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Components of a Host

Module 2.1

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Components of a Host

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: List the hardware and software components of a host

Describe key protocols and concepts used by each

component

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Examples of Hosts

LaptopServer

Group of Servers

Mainframe

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Physical Components of a Host

Bus

I/O Devices

CPU Storage

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CPU

CPU

Bus

BusALU

Registers

L1 Cache

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Storage

0

1

23

n

Data 0

Data n

Data 2Data 3

Data 1

Address Content

Disk

Memory

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Storage Hierarchy Speed and Cost

Speed

Slow

Fast

Cost

HighLow

TapeOptical

disk

Magnetic

diskRAM

L2 cacheL1 cache

CPU registers

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I/O Devices

Human interfaceKeyboard

Mouse

Monitor

Computer-computer interfaceNetwork Interface Card (NIC)

Computer-peripheral interface

USB (Universal Serial Bus) port

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

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HBAs

Host

Apps

Volume Management

DBMS Mgmt Utilities

File System

Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers

HBA HBA HBA

Operating System

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Logical Components of a Host

Host

Apps

Volume Management

DBMS Mgmt Utilities

File System

Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers

HBA HBA HBA

Operating System

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Host

Apps

Volume Management

DBMS Mgmt Utilities

File System

Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers

HBA HBA HBA

Operating System

File Systems

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File System: Metadata Examples

UNIX (UFS)

File type and permissions

Number of links

Owner and group IDs

Number of bytes in the file

Last file access

Last file modification

Windows (NTFS)

Time stamp and link count

File name

Access rights

File data

Index information

Volume information

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File Systems: J ournaling and Logging

Improves data integrity and system restart time over non-

journaling file systems

Uses a separate area called a log or journal

May hold all data to be written

May hold only metadata

Disadvantage - slower than other file systems

Each file system update requires at least 1 extra write to the log

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Volume Management

Host

Apps

Volume Management

DBMS Mgmt Utilities

File System

Multi-pathing Software

Device Drivers

HBA HBA HBA

Operating System

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How Files are Moved to and from Storage

Teacher

Configures /

Manages

File System Files

Mapped by

file system to

Course File(s)

Reside

in

File System Blocks

Disk PhysicalExtents

Consistingof

LVM LogicalExtents

Residingin

Mapped byLVM to

Disk Sectors

Managed by

Disk Storage

Subsystem

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Module Summary

Key points covered in this module:

Hosts typically have:

Hardware: CPU, memory, buses, disks, ports, and interfaces

Software: applications, operating systems, file systems, device

drivers, volume managers

Journaling enables:

very fast file system checks in the event of system crash

provides better integrity for file system structure

HBAs are used to connect hosts to storage devices

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Check Your Knowledge

What are some examples of hosts?

Describe the hardware components found in most hosts.

What is the function of the operating system?

What is the function of the file system?

What is volume management?