Stone Tool Technologies Stone Tool Technologies South Puget SoundSouth Puget Sound““Arrowheads, Dart Points, and Knives, Oh My!” Arrowheads, Dart Points, and Knives, Oh My!”

Scott Williams, WSDOTScott Williams, WSDOTState Capital Museum Lecture SeriesState Capital Museum Lecture Series

January, 2011January, 2011

Source: http://courses.washington.edu/uwtoce06/index.html

Source: Suttles and Lane, 1990

Morphology of Projectile Point Types Body Shape (the main outline), Blade Edge Outline, Shoulder Type, and Base Type

Paleoindian Period13,000-11,000 BP

Kitsap County Clovis

Thrusting spears are the primary hunting tool

For a period of about 8,000 years there is little change in the archaeological record of stone tools

There is some regional and possible time variations, but they are still poorly understood

The atlatl is the primary hunting weapon in this period

Hartstene

The Mud Bay Site and some of the projectile points found there.

QW-CQW-C

QW-DQW-D

QW-FQW-F

Continuum of point use and rejuvenation

BODY SHAPE BLADE EDGE SHOULDER TYPE STEM TYPE TYPETYPE

Short IsoscelesTriangle

Excurvate orStraight orIncurvate

Not ApplicableStemless “Flat” to Convex to

Concave Base

HI-BHI-BN=22

or or ==++ ++

Examples:

oror

BODY SHAPE BLADE EDGE SHOULDER TYPE STEM TYPE TYPETYPE

LongIsoscelesTriangle

Straight orExcurvate Tapered Contracting HI-CHI-C

N=15

or++ ++++==

Examples:

BODY SHAPE BLADE EDGE SHOULDER TYPE STEM TYPE TYPETYPE

ScaleneTriangle

Excurvate orStraight orIncurvate

Not Applicable Stemless Slope Base

HI-DHI-DN=15

or or++ ++ ==

Examples:

BODY SHAPE BLADE EDGE SHOULDER TYPE STEM TYPE TYPETYPE

StraightSided

Lanceolate

Excurvate Not Applicable StemlessFlat or

Convex BaseHI-EHI-EN= 6

++ ++==

Examples:

or

BODY SHAPE BLADE EDGE SHOULDER TYPE STEM TYPE TYPETYPE

Asymetrical,“Canine,”

“Shark Fin”

Excurvate AndIncurvate, or

Excurvate AndStraight

Rounded orTapered

Contracting HI-HHI-HN= 9(Knife?)

&

or

&

or

++

++

++

==

Examples:

Cladogram derived from Puget Sound site projectile point types creating a phylogenesis tree of Coast Salish site temporal sequencing for approximately 4,000 years (based on PAUP* software (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods) (Swofford 1998)).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60P

erce

nta

ge

S664A (=HI-B & D) S664B (=HI-L & O) S664C (=HI-F)

Duw amish Hartstene

Duwamish No. 1 site and Hartstene Island Site major projectile type percentages—note the very close percentage ratios.

triangular “drill”-like types triangular “drill”-like types small triangular small triangular point typespoint types

lanceolate point typeslanceolate point types

3

23

95

29

58

24

6

16

19

35

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%P

erce

nta

ge

Qw u?gw es Harstene Duw amish West Pt. Marymoor

Basalt Other

Comparison of raw material types at four south Sound sites

Qwu?gwes Projectile Point Types Defined

Hartstene Projectile Point Types Defined

Drew Crooks and the Capital MuseumDale Croes, SPSCCRhonda Foster and Larry Ross, SIT CRDRalph and Karen MunroAlan Spencer, NRCSJeff Flenniken, Lithic AnalystsWashington Department of Archaeology and

Historic Preservation