em p i r i c a l m ech a n i ca l p ro p e r ty . I n b o t h m e t h o d s e n g i n ee r i n g p rd i r ec t l y b u t a r e co n t r o l led i n d i r ec t l y t h ro u g h t h e em p i r i c a l p ro p e r t i e s.

    S i n c e t h e d ev e l o p m en t o f M ar s h a l l an d H v eem m i x d e s i g n s i n th e 1 9c o m m u n i t y h a s s p e n t c o n s i d e r a b le e f fo r t to m e a s u r e f u n d a m e n t a l e n g i nt h e s e p r o p e r t i e s t o p e r f o r m an ce o n t h e r o ad w ay . E a r l y e ff o rt s t r ied t o p r o p e r t i e s u s i n g v a r i o u s s h ea r t e s t s an d t r i ax i a l t e s t s ad o p t ed f r o m t h e m i x t u r e s w e r e ev a l u a t ed a s a p a r t i a l l y s a t u r a t ed o r n ea r l y s a t u r a t ed t h rt o p a r t i a l l y s a t u r a t ed s o i l s . T h e m a i n d i f f e r en ces b e t w een s o i l an d a s p hv i s co u s t h an w a t e r an d ag g r eg a t e h a s a l a r g e r g r a i n s i z e t h an s o i l s .

    A l s o , e f f o r t s w e r e m ad e t o m eas u r e t h e m o d u l u s o f t h e a s p h a l t m i x t uS t i f f n e s s m eas u r em en t s w e r e m ad e f r o m b eam s , ax i a l l y l o ad ed t a l l cl o ad ed s h o r t cy l in d e r s . E ach m e t h o d y i e l d ed an en g i n ee r i n g p ro p e r t y , bd e p e n d e n t u p o n s p e c i m e n c o n f i g u r a t i o n a n d l o a d a p p l ic a t io n .

    A s m e t h o d s t o m eas u r e l ab o r a t o r y p r o p e r ti e s co n t i n u ed to ad v an ce , e f foe n g i n e e r i n g p ro p e r ti e s to r o a d w a y p e r f o rm a n c e s h o w e d l e s s p r og r e ss . a s p h a l t m i x t u r e s is c o m p l e x a n d t h e a b i l i ty to m o d e l b e h a v i o r u s i n gp r o p e r t i e s w as q u es t i o n ab l e . U n co n t r o l l ed v a r iab l e s i n t h e fi e l d co u l d n

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    D y n a m i c m o d u l u s a s m e a s ur ed b y A S T M T e st M e t h o d f o r D y n a m i c M( D 3 4 9 7 ) w a s d e v e l o p e d t o m e a s u r e v i s c o - e l a s ti c b e h a v i o r o f th e m i x t u rs e r v o - h y d r a u l i c e q u i p m e n t , c a n m e a s u r e s t i f f n e s s a t d i f f e r e n t l o a d i n gc o m b i n e d e f f e c t o f e l a s t i c b e h a v i o r o f t h e a g g r e g a t e s k e l e t o n a n d v i sa s p h a l t b i n d e r . H i s t o ri c a l ly , n o c l e a r m e t h o d h a s e x i s t e d t o c o m b i n e e n g i nb y t h e t r i a x i a l t e s t o r t h e d y n a m i c m o d u l u s t e s t a n d r e l a t e t h e m p e r f o r m a n c e .

    F a t i g u e t e s t s w e r e d e v e l o p e d t o m e a s u r e t h e r e s i s ta n c e o f a s p h a l t p a v eT h e t e st r e q u i r e d s p e c ia l e q u i p m e n t a n d f a b r ic a t io n o f b e a m s p e c i m e n s .b e e n m o s t c o m m o n l y u s e d i n s tr u c tu r a l t h i c k n e ss d e s i g n . I n m i x t u re d en o t b e e n c o m m o n l y u se d .

    I n s u m m a r y , d e t e r m i n i n g w h i c h p r o p e rt ie s m o s t c o n t r o l b e h a v i o r ob e s t b e c o r r e l a t e d t o o b s e r v e d p e r f o r m a n c e h a s b e e n e l u s i v e .

    Strategic H ighway R esearch ProgramI n t h e m i d 1 9 8 0 s th e A m e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n o f S ta t e H i g h w a y a n d T r

    ( A A S H T O ) i n i t i a t e d d i s c u s s i o n r e g a r d i n g a h i g h l y fo c u s e d r e s e a rc h wb a c k . O n e a r e a i d e n t if i e d w a s a s p h a l t b i n d e r s a n d a s p h a l t m i x tu r e s . U nw a s e a r m a r k e d f o r a s p h a l t r e s e a r c h .

    T h e o b j e c t i v e o f S H R P w a s t o d e v e l o p a s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r a s p h a l t b if o u n d e d o n p e r f o r m a n c e b a s e d p r o p e rt ie s . P e r f o r m a n c e b a s e d p r o p er ti e se n g i n e e r i n g p r o p e r t i e s w h i c h a re d i re c t l y li n k e d to r o a d w a y p e r f o r m a nt h e b a s i s f o r d e t e r m i n i n g w h i c h p ro p e r t i e s s h o u l d b e m e a s u r e d , w h i c h t e st h e p r o p e r t i e s a n d h o w t h e p r o p e r t i e s c o u l d b e u s e d i n a p e r f o r m a n c e

    I n t h e s p r i n g o f 1 9 93 , th e S H R P w a s c o m p l e t e d . P r o d u c t s o f t h ep e r f o r m a n c e b a s e d p r o p e r t i e s a n d p e r f o r m a n c e b a s e d m o d e l s w h i c h wS u p e r p a v e m e t h o d o f m i x t u re d e si g n . S u p e r p a v e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n h a s b e gl m i x t u r e d e s i g n t h a t is b a s e d o n v o l u m e t r i c p r o p e r ti e s . M i x d e s i g n L e vc a p i ta l e x p e n s e a n d h i g h e r l e v el s o f t r a in i n g . I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f S u p em i x d e s i g n w i l l l a g s e v e r a l y e a r s b e h i n d L e v e l I .

    Symposium Purpose

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    p e r fo rm an ce p red i c ti o n ap p ro ach a s p r e sen t ed o f f e r s an a l te rn a t iv e t o ap p ro ach co n t a i n ed w i t h in t h e S u p e rp av e m e t h o d o f m i x d e s i g n .T h e n ex t t w o p ap e r s , " D ev e l o p m en t o f t h e S H R P S u p e rp av e M i x t u ret o C o n t ro l T h e rm a l C rack i n g P e r fo rm an ce o f P av em en t s " an d " T h e S u p e rp o s i t io n t o F u n d am en t a l ly C h a rac t e ri z e A sp h a l t i c C o n c re t e M i x td i s cu s s p e r t b rm an ce b a sed p ro p e r t i e s t o p r ed i c t l o w - t em p e ra t u re c r ackt h e p ro p e r t i e s an d m o d e l s t h a t a re u sed t o p red i c t l o w t em p e ra t u re c r aca co n c i se d o cu m en t a t i o n o f d ev e l o p m en t o f t h e l o w - t em p e ra t u re c r ack

    T h e fo l l o w i n g t w o p ap e r s , " B eh av i o r A n a l y s i s o f A sp h a l t M i x t u re s U s iP ro p e r t i e s " an d " E n g i n ee r in g P ro p e r t ie s o f A s p h a l t M i x t u re s an d T h e i r R edi scuss engineer ing proper t i es wi th a longer h i s tory in per formance pre

    T h e n ex t p ap e r , " E v a l u a ti o n o f A g i n g C h a rac t e r i s ti c s o f M o d i f i ed A spag i n g b eh av i o r o f m o d i f i ed a sp h a l t sy s t em s a s co m p ared t o u n m o d i f i er e l a t io n sh i p o f ag i n g t o p av em en t p e r fo rm an ce .

    T h e n ex t t w o p ap e r s , " A n a l y s i s o f a W e l l P e r fo rm i n g D ese r t P av eA g i n g C h a rac t e r i s t i c s o f A sp h a l t C o n c re t e U s i n g W av e P ro p ag a t i o n p ro b l em o f p r ed i c ti o n p av em en t p e r fo rm a n ce b y i n v es t i g a t in g ex i s t in g p ro p e r t i e s t h a t c an b e u sed t o ex p l a i n t h e o b se rv ed p e r fo rm an ce .

    T h e p ap e r " T em p era t u re D ep en d en t T en s i l e S t r en g t h o f A sp h a l t M iCra cking Data" inves t iga tes the ti e be tween t ens i l e s t rength of aspha l t t o l o w t em p e ra t u re c r ack in g .

    T h e l a s t t w o p ap e r s , " P o t en t i a l o f D y n am i c C reep t o P red i c t R u tC h a rac t e r i z a t i o n o f P e r fo rm an ce R e l a t ed P ro p e r t ie s o f A sp h a l t C o n c re te Tes t ing , " i nves t iga t e l abora tory proper t i es t ha t can be used to pred icp e rm a n en t d e fo rm a t io n an d f a t i g u e c r ack in g .Summary

    In t h e fu t u re t h e a sp h a l t p av i n g i n d u s t ry w i l l f a ce i n c rea sed d em an dan d r e d u ce d r i sk o f p r em a tu re f a i lu r e . O n e ap p ro ac h t o r ed u ce r i skp e r fo rm a n ce -b ased p ro p e r t ie s a s p a r t o f m i x d e s i g n p ro ces s an d p redE f fo r t s to d ev e l o p s t ro ng l i nk s b e t w een m easu red en g i n ee r i n g p ro p e r t i eh av e b e en o n g o i n g fo r th e l a s t s ev e ra l d ecad es . S H R P t ech n o l o g y h at h a t r em a i n s t o b e i m p l em en t ed .

    T h i s S T P co n t a in s in fo rm a t io n ab o u t b o t h S H R P an d n o n -S H R P ap pread e r w i t h p a r t o f th e b ack g ro u n d b eh i n d t h e S u p e rp av e m e t h o d o f m i

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    I4 C Z I I O~ I1 LOb ! IL I IL I