19681 BOOKS IN REVIEW 53 ~~

Books in Review . . Jewel Bellush, Editor

State Government STORM OVER THE STATES. By Terry

Sanford. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 330 West 42nd Street, New York 10036, 1967. xviii, 218 pp. $5.95.

The states today are taxing more, spending more, borrowing more, hiring more and doing more than at any time in their history. Their vitality is evident. Yet there is indeed a storm over the states. There is serious questioning in many quarters about the significance of the states in the modern scheme of govern- ment. More fundamental is the question- ing of the federal system as a viable pattern of government in an urban age. Beginning perhaps with the report of the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in 1955, the spate of studies and commentaries-most highly literate, thoughtful and sympathetic-has high- lighted this concern.

Here, Terry Sanford‘s contribution to the growing literature is not only an ex- pression of faith but also a manifesto. During his term as governor of North Carolina (1961-1965), he sparked a suc- cessful effort to revitalize the state’s edu- cational enterprise ; instituted an anti- poverty program before the national effort was begun; and, above all, made Raleigh a center for the generation of ideas and inspired men of youth, vigor and hope to come into his administration. Sanford’s political career was (temporarily?) blocked by North Carolina’s one-term re- striction on governors; yet it is that restriction which gave him time to turn to thought, research and creative criticism of our governmental system.

Storm Over the States is an expres- sion of faith, for Terry Sanford believes firmly in the capacity of the states to be senior partners in our federal system. More than that, he believes it a necessity

if we are to realize the values of efficient government and effective citizen control. Sanford readily admits the failures of the states, but he also points proudly to their accomplishments and insists they “have done much,” with particular emphasis on their role in higher education. His cata- log of accomplishments may not quiet the most bitter critics of state govern- ments, but it should give them second thoughts. Sanford feels that much of the apathy toward and criticisms of state government are based less on rational analysis of state activity than on igno- rance of it, and he urges states to do a better public relations job,

The book is also an outline for action. Reform, in Sanford‘s view, must be federal, involving action at both the na- tional and state levels. Nationally, for example, the grant-in-aid programs should be restructured. State policy-makers should have greater responsibility for adapting national programs to their par- ticular needs. He endorses the proposal for a state credit against federal income taxes and supports tax-sharing, the latter on the condition that the states put their own fiscal houses in order and accom- plish other fiscal reforms.

Beyond the fiscal area lies the need for strengthening state governmental in- stitutions generally. Constitutional reform is basic, and the recommendations here are the traditional yet still vital ones. If heavy emphasis is placed on reform of the governorship in many states, it might not only be a matter of his experience but also of his being right. While he calls for legislative and judicial reform, Sanford believes that, “The governor, by his very office, embodies his state.” And few will quarrel with his assessment that “few major undertakings ever get off the ground without his support and leader- ship.”

54 NATIONAL CIVIC REVIEW [January

With grants from the Ford Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation, Terry Sanford has spent the years since he left the governorship directing the project A Study of American States, from which this book comes, at Duke University. That effort has generated other valuable ideas and institutions, the most prominent of which he has called the Institute of the States, described in this book (see also the REVIEW, December 1966, page 618). The idea behind this is to find a way for states cooperatively to “encourage each other to excellence.” An institute will have a short life, no more than two years, will be headed by an ex-governor and concentrate on one problem. The proto- type is in existence now in the Institute on State Programming for the 70s, headed by former Governor Jack M. Campbell of New Mexico.

This book has great significance not only because of what is said but because of who is saying it.

JOHN P. WHEELER, JR. Hollins College, Virginia

Additional Books and Pamphlets

(See also Reaearcher’s Digest and other department#)

The City

AESTRETICS AND ARCHITECTURAL CON- TROL. By Albert B. Martin. League of Kansas Municipalities, 112 West Seventh Street, Topeka 66603, 1967. 21 pp. Tables.

CITIES IN TOMORROW’S WORLD. 33rd Annual Convention Summary, Statement of Policy, Selected Speeches, Seattle, Washington, June 21-23,1967. Association of Washington Cities, in cooperation with the Bureau of Governmental Research and Services, University of Washington, Seattle 98105, September 1967. 56 pp. $2.00.

$2.00.

Civil Righis

A TIME To LISTEN . . . A TIME To ACT. Voices f rom the Ghettos of the Na- tion’s Cities. U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, 801 19th Street, N. W., Washing- ton, D. C. 20425, November 1967. vi, 133 PP.

Courts and Judiciury

THE COURTS O F JUSTICE. By Wilfrld J. Jenkins. Citizenship Library, A. Wheaton and Company, Exeter, Great Britain, 1967. 140 pages. Illus. (Apply Pergamon Press, 44-01 21st Street, Long Island City, New York 11101.)

TRIAL COURTS IN URBAN POLITICS. State Court Policy Impact and Functions in a Local Political System. By Kenneth M. Dolbeare. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York 10016, 1967. xvi, 133 pages. Tables.

Directories

DJRECTORY OF STATE, COUNTY AND FEDERAL OFFICIALS. Supplement to Guide to Gowernment in Hawaii. By Annette Y . Miyagi. Legislative Research Bureau, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822, July 1967. 83 pp. $1.00,

Employment

GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF NEIV CAREERS. By Sidney A. Fine. W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Re- search, 300 South Westnedge Avenue, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, 1967. 23 pp.

TREND OF PHILADELPHIA MUNICIPAL EMPLOYMENT. Permanent, Full-Time Em- bloyees Paid From the Operating Funds Subject to Annual Appropriation by the Council of the City of Philadelphia. Penn- sylvania Economy League (Eastern Di- vision), in association with the Bureau of Municipal Research, Liberty Trust Building, Broad and Arch Streets, Phila- delphia 19107, 1967. 16 pp. Tables. $5.00.