STORM V6 - knowbase.net Designer/Storm.pdf · The STORM Analysis and Design module is a complete tool for the analysis and design of stormwater networks. It will calculate the invert

STORM V6.3

Reference Manual

Copyright 2004

KNOWLEDGE BASE

Conditions of Sale

The purchaser (further referred to as the Licensee) hereby accepts a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the software, Civil Designer, on the following conditions.

1. The license fee shall be payable in advance and this agreement commences on said date of purchase.

2. A separate license fee is payable for each CPU upon which the Licensee wishes to use the software.

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4. The Licensee agrees that it shall not itself or through any subsidiary, agent or third party, sell, lease, license, sub-license or otherwise deal with the software.

5. The Licensee acknowledges that any and all of the intellectual property rights including trademark, trade name, copyright and other rights used or embodied in or in connection with the software shall be and remain the sole property of the Licensor and it’s principals.

6. The Licensee shall not question or dispute the ownership of any such rights at any time.

7. It is up to the Licensee to insure the program for the full replacement value. In the event of theft or loss of the program, security disk, or security module the license must be re-purchased in full.

8. No warranty of any kind is made with regard to the use or application of the software or it’s fitness for any particular purpose. The verification of all results and output is entirely the responsibility of the purchaser.

9. While every care has been taken in the preparation of the Civil Designer program and it’s manual, Knowledge Base cc, it’s employees and agents shall not be liable for any loss or damage (including in particular, consequential losses, loss of profits and penalties) suffered by the Licensee arising from any cause whatsoever in connection with the Civil Designer program or the use thereof whether such loss or damage results from breach of contract (including a fundamental breach), negligence or any other cause and whether or not this contract is at any time cancelled by the Licensee arising from any cause whatsoever in connection with the Civil Designer program or the use thereof whether or not this contract is at any time cancelled.

i

Table of Contents

WELCOME Where do I go from here? 1-1

Typefaces in this manual 1-2 Conventions used in this manual 1-2 How to get support 1-3 On-line help 1-3

BASIC THEORY Illudas Method 2-2 Design Storms 2-6 Infiltration 2-8

Design Controls 2-11 Major and Minor Drainage Systems 2-12 Flow resistance in pipelines 2-13 The Manning Equation 2-13 The D'Arcy-Weisbach formulation 2-13

TUTORIAL - STORM DESIGN Create a new data file 3-2 Import coordinate data from an ASCII file 3-4 Display the nodes and links 3-7 Display additional link data 3-10 Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model 3-13 Set node and link parameters 3-14 Input runoff data 3-16 Analyze the network 3-19 Display link sizes and slopes 3-22 Calculate Quantities 3-23 Printing input data and results 3-24 Creating the final layout plan 3-25 Plotting long sections 3-28

FILE MENU New Project 4-2 Drawing File 4-3 Terrain File 4-3 Sewer File 4-4 Storm File 4-4 Locale 4-4

Open Project 4-7 Edit Project 4-8

ii

Save Project 4-9 Save Project As 4-9 Close Project 4-9 Import 4-10 ASCII File 4-10 Version 3 Data 4-13 MAP Theme 4-14 Inflow Hydrograph 4-15 Convert Drawing Entities 4-16

Export 4-17 MAP Theme 4-17 ASCII FILE 4-18

Print 4-19 Output Manager 4-22 Spool Output 4-24 Option Settings 4-25 General 4-26 Survey 4-29 Terrain 4-30 Roads 4-34 Plot 4-37 Output Window 4-38

Security 4-39 Authorize 4-39 Check Network Dongles 4-40

Exit 4-40

EDIT MENU Default Settings 5-2 Design Parameters 5-3 Inflow Calculation Method 5-3 Friction Loss Formula 5-3 Geometric Controls 5-4 Flow Controls 5-4

Infiltration Rates 5-5 Inflow Hydrograph Parameters 5-6 Name List 5-6 Hydrograph Array 5-7

Reservoir Data 5-8 Name 5-8 Storage - Discharge Profile 5-9 Storage - Discharge Curve 5-10

Storm Data 5-11 Type 5-11 Data 5-12

iii

Array 5-16 Hyetograph 5-16

Pumps 5-17 Name Page 5-18 Sump Page 5-19 Pumps Page 5-20

Depth Increments 5-21 Bedding Classes 5-22 Link Tables 5-24 Name 5-25 Sizes 5-26 Pipe Culverts 5-26 Box Culverts 5-27 Portal Culverts 5-28 Custom Culverts 5-29

Link Flow Curve Dialog 5-30 Node Data 5-31 Node 5-32 Link 5-33 Runoff 5-34 Control 5-43 Results 5-44 Delete/Recall 5-44 Find 5-44 Show 5-44

Node Data &Spreadsheet 5-45

ANALYSIS MENU Network 6-2 Analysis options 6-4

Quantities 6-5

VIEW MENU Input Data 7-2 Node Data 7-2 Link Data 7-2 Runoff Data 7-3

Results 7-4 Summary 7-4 Runoff Analysis 7-5 Flow Analysis 7-6 Flow Analysis 7-6 Overflow Analysis 7-6 Layout Analysis 7-7

iv

Hydraulic Grade 7-7 Quantities 7-8 Excavation Lengths 7-8 Excavation Volumes 7-8 Bedding and Backfill Volumes 7-9 Culvert Lengths 7-10 Manhole Depths 7-10

Link Hydrograph 7-11 Array 7-11 Graph 7-12

Multiple Hydrographs 7-13 Links 7-13 Graph 7-14

GRAPHICAL MENU Classify Nodes and Links 8-2 Edit Node and Link Data 8-4 Select 8-5 Single 8-5 Branch 8-5 Upstream 8-6 All 8-6 Clear 8-6 Toggle Show Selected 8-7

Add Node 8-8 Delete Node 8-9 Insert Node 8-10 Connect Node 8-11 Move Node 8-12 Cover Levels 8-13 Set Parameters 8-14 Clashes 8-15 Rename 8-17 Renumber Branches 8-18 Create Subnetwork 8-19 Vertical Alignment 8-20

SETTINGS MENU Index Order 9-2 Rebuild Index 9-3 DTM Surface 9-4 Display Settings 9-5

Welcome 1-1

Welcome

Welcome to Civil Designer, the design system created by civil engineers for civil engineers, to save you time, effort and money. Now you can work faster, smarter and accomplish more.

This manual introduces you to Civil Designer and gets you up and running without delay. It shows you how to accomplish the most common tasks and provides tips on the exciting and innovative new features to be found in Civil Designer.

The easy-to-follow tutorial will help you gain hands-on experience with the program, and the Beyond the Basics section shows you how to complete advanced tasks.

Where do I go from here?

After reading this manual you should know the following:

• How to get Civil Designer up and running

• How to use the menus and the on-line help system

• How to input and edit data files

• How to start an analysis

• How to view and output the results of the calculations

For more detail simply refer to the on-line help file: it contains over 700 pages of detailed information on each function.

1-2 Storm Reference

Typefaces in this manual

The different typefaces in this manual are used as follows:

Monospace This typeface represents text as it appears onscreen such as prompts.

Italics Italics are used for emphasis and to introduce new terms.

[Enter] This indicates a key on your keyboard or a button on the screen.

For example: “Press [Enter] to complete the entry.” or “Click on the [OK] button.”

Command This typeface indicates a menu option or a command.

For example: “Click on the Open icon to load a drawing.”

Menu commands appear with the path separated by an arrow. The instruction Draw ► Ellipses ► Ellipse refers to the command you choose by opening the Draw menu, the Ellipses sub-menu, and by choosing the Ellipse option.

Conventions used in this manual

In this manual, clicking refers to clicking with your left mouse button unless otherwise specified. When a click with your right mouse button is required, the terms right click or right clicking are used.

Clicking means to press and release a mouse button quickly.

Welcome 1-3

How to get support

Technical support is available from 08.00 to 17.00 Mondays to Fridays excluding public holidays from our Customer Support Centre at [email protected].

You can also call our Customer Support Centre at:

South Africa 086 0101 999

International +27 21 7011850

On-line help

The Civil Designer on-line help system is far easier to use and more comprehensive than those typically found in other software programs.

It contains about 10 times as much information as this manual and provides complete answers to virtually any question you may have about features or how to use Civil Designer.

Access on-line Help from the Help menu option at any time, or by pressing F1 during the display of any of the dialogs in the program. The help items can be printed using the Print icon on the toolbar.

mailto:[email protected]

1-4 Storm Reference

Notes:

Basic Theory 2-1

Basic Theory

The STORM Analysis and Design module is a complete tool for the analysis and design of stormwater networks. It will calculate the invert levels, slopes and diameters of the culverts as well as the design flow, pipe capacity and the flow velocity.

The program will model a network consisting of both existing and new culverts. Any culverts which do not have a size, invert level and/or slope will automatically be designed according to the design parameters.

The program will simulate a complex system of local storage (detention ponds) and overflows thereby enabling you to model the complex networks that are typical of modern cities. The network size is limited by your hard drive capacity.

A network may have multiple outfalls. You may specify the outfall level if you wish to connect to an existing system. Alternatively, the program will determine the best possible outfall level in accordance with the design parameters.

Design flows may be calculated according to the Illudas Time Area method or the Rational Formula. A brief discussion on each method of flow determination is included.

The design is controlled by a number of parameters which are set by the user. This facility enables the design to be tailored to your own requirements or that of the local authorities or councils.

2-2 Storm Reference

Illudas Method

The Illudas Time-Area method is used for the estimation of runoff from a uniformly distributed design storm. The results correspond satisfactorily with observed runoff events for the method to be an accurate and useful design tool (Watson 1981).

The catchment area under consideration is divided into sub-catchment areas of a similar or homogenous nature which drain into an inlet.

Illudas assumes that overland flow is the sole source of storm runoff. Losses due to infiltration and surface irregularities are subtracted from the rainfall to determine the excess precipitation.

The runoff hydrograph is calculated from the excess rainfall hyetograph and the time-area curve of the sub-catchment area.

The runoff is routed over the sub-catchment with no further losses and then combined with the runoff from other sub-catchments as described in the section on routing.

The Illudas method distinguishes between paved (impervious), supplementary (impervious areas which drain onto pervious areas) and grassed (pervious) areas in each sub-catchment.

Hydrographs are calculated for the paved area and the grassed area. The total grassed area is increased by the supplementary area. The paved and grassed area hydrographs are added to form the sub-catchment hydrograph.

The computation of the sub-catchment hydrograph may be illustrated in the following series of figures:

Basic Theory 2-3

I

II

III

Step I: Divide the sub-catchment area into zones with a similar temporal rainfall distribution (isocronal zones)

Time (min)

Inte

nsi

ty (m

m/h

)

Step II: Generate the rainfall hyetograph before losses are subtracted

2-4 Storm Reference

Time (min)

Inte

nsi

ty (m

m/h

)

Step III: Subtract surface losses (infiltration and surface storage) from rainfall hyetograph to determine excess rainfall

I

II

III

(I + II + III)

Time (min)

Are

a (h

a)

Step IV: Determine Time Area diagram. Note the combination of the isocronal areas to form the compound time area curve

Basic Theory 2-5

Time (min)

Dis

charg

e (m

/s)

3

Step V: Calculate the sub-catchment hydrograph from the time-area diagram and the excess rainfall hyetograph

2-6 Storm Reference

Design Storms

STORM can model a number of different storm types. Generally the design storm is based on IDF data. It is also possible to model the Chicago storm from regionalised IDF curves proposed by Op ten Noort and Stephenson (1982) or from recorded IDF curve data.

Chicago Storm

Watson (1981) proposed the use of the following IDF coefficients in Southern Africa.

Region

b

c

ratio

¡I

¡R

Inland 14.4 0.883 0.40 22.5 241

Coastal 12.6 0.737 0.40 11.8 84

IDF Coefficients for Chicago Storm Simulation

These values are built in as defaults but may be altered. The value of the coefficient a is calculated according to the formula below. This value is accurate provided the Mean Annual Precipitation does not exceed 1000 mm.

a = ¡R

e0.06 MAP

T0.3

where

MAP = Mean Annual Precipitation in mm. T = Recurrence interval in years.

ϒR

= Regional Constant

Basic Theory 2-7

Chicago Storm from IDF Curve Data

If IDF curve data is available it is possible to input up to 10 points on the IDF curve. The program will calculate the coefficients a, b and c of the IDF equation

I = a

( )b + t c

which provide the best fit.

Chicago Storm from Regionalised Data

Where IDF curve data is not readily available it is possible to generate a regionalised IDF curve as determined by Op ten Noort and Stephenson (1982). These curves are generated from the following equations:

Coast: I = ( )3.4 + 0.023 MAP R0.3

( )0.20 + td0.75

Inland: I = ( )7.5 + 0.034 MAP R0.3

( )0.24 + td0.89

Where

MAP = Mean Annual Precipitation in mm. R = Return period in years.

td = Storm Duration

The program will then determine the IDF coefficients and calculate the Chicago storm.

Other Storm Types

In addition other storm shapes may be generated or input. These include the irregular, triangular and rectangular storms.

2-8 Storm Reference

Infiltration

Infiltration is the absorption of water by the soil. Water enters the soil through pores as well as clearly defined cracks in the surface.

The infiltration rate is usually high at the start of a storm (the initial infiltration capacity) and decreases with the passage of time to a fairly constant value (the final infiltration capacity).

The rate at which the infiltration rate decreases (also known as the rate of decay) is a function of the volume of water that has been absorbed.

The infiltration rate is calculated using an implicit form of Horton’s equation as proposed by Watson (1981).

f = f + fc

1 -

f

fc + (f

o- f

c) exp

(f0 - kF - f)

fc

where

f = infiltration capacity

F = accumulated depth of infiltration

fo

, fc and k are Horton's parameters

The adjusted equation only takes infiltration into account when there is rainfall as illustrated in the figure below. This results in a more accurate simulation in low precipitation runoff events.

Basic Theory 2-9

Infiltration vs. Time Infiltration is only subtracted if there is rainfall

The infiltration rate is also dependent on the characteristics of the soil as well as the cover conditions, ie. density and type of vegetation. Soils are classified according to the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1972) into four main groups as presented in the following table.

In addition to the four main groups listed three intermediate soil groups are supported as recommended by Schmidt and Schulze (1987).

These intermediate soil groups are used for soils which have characteris-tics that place them between the main groups.

For instance, the classification A/B would represent a soil with characteristics that fall between those of group A and group B.

2-10 Storm Reference

Type

Infiltration Rate

Soil Description

A High Permeability is rapid. Overall drainage is excessive to well-drained. Typically coarse textured soils, ie. sands and gravels.

B Moderate Permeability is slightly restricted. Effective soil depth and drainage. Moderately fine to moderately coarse textured soils.

C Slow

Rate of infiltration deteriorates rapidly. Permeability is re-stricted. Soil depth tends to be shallow. Moderately fine to fine textured soils with layers that impede infiltration.

D Very Slow Severely restricted permeability. Very shallow soils. High shrink-swell potential. Typically clay soils with permanently high water tables.

Soil Classification

The moisture content of the soil before a storm also affects the infiltration rate. This is called the Antecedent Moisture Condition and is determined according to rainfall criteria specified below.

AMC No Description Total Rainfall during 5 days preceding storm

1 Completely Dry 0

2 Rather Dry 0 to 12,5 mm

3 Rather Wet 12,5 to 25 mm

4 Saturated 25+ mm

Antecedent Moisture Condition relative to rainfall

Basic Theory 2-11

Design Controls

In order to assist in the building up of a realistic computer model, especially in the more complex urban situation, additional design constraints or controls may be applied on the system. These include:

• A system of overflow reaches or dual runoff modeling allows the accurate analysis of major and minor drainage systems.

• An inflow hydrograph may be inserted at any node. Thus the effect of upstream inflows from existing stormwater systems may be taken into account or a very large system may be divided into smaller and more manageable portions.

• The capacity of any inlet to a node may be specified, ie. the inlet capacity may be limited by the size of a kerb inlet. The excess runoff will be diverted to the overflow node.

• The maximum volume of available detention storage may be specified. Any excess runoff will be diverted to the overflow node.

• Runoff may be routed through a reservoir or retention pond. A detailed reservoir performance analysis will be made for each reservoir in the system.


Major and Minor Drainage Systems

The dual runoff facility may be used to simulate the typical major and minor drainage system in the urban environment, ie. stormwater flowing in a road (major system) with only partial capture into the culvert (minor system) during large storms.

Minor System

Major System

Catchment Area

Infiltrationlosses

Schematic representation of a dual drainage system

The usual design procedure would be to size the minor drainage system (ie. the culverts) so that the runoff from the design storm can be totally captured or transported. In the urban model the design storm would usually be less than a 10 year event.

The catchment is then evaluated for a larger storm. In this instance the major system (ie. the road) is utilized to accommodate the peak of the flood.

In order to prevent severe flood damage the designer must ensure that the major system is capable of transporting the runoff peak of the larger storm.

Basic Theory 2-13

Flow resistance in pipelines

Various formulae for head losses in pipes are recognized in theory. Hydraulic engineers favour two of them:

• Manning equation

• D'Arcy-Weisbach with Colebrook-White friction co-efficient.

The Manning Equation

n

SRv

21

32

=

Where:

v = velocity (m/s)

R = wetted perimeter (m)

S = slope (m/m)

n = Manning roughness coefficient

The advantage of this formula is that it is easy to implement.

The D'Arcy-Weisbach formulation

The head loss due to pipe resistance is related to the flow through the pipe by the equation

gD2

LVH

2λ=

Where:

H = head loss (m)

L = length of pipe (m)

D = pipe diameter (m)

V = velocity (m/s)

g = gravitational acceleration

λ = friction coefficient


The Colebrook-White friction factor

The most suitable formulation for the friction factor required by the D'Arcy-Weisbach equation is generally regarded as being the Colebrook-White equation. This equation provides an implicit definition for the friction factor as follows:

+

λ−=

λ D7.3

k

R

51.2log0.2

1

where:

λ = friction coefficient D = the pipe diameter

k = the mean height of roughness in the pipe

Re = Reynold's number defined as:

Re = V D / Φ

where:

= the liquid density

v = the velocity of flow

D = pipe diameter

Φ= the dynamic viscosity

The D'Arcy-Weisbach formula, with friction coefficient calculated from the Colebrook-White equation is accurate for any pipe diameter or fluid velocity.

Tutorial - Storm Design 3-1

Tutorial - Storm Design

In order to familiarize yourself with Civil Designer it is advisable to complete the following tutorial that will teach you how to import manhole data from an ASCII file and build up the data set in preparation for analysis. Thereafter you will generate contract drawings. You will be shown how to:

• add a STORM data file to the project or create a new STORM data file

• import coordinate data containing node names, Y and X coordinates from an ASCII file

• generate a manhole layout plan from the coordinate data

• connect the nodes by means of links

• edit and set the link parameters

• input runoff data

• change the display settings

• run the analysis and view the results

• generate and view long sections

• calculate quantities according to SABS 1200

• generate a layout drawing with manhole names and a link schedule

3-2 Storm Reference

Create a new data file

The first step is to create a new data file into which the manhole data will be imported. This file is added to the project file.

Open the Tutor project using File ► Open Project.

Add the storm file to the project using File ► Edit Project. Check the Storm option and specify the name of the sewer file by clicking on the [Browse] button on the right as shown below.

The standard Windows File Open dialog will be displayed. Select the directory where the file must be and specify the file name as TUTOR.STW.


If the file does not exist it will be created if you click on the [Yes] button in the following dialog.

Close the Project dialog and change into Storm mode with Mode ► Storm

Mode.

Data may be input in a number of ways:-

• use the Edit ► Node Data menu option

• import an ASCII list of node coordinates

• import an ASCII file which includes the next node name and link types and sizes

• load an existing layout drawing and classify it

• convert drawing entities from an existing layout drawing.

In this example you will import the manhole data from an ASCII file containing the manhole name, the next manhole name, Y coordinate and X coordinate for each manhole. The data items may be separated commas, spaces or tabs.

3-4 Storm Reference

Import coordinate data from an ASCII file

Select the File ► Import menu option. The Import ASCII Data dialog will be displayed.

Click on the [Browse] button just below the top edit control and select the ASCII file STORM.YXZ from the TUTOR sub-directory. The first lines of the import file will now be displayed on the dialog.

Select the Comma delimited option under the File Type section and click on the [Next] button. The following view will be displayed.


Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for each column of data as shown below.

Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the columns:

Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data file.

3-6 Storm Reference

If you import data into an existing data file the program will search the existing data for matching node names, and if it finds an existing record, it will update the fields in the record with the imported data.


Display the nodes and links

Civil Designer has many graphical functions to simplify the definition of nodes and links in the network. Obviously these functions can only be used if your data includes coordinates for the nodes.

Activate the display of the newly imported data by clicking on the Display Settings icon or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.

The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. This dialog allows you to specify how the data must be displayed (and plotted). Set up the Storm page as shown below:

The Show storm layout check box specifies that the Design Centre must display the storm node and link data during redraws.

The Annotation Font dropdown box allows you to select the font that will be used to label the nodes and links.

Now click on the Nodes sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Node settings allow you to define the pen, symbol size and line type for the node, the text pen and text size in points for the node annotations as well as which annotations must be displayed.

The dialog will display the following:

3-8 Storm Reference

In the Node text box simply right click to display a list of available options and select the {NAME} option. To identify these nodes as stormwater manholes add the SW prescript to the name as shown above

Now click on the Links sub-item and the following will be displayed:

The Link settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm and line type of the link display as well as the text pen and size in points. Adjust the settings to conform to the pictures above and click on the [OK] button.

The Design Centre display will be updated to display the storm nodes and links.


Position your cursor near a node and zoom in using the [Z] key to display the zoom menu or the [M] key to magnify. The node name is displayed next to a circle representing the manhole.


Display additional link data

You are going to change the display settings to show the link type and length at the midpoint between nodes. You may use the Settings ► Display

Settings ► Storm ► Link page option to specify the text items to be displayed above and below the link in the Text above link and Text below link edit controls.

To define the text to be placed above the link, position the cursor in the edit control and click on the right mouse button. A list of available items will be displayed. Select the {TYPE} option.


The edit control will be updated to display

{TYPE}

In a similar manner add the following text to the Text below link edit control by selecting the {LENGTH} option and adding ‘m’.

{LENGTH}m

Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated as follows:


If you want to add a box behind the link annotation simply click on the Box option in the Link display settings. You can vary the distance the link annotation is displayed from the link line by changing the Offset distance from link setting.


Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model

You will now extract node cover levels from the digital terrain model. Select the Graphical ► Cover Levels option.

Here you specify from which terrain surface the cover levels must be interpolated. You may select any one of the 128 surfaces that contains valid data. The Intermediate and Hard Material settings are only used for quantity calculations and the graphical long sections. Click on the [OK] button. Civil Designer will interpolate the cover level from the specified surface.

To check the results, let us update the display settings to show the cover level next to each node. Select the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ►

Node option and add the ‘CL={COVER}m’ option to the node annotation. Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated to display the node names as well as the cover level at the node with the ‘CL=’ subscript.


Set node and link parameters

At this stage you have node data and connections but have not yet specified link types and sizes. The easiest way to do this is to select all the links graphically and then to set the link parameters.

Alternatively you may set up each link using the Edit ► Node Data option.

We will specify the link types, minimum cover and bedding class for the links. You may also specify the diameter or allow Civil Designer to calculate the appropriate size.

Select the Graphical ► Select ► All option to select the entire network. The selected links are displayed as a dotted line.

Now select the Graphical ► Set Parameters option. This will display the Set Parameters dialog. Set the following values:

These settings will set all links to be a ‘100D Concrete’ pipe on a ‘Class B’ bedding with a minimum cover of 1.4 m. At the same time the nodes will be set to have the soffits of the pipes common. Click on the [OK] button to change the parameters.

Refresh the display with the [S] key. Notice that the link type text has been updated to ‘100D Concrete’.


You may also change the link data of a selected branch only. To do this first select a branch by using the Graphical ► Select ► Upstream option. This function will select a specific branch and all the incoming or upstream branches connected to it. Thereafter follow the steps above with your required settings.

You may change a single link by using the Graphical ► Edit Node and Link

data option. Click on the node or link you want to edit to display the Node Data dialog with the data for the selected node and link.


Input runoff data

The runoff data must now be input for each catchment area. The STORM program makes provision for the Illudas Time Area method or the Rational method. This example uses the Illudas method.

Activate the Node Data dialog using the Edit ► Node Data menu option or graphically using Graphical ► Edit Node and Link data. Click on the Runoff tab to display the catchment data page.

Input the following catchment data:

Node Area Area %

Paved Entry Time

Depr Store

Supp Area

%

Grassed Entry Time

Grasse Depr Store

Soil

Type

1 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

2 0.100 25 5 1 35 8 5 B/C

3 0.200 40 5 1 40 12 5 B

4 0.100 75 4 1 0 11 5 B

5 0.200 80 9 1 0 20 5 B

6 0.200 60 7 1 15 18 5 B

7 0.200 80 8 1 0 15 5 B/C

8 0.300 15 9 1 35 25 5 B/C

9 0.300 15 5 1 35 25 5 B

10 0.200 80 9 1 0 20 5 B

11 0.200 15 5 1 25 25 5 B

12 0.600 25 7 1 35 19 5 B


Node Area Area %

Paved Entry Time

Depr Store

Supp Area

%

Grassed Entry Time

Grasse Depr Store

Soil

Type

13 0.200 55 5 1 15 18 5 B

14 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

15 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

16 0.100 70 8 1 20 20 5 B

17 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

18 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

19 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

20 0.150 35 8 1 40 12 5 B

21 0.100 55 10 0 0 0 0 B

22 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

23 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

24 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

25 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

26 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

27 0.200 40 8 1 40 12 4 B

28 0.200 42 9 1 40 20 5 B

29 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

30 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

31 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

32 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

34 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

35 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

37 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

38 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

40 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

41 0.100 50 8 1 40 12 5 B

42 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

43 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

44 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

45 0.200 40 8 1 40 12 5 B

46 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

47 0.100 50 8 1 30 15 5 B

48 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

49 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

50 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

51 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

52 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

53 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D


Node Area Area %

Paved Entry Time

Depr Store

Supp Area

%

Grassed Entry Time

Grasse Depr Store

Soil

Type

54 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

55 0.150 45 9 1 35 12 5 B

56 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

57 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

58 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

59 0.300 40 12 1 30 20 5 B

60 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

61 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

62 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

63 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

64 0.150 50 7 1 40 12 5 B

66 0.240 50 12 1 40 21 5 B

67 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

68 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

69 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

70 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

71 0.100 40 8 1 40 12 4 B

72 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

73 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

74 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

75 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

76 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

77 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

78 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

79 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D


Analyze the network

At this stage you may analyze the network. During the analysis you will be informed by means of a progress dialog.

Select the Analysis ► Network menu option. The Analysis Wizard will be displayed.

Select the storm file to apply to the catchment area by clicking on the […] button to the right of the Storm File Name edit box.

Specify the AMC (antecedent moisture condition) by clicking on one of the buttons.

Lastly specify the routing to be used by selecting Continuity or Time Shift from the Routing Method dropdown list.

Click on the Next button. The following page is displayed. You may return to the this page by clicking on the Back button.


This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes by clicking the All option or just the selected nodes by clicking the Selected option. This allows you to select only a branch using Graphical ►

Select ► Upstream and then analyze just that portion of the network.

If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must select the Renumber branches and links option. The Recalculate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the length of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.

Set up the page as shown above and click on Finish.

The Print Manager dialog will be displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log that will be generated during the analysis. In this instance direct the log to the Output Window by checking the Screen output option.


After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be displayed. Each window displays certain aspects of the results such as flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the hydraulic gradient.


Display link sizes and slopes

You may now update the display settings to show the calculated link sizes and slopes.

Select Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Links and set up the page as shown below. Take particular note of the Text above link and Text below link settings.

Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH} and {RATIOSLOPE} by right-clicking as previously and insert “mm” and “m @ 1:” manually. Then click on [OK] to update the display.


Calculate Quantities

Quantities are calculated according to the parameters specified in the Bedding Class and Depth Increment dialogs. These parameters can be changed from the Edit menu.

Select the Analysis ► Quantities option. The print manager dialog box is displayed.

Select an option from the print manager dialog box and click on the [OK] button.

STORM will calculate the quantities of all the selected links. After the analysis the quantities will be displayed in a series of windows. Each window contains the results of a particular quantity calculation.


Printing input data and results

At this stage you may want to produce a hard copy of the design. Select the File ► Print option.

The Print Settings dialog box will be displayed. Select the data items that you want and the output device as shown below.

Click on [OK] to start printing.


Creating the final layout plan

Now that the design is complete it is time to update the original cadastral drawing with the storm layout along with a coordinate list and a link schedule.

Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Wizard dialog box appears.

Select the “C:\CivDes63\Examples\SheetFiles\Plan.sht” sheet file.

Click on [Next].


You now have the option to edit the sheet file. Click on the [Sheet File Editor] button.

Click on [Next]. The Plan Plotting Setup dialog box will appear.

If the spreadsheet is empty click on the [Add New] button.


Click at the center of the drawing. You can now position the paper. Leave a space on the right hand side of the drawing for the title block.

Click again to indicate the desired position. Select [No]. to keep the same rotation.

Right click on any unwanted plots. To change the plot column to [No].

The [Key Plan] option can now be selected if you have multiple sheets for your plan drawing and you would like to plot a key plan. Select scale and rotation of key plan as normal.

Click on [Finish] to generate the plan drawings.

Input a file name to save the drawings.

If you are plotting more than one plan drawing Civil Designer will save them sequentially i.e. “Filename1”, ”Filename2” ect.

To toggle between drawings and the Design Centre – choose the desired visible window from the Windows menu bar.

All additional changes can now be made in the CAD mode.


Plotting long sections

The stormwater long section plot requires you to select the desired pipes for plotting.

Select Plot ► Generate.

The following dialog will be displayed:

Select the Stormwater Longsection sheet and set the sheet size to A0.

Click on [Next].


Specify the Horizontal and Vertical scales, what must be plotted, where the levels must be labeled as well as whether the program must scroll to next page or not.

Click on the [Next] button.


You have the option to Edit Long Section Data if required. If selected, the Long Section Editor will be displayed and you will be able to edit any data item.

Once the data is to your liking click the [Finish] button.

Specify the drawing a name and the long section/s will be generated.

File Menu 4-1

File Menu

The File Menu contains all the functions to create, load and save projects as well as import and export survey data. In addition it also includes options to set up the security.

4-2 Storm Reference

New Project

Create a new project

Icon Button Toolbar Shortcut Command

ProjectNew

This option allows you to set up a new project and specify the data files that must be used.

Procedure

The Project dialog is displayed.

To add a drawing to the project simply click in the check box next to Drawing, click on Browse on the right of the dialog, and select the drawing using the standard Window file open dialog. The drawing name will be displayed as shown above.

To add a drawing to the project simply click in the check box next to Drawing, click on Browse on the right of the dialog, and select the drawing using the Window's standard open dialog. The drawing name will be displayed as shown above.

File Menu 4-3

Similarly, to add a data file to the project click in the check box next to the required data type and select the file to use with the [Browse] button. If the file does not exist it will be created.

To use the Survey, Terrain or Roads functions, you must select or create a Terrain data file.

Drawing File

You may only use an existing drawing file. The drawing may be an AllyCAD DRG, AutoCAD DWG, Caddie CEX or a DXF file.

Terrain File

If you select a terrain file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the DTM file.

After you have clicked [OK] on the New Project Dialog the following dialog will be displayed for a new DTM file.

Enter the Y and X coordinates of the centre of the site, or of the area of principal interest, and a diameter that will encompass the site or, once again, the area of principal interest. It is acceptable to leave the settings at their default values, but you should then either import data from an ASCII file which will offer a rescale that centres the site, or add data manually and then use Tools ► Rescale Survey from the Terrain menu which does the same thing.

4-4 Storm Reference

Sewer File

If you select a sewer file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the sewer database file.

Storm File

If you select a storm file that does not exist, the following dialog will be displayed:

Click on Yes to create the storm database file.

Locale

You must make the settings that determine the manner in which the stored coordinates are projected onto the display surface (the Design Centre window).

Hemisphere

Select either the Southern Hemisphere or Northern Hemisphere options to set the hemisphere in which the data is located.

Projection

Select the mapping projection to be used. Currently only three projections are available, namely Local, Transverse Mercator and UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator). Selecting Local will automatically set the Datum to Cape and causes Civil Designer to treat the Terrain and Road database coordinates in the same way as Stardust used to.

File Menu 4-5

Datum

Select the datum on which the data is to be based. This determines the ellipsoid on which the projection is based and therefore the constants used for the mapping projection. Note that the Cape datum is the equivalent datum for that used by Stardust.

Prime Longitude

Enter the central LO of the panel in which the data falls (actually the longitude on which the 0 value of the horizontal ordinates of the coordinate system falls) and also select whether this LO is East or West of 0° longitude (Greenwich).

Origin Latitude

Enter the latitude on which the 0 value of the vertical ordinates of the coordinate system falls and also select whether this latitude is North or South of 0° latitude (the Equator). This should normally be set to 0° (origin at the equator where North or South are immaterial) but could be different for some projections.

Scale factor at prime longitude

Enter the factor by which coordinates are adjusted in order to fit the projection. This should normally be set to 1.0 except if you are using UTM coordinates (see Remarks below).

False Easting and False Northing

Enter the values to be subtracted/added to the LO coordinates during projection conversion. These should normally be set to 0 except if you are using UTM coordinates (see below).

DO NOT use the False Easting and False Northing settings to apply some constant to the data coordinates, as the projection calculations rely on full coordinates and will give incorrect values if these entries are used incorrectly.

Remarks

In order to use a UTM system the following settings should be made for Locale:

• Convert the UTM block number to LO using the formula (BLOCKNUMBER x 6°) - 183°. This calculates the Longitude of the central meridian in degrees.

4-6 Storm Reference

• Set the scale factor at the central meridian to 0.9996.

• Enter the correct False Easting and False Northing values of +500 000m Easting, and 0m Northing for Northern Hemisphere or +10 000 000m Northing for Southern Hemisphere.

File Menu 4-7

Open Project

Load an existing project


ProjectOpen

You can select which project to open using the standard Windows Open dialog.

Procedure

The Open dialog will be displayed.

Select the project file (.CDP) to open and click on [OK].

The existing project (if any) will be saved and the new project will be opened. The associated data files will automatically be opened and displayed in the Design Centre.

Only data that includes coordinates can be displayed in the Design Centre.

4-8 Storm Reference

Edit Project

Edit the current project


ProjectEdit

This option allows you to add design elements to the project or to change the data files associated with the project.

Procedure

The Project dialog is displayed.

To add a design element to the project simply set the check box of that element and select the data file using the [Browse] button. The standard Window Open dialog will be displayed. Select the file to add to the project or type in a new file name to create a new data file.

You may not change the locale settings of an existing project as the projection settings have already been applied to data files and may not be changed.

Click on the [OK] button.

File Menu 4-9

Save Project

Save the current project


ProjectSave

This option allows you to save the current project and the associated data files.

Save Project As

Save the current project to another name


ProjectSaveAs

This option allows you to save the current project and the associated data files to new file names. You may specify a new file name for the project file and each of the active design files in turn.

Close Project

Close the current project


ProjectClose

This option allows you to close the active project and clear the Design Centre. You will be given the option to save the associated data files.


Import

These functions allow you to import data from ASCII text files, Storm V3.x data files and from a MAP spatial database.

ASCII File

Import ASCII space-delimited or comma-delimited file


StormImportAscii

This option allows you to import the data in an ASCII or text file into an existing data file. As you import the data the program will first see if the data file includes a record with the imported node name. If it does the program will update the data with the values in the imported file.

If the data file does not already include a record with the imported node name then a new record will be appended to the data file and the imported data copied into the record.

The ASCII file must contain all the data items to be added to a record in one line of text. The data must include a node or manhole name. The data items may be separated by commas (comma-delimited file) or spaces (space-delimited file).

Procedure

The following dialog box will be displayed:

File Menu 4-11

Click on the [Browse] button just below the top edit control and select the ASCII file to import. The first lines of the import file will now be displayed on the dialog.

Set the File Type option and click on the [Next] button. The following view will be displayed.

Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for each column of data as shown below.


Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the columns:

Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data file.

The program will read the ASCII file and assign the data items according to the sequence specified.

File Menu 4-13

Version 3 Data

Import a storm V3.x data file


StormImportData3

All the STORM network information from the existing version 3.x data file will be imported into the stormwater database.

Procedure

The Open dialog will be displayed.

Select the storm version 3.x file (.cmd) to open and click on [OK].


MAP Theme

Import data from a MAP theme


StormImportMap

This option allows you to export an existing MAP theme as STORM elements to a stormwater network.

The MAP theme must be included in a MAP database that forms part of the Civil Designer project.

Procedure

The Import dialog will be displayed.

Select the Theme from which to import the stormwater network and match the Map Fields with the appropriate STORM fields.

Click [OK] to import the stormwater information from the map theme.

File Menu 4-15

Inflow Hydrograph

Import an ASCII Hydrograph file to be converted to a .hyd hydograph file.


StormImportHydro

This option allows you to import the data for a hydrograph in an ASCII or text format, which will then be converted to the Civil Designer Hydrograph file (.hyd) format.

Procedure

The following dialog box will be displayed:

Type in the address for the ASCII files or browse to the drive and path for the directory where the files are saved. Select the type of files that must be listed. Choose the file or files that you want to convert and browse to the destination directory. Select the file format for the ASCII file that must be converted and click [Import].


Convert Drawing Entities

Convert CAD entities into an intelligent Storm network.


StormConvertEntities

This option allows you to convert CAD entities into an intelligent Stormwater network. The CAD drawing may have been created in the CAD module of Civil Designer or alternatively in other CAD software and read into Civil Designer in the CAD module by importing a DXF, DWG, or CEX file.

Procedure

The Convert drawing entities dialog will open.

The program will pick up all the named CAD layers. Select the cad layer containing the required information and click on the [OK] button.

Outfalls The only entities on this layer must be circles indicating the outfall nodes.

Node Names The manhole names must be on this layer close to the line origins.

Links The lines indicating the stormwater network must be on this layer. No circles indicating manholes must be on this layer, since it will cause duplicate nodes. Ensure that the lines are not pollylines and that the line length is not more than 500m, which is the maximum length for classification.

Diameters The diameters must be drawn in the middle of the line. This item can be ignored if you want the stormwater module to size the pipes during the analysis.

File Menu 4-17

Export

The Export functions allow you to convert your stormwater network into a GIS theme.

MAP Theme

Export STORM data to a Map theme


StormExportMap

This function exports all the stormwater network information to a new theme in an existing MAP database.

Procedure

The Export to MAP Project dialog will be displayed.

Enter a name for the new theme and, if required, change the Map Field names in the table.

Click on [OK] to export.


ASCII FILE

Export stormwater data to an ASCII text file


StormExportAscii

This function exports all the following stormwater network information to an ASCII file.

Design Parameters Manhole conditions, i.e. culvert inverts or soffits common, drops, or a specified step in manholes.

Node Data The node, next node and overflow node names, branch and link numbers, Y and X coordinates, cover level, manhole bottom conditions, maximum inflow and maximum storage.

Link Data Link type, sizes, bedding, number, length, fixed inlet level and fixed slope / fixed outlet level.

Procedure

The Save As dialog will be displayed.

Select a file to which to export. The drive and path automatically default to the last used drive and directory for this type of file.

Once you select the file the export is carried out.

File Menu 4-19

Print

Output a selection of design parameters, input data and results to a printer or ASCII file


StormPrint

This option allows you to output data to a printer or to an ASCII file. You can select which data types you want to print or export.

Procedure

The Print Control Panel is displayed.

Specify the destination of the output by clicking on the Printer or Ascii File button.


Input Data

You may specify any combination of the following input data by checking the box next to that item.

Design Parameters Inflow Method, manhole conditions, minimum cover to culverts, minimum velocity in culverts, maximum velocity in culverts

Node Data The node, next node and overflow node names, branch and link numbers, Y and X coordinates, cover level, manhole bottom conditions, maximum inflow and maximum storage

Link Data Link type, sizes, bedding, number, length, fixed inlet level and fixed slope/fixed outlet level

Inflow Data Depending on the inflow method

Unit Flow Inflow classes and units, plus point source inflow

Harmon Contributing units and point source inflow

Hydrograph Inflow hydrograph names and units

Results

You may specify any combination of the following results by checking the box next to that item.

Summary Active inflow method, number of nodes, outfall level and outflow

Inflow Analysis Depending on the inflow method:

Unit Flow Total point source, total inflow, contributing population, attenuation factor and design inflow

Harmon Total point source, contributing units, contributing population, average flow, peak factor and design inflow

Hydrograph Design inflow

Flow Analysis Link name, next link name, number of links, link type, calculated size, flow, capacity, velocity and percentage flow depth

Overflow Analysis Link name, next link name, inflow, point source inflow, design flow, actual flow, capacity and overflow.

Layout Analysis Link name, next link name, number of culverts, link type, calculated size, length, slope, inlet level, outlet level and cover to link.

Hydraulic Grade Link name, hydraulic grade level, cover level, soffit level, velocity and flow depth

File Menu 4-21

Quantities

You may specify any combination of the following quantities by checking the box next to that item.

Excavation Lengths Length of excavation in depth increments for each culvert type and diameter for soft, medium and hard materials.

Excavation Volumes Excavation volumes in depth increments for each culvert type and diameter for soft, medium and hard materials.

Bedding Volumes Bedding and backfill volumes for each bedding class

Culvert Lengths Cumulative lengths of each culvert type and size

Manhole Depths Number of manholes in each depth increment

Click on [OK] to print the data or create the output file.


Output Manager

Set output defaults


OutputManager

This function allows you to set up the Output Window's printing and file export capabilities. If you select to send output to the screen and the Output Window is not visible, use Window | Toggle Output Window to display the window.

Procedure

The Output Manager is displayed.

Screen output Check this option to have output directed to the Output Window. If this window is not visible then select Window | Toggle Output Window

Printer output Check this option to have output directed to a selected printer. If this option was selected and you now turn it off, any output previously directed to the printer will be spooled. If this option was not selected and you now turn it on, you will be asked to select the required printer.

File output Check this option to have output directed to a file. If this option was selected and you now turn it off, the output file will be closed. If this option was not selected and you now turn it on, the selected output file will be created.

Don't show this dialog in future

Check this option to retain the current settings for all future output. You will no longer be prompted to make settings. In order to adjust the settings, or to turn off this option, use File | Output Manager.

Page Heading Enter the heading to be printed at the top of each page. Only available if the Printer output option is selected.

File Menu 4-23

Output filename Enter the path and name of the output file to be created. Only available if the File output option is selected.

Browse Button (...) Click this button to browse for the output file using the standard Windows Save As dialog. Only available if the File output option is selected.

Page Number Enter the page number to be printed at the top of the first page. The number will increment automatically for subsequent pages. Only available if the Printer output option is selected.

Start printing on new page

Check this option to have any printer output still in the print queue spooled before printing starts. If this option is not selected then printer output will be added to that currently in the print queue. Only available if the Printer output option is selected.

Append to existing file Check this option to have output appended to that which already exists in the selected file. If the selected file does not exist, it will be created. If this option is not selected then the selected file will be deleted (if it already exists) and then recreated. Only available if the File output option is selected.

Make the required settings and press [OK] to continue.

If [OK] is clicked and Printer output is not checked, but it was previously checked, any output that has not yet been spooled to the printer will be sent and the current document ended. If Printer output is now checked, and it was not previously checked, you will be asked to select the printer to which output should be directed and a new document will be started.

If [OK] is clicked and File output is not checked, but it was previously checked, the specified file is closed. If File output is now checked, and it was not previously checked, the specified file is opened and will overwrite an existing file of the same name if the Append to existing file option is not checked.


Spool Output

Spool unprinted data to the printer


OutputSpool

Any output (print) data that has been sent to the printer but not yet printed is spooled to the printer.

Windows tends to hold printed output in a spool file until the print job is complete. In order to end a print job in Civil Designer you must deselect the print option in the Output Manager, or exit the program. Alternatively, this function will carry out the same procedure.

File Menu 4-25

Option Settings

Set INI file defaults that are not set by the program


OptionSettings

The settings for various items in Civil Designer are stored in the file CivDes6.ini which is located in your User directory. While most settings in this file are manipulated from within the program itself, some settings have no menu option or dialog associated with them.

In order to facilitate the changing of these settings, we have implemented a dialog specifically for adjusting these settings. This saves you from having to edit the INI file and making the changes by hand.

The left side of the dialog displays a tree list of available items. Click on the top-level item to display the relevant page. Some of the top-level items have further pages implemented as sub-items. Click on the + sign to the left of any top-level item to display the sub-items. Click on a sub-item to display the relevant page.

Certain settings are only read at program startup. These items are marked with an asterisk (*). Changes to these settings will only be implemented once the program has been exited and restarted. All other settings are read at the start of relevant functions and changes to these settings will therefore be available the next time the relevant function is activated.

The possible top-level items and their respective sub-items are as follows:

• General • Southern Hemisphere • Northern Hemisphere

• Survey • Terrain

• Spreadsheets • Pens • View 3D

• Roads • Spreadsheets • Pens

• Plot • Output Window


General

Percentage RAM allocated to DTM

Enter the percentage of physical RAM (from 25 to 75 percent) that must be allocated for DTM point caching. The default value is 25. The more RAM allocated to cache, the faster DTM point processing can be done but the less RAM will be available for general operations in Windows.

Permanent Road window Check this option to have the Road window permanently displayed. If this option is not checked then the window will be created and destroyed as needed. This can save some screen space in tight situations.

Delimiter Enter the ASCII code of the delimiter to be used during some DTM export functions. The default value (44) is a comma and it is not recommended that this be changed. You might however require tabs as delimiters. In this case enter ASCII code 9 as the delimiter value.

Default pen Click this button to set the CAD pen colour for drawing all design items that do not have an associated pen. This setting is made available in order to compensate for the fact that you can change the background colour of the current drawing.

File Menu 4-27

Southern Hemisphere

Short Axis labels Enter single character values to be used to label the relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Southern Hemisphere projects.

Long Axis labels Enter labels to be used to label the relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Southern Hemisphere projects.


Northern Hemisphere

Short Axis labels Enter single character values to be used to label the relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Northern Hemisphere projects.

Long Axis labels Enter labels to be used to label the relevant axes in dialogs, print-outs, etc. for Northern Hemisphere projects.

File Menu 4-29

Survey

Screening radius for ASCII Serial import

Enter the radius (in metres) within which successive coordinates in a Serial file import will be screened out.

Number of data columns for MOSS export

Select the number of data columns to generated during a MOSS file export. Your options here are 3 or 6.

Number of entries in names list

Enter the limit of point names to be stored in the Names list.

Include numerical names. Select whether you want numerical names to be included in the Names list.


Terrain

Separator between degrees, minutes and seconds for printing

Enter the single character to be displayed between the degree, minute and second portions of bearings when printing. The default separator is a space.

Default point name suffix for Tache Reduction

Enter the single character default to be added as a suffix to point names during Tache Reduction.

Additional file extension for Tache files

Enter an extension to be used in addition to the standard DAT file extension when selecting Tache field books to load.

Field number of orientation station name in Booker files

Enter the number of the field that contains the orientation station name in Booker tache files. This is normally 1 but files with the name in the eighth field have been found. Each field in a Booker file is separated by a tab with the first field being number 1.

4 decimal places in Level Reduction

Check this option to have levels displayed to 4 decimal places rather than the standard 3 decimal places in Level Reduction.

Percentage of screen size for polygon auto-close snap

Enter the percentage of the current screen size to be used as the separation between starting and current indicated points in order to automatically close an indicated polygon.

Rotation angle about eye position for Line of Sight sweep

Enter the angle (in degrees) by which to increment rotation about the eye point when generating the visible boundary in Line of Sight calculations.

Display lines for terrace surface only during terrace selection

Check this option to display the lines of the selected terrace surface only when selecting a terrace. Line display for all other surfaces will automatically be switched off.

File Menu 4-31

Display autosuffix together with point name

Check this option to have any defined autosuffix appear as part of the point name in the screen display. It will not appear on a plot generation.

Spreadsheet

Minimum number of spreadsheet rows

Enter the default number of spreadsheet rows to be created when a blank spreadsheet is created during the relevant function.


Pens

Intelli-Lines Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the four Intelli-Lines processing passes.

Graphical Error Figure Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements in a Graphical Error Figure.

Banks Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements in banks during Terrace Banks generation.

DTM Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements in DTM Grid generation.

Perimeter indication Click this button to set the indicator colour of the perimeter polygon when selecting items such as terraces.

File Menu 4-33

View 3D

Depth buffer bits Select the number of bits available for depth buffering. Your options here are 16, 24 and 32. Your setting will depend on your video card and some experimentation might be required.

Colour depth bits Select the number of colour bits available. Your options here are 16,24 and 32. Your setting here should match the colour depth of your Windows Desktop for optimal results.

Field of view Enter the vertical field of view in degrees to generate the correct perspective view. In order to calculate the required field of view for your particular setting, measure the distance from your normal seated eye position to the screen and measure the height of the view area from top to bottom. Divide the second measurement by the first measurement, take the arc sin of the result, and round that result to the nearest degree.

Contour separation Enter the value (in metres) to be added to contour heights in order to prevent contours dissappearing underneath the 3D View.

Enable mouse dragging Uncheck this option to prevent mouse dragging within the 3D View from changing the view parameters. This should normally be left checked, but some video cards have problems with the rapid updates required.

Ignore video driver acceleration

Check this option to have the OpenGL acceleration capabilities of your graphics card ignored. This should normally be left unchecked, but some video cards have problems with the accelerated drivers.


Roads

Maximum number of road files

Specify the maximum numbers of roads per project. The value must be between 100 and 150.

Use Interactive Roads Expert

Check this button to enable the Interactive Roads Expert. Before every roads operation the program will check if there are any operations that still needs to be done before the specified operation can commence. If there are then the Roads Expert will appear with the relative operations checked. Simply press OK to perform all the necessary operations and display the dialog for the specified operation.

Use TRH format when slaving Edge Control

Check this option to use TRH format when slaving Edge Control. If this option is checked then the distance given for the development length of the superelevation will be applied from the stage where the grade is 0 (flat) until it is fully developed. The initial portion where the normal crossfall is picked up (or reduced) to 0, is automatically calculated and added to the specified development length.

Use element entry for horizontal alignment instead of PIs and radii

Check this option to enter horizontal alignments by element (straights and curves) rather than by PI (with associated curve radius).

Use element entry for vertical alignment instead of VPIs

Check this option to enter vertical alignments by element (grades) rather than by VPI (with associated curve length).

Display VPI names when editing a vertical alignment

Check this option to have VPI names displayed during graphical editing of vertical alignments.

File Menu 4-35

Text size for Horizontal PI Names and Warnings

When Editing the Horizontal alignment, the PI names and Design Criteria warnings will be displayed using this text size (points). A text size of 0 will cause the PI names and warnings not to be displayed.

PI Names and Warnings Warnings will be displayed using this text size (points). A text size of 0 will cause the PI names and warnings not to be displayed.

Box out Check this option to box the Horizontal PI names and warnings. The text will be drawn within a rectangular frame, filled with the background colour.

Extension to use when importing CARDS cross section files

Enter the default extension to be used when selecting data files for CARDS cross section import.

Spreadsheet

Maximum number of spreadsheet rows

Enter the maximum number of spreadsheet rows to be created when a blank spreadsheet is created during the relevant function.


Pens

Horizontal alignment Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements.

Vertical alignment Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements.

Pipeline Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements.

Intersection Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements.

Template Editor Click the relevant buttons to set indicator colours for the various elements.

Layerworks Note: The Layerworks pen will be used to draw the layerwors in Graphical Edit mode as well.

File Menu 4-37

Plot

Number of lines plotted/labelled in a long section and cross section

Enter the maximum number of lines that can be generated when plotting a long- or cross section. The default is 20.

Interpolate long section level for 0 values

If this option is set then, when plotting longsections and a zero level is encountered for a chainage, the level at that chainage will be interpolated from the nearest chainages on either side that do have levels.

Split height labels into two at the decimal point

If this option is set, then when generating a plot with heights displayed, the height for a point will be shown as two distinct text entities separated at the decimal point. This is usefull for where the height is obscured by say a symbol inserted at the point and you wish to move the values apart for clarity.


Output Window

Number of lines retained in memory

Enter the number of lines of output that should be retained at any time for the various output windows. This will be the last x number of lines that have been sent to the Output Window for display, enabling you to scroll back to see lines that have dissappeared off the top of the window.

Display/Print Font Enter the display/print font size (in points) and the position at which a right margin marker should be displayed in the Output Window.

File Menu 4-39

Security

When you first install your copy of Civil Designer, it will allocate a 30-day trial license, allowing you to run the full program for 30 days. During this time you must contact Knowledge Base for a permanent authorization code. Refer to the chapter on Security for more details.

Authorize

Authorize the program


cyAuthorize

This option allows you to obtain your user code and input the authorisation code to activate the various modules in the program.

Procedure

The authorisation dialog box is displayed. Your User Code is displayed in the centre of the dialog.

Call the contact number to obtain your authorisation code. Alternatively click on Save to write the user code into a file which can be e-mailed to Knowledge Base at [email protected]. Click on the [Authorise] button once you have input the confirmation code in the bottom edit control. This code is stored in the security module.

mailto:[email protected]


Check Network Dongles

Toggle network security on/off


CheckNetworkSecurity

This function switches the search for a network security module on or off.

Exit

Quit Civil Designer


quit

This function closes down Civil Designer.

Edit Menu 5-1

Edit Menu

This menu allows you to set the default settings and edit the node data. Options are:

• Default settings

• Design parameters

• Soil types and infiltration rates

• Inflow hydrographs

• Reservoir elevation-storage and elevation-discharge curves

• Storm data

• Pump combinations and specifications

• Depth increments for quantity calculations

• Bedding classes

• Link types and specifications

• Node and link data in a easy to understand dialog or in a spreadsheet

5-2 Storm Reference

Default Settings

Set node and link parameters


StormEditDefaults

This function allows the designer to set certain parameters as default settings for the network before it is created.

Procedure

The Defaults dialog is displayed.

To change one of the displayed items click on the arrow on the right of the item and a list of the options will be displayed. Click on the required option to select it. Click on [OK] once all the required parameters have been set.

Manhole Conditions This may be one of the following settings: Drop - links placed at minimum slope Invert - incoming and outgoing invert levels common Soffit - linside top of the culverts common 0.075 - an absolute step between the invert levels

Type The link type may be selected from a drop-down list.

Diameter The diameter of the link in millimeters.

Bedding Class The bedding class for this link.

Number of pipes The number of identical and parallel links between this node and the downstream node, ie. 2 x 900 mm pipes.

Minimum Cover The minimum distance from the ground line to the top of the culvert.

Fixed Slope The fixed slope as a percentage of the outgoing link

Edit Menu 5-3

Design Parameters

Set the inflow method, minimum and maximum velocity, etc


StormEditDesignParameters

The Design Parameters Dialog allows the designer to select the flow calculation method and to establish guidelines for the design.

Procedure

The following dialog is displayed:

The following overall design parameters may be specified:

Inflow Calculation Method

The Storm module supports two runoff calculation methods, viz.:

1. Illudas Time-Area Method

2. Rational Formula

Select from the required runoff method. The option selected will determine the input data required in the Edit Node data option.

Friction Loss Formula

You may use either the Manning or the Colebrook-White friction loss coefficients.

5-4 Storm Reference

Geometric Controls

The geometric controls affect the placing of links relative to the natural ground line and the calculation of node inverts.

Manhole Conditions

Specify whether incoming and outgoing culverts in the manhole should have their inverts at a common level (Inverts), be placed at the minimum depth possible given the other design parameters (Drops), or be placed with a user-defined step through the manhole. An entry of 0.075 will specify a step of 75 mm through each node.

Minimum Cover

This is the minimum distance from the manhole cover level to the top of the culvert.

Flow Controls

The flow controls set the hydraulic design parameters used in the calculation of link slopes and sizes.

Minimum Velocity

Culverts will be placed at a slope with the objective to try and maintain the minimum flow velocity specified here or the maximum slope specified in the Link Tables, whichever is the least.

In practice this results in the first (upstream) culverts being placed at the maximum link slope, typically 1 to 1.5%, and as the link flows become significant down the line the link slopes start flattening to the minimum slope specified in the Link Table.

Maximum Velocity

This setting will result in all links where the velocity exceeds the specified value being flagged in the results with the “**” symbol.

Edit Menu 5-5

Infiltration Rates

Edit the infiltration rates


StormEditInfiltration

This dialog allows you to specify the infiltration rate for each soil type.

Procedure

The Soil Infiltration Parameters dialog will be displayed.

The parameters are:

Soil Type The soil type of group name as it will be displayed in the Node Data dialog.

AMC1 The initial infiltration rate in mm/hr for an Antecedant Moisture Condition of 1.




Final Rate The final infiltration rate of this soil group, ie. the constant infiltration rate at the end of a long storm.

Recession Constant The rate at which the infiltration rate decreases, also known as the rate of decay.

5-6 Storm Reference

Inflow Hydrograph Parameters

Create and edit the inflow hydrographs


StormEditInflowHydrograph

The Inflow Hydrograph method uses unit inflow hydrographs to determine the flow in the network over a period of time. The inflow hydrographs may be input with any time increment.

Procedure

The Inflow Hydrograph Parameters dialog will be displayed. There are two pages:

Name List

Here you specify a short name that is associated with the full hydrograph file name. If the hydrograph file does not exist it will be created.

Name Type in a short name, up to 15 characters, to identify the hydrograph

Edit Menu 5-7

File Name To enter the file name click on the […] button in the row where the file's name must be placed. The standard Windows Open dialog is displayed. Select the file you want or type in a new file name and click on OK.

You may now view the hydrograph array and graph by clicking on the Hydrograph tab at the top of the page.

Hydrograph Array

This page displays the hydrograph array that you can edit as well as a graph of the hydrograph.

Time (min) Specify a time coordinate on the inflow hydrograph. The first time increment must be 0.

Inflow Rate (l/s) Specify an inflow coordinate in l/s on the inflow hydrograph.

The array table allows you to input and edit the inflow hydrograph. The array may contain up to 5040 flow values. The time increments may be at irregular intervals. As you change the hydrograph array the adjacent graph will be updated.

The hydrograph may be printed using the [Print] button.

5-8 Storm Reference

Reservoir Data

Create and edit the reservoir profiles


StormEditReservoir

This dialog allows you to create and edit reservoir files, ie. profiles which define the reservoir’s hydraulic characteristics.

Each node must use a unique reservoir file. If you use the same reservoir file on more than one node the results will be incorrect.

Procedure

The Reservoir Data dialog will be displayed. There are three pages:

Name

This table allows you to specify a short name which is associated with the full reservoir file name. If the reservoir file does not exist it will be created.

Name Type in a short name, up to 15 characters, to identify the reservoir.

Edit Menu 5-9

File Name To enter the file name click on the […] button in the row where the file's name must be placed. The standard Windows Open dialog is displayed. Select the file you want or type in a new file name and click on OK.

You may now view the reservoir storage-discharge profile and graph by clicking on the other tabs at the top of the page.

Storage - Discharge Profile

The dynamics of the reservoir are defined by means of two curves, the depth-storage and depth-discharge curves. You may input up to 20 depth-storage-discharge coordinates sets.

These are defined using the following columns of the table:

Depth The depth as measured from the lowest point of the reservoir.

Storage The storage in m3 at the specified depth.

Culvert discharge The outflow in m3/s from the first outlet at the specified

depth.

Weir discharge The outflow in m3/s from the second outlet at the

specified depth.

Total discharge The sum of the two outflows. This column is updated automatically.


Two outflow curves are provided so that you may simulate the effect of two outlets from the reservoir which may be a pipe near the bottom of the reservoir and a weir or overflow outlet at the top. However, these outlets may be positioned at any level. In fact you may use only one outlet if you want to. The sum of the outflows will be displayed in the Total Discharge column.

Remember that the first depth value must be 0.

You may also specify an initial water depth, ie. the water depth prior to the storm event. This may be any value between 0 and the maximum depth of the reservoir. During the analysis the program will start at the initial depth and draw off the flow according to the combined outflow curve.

Storage - Discharge Curve

The Graph page will display the Storage - Discharge curve generated from your input data.

Edit Menu 5-11

Storm Data

Edit and create various storm types


StormEditStorm

The storm control panel allows you to define and edit various storm types which are used in conjunction with the Illudas runoff method.

Storm can model a number of different storm types. Generally the design storm is based on IDF data. It is also possible to model the Chicago storm from regionalized IDF curves proposed by Op ten Noort and Stephenson (1982) or from recorded IDF curve data.

Procedure

The Storm Control Panel will be displayed. There are four data pages.

Type

Specify the storm type as well as a 60 character descriptor. You may read an existing storm file with the [Load] button, and save the storm profile using the [Save] button.


Data

Depending on the storm type the following pages will be displayed.

Chicago

You must specify the following:

Mean Annual Precipitation The annual rainfall in millimeters

Return Period The return period or statistical frequency of the storm event.

Storm Duration The time elapsed from the start to finish of the storm event in minutes.

Time Step The time increment in minutes used in the analysis of the storm and runoff model.

Ratio of Peak to Duration

The ratio of the time to the peak intensity vs. the storm duration. This value determines the placement of the storm peak relative to it's duration.

Region The region where the storm event takes place. There are two options: Inland Coastal

IDF Parameters The IDF parameters determine the total depth of rainfall. The values are calculated.

You may also input or generate an intensity-duration-frequency curve.

Edit Menu 5-13

User

A user-defined storm type allows you to input the intensity array from observed data.





Triangular

The triangular storm distributes the total rainfall over a triangle with the peak at the Ratio of Duration to Peak value.


Total depth of rainfall The total depth of rainfall in mm of this storm event. This value is used to calculate the intensity at each time step.



Ratio of Peak to Duration The ratio of the time to the peak intensity vs. the storm duration. This value determines the placement of the storm peak relative to it's duration.

Edit Menu 5-15

Rectangular

The rectangular storm distributes the total rainfall uniformly over the duration.


Total depth of rainfall The total depth of rainfall in mm of this storm event. This value is used to calculate the intensity at each time step.




Array

The array page displays the rainfall intensities at every time step. If you are editing a User storm type you may input or edit the intensities.

Hyetograph

This page displays the storm hyetograph.

Edit Menu 5-17

Pumps

Create and edit pump data


StormEditPumps

This dialog allows you to create and edit pump files, i.e. profiles that define the pump station hydraulic characteristics.

How it works

The inlet and outlet levels are calculated based on the incoming and next node levels. It is possible, but not necessary, to fix these levels. All sump dimensions (i.e. sump depth, overflow depth, on and off levels) are then set in relation to inlet level.

For each step of the analysis the water depth in the sump is obtained using the previous water depth, inflow, outflow and sump depth to volume curve. Water depth is used to automatically switch the pumps on or off, depending on the user settings.

The pumping head is than calculated as a difference between outlet level and water level in the sump (static head), and increased by friction losses. The resulting flow is then calculated for each pump and pump station as total.

After that the outflow hydrograph is passed on to the next node.

The capacity is calculated as the maximum flow with all the pumps running on minimum head i.e. with the maximum water level in the sump.

The following restrictions apply:

• If next node of the pump is the system outfall the invert level at the outfall must be fixed.

• Each node must use a unique pump file. If you use the same pump file on more than one node the results will be incorrect.


Name Page

Name Name of the pump

File Name To enter the pump file name right click on the row where the file's name must be placed. The standard Windows Open dialog is displayed. Select the file you want or type in a new file name and click on OK.

Moving up and down in the table changes the active or selected pump. The active pump name is displayed in the Pump Station Dialog title.

Suction Pipe and Delivery Pipe

Diameter Specify the desired diameter.

Roughness Specify the roughness of the pipe. Typical values are around 0.4 to 1.0

Minor losses Specify a minor loss factor produced by valves, check valves and bends.

For a pump station layout as seen on next page without a dry chamber and suction pipe the Suction Pipe values should be zero

Edit Menu 5-19

Sump Page

The schematic layout on the right hand side explains the measurements. It is not a design guideline.

Depth Always measured from the sump floor

Storage Corresponding volume of water in the sump / pond

Sump depth Distance from the floor to invert of the inlet pipe

Initial depth Depth of water in the sump at the beginning of the analysis

Overflow depth Distance from the floor to bottom of the overflow

If an initial depth is not specified, or if the initial depth is below the lowest pump’s OFF level, the analysis will start with the water depth specified for the lowest pump’s OFF level.


Pumps Page

A pump station can contain up to 4 pumps, possibly of different characteristics, each of them with separate set of control levels.

Add: Appends a new pump to the pump station

Remove: Removes a pump

Copy: Copy the pump characteristics

Paste: Paste previously copied characteristics to active pump

To change the active pump use the [Pump x] buttons at the top of the page

Pump model Optional

Switch-on level Water depth in the sump (see previous page) that triggers a pump on

Switch-off level Water depth in the sump that triggers a pump off

Delivery Set in l/s for sewer or m3/s for storm

Head Pumping head in m

Efficiency Optional, for future energy consumption calculations

The pump’s delivery, head and efficiency are obtainable from pump catalogues.

Edit Menu 5-21

Depth Increments

Set the depth increments for quantities


StormEditDepthIncrement

This option allows you to specify the depth increments used in the quantity calculations.

Procedure

The Excavation Depth Increment dialog will be displayed.

Increment x Depth of excavation in millimeters

In the illustration above the depth increments are from 0 to 0.5 meters, 0.5 to 1.0 meters, and so on.

Click on the [Print] button to output the depth increment list to a printer.


Bedding Classes

Define the bedding classes used in quantity calculations


StormEditBeddingClass

Seven basic bedding classes are supported. They are:

Class A Class B Class C Class D Flexible Box Portal Custom

Procedure

The following data must be input for each class:

Bedding Class Select the class name you wish to view or edit.

Invert to Trench Floor The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the bottom of the trench. May be specified in terms of the diameter or vertical size, ie. D/2 or as an absolute value.

This distance is labeled A in the diagram.

Edit Menu 5-23

The minimum and maximum distances may be set for soft and hard materials as described below.

Soft Material

Minimum Distance The minimum distance between the bottom of the culvert and the bottom of the trench in soft material. This must be an absolute value.

Maximum Distance The maximum distance between the bottom of the culvert and the bottom of the trench in soft material. This must be an absolute value.

Hard Material

Minimum Distance The minimum distance between the bottom of the culvert and the bottom of the trench in hard material. This must be an absolute value.

Maximum Distance The maximum distance between the bottom of the culvert and the bottom of the trench in hard material. This must be an absolute value.

Thereafter the following parameters may be specified:

Invert to Bedding Top The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the top of the bedding specified in terms of the vertical size, ie. D+300, or as an absolute.

This distance is labeled as B in the diagram.

Invert to Fill Top

The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the top of the selected backfill specified in terms of the vertical size, ie. D+300, or as an absolute.

This distance must be greater than or equal to the invert to bedding top or 0.

This distance is labeled as C in the diagram.

The bedding diagram will be updated as you change any of the main data items. The [Default] button will reset the bedding parameters to the SABS 1200 specification.


Link Tables


The Link Tables allow the designer to define up to 15 different link types or culverts between nodes. These links may be circular (pipes), rectangular (box culverts), portal/skew haunch, or custom link types.

Custom link types allow you to input the depth to proportional flow and depth to proportional area curves, thus enabling the use of non-standard culvert shapes such as egg-shaped pipes, portal culverts or even parabolic channels.

Edit Menu 5-25

Name

This page allows you to set the link name, friction factors and link type.

The Link Name page functions in conjunction with the Link Sizes Dialog and the Link Flow Curve Dialog. Every link type must have the following characteristics:

Name Specify a link name in up to 15 alpha-numeric characters. This name will be displayed on the Link Table Menu as well is in the Edit Node Data dialog.

Manning Factor Specify the Manning Factor to be used in the hydraulic calculations of all links of this type.

Colebrook-White Roughness

Specify the roughness coefficient in mm

Type Specify the link type as one of the following:

Pipe Standard round pipe.

Box Rectangular box culvert.

Portal Portal culvert with linked side walls.

Custom Any other culvert or channel type. The flow characteristics may be specified in the Link Flow Curve dialog.


Sizes

The link size table allows you to specify your own range of link sizes. The table will require the following data depending on the Link Type.

Pipe Culverts

Nominal Diameter The nominal size of the pipe as displayed in the combo box in the Edit Node Data dialog and all views and printouts.

Internal Diameter The actual internal diameter of the pipe. This value is used for all of the hydraulic calculations.

Overall Diameter The outside diameter of the pipe. This value is used for minimum cover and quantities calculations.

Minimum Slope The minimum slope at which the link will be placed in normal circumstances.

Maximum Slope The maximum slope at which the link will be placed in order to satisfy the minimum velocity requirement.

Side Clearance The space on either side of the link in an excavation. This value is used in the excavation, bedding and backfill volumes calculations.

Active A toggle to indicate whether this size is available during the analysis.

Edit Menu 5-27

Box Culverts

Nominal Width The standard width of the box culvert (usually the internal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog and all views and printouts. This value is used in the hydraulic calculations.

Nominal Height The standard height of the box culvert (usually the internal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog and all views and printouts. This value is used in the hydraulic calculations.

Overall Width The outside width of the link. This value is used in the quantities calculations

Overall Height The outside height of the link. This value is used in the minimum cover and quantity calculations






Portal Culverts

Nominal Width The standard width of the portal culvert (usually the internal horizontal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.

Nominal Height The standard height of the portal culvert (usually the internal vertical dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.


Overall Height The outside height of the link. This value is used in the minimum cover calculations

Knee Height The distance from the bottom of the culvert to the bend point in the side.

Top Offset The horizontal offset from the knee to the top of the culvert.




Active A toggle to indicate whether this size is available during the analysis

Edit Menu 5-29

Custom Culverts

Nominal Width The standard width of the custom culvert (usually the internal horizontal dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts.

Nominal Height The standard height of the custom culvert (usually the internal vertical dimension) which will be displayed in the Edit Node Data dialog, all views and printouts. This value is used in the hydraulic calculations.


Overall Height The outside height of the link. This value is used in the minimum cover calculations






Link Flow Curve Dialog

This dialog allows you to specify the flow and area curves for each type of link. By changing the flow and area curves it is possible to accommodate non-standard link types, i.e. egg-shaped sewer pipes or parabolic channels.

Prop Proportional depth increments from 0.05 to 1.00

Proportional Flow The proportional flow at the relevant depth increment

Proportional Area The proportional area at the relevant depth increment

The area and flow curves must be input for every depth increment. The data is proportional to the full flow condition, i.e. values start at 0.0 and increase to 1.0 for the proportional depth. Flow and area values must be input accordingly.

The graph of the flow and area curves is continuously updated.

Edit Menu 5-31

Node Data

Edit the node data


StormEditNodeData

The node data dialog allows you to input or edit node, link and inflow data. It also includes a page which displays the results relating to the node.

Use the arrow buttons to page through the database or click on the record number button to search for a particular node or record number.

Procedure

The Node Data dialog will be displayed. There are 5 data pages:


Node

The node data page describes the relationship between the nodes and defines the direction of flow from the node to the next node.

Node Name The name or reference to this node and outgoing link in up to 25 alpha-numeric characters. Searches may be performed on these names.

Next Node The name of the downstream node.

Overflow Node The name of the node to which overflows must be directed. This is optional. If no overflow node is specified all overflows will be taken into local storage.

Cover Level The level of the node (manhole) cover in meters.

Manhole Conditions The state of the node invert. This may be one of the following settings: Drop - links placed at minimum slope Invert - links placed with incoming and outgoing invert levels common Soffit - links placed with the inside top of the culvert common 0.075 - an absolute step between the invert levels of the incoming and outgoing links.

Subnet/Branch /Link No These items are usually calculated by the analysis module. However the designer may wish to specify that a certain branch is the trunk or collector. In this instance he would input his data and specify the branch number of 1 for the main branch, 2 for the secondary, and so on. Link numbering starts at 1 for the most upstream link in a branch and increases towards the outfall.

Edit Menu 5-33

Link

The link data defines the link type, bedding and optional link controls such as fixed invert, fixed slope and fixed sizes.

Type The link type may be selected from a drop-down list.

Diameter The diameter of the link in millimeters. The diameter is selected from a drop-down list.

Height The optional height of a box, portal or custom culvert in millimeters.

Width The optional width of a box, portal or custom culvert in millimeters

Bedding The bedding class for this link. The class is selected from a drop-down list.

Number The number of identical and parallel links between this node and the downstream node, ie. 2 x 900 mm pipes.

Minimum Cover The minimum distance from the ground line to the top of the link. This value is applied at each node only.

Length The length of the link, ie. the distance between this node and the downstream node.

Fixed Invert The fixed invert level of the outgoing link

Fixed Slope The fixed slope as a percentage of the outgoing link

Fixed Ratio Slope The fixed slope as a ratio of the outgoing link


Runoff

The program will display a different Runoff data page for each runoff method.

Illudas Time-Area Method

The following data items are required for the Illudas runoff method.

Runoff Area The total contributing runoff area in hectares.

Paved Area (%) The percentage of the sub-catchment that consists of impervious material.

Paved Entry Time The time in minutes for a drop of water to travel from the furthest part of the paved zone to the stormwater inlet.

Paved Depression Storage

The average losses in mm due to surface irregularities.

Supplementary Area (%)

The percentage of the sub-catchment that consists of impervious material which discharges onto a permeable surface, ie. roofs that discharge onto a lawn.

Grass Entry Time The time in minutes for a drop of water to travel from the furthest part of the grassed zone to a point on the contributing paved area or to the stormwater inlet if the contributing paved area is zero.

Grass Depression Storage

The average losses in mm due to surface irregularities.

Soil Type The soil classification which will determine the rate of infiltration.

Hydro Name The name of the inflow hydrograph file.

Edit Menu 5-35

Paved Area Entry Time Calculator

If you click on the […] button next to the Paved Area Entry Time box the Paved Area Entry Time calculator will be displayed.

The paved entry time is the time it takes the runoff from the paved area to run along a gutter with a hydraulic radius of 60mm and a Manning factor of 0.02 to the inlet. The overland flow time for the runoff to reach the gutter is assumed to be 2 minutes which is added to the gutter travel time.

This dialog allows you to calculate the paved area entry time from the following parameters based on Manning's equation:

Length The distance from the catchpit to the furthest hydraulic point of the paved area in meters.

Slope The slope from the furthest hydraulic point expressed as a percentage.

The calculated value will be placed in the Paved Entry Time edit box when you click on the [OK] button.


Grassed Area Entry Time

The grassed area entry time is the time taken for a drop of water to travel from the hydraulically most distant point of the contributing grassed area on to the contributing paved area or the entrance to the stormwater drainage system if there is no paved area. The entry time calculation is based on the Kinematic equation for overland flow:

( ) 4.0

6.0

Wis

nL8.27t

−

=

where

t = travel time in minutes

n = Manning's retardance coefficient for overland flow

L = flow length in m

S = slope in %

i = excess rainfall intensity (mm/h)

W = ratio of sub-catchment width to flow width

If you click on the […] button next to the Grassed Area Entry Time box the Grassed Area Entry Time calculator will be displayed.

This dialog allows you to specify the following parameters:

Length The length of the grassed portion of the catchment area.

Slope The slope of the grassed area expressed as a percentage.

Manning Factor The roughness coefficient of the grassed area.

The excess rainfall intensity multiplied by the width ratio ( Wi ) is assumed to be 25 mm/h as recommended by Watson.

Edit Menu 5-37

Woolhiser recommended the following Manning's retardance coefficients for overland flow

Surface Range

Concrete or asphalt 0.010 - 0.013

Bare sand 0.010 - 0.016

Graveled surface 0.012 - 0.030

Bare clay - loam soil (eroded) 0.012 - 0.033

Sparse vegetation 0.053 - 0.130

Veld 0.100 - 0.200

Lawns 0.170 - 0.480

The calculator will update the grass entry time control when you click the [OK] button.


Rational Formula

The following data items are required for Rational Formula runoff calculations:

Runoff Area The total contributing runoff area in square kilometers.

Time of Concentration The time it takes for a drop of water to travel from the most distant part of the catchment to the catchpit. Click on the [...] button to display the Time of Concentration calculator.

Rural Percentage The rural portion of the catchment area expressed as a percentage of the total area.

Rural Factor The rural area runoff coefficient which may be calculated using the rural coefficient calculator.

Urban Percentage The urban portion of the catchment area expressed as a percentage of the total area.

Urban Factor The urban area runoff coefficient which may be calculated using the urban coefficient calculator.

Lakes The percentage of the catchment area consisting of lakes or ponds which do not contribute to runoff.

Inflow Hydrograph Import a flow hydrograph at this node

Edit Menu 5-39

Time of Concentration

The Time of concentration is the time it takes for a drop of water to travel from the most distant part of the catchment to the catchpit.This calculator allows you to calculate the time of concentration. Two types of flow are taken into account - overland and watercourse.

Overland

The overland flow option is used where there is no defined stream or concentration of water. When this option is selected you will be able to specify the roughness factor. The time of concentration is calculated according to the following formula.

467.0

5.0cS

rL604.0T

=

where

r = roughness coefficient L = length of the catchment area in km S = slope of the catchment area in m/m

Watercourse

This option is used for all flows are concentrated into streams or rivers. The time of concentration is calculated according to the following formula.

385.0

avg

2

cS1000

L87.0T

=

where

L = length of the catchment area in km Savg = average slope of the catchment area in m/m

The Time of Concentration dialog will be displayed.


The following data may be entered:

Flow Type Select overland where there is no defined stream or concentration of water, otherwise select watercourse.

Roughness Coefficient

The roughness coefficient defines the surface roughness which determines the flow speed. The options are:

Surface Roughness Coefficient

Paved Area 0.02

Clean Soil 0.10

Sparse Grass 0.30

Moderate Grass 0.40

Thick Bush 0.80

Longest Length The length of the catchment area in kilometers.

Average Slope The slope of the catchment area expressed in vertical meters/horizontal meter.

Time of Concentration

The calculated value is updated as you change the values and settings of the above items.

Click on [OK] to accept and transfer the calculated value into the time of concentration control in the rational runoff page.

Edit Menu 5-41

Rural Coefficient

There are three main variables which determine the rural runoff ie. surface slope, permeability and vegetation. You may specify the percentage makeup of each variable in the dialog.

This dialog allows you to enter the various values which are used to calculate the rural runoff coefficient.

The program uses these percentage values plus the following factors to determine the final rural area factor.

Component Classification Mean Average Rainfall

< 600 600 - 900 > 900

Surface Slope Vlei's and Pans (< 3%) 0.01 0.03 0.05

Flat Areas (3% to 10%) 0.06 0.08 0.11

Hilly (10% to 30%) 0.12 0.16 0.20

Steep Areas ( > 30%) 0.22 0.26 0.30

Permeability Very Permeable 0.03 0.04 0.05

Permeable 0.06 0.08 0.10

Semi-Permeable 0.12 0.16 0.20

Impermeable 0.21 0.26 0.30

Vegetation Thick Bush/Plantation 0.03 0.04 0.05

Light Bush/Farmland 0.07 0.11 0.15

Grassland 0.17 0.21 0.25

No Vegetation 0.26 0.28 0.30


Urban Coefficient

The urban runoff coefficient defines the runoff from urban surfaces. For convenience the urban area is broken down into four types or classes. Define the percentage that each type makes up of the total urban area as well as a runoff coefficient for each type.

This dialog allows you to determine the urban runoff factor by specifying the makeup of the catchment area.

Specify the makeup of the urban coefficient in percent. The total must be 100 percent. Thereafter select a runoff factor for each of the urban surface types using the following guidelines:

Usage Description Factor

Lawns and Parks Sandy, flat ( < 2%) 0.05 - 0.10

Sandy, steep ( > 7%) 0.15 - 0.20

Heavy soil, flat (< 2%) 0.13 - 0.17

Heavy soil, steep ( > 7%) 0.25 - 0.35

Industrial Areas Light 0.50 - 0.80

Heavy 0.60 - 0.90

City and Residential Houses 0.30 - 0.50

Flats 0.50 - 0.70

City Centre 0.70 - 0.95

Suburban 0.70 - 0.70

Street 0.70 - 0.95

Edit Menu 5-43

Control

Each node may have certain flow and local storage restrictions placed on it.

Maximum Flow The flow into the outgoing link may be limited to a specific value regardless of the capacity of the link.

Maximum Storage If no overflow node is specified the analysis module will assume that excess link flows will be taken up in some form of local storage, ie. a surge tank.

In many instances one would wish to take a specified volume of flow up in local storage and then pass the excess flow on to an overflow node.

Node Y Coordinate The Y coordinate of the node or manhole.

Node X Coordinate The X coordinate of the node or manhole.


Results

Selected results are presented on this page for your information.

Delete/Recall

This button will mark the current record for deletion or if it has already been deleted it will remove the deletion flag. Deleted records will only be removed from the database when you close the project and answer Yes to the question "Do you want to remove deleted records". Once the database has been packed it is impossible to recover the deleted records.

Find

By clicking on the button that displays the current record number, ie the button that displays "00001:00075", you may search for a specific record.

Show

Click on this button to zoom the view around the current link.

Edit Menu 5-45

Node Data &Spreadsheet

Edit the node data in a spreadsheet


StormEditNodeSheet

This option allows you to edit the data in a spreadsheet format. You may cut and paste between cells in the spreadsheet.

Procedure

The Node Data spreadsheet is displayed. You may change the size of the dialog by clicking and dragging the bottom right corner.

On fields where the data is limited to a selection a dropdown list will be displayed. Select the desired option from the list.

You may use the following shortcuts:

Cut Ctrl+X

Copy Ctrl+C

Paste Ctrl+V

Click on OK to save your changes.


Notes:

Analysis Menu 6-1

Analysis Menu

This menu allows you to analyse or evaluate part or all the network and calculate the quantities according to SABS 1200 standards.

6-2 Storm Reference

Network

Analyse the network flows, sizes and grades


StormAnalysisNetwork

This option allows you to analyze the network and calculate flows, link sizes, levels and slopes. During the analysis you will be informed by means of a progress dialog.

The Analysis Wizard will be displayed. The first page will vary depending on the inflow method specified in the Design Parameters.

Illudas

Storm File Name Input the name of the storm to be applied to the catchment area or click on the [...] button to display the File Open dialog.

Antecedant Moisture Condition

Select the antecedant moisture condition prior to the storm event.

Routing Method Specify which routing method to use:

Continuity equation Time Shift

Click on the Next button. The Analysis options page is displayed. You may return to this page by clicking on the Back button.

Analysis Menu 6-3

Rational

Return Period The return period or statistical frequency of the storm event.

Mean Annual Precipitation

The average annual precipitation in mm.

Rainfal Region Specify one of the following regions:

Winter Summer All Year


Routing Method Specify which routing method to use:

Continuity equation Time Shift

Click on the Next button. The Analysis options page is displayed. You may return to this page by clicking on the Back button.

6-4 Storm Reference

Analysis options

This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes by clicking the All option or just the selected nodes by clicking the Selected option. For example, if you had selected only a branch using Graphical ► Select ► Upstream the program will only analyze that portion of the network.

If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must select the Renumber branches and links option.

The Keep existing subnetworks option locks the subnet numbering to the previously calculated numbering.

The Recalulate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the length of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.

Click on the [Finish] button to proceed. The Output Manager dialog will be displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log that will be generated during the analysis. To direct the log to the Output Window check the Screen output option.

After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be displayed. Each window displays certain aspects of the results such as flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the hydraulic gradient. These windows or views are discussed in the View Menu chapter.

Analysis Menu 6-5

Quantities

Calculate the quantities


StormAnalysisQuantities

This option allows you to calculate the quantities of the selected links in the network according to the parameters defined in the depth increments and the Bedding Classes.

The Print Manager will be displayed. Specify where you want the output to be directed. Click on OK.

A progress window will be displayed during the calculation. You may terminate the quantity analysis at any time by clicking on the Cancel button. Thereafter the results will be displayed in a series of windows or views as discussed in the View Menu.

6-6 Storm Reference

Notes:

View Menu 7-1

View Menu

These functions allow you to view input data, results, quantities and link hydrographs.

7-2 Storm Reference

Input Data

The input data views display the data you have input in the following three windows.

Node Data

Display node input data


StormViewInputNodeData

This view includes the following data items:

• Node name • Next node name

• Overflow node name • Branch number • Link number • Inlet condition • Cover level • Y coordinate • X coordinate • Maximum inflow • Maximum storage

Link Data

Display link input data


StormViewInputLinkData


• Link name • Number of links • Link type • Link size or description • Bedding class • Minimum cover • Length

• Fixed inlet level • Fixed slope

View Menu 7-3

Runoff Data

Display runoff input data


StormViewInputInflowData

The data displayed by this view is determined by the runoff method.

Illudas


• Node Name • Area in ha • % Paved Area

• Paved Area Entry Time in minutes • Paved Area Depression Storage in mm • % Supplementary Area • Grass Area Entry Time in minutes • Grass Area Depression Storage in mm • Soil Type • The short name of the inflow hydrograph

Rational


• Node name • Area in square kilometers • Time of Concentration in minutes • % Rural runoff • Rural Runoff Coefficient, • % Urban runoff • Urban Runoff Coefficient

• % Lakes

7-4 Storm Reference

Results

The results views display the results of the last analysis in the following five windows.

Summary

Display a summary of the analysis


StormViewResultsSummary

This option displays a summary of the network analysis and includes the outfall node data. The example below is generated for the Unit Flow method.

Results Summary

---------------

File Name: C:\CivDes6\Samples\Tutor\sewer.sew

Inflow Calculation Method = Unit Flow

Number of Nodes analyzed = 87

Outfall Data

Outfall Node = Outfall

Outlet Level = 1548.8480 m

Design Flow = 7.9740 l/s

Total Point Inflow = 1.1250 l/s

Peak Flow = 8.2640 l/s

Attenuation Factor = 0.9590

Equivalent Population = 1659

Contributing Units

Low Income = 22

Middle Income = 10

High Income = 5

Townhouse = 1

View Menu 7-5

Runoff Analysis

Display the results of the runoff analysis


StormViewResultsInflowAnalysis

This option displays the results data generated during the inflow analysis. The data displayed will vary according to the inflow method.

Illudas

The data includes:

• Node name • Next node name • Runoff in m3/s • The volume of runoff from the Paved Area in m3

• The volume of runoff from the Grass Area in m3 • The total volume of runoff from the sub-catchment in m3

Rational

The data includes:

• Node name

• Next node name • Runoff in m3/s • The rural runoff coefficient • The urban runoff coefficient

7-6 Storm Reference

Flow Analysis

Display the results of the flow analysis


StormViewResultsFlowAnalysis

Displays the results generated by the flow or hydraulic analysis. Data items include:

• Link name • Next link name

• Number of Links • Link type • Calculated size of the link • Flow in m3/s • Capacity of the link at the specified proportional flow depth in m3/s • Velocity at peak flow in m/s • Flow depth expressed as a percentage of the link size

Overflow Analysis

Display the results of the overflow analysis


StormViewResultsOverflowAnalysis

Displays the results generated by the overflow analysis. Data items include:

• Link name • Next link name • Inflow from the contributing units • Point source inflow in l/s • Design flow in l/s which is the sum of the previous two columns • Actual flow transported by the link in l/s • Capacity of the link at the specified proportional depth in l/s • Overflow from the link in l/s, i.e. the difference between the design

flow and the flow.

View Menu 7-7

Layout Analysis

Display the results of the layout analysis


StormViewResultsLayoutAnalysis

This option displays data relating to the geometric position of the link. Data items include:

• Link name • Next link name

• Number of links • Link type • Calculated size in mm or the link description • Length in m • Slope of the link expressed as a percentage • Inlet level of the link in m • Outlet level of the link in m • Cover to the link in m

Hydraulic Grade

Display the results of the hydraulic grade analysis


StormViewResultsHydraulicAnalysis

This option displays the elevation of the hydraulic grade line as well as other hydraulic control data. Data items include:

• Link name • Hydraulic grade in m • Cover level of the node (manhole) in m • Soffit level of the link in m • Velocity of flow in m/s • Flow depth in the link in m

7-8 Storm Reference

Quantities

The quantities windows display the results of the SABS1200 quantity calculations. You must have run Analysis ► Quantities before you access these functions.

Excavation Lengths

Display the excavation lengths


StormViewQuantityExcLength

This option collects and displays the excavation lengths generated by the quantity analysis. The data is sorted by link type and size and includes the excavation length in every depth increment.

Excavation Volumes

Display the excavation volumes


StormViewQuantityExcVolume

This option collects and displays the excavation volumes generated by the quantity analysis. The data is sorted by link type and size and includes the excavation volume in every depth increment as well as extra over items for intermediate and hard material.

View Menu 7-9

The trench widths are calculated from the overall width of the culvert plus the side clearance specified in the Link Tables.

Bedding and Backfill Volumes

Display the bedding, selected backfill and general backfill volumes


StormViewQuantityBeddingVolume

This option collects and displays the bedding volume, selected backfill and general backfill volumes of the selected links. The data is sorted by bedding class.

The bedding classes are defined in Edit ► Bedding Classes. The selected backfill is the backfill defined in the Invert to Fill Top (C) edit box. The general backfill is the fill on top of the selected backfill to the top of the trench.


Culvert Lengths

Display the summary of culvert lengths


StormViewQuantityCulvertLength

This function displays a summary of culvert lengths sorted by culvert type.

Manhole Depths

Display the summary of manhole depths


StormViewQuantityManholeDepth

This function displays a summary of manhole depths in the depth increments specified in Edit Depth Increments.

View Menu 7-11

Link Hydrograph

Display a hydrograph of the flow through a link


StormViewLinkHydrograph

This option displays the inflow, outflow, and overflow hydrographs as well as the inlet inflow on a common set of axes. It is only available for the Hydrograph inflow method.

Procedure

The Link Hydrograph dialog will be displayed. There are two pages:

Array

Select the link from the dropdown list. The hydrograph inflow array will be displayed in the table.

To view the graph click on the [Graph] tab.


Graph

This page displays the link inflow, outflow and overflow hydrographs, as well as the inlet hydrograph. The graphs are plotted on one set of axes as shown below.

Print

Click on the [Print] button to output the array and graph to a printer. You will be able to select the destination device before printing.

Export

Click on the [Export] button to create a hydrograph file with the data from the outflow array. The file is stored in the industry standard dBase IV file format that can then be imported on the Node Data Inflow page.

View OutFlow / View Inflow

Click on the [View Outflow] button to display the outflow array. The button caption will change to [View Inflow].

View Menu 7-13

Multiple Hydrographs

Display a hydrograph of the flow through a link


StormViewMultipleHydrographs

This function displays up to 10 hydrographs on a common set of axes. It is extremely useful to see how various flows interact with each other. This option is only available for the Hydrograph inflow method.

Procedure

The Multiple Link Hydrographs dialog will be displayed.

Links

This page allows you to select which link hydrographs to display. Select the links from the dropdown lists.


Graph

Displays the outflow hydrographs of the selected links on a common set of axes.

Graphical Menu 8-1

Graphical Menu

The graphical functions allow you to create and manipulate the stormwater database graphically.

8-2 Storm Reference

Classify Nodes and Links

Convert drawing entities in database records


StormGraphicalNodeClassify

This function allows you to create database records by indicating drawing entities. The program will add a record to the dataset and copy selected data into the record.

The drawing must contain circles representing the nodes with associated text near each circle representing the node name.

Procedure

For example, in the picture below there are two circles with the node names as text items, MH 123 and MH 124 respectively.

The program will prompt:

Classify: Indicate upstream node

Click on or near the circle that represents node MH 123. The program will extract the centre coordinates of the circle, search for nearby text to

Graphical Menu 8-3

use as the node name, and also extract a cover level for the node from the DTM if one is included in the project.


Classify: Indicate the downstream node (right mouse button

to stop)

Click on or near the circle representing MH 124. The Node Data dialog will be displayed. You may now input any additional information that is required.

Click on the [Close] button to exit the node data dialog. The nodes and link will be displayed. The program will continue to prompt:

Classify: Indicate the downstream node (right mouse button

to stop)

Continue indicating downstream nodes or press [ESC] or [Spacebar] to terminate the function.

Alternatively, if you want to connect the new node (MH 123) to an existing node in the dataset (042 in this example), then click on or near the existing node. In this instance the program will prompt for an upstream node after you have closed the Node Data dialog.

8-4 Storm Reference

Edit Node and Link Data

Query and edit node and link data


StormGraphicalNodeEdit

This function allows you to query and edit existing node and link data.

Procedure


Query: Indicate node or link to query

Click on a node or link. The Node Data dialog will be displayed with the relevant data.

Press [ESC] or [Spacebar] to terminate the function.

Graphical Menu 8-5

Select

The select functions allow you to select nodes and links individually, upstream from a specific point, or all the nodes and links. You can also clear an existing selection.

The network analysis and the quantity calculations are only done on selected records. In addition, the Cover Level and Set Parameters functions only operate on selected records.

The display is updated when you activate the selection functions to highlight all the selected nodes and links. Upon completion of the selection functions the nodes and links will be re-drawn normally.

Single

Select a single node and link


StormGraphicalSelectSingle

This function allows you to select or de-select a single node and link.

Procedure


Select: Indicate link to select

Click on the node or link you want to select or de-select. The display will be updated to reflect the status of the node and link.


Branch

Select the nodes and links with the same Subnetwork and Branch numbers


SewerGraphicalSelectBranch

This function allows you to select all the nodes and links with the same subnetwork and branch numbers by selecting one of the links in the branch.

Procedure


8-6 Storm Reference

Select Branch: Indicate link to start branch trace

Place the cursor on a link and click. All the nodes and links with the same subnet and branch number as the indicated node or link will be selected.

Upstream

Select the nodes and links upstream from a specified point


StormGraphicalSelectUpstream

This function allows you to select all the nodes and links upstream from a specified point. The program will clear the existing selection and then track and select all nodes and links upstream of the indicated point.

Procedure


Select Upstream: Indicate link to start upstream trace

Place the cursor on a link and click. All the nodes and links upstream of the indicated node or link will be selected.

All

Select all the nodes and links


StormGraphicalSelectAll

This function allows you to select all the nodes and links in a data set.

Procedure

The program will redraw the network in selected mode.

Clear

Clear all the selected nodes and links


StormGraphicalSelectClear

This function allows you to de-select all the nodes and links in a data set.

Graphical Menu 8-7

Procedure

The program will redraw the network in normal mode.

Toggle Show Selected

Toggle between showing the selection highlighted or normal.


SewerToggleShowSelected

This function allows you to switch the display of the selected node and links on or off. The program will redraw the selected section of the network in normal mode and on the next click back in selected mode.

8-8 Storm Reference

Add Node

Add a node and link


StormGraphicalNodeAdd

This function allows you to graphically add a node and link to the data set.

Procedure


Add Node: Indicate position of new node

Indicate the position of the new node. You may use any of the snap modes to do so. Once you have clicked with the mouse or pressed Enter the program will prompt:

Add Node: Input New Node Name

Type in a new node name and click on �. The node will be drawn and the program will prompt:

Add Node: Indicate the next downstream node (right mouse

button to stop)

If you click on an existing node the program will insert the existing node's name into the next node field and display the Node Data dialog. If you click on a new node position the program will ask for the name of the second new node before displaying the Node Data dialog.

The program will extract the Cover Level from the specified terrain model surface and calculate the length of the link automatically. The program will continue to prompt:

Add Node: Indicate position of new node


Graphical Menu 8-9

Delete Node

Delete an existing node


StormGraphicalNodeDelete

This function allows you to graphically delete a node and it's associated link from the data set.

Procedure


Delete Node: Indicate node to delete

Position the cursor on the node to be deleted and click with the left mouse button. The node will be marked as deleted and the screen re-drawn.

The node may be recalled by opening the Node Data dialog, displaying the deleted record and clicking on the Recall button.

The program will continue to prompt:

Delete Node: Indicate node to delete

Indicate additional nodes or press [ESC] or the [Spacebar] to terminate the function.


Insert Node

Insert a node into an existing link


StormGraphicalNodeInsert

This function allows you to graphically insert a node into an existing link.

Procedure


Insert Node: Indicate link to insert new node

Position the cursor near to the existing link to be "cut" and click. The cursor will snap onto the link and the program will prompt you for the name of the inserted node:

Insert Node: Input New Node Name

Type in the name of the inserted node and click on ü. The Node Data dialog will be displayed.

The program will extract the Cover Level from the specified terrain model surface and calculate the length of the link automatically. It will also adjust the length of the cut link.


Insert Node: Indicate link to insert new node

Indicate additional nodes or press [ESC] or the [Spacebar] to terminate the function.

Graphical Menu 8-11

Connect Node

Define the connectivity between nodes


StormGraphicalNodeConnect

This function allows you to graphically define or change the connectivity between nodes. If you change the connectivity of an existing link it will be removed.

Procedure


Connect Node: Indicate node

Position the cursor on the upstream node and click. The program will remove the existing link (if any) and prompt:

Connect Node: Indicate downstream node to connect to (right

mouse button to stop)

Position the cursor on the downstream node and click. The link will be drawn in the new position. The link from the downstream node will now be erased from the display.


Connect Node: Indicate downstream node to connect to (right

mouse button to stop)

Continue to indicate additional downstream nodes or press [ESC] or the [Spacebar] to terminate the function.


Move Node

Move an existing node


StormGraphicalNodeMove

This function allows you to graphically move a node and it's incoming and outgoing links. The program will automatically extract the Cover Level from the specified terrain model surface and re-calculate the lengths of all the links connected to the node.

Procedure


Move Node: Indicate node to move

Position the cursor close to the node to be moved and click. The cursor will snap to the centre of the node and the program will prompt:

Move Node: Indicate new position of node

As you move the cursor the display is updated to show the position of the node and it's attached links. Move the cursor to the new position and click or press [Enter]. You may use the snap modes to place the node accurately.

Graphical Menu 8-13

Cover Levels

Update node cover levels


StormGraphicalNodeCoverLevels

This function will extract levels from the digital terrain model and update the node cover levels of all the selected nodes.

Procedure

The DTM Surfaces dialog will be displayed.

Specify the surface to be used to interpolate the cover level and click on [OK]. The program will scan the database and extract a cover level for each selected node. If no nodes have been selected the following error message will be displayed:

No nodes selected

Use the Graphical ► Select functions to select nodes.


Set Parameters

Update node and link parameters


StormGraphicalSetParameters

This function allows you to set or change certain parameters of selected nodes and links.

Procedure

The Set Parameters dialog is displayed.

To change one of the displayed items click on the check box. Thereafter specify the value to set in the list or control on the right of the item. Once you have set all the items you wish to change click on [OK]. All the selected nodes and links will be updated.

If no nodes have been selected the following error message will be displayed:

No nodes or links selected

Use the Graphical ► Select functions to select nodes.

Graphical Menu 8-15

Clashes

Check for clashes between two services


GraphicalClashes

This function checks for clashes between any two services such as Storm, storm, water or roads. The second service must be part of the project. See Edit Project for details on setting up a project.

Procedure

The Service Clashes dialog is displayed.

Select which two services to test for clashes in the dropdown lists and specify the clearance required between the services. In the example above the program will test the sewer and stormwater networks for a clearance of 0.3m between links.

Click on the Check button to start the analysis. As a clash is found the details are displayed on the table as shown below.

In the example above the sewer culvert from node 016 to node 015 clashes with the storm culvert between nodes 7 and 8. To view the position of the clash right click on the table. The Design Centre display will be changed to position the clash on the centre of the screen as shown in the following illustration.


Click on the [Close] button to return to the Design Centre.

Graphical Menu 8-17

Rename

Rename existing node.


StormGraphicalNodeRename

This option allows you to graphically change the node names.

Procedure

The program will prompt.

Rename : Indicate node to rename

Position the cursor on the node to rename and click. The program will read and show the existing node name and prompt:

Rename : Input new node name

Type in the new name for the node and click on the tick. The program will continue to prompt:

Rename : Indicate node to rename

Continue to change node names or press [ESC] to terminate the function.


Renumber Branches

Renumber existing branches.


StormGraphicalBranchRenumber

This option allows you to graphically change the numbering of the branches.

Procedure


Renumber branches : Indicate branch to renumber

Position the cursor on the branch to renumber and click. The program will read and show the existing branch number and prompt:

Renumber : Input new branch number

Type in the new branch number for the branch and click on the tick. The program will continue to prompt:

Renumber branches : Indicate branch to renumber

Continue to change branch numbers or press [ESC] to terminate the function.

Graphical Menu 8-19

Create Subnetwork

Create new sub-networks from a selection in an existing network.


StormCreateSubnet

This option allows you to graphically select a section of an existing network and create a new sub-network from it.

Procedure


Create subnetwork : Indicate link to start upstream trace

Position the cursor on the branch where upstream trace must start and click. The program will trace all the branches and links upstream from the link and highlight them. A confirmation window will be displayed asking:

Create subnetwork from selection?

Click on the YES button if you are happy with the selection. The print manager will open and you can select options for the output type. The renumbering of the subnetwork will be spooled to the specified output options. The program will continue to prompt:

Create subnetwork : Indicate link to start upstream trace

Continue to create another sub-network or press [ESC] to terminate the function.


Vertical Alignment

Display or edit link vertical alignment.


StormQuickLongSection

This option allows the designer to view a quick vertical alignment of the branches and links of the network and to edit the invert levels of the manholes. The soft material line will be displayed on the long section as well as the Intermediate and Hard material lines if available.

Procedure

The Longitudinal Section dialog will be displayed.

The vertical alignment of subnetwork 1, branch 1 will be shown. The designer can scroll through the vertical alignment of the whole network by changing the subnetwork and branch numbers.

Graphical Menu 8-21

Toolbar The toolbar on the left of the window allows the designer to move the invert level of the manholes up or down. There are also four zoom buttons for zoom functions in the graphical display. (Zoom Window, Zoom In, Zoom Out and Zoom All)

Display The designer can select the detail options that he want displayed in the legend at the bottom of the graphical presentation of the vertical alignment.

Select Change the Subnetwork and Branch numbers to view the vertical alignment of different sections of the network.


Notes:

Tools Menu 9-1

Settings Menu

The Settings Menu allows you to specify the index order of the input data or results views, rebuild the database index, specify the DTM surfaces from which to extract cover and other levels, and change the display settings.

9-2 Storm Reference

Index Order

To change to display order of dataset records


StormDatabaseOrder

This function allows you to change the order of the records in the Node Edit dialog and the various View options.

Procedure

The Node Data Index dialog is displayed.

Click on the arrow on the right to display a list of the available indexes. Click on [OK] to set the order.

Any views (input data or results) that are currently open will be updated to display the data in the selected order. The Node Data dialog will also display the records in the active index order.

Tools Menu 9-3

Rebuild Index

To re-create the index files


StormReIndex

This function rebuilds the database index and re-calculates the geographic index for each node and link.

You may sometimes have to run this function if the data is not being displayed correctly or if the Zoom ► All function is not displaying the entire network.

Procedure

The index will be rebuilt and the display refreshed to the extents of the network data.

9-4 Storm Reference

DTM Surface

To specify which DTM surfaces must be used


StormDTMSurface

This function allows you to specify which DTM surfaces must be used to extract the soft, intermediate and hard ground lines.

Procedure

The DTM Surfaces dialog will be displayed.

Specify which surface must be used for each material type by clicking on the arrow and selecting a surface from the dropdown list. Thereafter specify the search distance for relevant DTM data. Usually a search distance of 100m will be sufficient. On digital terrain models with very sparse data you should increase the search distance to 2 x the average distance between survey points.

Click on [OK] to store the settings.

Tools Menu 9-5

Display Settings

Opens the Display Settings Dialog


DisplaySettings

This dialog allows you to specify the items that should shown in the graphical display and the manner in which they should be displayed.

Procedure

The Display Settings dialog is displayed.

Show stormwater layout

Check this option to display the Stormwater layout.

Annotation Font Select the font to be used for all annotations on the Stormwater layout.

9-6 Storm Reference

Symbol - Pen The node is displayed as a circle in the specified colour. To change the colour click the button and select a colour from the Colour dialog.

Symbol - Size on paper

Specify the size of the circle in millimeters on paper. Use the arrows to step through a list of available sizes.

Symbol - Linetype Specify the line type the circle must be drawn in. Use the arrows to step through a list of available line styles.

Annotations - Pen The node annotations are displayed in the specified colour. To change the colour click the button and select a colour from the Colour dialog.

Annotations - Size Specify the node annotation text size in points.

Annotations - Box Check this option to have a box filled in the current drawing background colour placed behind the annotation text. This is a useful option if you wish to blank out portions of the underlying data in order to highlight the text.

Annotations - Horizontal offset

Specify an offset in metres horizontally from the actual node position at which the annotation text origin should be placed.

Annotations - Vertical offset

Specify an offset in metres vertically from the actual node position at which the annotation text origin should be placed.

Annotations - Text label origin

Select one of the 8 available positions for the annotation text origin. The centre position is the actual node position.

Annotations - Node text

Enter the text to be written as annotation at each node. A number of variables are available. These are {NAME}, {COVER}, {INVERT} and {DEPTH}. Right click the relevant cell to select from a menu.

Tools Menu 9-7

Line - Default Pen The link is displayed as a line in the specified colour if Colour Scheme (see below) is set to Default. To change the colour click the button and select a colour from the Colour dialog.

Line - Width on paper

Specify the width of the line in millimeters on paper. Use the arrows to step through a list of available sizes.

Line - Linetype Specify the line style. Use the arrows to step through a list of available line styles.

Line - Arrow Length and Width

Specify the length and width (in millimetres on paper) of the flow direction arrow. Use the arrows to step through a list of available sizes.

Line - Colour Scheme

Select the design item by which the link colours should be determined. The options here are Default (which uses the default line pen as specified previously), Size, Slope, Capacity, Flow, Velocity and Depth of Flow.

Line - Range Start Enter the minimum value for the selected design item. Only available when Colour Scheme is not set to Default.

Line - Increment Enter the increment value for each step in the range of values. There are 20 steps in the range. Only available when Colour Scheme is not set to Default.

Annotation - Pen The link annotations are displayed in the specified colour. To change the colour click the button and select a colour from the Colour dialog.

Annotation - Size Specify the link annotation text size in points. Use the arrows to step through a list of available sizes.

Annotation - Offset distance

Enter the offset in metres from the annotation text to the link. The text label origin will be moved away from the link by that amount.

9-8 Storm Reference

Annotation - Box Check this option to have a box filled in the current drawing background colour placed behind the annotation text. This is a useful option if you wish to blank out portions of the underlying data in order to highlight the text.

Annotation - Text above and below link

Enter the text to be written as annotation for each link. A number of variables are available. These are {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH}, {BEDDING}, {SLOPE}, {RATIOSLOPE}, {FLOW}, {CAPACITY}, {VELOCITY}, {DEPTH}, {FIXEDSIZE}, {FIXEDSLOPE} and {FIXEDRATIOSLOPE}. Right click the relevant cell to select from a menu. You may also define the number of decimals for numeric items. For example, an item "{LENGTH.1}" will display the length of the link to 1 decimal. The default display is 3 decimals.

Colour Range Click the relevant button to change the colour assigned to that particular range item.

Fill in the relevant data and click the [OK] button to continue.

Index

A Add Node............................................................................................................. 8-8 Analysis ............................................................................................... 7-8, 8-5, 8-15 ASCII .................................................................................................................. 4-19 ASCII file ........................................................................................................... 4-19

B Backfill Volumes ................................................................................................ 7-8 Bedding.............................................................................................................. 4-19 Bedding Classes ................................................................................................. 7-8 Volumes.......................................................................................................... 4-19

C Calculate ............................................................................................. 7-8, 8-8, 8-10 calculation of runoff .......................................................................................... 2-2 Clashes ............................................................................................................... 8-15 Classify Nodes..................................................................................................... 8-2 Colebrook-White .............................................................................................. 2-14 Connect Node ................................................................................................... 8-11 controls............................................................................................................... 2-11 Coordinate....................................................................................................7-2, 8-2 Cover Level ...................................................... 4-19, 7-2, 8-2, 8-5, 8-8, 8-10, 8-13 Culvert Lengths.........................................................................................4-19, 7-8

D D'Arcy-Weisbach.............................................................................................. 2-13 DBase IV file ..................................................................................................... 7-11 Delete Node......................................................................................................... 8-9 Depth .................................................................................................................... 7-8 Depth Increments .....................................................................................4-19, 7-8 Design Centre ................................................................................................... 8-15 Design Parameters .......................................................................................... 4-19 detention storage ............................................................................................. 2-11 DTM...............................................................................................................8-2, 9-4 DTM Surface....................................................................................................... 9-4 dual runoff modelling...................................................................................... 2-12 dual runoff modelling...................................................................................... 2-11

E Edit Node............................................................................................................. 8-4 Excavation Lengths..................................................................................4-19, 7-8 Excavation Volumes.................................................................................4-19, 7-8

F File Menu .............................................................................................................4-1 Flow resistance........................................................................................................2-13

G Grade ..................................................................................................................4-19 Ground Lines ......................................................................................................9-4

H Hard Material............................................................................................ 4-19, 7-8 Harmon....................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2 Hazen-Williams.................................................................................................2-13 hydrograph inflow...............................................................................................................2-11

Hydrograph ............................................................................ 4-19, 7-2, 7-11, 7-13 Hydrographs............................................................................................ 7-11, 7-13

I infiltration ............................................................................................................2-8 antecedent moisture condition ..................................................................2-10 Horton's equation ...........................................................................................2-8 soil classification .............................................................................................2-9 soil types ...........................................................................................................2-9

Inflow ....................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2, 7-11, 7-13 Inflow Class ............................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2 Inflow Data ..........................................................................................................7-2 inflow hydrograph............................................................................................2-11 inlet capacity .....................................................................................................2-11 Input Data............................................................................................................7-2 Insert Node ........................................................................................................8-10 Interpolate .........................................................................................................8-13 Invert........................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-8 isocronal zones....................................................................................................2-3

L Link Data ............................................................................................4-19, 7-2, 8-4 Link Type............................................................................................4-19, 7-2, 7-8 Links ..... 7-2, 7-8, 7-11, 7-13, 8-2, 8-4, 8-5, 8-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 8-14, 8-15, 9-3 losses .....................................................................................................................2-2

M major and minor drainage systems ..............................................................2-11 major and minor drainage systems ..............................................................2-12 Manhole Conditions.........................................................................................4-19 Manhole Depths........................................................................................ 4-19, 7-8 Maximum Storage.................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2

Maximum Velocity........................................................................................... 4-19 Minimum Cover ........................................................................................4-19, 7-2 Minimum Velocity ........................................................................................... 4-19 Move Node......................................................................................................... 8-12 Multiple Hydrographs..................................................................................... 7-13

N Network .............................................................................................. 8-5, 8-15, 9-3 Node Data....................................................4-19, 7-2, 8-2, 8-4, 8-8, 8-9, 8-10, 9-2 Node Name..................................................................................7-2, 8-2, 8-8, 8-10

O Option settings.................................................................................................. 4-25 Output ................................................................................................................ 4-22 Overflow Node...........................................................................................4-19, 7-2

P Plot ...................................................................................................................... 7-11 Point Source ..............................................................................................4-19, 7-2 Project new.................................................................................................................... 4-2 open................................................................................................................... 4-7 save.................................................................................................................... 4-9

Q Quantities ........................................................................................... 4-19, 7-8, 8-5

R reach controls........................................................................................................... 2-11

reservoir............................................................................................................. 2-11 Results................................................................................................................ 4-19 Road.................................................................................................................... 8-15

S SABS1200 ............................................................................................................ 7-8 Select .................................................................................................................... 8-5 Set Parameters ..........................................................................................8-5, 8-14 Sewer.................................................................................................................. 8-15 Side Clearance.................................................................................................... 7-8 Spool ................................................................................................................... 4-24 storm based on IDF curve data............................................................................... 2-7 Chicago............................................................................................................. 2-6 other shapes .................................................................................................... 2-7 regionalised data ............................................................................................ 2-7 types.................................................................................................................. 2-6

Storm ..................................................................................................................8-15 Stormwater........................................................................................................8-15

T time area curve..................................................................................................................2-2 diagram.............................................................................................................2-4

U Unit........................................................................................................................7-2 Unit Flow ................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-2

V Volumes...................................................................................................... 4-19, 7-8 Bedding ..........................................................................................................4-19

W Water...................................................................................................................8-15

Documents

STORM V6 - knowbase.net Designer/Storm.pdf · The STORM Analysis and Design module is a complete tool for the analysis and design of stormwater networks. It will calculate the invert