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STORAGE ARCHITECTURE/MASTER:
Where FC is Headed
Dragon Slayer ConsultingMarc Staimer, President & CDS [email protected] 20 September 2004
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 2
Dragon Slayer background
7 yrs sales
7 yrs sales mgt
10 yrs mktg & bus dev
• Storage & SANs
• 6 years consulting
Launched or participated
• 20 products
Paid Consulting• > 70 vendors
Unpaid Consulting• > 200 end users
Known Industry Expert• Speak ~ 5 events/yr
• Write ~ 3 trade articles/yr
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 3
AgendaConventional wisdom
FC health
Market stratification
Down-market = > simplicity & < cost
Up-market = > scalability & > storage services
The need for speed
Increasing intelligence
Summary
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 4
Conventional wisdom
FC SANs have a very high value proposition
• >500% ROI/year
Studies from: Merrill Lynch, DSC, McKinsey, KPMG
• Storage consolidation
AND FC SANs have a history of
• > Cost
• > Complexity
• > Specialized knowledge
• > Difficult problematic change management
• > Difficult problematic scalability
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 5
Market perception
FC SAN market growth has stalled
FC SAN pain has opened opportunity for GigE/iSCSI
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0/0
50% 50%
1 2
Does conventional wisdom match your perception?
1. Yes
2. No
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 7
FC health: Alive & wellContrary to reports of its demise
Fibre Channel market is growing rapidly• HBAs, switches, & arrays = > double digit growth
Unit CAGRs all > 40%
< Prices
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 8
FC market stratification
Market Product
HBA: High-end Servers Multi-port: > memory/logins/function
HBA: Mid-range Servers 1 or 2 ports: std
HBA: Volume Servers 1 port: < memory < logins < function
HBA: Blade Servers Multi-port: std
Switch: Enterprise Chassis (Previously known as Director):
up to 512 pts w/Personality Modules
Switch: Mid-tier 16-48 fixed ports
Switch: Embedded 8-20 fixed ports
Switch: Entry-level 8-12 fixed ports
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HBA port growth by server class
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
WW FC HBA Ports by Server Class
High-end Servers (>$250 K) Mid-range Servers ($25K to $250K)
Volume Servers (<$25K) Blade Servers
Source: IDC 2004
CAGR = 41.6%
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 10
HBA total revenue
Source: IDC 2004
WW FC HBA Revenue
$0.00
$200.00
$400.00
$600.00
$800.00
$1,000.00
$1,200.00
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(000,0
00)
Total HBA Revenue
CAGR = 6.8%
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 11
Data connotations
Prices are declining…on a steep curve• Partially from threat of iSCSI
• Partially from competition
• Mix of HBAs shifting to lower cost markets
Volume servers & embedded blade servers
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 12
Declining end user HBA ASP/portFC HBA End User ASP per Port by Segment
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008High-end Servers (>$250 K) Mid-range Servers ($25K to $250K)Volume Servers (<$25K) Blade Servers
Source: Dragon Slayer Consulting
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 13
0/0
50% 50%
1 2
Have you seen a significant drop in FC HBA prices?
1. Yes
2. No
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 14
FC switch polarization
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
(000)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
WW FC Switch Ports by Segment
Chassis Switches 16 to 32 port switches 8 to 12 port switches Blade Server embedded switches
CAGR = 40.8%
Source: IDC 2004
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 15
Declining FC switch pricing
$0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500
($M)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
WW FC Switch Factory Revenue by Segment
Chassis Switches 16 to 32 port switches 8 to 12 port switches Blade Server embedded switches
CAGR = 16.6%
Source: IDC 2004
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 16
Switch data connotations
Prices are declining…on a steep curve• Market polarization
Low end: entry level & embedded
High end: chassis switching
• Top end & bottom line maintained
By software value add
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 17
Declining end user switch ASP/port
FC Switch End User ASP per Port by Segment
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Chassis Switches 16 to 32 port switches8 to 12 port switches Blade Server embedded switches
Source: Dragon Slayer Consulting
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 18
0/0
50% 50%
1 2
Have you seen a significant drop in FC switch prices?
1. Yes
2. No
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 19
Perception versus current reality
High complexity?
Specialized knowledge?
Difficult problematic change mgt pain?
Difficult problematic scalability pain?
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Complexity
History = High
Current = Very low
• Wizards for
Setup
Zoning
Management
Diagnostics
Troubleshooting
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 21
FC complexity conclusion
Configuration & mgt intuitive
Limited specialized knowledge req’ts
Not as significant of an issue
• Depends of the vendor
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 22
Change managementdifficult & problematic?
Historically: yes
• Lot of coordination
Servers, storage, SAN, cables & facilities
• Re-architecting
Switch ports have to be reallocated for ISLs
Zones, cabling, and LUN masking must be redone
• Followed up with shakedown & troubleshooting
Sometimes requiring back out of the change
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 23
Change mgtrequirements?
Market requirements include
• Automation
• Negative impact minimization
• Audit trail
• Change simulation, planning, & validation
• Correlation of LUN maps, zones, pathing policies
• Work plans for all of the departments involved
• Simple, “brain dead” trouble shooting
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 24
Newly available auto change mgt SW
Plan changes
Predicts impact
Implements change
Validates change
Logs change history
Correlates
• Storage & SAN changes
• LUNs
• Zones
• Pathing Policies
Vendors include
• Onaro
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 25
FC change mgt conclusion
Automated software is available
• It eliminates change management pain
Change mgt doesn’t have to be:
• Problematic nor difficult I will use auto change mgt SWI will use auto change mgt SWI will use auto change mgt SWI will use auto change mgt SWI will use auto change mgt SW
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 26
FC SAN scalability:Difficult & problematic?
Historically a definitive yes:
• Fabric disruption propagation
• Large fabrics increase latency More intra-fabric switch ASIC hops
• Databases bloat
• QoS has been nominal
• Change mgt problems exacerbate as fabrics grow
• Troubleshooting can take a very long time
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 27
Fabric disruption propagationFabric disruptions anywhere…
• …propagate throughout the fabric everywhere
• RSCNs Zone changes, add switches or HBAs
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 28
Traditional approaches have led to Urban sprawl, a.k.a SAN Islands
IT is dynamic
• Most organizations do not plan well
Minimizes disruption effects of change
• Doesn’t eliminate disruptions
This becomes…
…this
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 29
Issues with SAN Islands
Limits SAN benefits
• Storage consolidation limited by island
• Management touches expand
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 30
Large fabrics = > Inter-switch ASIC hops
Hop number affects latency
• Latency is cumulative
• Affects end user response times
Users demand predictability
• Mesh and/or SAN islands = unpredictable Locality = predictability again
• Core-edge = predictable
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 31
SAN database bloatAs fabrics get larger
• FSPF databases get larger…and slower
• Name services get larger…and slower
• SAN performance degrades
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 32
Lack of effective QoS
Reduced application throughput• Manual SAN tuning
• Very difficult for larger SANs
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 33
Manual change mgt = > $OpEx
Larger SANs mean
• > complexity
• > % for human error
• > time troubleshooting
• < less uptime
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 34
Lengthy troubleshooting
Increases $OpEx
• Reduces SAN flexibility, growth & changes
• Increased application downtime
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 35
0/0
20% 20% 20%
10% 10% 10% 10%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Which is your worst SAN scaling pain?
1. Fabric disruptions
2. Large fabric latency
3. Database bloat
4. QoS
5. Change management
6. Storage, SANs, policies correlation
7. Troubleshooting
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 36
SAN scaling pain is being eliminated
HBA RSCN switch suppression
Automated change mgt software
SAN Masking-a.k.a. SAN routing
Chassis switch segmentation
Switch-based QoS
SAM
Troubleshooting tools
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 37
HBA RSCN switch suppressionStops unimportant HBA RSCN disruptions
• From disrupting other HBAs
• Significantly < zoning requirements
Vendors include
• QLogic
• McDATARSCNRSCN
RSCNRSCNRSCNRSCN
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 38
SAN routing, a.k.a. SAN masking Analogous to LUN masking
Routes specific data
• Between SAN islands
• Visibility between specific WWNs
Eliminates disruptions
• Between SAN islands
Increases SAN scalability
• > switches from 239 to 57,121
Simplifies management
• Both ongoing & change mgt.
• Heterogeneous SANs
• Address translation (domain & WWN)
• Eliminates ATL forced fabric merges
• Increases availabilitySAN Fabric C
SAN Fabric BSAN Fabric A
VSA
N 2
VS
AN
1
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 39
SAN routing/masking continuedWorks over FC
• And IP networks
• iFCP and FCIP
Vendors include
• McDATA
Eclipse SAN Router
• Cisco
MDS:VSAN Routing
• Brocade
Multiprotocol Router
• LightSand
8100 SAN Fabric C
SAN Fabric BSAN Fabric A
VSA
N 2
VS
AN
1
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 40
SAN segmentation, a.k.a. Planned communities
Analogous to large storage controller
• Start large & subdivide
One physical fabric
• Many logical ones
Vendors include
• Cisco
MDS:VSANs
• McDATA
I10K: Dynamic Partitioning
• CNT
UMD: Logical Domains
• MaXXan
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 41
New concept:Zero/low cost ISLs
Virtual ISLs
• Connects multiple switch domains across backplane
Cisco, CNT, McDATA, MaXXan
Stackable ISLs
• Utilizes 10Gbps copper ISLs to stack switches
QLogic
Zero/low cost ISLs eliminate
• Recabling & wasted user ports
10GigISLs
2Gigports
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 42
Quality of Service (QoS)SAN throughput allocation
Based on IT priorities
Policy based
Recognizes App performance
• Requirements differ
• OLTP > than data migration, etc.
Vendors include
• Cisco: MDS Intra-switch
• CNT UMD
• McDATA I10K(Q4 04)
QoS
OLTP 100MB/s
Migration 25MB/s
Warehouse 35MB/s
Email 30MB/s
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 43
System Area Management (SAM)
SRM + SAN mgt
• Storage Provisioning
• Block & File
• Heterogeneous
• Policy based mgt
• Policy enforcement tools
• One look & feel
App performance mgt
Optimizes ecosystem
Vendors include• EMC
• Softek
• AppIQ
• HP
• IBM
• Creekpath
• VERITAS
• Storability
• TekTools
• CA
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 44
Easier troubleshooting tools
Simplified
• Problem isolation
• Problem resolution
• Performance issues
Vendors include
• Cisco
SPAN, rSPAN
• McDATA
SANavigator
• CNT
Performance VSN
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 45
How big can SANs grow?Switches
• Currently up to 256 ports
Up to 1024 2H 2004
Fabrics
• Traditional
239 switches
• 239 x 256 = > 61K ports
• Theoretical (new technologies)
239 switch domains
239 switches/domain
256 ports/switch
= > 14M ports
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 46
FC scalability conclusion
Infinitely easier
Multiple solutions
High flexibility
FC SAN scaling no longer has to be:
• Problematic or difficult
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 47
FC speed prognostications4Gbps = Yes• Compatible with 1 & 2Gbps
Optics = slightly >
• ~ same ASP as 2Gbps is today
• Initial products Q4 04 Market migration=2H 05
8Gbps = Yes• Compatible with 2 & 4Gbps
Optics = slightly >
• ~ same ASP as 2Gbps is today
• Initial products Q4 07 Market migration=2H 08
10Gbps = Partially Yes
• 64b/66b encoding
• Primarily ISL
• Not backwards compatible
Optics = Much >
• Available today
4 vendors by Q4 04
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 48
Other FC prognostications
Intelligence creep
• Into FC switches
• Into FC HBAs
• Into FC servers
• Into FC appliances
Market jury still out
• Evolving market
9/20/3004 Where FC is Headed 49
Conclusion
FC SAN value props are well documented
Value increases as:
• Costs decrease significantly
• Pain is decreased or eliminated
FC is the key SAN technology
• For the foreseeable future
