Story of STREAM valuegenerating power. So, hydro power system must not harm its function. the shape and function of hydro power system should requires security of canal function and

Copyright 2015 JAG Seabell Co.,Ltd.

Story of

STREAMSTREAM®® valuevalueTechnical and functional explanation of our Ultra Low Head

hydropower system STREAM

Copyright 2015 JAG Seabell Co.,Ltd.1

Categorization of small hydro power generation

(1)Definition of small hydro power systemSmall hydro power system is usually defined as less than 1000kW, though no sole universal standard definition exists today. Generally, 1,000 to 10,000kW is SMALL HYDRO, 100 to 1,000kW is MINI HYDRO, less than 100kW is MICRO HYDRO. (Output of less than 1 kW is PICO HYDRO. ) Collectively SMALL HYDRO POWER (SHP) is used for below 10,000kW.

※Two basic generating methods of small hydro power SHP can be broadly categorized into two systems:- ie. Bypass method and Open canal method. It’s important to know the difference between the two methods.

By-pass methodGenerating electricity by constructing by-pass pipe only for the purpose of hydro power generation from the river, canal or reservoir and the generator installed bottom of the head drop.

Open canal methodGenerating electricity by installing generator in existing canal and use its head drop or slope without penstock.

head drop

generator

intake weir

screen

by-pass pipe head

drop(slope)

generator

screen

◇ quantity of water intake is stable◇ head drop doesn’t change◇ no harm to river and canal by using by-pass pipe◇ need screen◇ those requirements are needed for installation. So

the installation sites are limited and the cost of civil work is expensive.

◇ quantity of water intake is not stable◇ head drop, water level, and velocity are changed◇ existing river and canal is not for the purpose of

generating power. So, hydro power system must not harm its function.

◇ the shape and function of hydro power system should requires security of canal function and correspond water volume variation, head drop variation and dust.

Copyright 2015 JAG Seabell Co.,Ltd. 2

Impulse type 10-200mWheel generates electricity by using the water jet from the nozzle to spin the wheel.

Pelton wheelCross flow wheelTurgo impulse wheel

Reaction type 2-100m

Wheel generates electricity by using water pressure from the penstock impinging on the blade of wheel and rotate it.

Francis wheelPropeller wheel Kaplan wheelTubular wheelUndershot water wheel

Gravity type 1-10m Wheel generates electricity by the water weight in the water pan to rotate turbine.

Overshot water wheelSpiral water wheel

(2) General category of turbine



Effective range for small hydro generation vs STREAM

Guide book for micro hydro generation(2003) by NEDO Untapped water-power resources research by NEF

2 m head

2 m head

Optimum range of conventional type

Optimal range for stream

Optimum range of conventional type

conventional hydro power generation systems require 10 to 200 m head drop for its practical function. Generally, Generation of more than 100 kW needed for cost–effectiveness



1. “STREAM” is a combination of four technologies

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“STREAM” can provide high efficiency and adaptability based on four technologies.why “STREAM” can generate power at the ultra low head open channels

（general misunderstanding）Conventional hydro power generation system that utilize high head drop is totally different from hydro power generation system for open water channels such as agricultural canal are totally different in technologies, functions, and system. Those are categorized in same system and theory, but actually its features and functions are not the same.

Four technologies of “STREAM” for generating electricity in open channels

1. 「hydraulics」（the shape of turbines/fluid technology)

2. 「utilization of water」（adaptive technology of features, functions, and facilities of canal)

3. 「operation」（technology adapting to changes in water flow, site conditions and trash)

4. 「manufacturing」（cost reduction and easy maintenance by standardization）


1-1 “hydraulics”

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STREAM converts maximum energy at the center of water flow into generating energy by the dual axis cross flow turbines. incorporates both impact type and reaction type structures with reservoir, orifice hole, and vertically placed numbers to achieve high generating efficiency. function include guiding vanes adjacent to the runners enabling adjustment of water intake and effective head. has dual axis structure which is more compact than single axis structure of the same output.(60-70% dimension) Dual axis enables variation including using only one runner thus optimizing output based on current intake level.

【Caution!】Generally, it is said that the turbine for hydro power system is similar to that of wind power. In actuality, characteristics of wind energy and hydro energy is quite different. Both are kinetic energy. However water is non-compressed body that can be converted into potential energy. Meanwhile, wind doesn’t have any concept of potential energy and it does not possess viscosity with relatively little friction. There are three types of turbines, impact type, reaction type, and gravity type, eachturbine having its own application range. Especially in low head environment, effective head is important.

1. 「hydraulics」（the shape of turbines/fluid technology)



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Control gate Fixed guide

Dual axis cross flow

Bell mouth shape Orifice hole Guide vane

Maximum energy working pointMaximum length point from

center of axis

Pressurized intake

Pressurized intake Free discharge

Impact/reaction

centralizedMaximum energy

Flowing Flowing water Pressured Decreased Decreased

speed-upOpen/ Open/

dischargeImpact/ Impact/ reaction Wide open

Water movement

（canal）（control gate）（Bell mouth）（Orifice） (blade/rotation energy）（open/diffusion）



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【STREAM】

【Undershot Water Wheel・Cross flow turbine】

Control gate

Original water flow

Control water level by guide vane

diffused

Diffused effective head

Quick discharge

STREAM

Original effective head

Operating effective head

Stable flow of water

Maximum effective head



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【Rain Season】

【Dry season】

Water volumeQ１

Water volumeQ2

H1

Guide vane: controlled

keeping the same effective head level in any season by controlling guide vane.

H2

Water volumeQ1

Water volumeQ2

Guide vane: full open

Orifice full open

Control orifice hole

orifice velocityV m/sec

Actual effective head

orifice velocityV m/sec

Actual effective head



Same water volume

Length of housing L１

Length of housing L2

Dual axis has advantages in turbine diameter and size of housing compared to single axis even if the water volume for operating(=orifice area * orifice velocity) is same. Also, it can change orifice area by controlling guide vane.

Efficient and Compact Structure

cross flow turbine STREAM vertical single cross flow turbine

Same orifice area

Canal width

Same water volume

Same orifice area

Same orifice area

Same orifice area

Same orifice area


STREAM turbine has:-the feature and functions which can maintain the canal function and optimize allowance ability of canal. It can control water volume and up stream’s water level by the guide vane. Also, the control gate at upstream can control water level and overflow the water when it’s rainy season. STREAM is the hydro power generation system which can adjust itself in each different canal condition to generate power.

2 “utilization of water”

2. 「utilization of water」（adaptive technology of features, functions, and facilities of canal)

【caution！】the major function of open canal is streaming. Producing power in the canal has a possibility to disturb its function. This is the important point to produce power in the canal. Generating power in the canal means it will take the energy of stream. So, generating power in the canal requires a hydro power generating system which can maintain canal functions and use limited resources.


2-1 “utilization of water”

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▽ limited water level

▽ water level in rainy season

▽ original water level (irrigation season)

▽ original water level (non irrigation season)

STREAM power generation at very low head

▽ water level after installation

▽ original water level in rainy season

▽ limited water level（80% water level）

▽ limited water level（80% water level）


▽ original water level

Water condition after installationWater condition before installationRainy season

Original

No disruption in water condition after STREAM installation at very low head.

Cross-section of canal water condition after STREAM installation

▽ limited water level


▽ original water level (irrigation season)

▽ original water level (non irrigation season)

▽ B

▽ A

Before installation After installation

No change in canal function

Effective head


▽the height of sidewall

▽limited water level（80% water level）

▽water level in rainy season

▽water level of reservoir

A point B point

A pointB point

Rainy season

Original water level(irrigation season)

Original water level(non irrigation season)

Water condition after installation

Water condition before installation

STREAM power generation with no head drop(= water flow)

Limited water level

Rainy season

Irrigation season

Non irrigation season

Bed level

Rainy season

Irrigation season

Non irrigation season

Bed level

Limited water level▽sidewall

▽sidewall

2-2 “utilization of water”

allowance height

Effective head

allowance height

allowance height


【caution！】The agricultural canal and drainage canal is not for the purpose of generating electricity. The stream flow in the canal can be changed in every season and there are lots of trash. Even if the conventional hydro power system has high efficiency, if it doesn’t correspond to the stream flow change or trash problem, it’s not better solution To generate electricity in the canal. If they installed attached structure such as intake gate or dust eliminator, the maintenance cost will be increased and its operational condition will be worse. As a result of those attached structure, it’s too difficult to reach annual energy production.

STREAM“STREAM” has dual axis structure which can go through floatage such as trash and fallen leaves to the down stream and that can save maintenance cost and increase operational rate. General hydro power system such as propeller type, overshot water wheel, cross-flow turbinehas difficulty to correspond to external factors such as trash. So they require attached structure and it increases cost.

“STREAM” has a sector form gate to control water level and water volume by itself. So, it can correspond to 30 to 100% stream flow change between irrigation period and non-irrigation period.

3. “operation”

3. 「operation」（technology adapting to changes in water flow, site conditions and trash)


Feature of dual axis turbine for trash

Propeller type … trash will entangle in each blade

floatage

Blade looks toward upstream Blade looks toward downstream

Half-turn

3-1 “operation”


STREAM

Single Turbine

Strong discharge power

Guide vane

Weak discharge power

Like a pitching machine, both turbines rotate and scrape out trash and other obstacle.

Feature of dual axis turbine for trash

3-2 “operation”


Both sides fixed bearings for foreign matters and mudguard for bearing

Bearing

BearingGear

mudguard

mudguard

mudguard

trash, sand, branch

Additional strength medium plate

Additional strength medium plate

3-3 “operation”


Wide range of operation by dual axis turbines and guide vane.

Both axis operation100% open

Both axis operation70% open

Single axis operation50% open

Single axis operation30% open

Both axis stopfor maintenance

100% 70% 50%

30%

3-4 “operation”

Discharge from control gate


STREAM achieve cost reduction by standardization of each model and use of mostly generic parts. can adjust itself in various canal condition by the fixed guide and control gate with rise and fall system and different water condition by guide vane. can be installed in a few days after setting up fixed guide such as 2 or 3 days for installing control gate, turbines, control panel, and power distribution work and 1 day for commissioning. can stop passing water through itself by the guide vane and maintain itself easily. For part replacement or periodic replacement, it’s easy to maintain out of water by using rise and fall system. Also, it’s easy to replace the location.

4 “manufacturing”

【caution！】（before the exposition of stream turbine）conventional hydro power generation system requires ancillary works or civil works such as penstock, water intake facilities, dust removal device, and foundation work. That’s why all system are custom-made at each site and usually those ancillary works or civil works cost are more expensive than machine cost.

4. 「manufacturing」（cost reduction and easy maintenance by standardization）


Generic generator

Generic gearbox

Turbine: SUS304 Generic bearing

Generic bearing

Body: steel(galvanizing)

Cost reduction by minimum number of generic parts

Unitized system using minimum number of mostly generic parts. Enables easy installation and maintenance in different global locations.

Turbine, gear, generator

Control Panel

4-1 “manufacturing”


Cost reduction by standardization

All models are unitized with standardized output (1,3,5, 10, 20kW types ) Possible to install based on varying canal sizes and condition.


Canal width Canal width

Standardization of size and shape Standardization of

size and shape


Requires only a few days for installation

Fixed guide

Control gate(removable)

sidewall

BodyAnchor bolt

①fixed guide②control gate③bodyEach part is unitized and easy to install. No civil work required. 2 or 3 days required from installation to commissioning.



Easy maintenance, local repair and parts replacement

Stop the passing water through the machine by closing the guide vane.

Discharge water from the control gate

Water flow recovers to its original level of discharge after passing through STREAM.

It’s possible to remove or replace STREAM in an emergency.

Easy maintenance in canal Easy repair


Cleaning and maintenance is possible after stopping the operation.

Lift up

Easy repair at the site.

Documents

Story of STREAM valuegenerating power. So, hydro power system must not harm its function. the shape and function of hydro power system should requires security of canal function and