Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PAKISTAN’S WATER SECTOR ARCHITECTURE
17.2 M Hectares
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
Punjab Sindh KhyberPakhtunkhwa
Balochistan
Spur
s (n
umbe
r)
Leve
es (
km)
Levees Spurs
LENGTH OF LEVEES AND NUMBER OF SPURS BY PROVINCE IN PAKISTAN
CHALLENGES
Source: Ali, 2013
Sedimentation
Breaches upstream of barrages
Increased frequency of floods
Outdated flood infrastructure
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Ave
rage
leng
th o
f re
cord
(ye
ars)
Cum
ulat
ive
no. o
f st
atio
ns
Cumulative number of stationsAverage length of record Source: WAPDA Unpublished Data.
FEDERALLY OPERATED REGULAR FLOW GAUGING STATIONS IN THE UPPER INDUS BASIN AND AVERAGE PERIOD OF RECORD
Rudimentary and non-standardized infrastructure for managing data
Lack of accurate data monitoring
Limited active hydrological monitoring outside the Indus Basin
Limited operational monitoring of groundwater
Uncertainty in hydrological monitoring andlack of trust among the provincialgovernments in flow measurements
Lack of integration with non-structrual flood management measures
54321
INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM (IBIS)
Sedimentation has decreased capacity by 1 % per year to:
Tarbela 12
7.3
0.87
Mangla
Chashma 15 BCMOriginal combined live storage capacity was: 19.4 BCMLIVE STORAGE CAPACITY OF MAJOR DAMS (BCM)
Reservoirs are vital for hydropower generation. Hydropower accounts for:
of national electricitygeneration.35%
Tarbela 3.5 GW
1.5 GW
1.0 GW
Ghazi Barotha
Mangla
HYDROPOWER GENERATION (GW)
IBIS serves
Regulated through
ADDITIONAL STORAGE WILL:
ADDITIONAL STORAGE WILLNOT:
Improve reliability of rabi supplyManage the increasing variability in flowProvide sediment trap for Tarbela DamGenerate valuable hydro-power
Improve water productivityFix wastageFully mitigate climate change impacts Remove the long-term challenge of sediment
STORAGE AND HYDROPOWER
FLOOD PROTECTIONCHALLENGES
44 1202021603Canal
CommandsInter-riverLink Canals
Headworks
SiphonsBarragesMajor reservoirs
The level of storage required in a water supply system depends on the variability of inflows, the temporal pattern of demand, and the economically acceptable level of variation in meeting these demands. Reservoir storage capacity alone does not address Pakistan’s lack of water security.
(*Gigawatt)
INFRASTRUCTURE
INADEQUATE SEWERAGE OR WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPACITY OF PAKISTAN’S MAJOR CITIES
Quetta PeshawarKarachi
Lahore100 km of sewers cover a small fraction of the city
1 dysfunctionalwastewater treatment plant
None of the 3 wastewatertreatment plants are functional
14 major sewerage drains
2.4 M m3 untreatedsewerage goes into the Ravi River daily
0 wastewater treatment plants
1.8 M m3 sewerage generated daily
2 out of 3 wastewater treatment plants are functional
1.6 M m3 untreateddischarge goes into Arabian Sea daily
Water supply and sanitation infrastructureis weak across provinces.
Inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure
Inadequate public supply infrastructure
Low piped network coverage for sewerage and supply
Aging pipe networks
Dysfunctional pumping stations
RECOMMENDED INVESTMENTS IN PRIORITY ACTION AREAS, COMMITMENTS,AND EXPENDITURES BY PAKISTAN’S WATER SECTOR TASK FORCE, 2013–17 (US$ MILLIONS)
FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT WATER SECTOR FUNDING ALLOCATIONS AND PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL FEDERAL BUDGET (2010-17) (PKR BILLIONS)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2010
2011
2012
*20
1320
1420
1520
1620
17
Share of federal budget (%) Federal allocations
Provincial allocations Source: Report by Friends of Democratic Pakistan (FoDP), 2012
Major infrastructure and associated institutions
Raising agricultural productivity
Living better with floods
Recommended Investment
Actual Commitment
Actual Expenditure
Sustainable urban services
Knowledge management
26,55612,650
4,4111,920
1,406338
2,229
114
1,120
3,134
16461
1,047
1,198
269
FINANCING
This series of infographics is developed by LEAD Pakistan based on World Bank Group’s report Pakistan: Getting More from Water (Young et al. 2019).
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Institutional responsibilities for water resource management are poorly delineated between national and provincial levels.
Inadequate availability of water related data.
Extend trans-boundary water management arrangements beyond the Indus Basin.
National and provincial legal frameworks need strengthening.
Provincial policy frameworks are partial, fragmented or non-existent.
Policy frameworks for urban water services are unclear and not aligned with relevant legislation.
1
2
3
4
5
6
WATER GOVERNANCE