Steven Wall - Radical Democracy Personal Freedom

8/7/2019 Steven Wall - Radical Democracy Personal Freedom

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RADA DEMRA ERNA FREEM ADTE TRAFORMATE OENTA OF OT

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I r yes, os o dc demacy ave z e ast mode o ocs a moe whc vies e oc om my as a spce or bgnng e gon o nddul precs. We conceg some mese o bgng d re aggegon s oaby a nemabe o dem ocadc dema ve cgd hs mode undemae or gnos e nsomtve e o demc oc eco aca e sm o o o oy


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WAL

a no o ge boged down n nerpeve dspues abou how claify s or at wier. is sp my emak ee ar spula ve J wa o deiy a bad by o poica ugh a dpacpao dema k jamn Bbr ad le Paean mod e epbcan wrie sc as Cs Ssen and Frak Mmaad cca s ke Jen Habema and a nabb2 \ie we obvoly ave df objecv in d hey sa aconce t me beal soees ndeae dmat pcapapaon ad a lba puals eo maarzs aeo is easn, w reer o ers as adca dema ow ee ke me e iv bardon3 wre ave made ace w my Te do no cciz i r e a m pde idals. Isad y sko alae a cocepo o dec C appopriae aecompex prasic ee One conence o s is a radademas oen ave boader concepon o ics han mny cicubcn do ey e e doman o pocs s dng o uoma pola suos pamn ad hals bu aomal pbc spaces n C SOCy-a po I sha come bac oae i ey

Radcal demas, en, ca be dinusd rom bo la plals ad Iy civc epublca we adca demracy reman abad seeng dise cren o oug Foaey op p, s no cu og s ds Zd

aemp o ideniy co or ce o s body of poal ouge a or s smpy a ae a avey cucribed obcive n mnd neresed i adica demay onlysoar as peens and deends a dincve ie o persna om,

B Smx r: Pai N (Bre:nveiy of ifoma 13); Pa n nd T(Cab: Cbigc Uvers P 970); Fank M, up Co,95 Tem - Furward: ']rloS-n,H 4" CISue, B bl Rv." J/7 {}: 15 ge Fes o


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RDIAL DERAY '7

one that contras wh lal ' mon ave, s vw of l fom sta alit boadly and vagel, as heclam t s a gh c on tw om andpolica fgoveet.

Satd bdy howevr he radcal demac v is hol. To make any headwa a all, we mt idf mo psey hedea(s) exp i he clai a te s a ght coon bewensona fom ad poca e-govmn W hs n mind v eal diet pb nd o dsngisd For example, tan

nd ha agu tha poca govemen a consient eemen of peona dom Rosau famosl held at ple an b

only ofar a e ie in a poca comny n whh heyppOe in e p of sef-le d lta omty gove by a general wlP Such a iew mk polcal gomena e condiion o a om ngently some havearued that a nca condition o bg f is tha one pay meace roe e lgovemen of one poca commnity hs sngen viw, ther no urr qunt tha o's poicacomnity be goved by a geneal w or tha one ahorize oflcal we

I conast o th wo vews, t is me clam ha ltica-govemen insment o na om hs mght efo one of o asos irst i arg tha acie pacpaon i lical f-goveent lps ple deop capiti ad

kis hch theve ar iega pa m. his viewwhe paicpaton cal l-rue is no scy aking a a condon he deeopmen o h capac, an mntmean o the developmen Withot parcpang n poitcal lfgoen man ll i develop e cap nd sk ne"a1 prnal fom ond t me a ha papao npoical lfgovt is itueally valable a fomn e ha he fon is an impotMt a the ae Gvnhe world n whch we lve, h V hold we a to pve oubr w mu veing nd w m acvly pOtcp n

mt t, gen ts mtaon of , this y d0 nt pu

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ng ltca cmmui, fr ly by dng ca w p edom fom ta rea bth a hm d aad?

Tu dendng hw t phr "a g co' cot.he a lat r dff tta f the cam h he agh c wee ro frdm ad ca lgovmnthee OU teta a mm ew

(A) I d t a pen m i ltca cmmny iwhch he atat p itca r ad head h few c dnify wth the athiao potca powe i that tc cmmt

(B) d t e a mt a a mmuni iwhch he patcat e o itica - b i i sry ha h ad h ew ct dfy whth athizai lca pw tha tc cmmity

Pati p pla - mayaable era dm a hlp oe decaacii ad k negra ro rdm

cpat e f ica ere eyaa al m ca t mra mear fegadng a fdm m a h a hmad arad

T ey w tr f the clam Wh aimat e d cay r a dat frm eraalt hy With cJty bea pxa ca ccde h ccmc a ch ht wdead patipa the ly he m ece way pe ty the ght gmen if hey ae dm Accdgy he dpt \he r al ad h o 0 t iy dd a a thtca dagm a he atr f dm dlgt Rat t e ne a a gca dpe whe d hw n wdad lc paticpat a pe dm

, Fr on d df! vw Q Skr Idea o Neatv Phloph.1 HKal PvM- h H, Rkhud j hnd Qe Sr mbge; Cambde Uey Pss19

mc cded mt pr emry t o cli(D) n S m. p wt aw hi wr ra u endg of nl rdm i dt w al w nradg pnJ a bs pt guddso Cre Tor' i hs 5 hi A8 (bg, V n 1'

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RADICAL DEMORACY

cont c A B d d w nmortt hotcl clng o purm tecag tt wat vg of th m tu lb plurt o grp o undmtd cnc o potc -gom r pro om

DIL EMES

I w du c r ho tng wh th ngr d 8 nd th ug t C Ft ow 1 nd o om o trc bckgund o h rdc d tc w

wd t d on, 1 d nd du wo ponhems d de p tug Te o ems I wc lsetranformaion hug pocl dscuon d cvc omy. By dg t o hm om dt w c com o w n dc dr tpd to mbrc on o

o clm dngud bo bc d bd t r th n du xpn cord

ng to dc dmor poc no p c w w comtogt to dnc ou p-otc nrt d d t o pcw wubjt ou undrndng o ou eed d to roncn T u coquc o ogc o potc dcon pol c on o p ou w nd ru our n bu t p o xpro d o h w nd

nt c cg d n W cn dor t our r k o tht w do ot u gp o wh ou bt nr h w, ou udrdg o who w r nd ohrpl' undrdng o wo w r ; nd mo

ot t ot dcl dmr w cod, noo wb or h b9

cond tm ot o xp n mp grdm Cc utonom r to o ontutd or o omt ult wn cn coJtl dn wt t utoon ot pow T on o o n w t w cmnt o ron cou on pocl

quo conu md obl w mn nd wom comogt o db bout nd d th coo gd o th SO

mpotn wn uc connu c, p ud o b w t dod o th o, conu npoc lub nd prng But t cou mut b o

o to b wo o pct ccodng d dmocr wo o

Q For di5Son Mlmn, Sup Cort"; Ca nsti dPlcs, hy n u o. ( B, CrqM n33


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csss pt gt st th cm tht ll prss shd b lwd prtcpte f es wth s e f the c .ly t wa it s hd, n w su th v odswll be lked d ht 's tes w b f hef f the cSO A rol smp acss h hs ehed wh l h wd t pcpe d cdts

m dl dm emv ar qc t ss weeachevg ratoa cs pltc qs s t g td mde pstc sce f s w te l w el c tm, mght be t ccld t t tp de B ee ecd w z c m Ub rch gmt h bsce w cc gt b led d wh cgs gt ped ce mgh nvheles cme gee onh pppte pds f setg h ds Th mg cmt she cmt ht ca ds- pedswl pcpt hm f 1c lgim te tctt w fom hm ths cse, dspt dsgm tsbsc pl, c wd ed t ge tt the Jws ht bdhe lgm d f Th wd m c d wh he th pc pw s L s cl - vi Quy dtgs t m te fsde c tm th s ld wh l pcl cs bt

Hag w thd h hhmes wch g dfe tep d dt mps b dt dcdmc thkesw c w q t w th mgh t dcl dc f dm d e-gvm w swes ml sggt mls h t hds t e sesfrm t cs thg plc dscss s tgcmpt fm e d t e hemt cc tm s tgl s dm be csttv elm pel fdm s g cmm wh c d wth ws bd (s e c pc cmmt t les cc m) h w sws cct h wdc dmcc thm t he ve f ps dm h xpwh dc demt peg e dm plcs d s thv pcl pcpt I st swe s gh, te l b

10 Ompe}en HaMral C5n Ac (Cabd, MA: M Ps ; Bnbb, Ce. N W; Se HByo Reub v"

e det un f wt 't ar on dem r hv see t n e way, b I ve e

1 T qalit t a qu ie gt wt ndcel rva iso"m I q i a o tht ow o pipt

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RADICAL DEMORACY

papatg n po got an ad womn ego taforaon t make dom geuy be e ondaw g en ony by papag n pota goenan men and womn ome to denfy wt e autoza of tapowe te ce Ee way, te a g oon wenonal fdom and poal lfgoeen

old not ape note to awe pode jufaoygound focim (A) and (8) eca a am ead a olow:

() I od t e fa n m e a lt ommunty w e patcpa p o pltal -ue and e

and fellow en dentfy wt te autozaton of poltca poWT in poltka commuty.

(8 In ode to fee a pn mu e a lta ommun w e patpa p o poa -le, bu not ao nsy a e and h eow tz denty we auozaton o po poe n ta poa ount

ope mu patpate n potal lfgoemen oe o dentywt te auozaon of pa pwe n e ny, and tnd o dfaon nay to perU dom ( trueLew ey mut pape n polal goemn n ode todergo he pe of aton tat a nsy to onal

dom te te Tu, e o nwe ugged aoe expanow la ( and () oud te ntegly, ome ada dema ap bot of we,

beeg em to be o Tey t e dea ta lt a aoe dm ep ow uonomy bePpe ome to poC w dffent e and ntg r, buttoug polal don te ew and nteet cange ad ange t eae fo tm o rc agmen on poa qetono at leat on te t predu fo olng tem Howe, no ny oeon bewn wo awe w l la pe ta te anoaon o e ad ne bugt aoutby pola don gt mpde ae fa te amnt of c auonomy

REAlZNC VI UONOMY T ODN WOLD

t ( and ) art a ay oeon twn ona dom and papaton demrat po But () te onge o ewo lam We oud at en y ang wee er a godean o tng t e noed boe, te dea ta ode o o mst lv poc commt ze cc


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omy gan uppor rom ogh ha vg n a ltica commuyn whc o dny w h laS ha bd on a conuv of peon fdom hog, of co w Ro5a's;and xp a powl dl3

B wl h l dob a h dal npng dob avon bn vcd abo wr acvabl pacc parclalyn complx drnad plu . f no acvab pcc, n cao rv a a vald gud or cal acon dawod opan n oav Gv radca dmawo acc cam ) ba y accp da a nd no o m xpanao o how h da cod b vd (or a aow old com or bng cd) nd m condon

I con 1 wl xm and ccz wo uh xpna hmm hav ofd by r


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RDCL EC 3uon. St, v concdig h pon, to nqu io howpoc do po to wok its g on te gh ondto a ab A y fng n th o utv quonw cn come o judgmt aut pau of ualztostg.

vazao tagy g b fom te d t n c gmt oe mu p s o o vw tha the to he pb g o o comt Spy ng thaom poy woud on' o omy ot pa s o l o ppa ha cannt ndn pc-egg guage. Ad lss otc achv

mnt of a ton consu n not mpa da!), h t con d g c sess ese Ndgh th a g so o n h ont uto awk on Ev t e l orce, pacpn n c dcson oud ot mov muh co t cvng a aon coeuon c quon e ao o h no hd My-ng poc pp c exps pubc-gg gag Pcpa ca mv e "dpng t o potcget y epckgg th es te lgge o coog16 To , th my m popoa wch t cocpy b o pckg u ll cont npobb a v ut o fg poca pp Wehe py g a o n t h uvato at

eg wll ot uccdBt peps mo ca fort han av raUowd hp s er o express ses ets ngge o he puc gha hv ssung oy undt te n oepsg tca vw ad peec pubc-rg lngey ey sog ocetl contant n tca duo

How g th ? p o nt I hv b fng daof pbcgadg agg a we se1fxp)o th s nothe c a I fac, d s qute ve It no vo what coa a pu g o pc a; d t ot t otobos w ound o pcgadng duon hvgun h to und h nvn atgy hog ts m hvapt to a dpo o pbc

gdg gg no eogh, y ag o n o appo soe pc v od o h v to con pbcgdnpoca do p oe Sple a ha Te dmand ht

'" Cod exmp. owe f a omt y gh v f p O\s l egQ wud k!} n5 hi ri H rui o Ii i pubi ee cd "epak vw y ppei pu\ j from eign oton.

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A

pe exps polcal vews at ae unvelzable1 B Hniveazabe thse teos hve a fary sfc de n md Univeabity means a mus jus er polii views b appelgo rens that are pesuasve a or could be accepted b a Iote words pacp polcal dscuon must r to look atings om thr o and ote' pot o iew at once n orde todcover cto-gdg pncpes whh can be accepted om a pino ve,M

t not had o e tha ths requeme s sronge an he quemen o expsing vews lguage that ers to pbc vaunde s snge equmt i wold b a cker tas to alor

ones concepion o pub g t oes pvae inte u whehe quiement o nebt prvdes a wa o gvng moe be to "te disipning e' o pubic dscusson it nto evealprobes.

Ft and m ipoan e no g son o thn thapatiipaion i oical don will in ct movate ope ccep e nveJibi uee Polical din ma promo we thinig ma ee ndue eople exps er viewsn pubicgrdg angage but ad o how coud eadem o accept moal de e unersaizabiit. Indd te equemen o unvesabiit wll lkel expeencd as a or overldd b man p o peple eos hm t sep bkom he partcuar beies and vau and ek oucome tha acoud acept u ev suppong ha we could arve at oucomestat al coud accept we al step bck man wll no have themovaon to do so Te wl no want o step bac m thr commtments perhs viewng ths as a o o aa9 tis rghten we ao expe lc dsssion to move al pacpa toaccept the ueent o iveazbi

mg t, Jha o. "Oo c m, htGoPiy A Ha p Petit (d; 81cwe 9 Dalue ve C Toy of v cy n ib.Sia,n8 1M I N Yok Rege, 19).

I' Make of wht st f e7an ; J Make Ehc: rK R H 1 93

I. a ntu xtK f wa M a b fpa5Ee [ns) mitt mprtl, t qti m ly md f mem of a li mn is no, ht wUd odul ud nizn ond f !h Ad r? S hwd da w d a w w u o in t

Michae War, ]K w or: &s 1). e s GrgW Cmav Rnl ad Culul Val TMCmg m Wie, we Wake crital br ew o thi issue

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Scd he eqeme f vezby p me hhere ex en whch ccbe d rm wchn pii pii ud b dd d jued Hw ae n e e h d he c May pccve cat b rv by ppng v r e cd ccep e dgrmet the ee deepPerhp e me h w cnge me p cm ccep heme vue I we hpp he emgg ce cpedwth gera dherec he veraby eemet mght weyed n cn B we m ebh h emerggce bere we c rey he vezbty rqem thep chee c kg thewe h pthe c be e h

e qmt vezaby he c cvey hep he ven egy We mt ccde h gyct pvde pbe epn hw he Rn dewhch d hd d f cm (A-cd b chved derme cd.

t t he t he ecd tegy mened he bgg h ec he med tteg me dc demr cce h v nd de c be yheed t pbcegdg n gge h c cept ey ccede th ch mt keey e deep dgem h dvde pepe me eeNeveeess ey m we s t ve 'p nnSS. ce c be bec pc ds pvde pwe men r medg d vermg dgm e w h p he dem "cmmmt t vem mn bee te pb meg ee pprh pr deret ccep he pbc gd TOgh dc addge21

c c tegy m prvde a ccut hw medn ppe wrk We ee be d ecy wh hppe h cfcg vew g m g b mtr my hep dgh dedg mdAccrg t he f deg he be f me dety hch vew e ebe d th pvde mhm bywhh pc dcn cd ed pe wrn h U

der th term he me egy cy ed t r perhp dec wh he ver regy d he n d td fe Accdg cnd dedng med e

Hba cdz vk bca w hi ; i Bu h y u s H wl r sm p my t bl h e b, pl m . lvg

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to a pre ha ivolve empahy d muual adjtmt Whe vewge mediatd, o d o eme a or; ahe ade of ohvw come o dead one aote' view ad mke onceo

C medao ded aog t l exa how cvc auoomy cod e aheved? The radca demaic tratue i pety kecyo t pi. t i reetly camd ta patcipato i pitcal dcio a caive that teace ppe te ve of compromie. I o dog, it frter cam ma t pibe r ieo each aget o mo ie2 Howee i o alway cea watargue ae uppe to p he ato To a te medao aegy t we d o gage me o nton

two baic agmet that ave oe> pt of e

medato aegy e i ht a o ly deveopd he oowg page om P:

[A]cua pcao i tca ao, deliao and cctmay make u awa o ou or emote ad drt coctowih oher the og-rage ad lgeae gfcace of wha wewat ad ar dOg24

The mpt dea i t paage hat o wo hod detptca viw may everthel hve haed ie of which they hveot yet eome ly awa atiaio i poitcal dio pdea avee fo he dove o h commo coce

Code the followg ario Two pati A ad 8, ave deetvew abo poicaJ moaly Sppoe ow ha they ha ut do noUy eaize a he ha, a co te tha comelg for botho h Fhe ppe that paiao potca dcio woldmake t mor likely th hey wod come o udetd ha ey aei teet I way pacpao poltica dio wold pp y A ad 8 wh a move o mak mua coco a t romoteei como te ad i mgt help them ach agme o awde age o plcl qto

od am pt o he o ty ethey Ca e, amog oh "A ppal uto o a dacyem, he wt " o e tha thugh rpetatve or pacpato p, ew or meg voc, o ove depcio o whee

e e ad what they act a head ad ndet25 ehe ag ta t ew voc ad meged e wll have a

For fun di o h dtdg o mdo yla 8habib's ds Ui o Adt "Jdgm a Mrl d Po i H ATgh, i Bbb, jj Slf

o xmp\ Se, Bd b Rl. 11. k, J: elg l, " d oti, 17


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RADCAL DEMORC "7

tfoave eect o te polical pfee of patpan ol n pola dison. papan ll e theoesideds of ews ad s o widen t pest oclude e stadpont of o26 this way, all mov cl osbstive agt

th o gme prnt nce stos Ad er may be and contex n wc t so do capre the uh; bu t pausbityof t argumn s vrely weakned by her falue to expo ee eal posiiiy h diagmen ay ome moe nte as morppe nd ore gups ome acie patcpa t ca pcess a is is rue is boe out by c torcal exnc27

ctie tert poitcs is on coeaed wih pssote cvctos the conn g. e pasoae concos otva nrtin ad come poica acviy But passioate comimewatever r ve do pooe a olean copoming ou lk ey g ecit and uult o ical ife, o qiet anduen spi of comp ad ma adustme.

po g ade e can epd mo spy if we dawa discon twn cic vtue ad viliy2 Te foe conces actz's wlnes to parcipa n it ad h coi to ecomo go (or prc his men to hs sn ndestanding of he common go) of s politca comunity Te ate concesa cizes wlinges t a sgen and o asonacommaos w os dstction heps ite wha

misleadn u the argmn for median Rdcal dea oftenwte as f cvc viue nd cvy we complee mery difn of e am vrte alows them cai that s moepope ome ace in pics ad gn o pltica ssonouy tee w e a coepodng nce n the since wilngsof pople o h for sard goa ad to adst their peptiv accomma the ntes ad con of o 1t prely prm of ehacd cliy tt ges th of e aon gumnheir fore

But gv e commo epeece of polita ife i m ie, s s dly ontc Sy i s mor pUble to nk tht a

Sn, pblcn iva" 555 g of Hmk pl I 1M eay gue t wdpd rcp w dd nd paz Tm Hb Ll Rcd j (N_'Y W N Cpy 1, 9 y cd 5s u a w dd wh p c cpo Ud s

d d by s p.tklrl W Cynd Gc Cpay Yk: 9)

F pcay xamp s B


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incse pca pacpan, an a ccman ple's cmmmen t plcal iscussin wll make plca f mbu. but a s tlean and cv s m mpmnn e saus qu; bu a e mmen a no wha s a sue esraegy of miao ser a a m picipay mre nlsem pica e wul be me key ache cnnsu bcau ppe wul ce sa gls an becme mre cln ajus hei ews accmmae he cnce hes Takinpepe as we fn hem an as hey ae n t pas, scam is hard t acp

f ts sugg e mdain saegy, ke t iezain

sag als pde a cning explanao w plica cusn cl ma pb m ely hem nlnns n pcl quns Hwee, s n ye sw aee saeg ar uuccs explanng e bly of iicaunmy. i mgh be ue ha e meanim denfie by hw sraeges wle n leag a aina c n licalu wud nehe lead ple acep as fai an lemaee me isnmag pdu f slng e diagm w sraege, a s, mg able aun r e elzan ne cic aumy ee ey f accun e eaan f fire cc aunmy Bu wile psble is s uelySbsane disagrme pcs s a fe inwe w pua gmen abu w he is ug be esol Cn

sider, exampe, cnempoa ebaes e Uni Sae e abihe subsnie isageemen abu e ma mb abns ghy ewined w agm abu wic insiin-eederal cu e edeal legslae, e sae egslaeare eapppiae einmakng bs f ng e dispu he acn, a subsae and peura ss a n shapy paablebu fen gly nwie, sngy sugg ha i e uen and mean segie cann epla he by f fideci aunmy, hey wl n be able expain pibi f nrder cic aunmy eihe

Hweer, nhg skepal lusn e fgOig alys f b saeges has ae as we fin em, an haps sis a msake hae ie t sw a e eln an mean

saegi cann exp w ciic aunmy s posble unde mecn

u radica dms can pnd t my agmen by ig aneiain an miain w becme ee mechasm yaer e lfunesandings f cs hae been suiaby ansrme i bng u a h eplaan hw ic aunmy ipsbe ne ha daws n he lWg hug In i e nt smply rg f pcies h dvnc in, n we

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RADIAL DEORAC 9

spy ee accoaos h oes ho ae svg o advacehe ee Re, e ee o a a eer dea of eeour eess eay e Budg o s hou e d expaaoods oe peope oe o n beer udedg of her oee, ey ay e ae o eac (o a e ove uc oe o aao poca cosus

s a rgug e o ague d oduces a uer o essues ha appg h e der o ea L useefo coe ook

CIV AUTONOMY SELF-FORTIO

h eos o o c ooy d e adde e codos e veaao saegy ad e edao saegy e cze as e d e Te hd exo do appeas decy o ha eae de as oe o he oudea he o adca decy, e ee o Uforaoog poca do Beoe dscussg e r epaao oe dea he ay be ueu o say a od o o o abu edea o fsoao uh poca dcusso, sce deaa se soe yeous

Peope's udeadg of er o ee ay chge oe oo e as F e a coe o eeve ha soe ees orcoce o he s o ay e o a s ey ay coe o

eeve t has paed e y ohers or geeae ype a ey do o de Ad fo s eas ey ygve up We s cus, sha ca autonomous rnfrmain.: Scod pope ay coe o beeve ha soe of e esae sa o soe o e es aou a ohe o sucey sve ho gs ay a Ad for h aoe ay chage e ds abou er e We Is ca a prj trnson, sce h ho cage eds ay beee a her e e p advaceo e od oes?

Bo ype of asfoave ereces ca oug pacpa oc dscusso By acpg poca dcuso aeo ay coe o a eer udeadg of ogs of s feces d e codog fueces o s eefs 10 hs ay e

le g nk e we m we w f u n u mg u (rc) e ' cmg u\mu O5ng pl ee, d need me u J menn ju de

e cd msn in kg m wn d ge rfm fr eced sv s m B in pk


16/30

SEVWALcn beome mo autoomos Lkew by partcipag n poitcai, a pe c come o ee w vabe and wotwhe. In ths ay, he ca form bee jdgme bou howo ead his le

Popy detood, he, her is nothg mysteious abu e ideatat potics hs a tafomate dimenson Wha we must now as s: dcal demat have a plausble account o such asormonhat wod epain how a rana cus i poit ud acheed?Such an acount wud eed t detfy t mms at ebepeope o dego eie auonomous o pogsve tsormonhough plica diussio and it woud eed to show tat such fomaios make t mo kel t te w conere n he udgmeo lcal questos. Mo psly such a accoun would n oafy o coditon

1 I must sow tha patipaton potca dusion is nsa f pe o undego the gt type of auonomous and/orprsve sformtons. And:

2 It mst show tha on pple ve undego he nsfo maons, wil ease o em o aceve civc autonomy

shoud be cea tha such a accoun s necsy f he td explanatio s o wok Tis expanato s o idicae claim ( b owig

how he Rousseauian d coud realzed me sees I noaccount o t tasoaive dmeo of poliics saisfi bot cndios hen the ti eplion wl a is would cst ous doubon e pausibii of caim )

Thus, our intl que ca be eprsed n he olowg way dcal demat ve accoun o te ranfomive dmension oflics h afe boh of conditons n the ne o, wlargue ha no such accn es aue no plausble acoun o f asfoaon hough potca diuion can sisfy codo Foths ason wH cocude a cm should Cvc au tomy s not a vad potcal deal fo t me wold

PURlSM D STOTD N1oinfJTAIOS

Fo pt pu we ca assume hat radcal demas have wel wokedu nd cnncg acous o ftansfomao ough iica dusson. e ca aume that he accoun can expa howautoomous and psie tromatos ar possble and how teycn dete i pace quion is whethe thee is ny easoto thn ht h omo col me e eaat of vcautoomy possibe iey


17/30

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L EMOR

24fe pedng I n nte o Os pe of temnlgy Lt

s y tat a pro wo a udgoe eite a auoo o apgee foman a a Q pr t efmaon T is, pio t te soion he had dstotedundendig of hi ow neds and ns Wt ts eoy, wec s wat ppens when pple eme tei dstord neepeos by patcipg i politica diuion Ad o qui genera swes ca be g: ppe wh ee teiditoted epeio mO o me and n ls lkey o covege o oil quto or to cve o ow ty ought o beovd; or ey may be ls lkely s conge tey may be me

lky so convege.T last f te t answes ;s the one te dcJ demOat s ifhe s o povde a accon of sormatn hough pocldio t can vndce A Perhp zg ts mead dema hve hough t such a answer pauble ewe fo exe, h gued tht pbc poica dis soldbe ewed "oa-sfe p,' "ptog wichnew ns and e, suc s ed to conesus ng tpcipOn, emerge3 Bu ee t s necey t ask wh it s taeople ho tpretains ae n ttd d eined by ica dussio wold be ny mo key o each cnsus \ynot ink e covee s ju kly t be te Ae t cer any pibe tt whe peple come to a be udetdig f

e idd need d it tey wil e er aptTe may come rcgnize tat wh is impor hem coctsmo oy (h tey hd peius houht) wt wht imptn t e We c jut aume the at accuate redndneprto wil bg ppe co ogte d wiout tsassumpton, it s h ow i i cl dc ssppd bng bot he y o smon n parcpaecry aciee a aonl polc connsu o at ea kecheg it sbsaaly ee.

Agt ti, om dc dem my beliv tt tr xt nundeying s bnd bewn ces tat i diuped and agmened o ba he suffe o aios ea, m ditoed need pao If h w gh would be p4ble t tk t

polcal d uder apprprate cds d bg ut tam i ciens tt mke it moe key or em converge inudet Howe s hve ied ou sc a l dicultto susti for cmpex me sie maked by gius ethnc andcu plulism. Fr he sietis the s o tick sre ehicaudestndng tt poic dsuso cod bng to he sa ad

: hbb No


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'_.-

242 SEVE WAL


19/30

iIII

RADCAL DERACY 2

cn, wat to consd bie t canddats fo c an acutT have b h bca b airly weldeld b i a a o a dm, ad boh bng to gtsme f he dflti at font im (B st aunt make f te phomo o adapve pfence formn, done is on he dea tat plia disu n povde potonagais mapaon

T gn ih fs acct e rt dea adapve pfer rman imple: wht ople w a union whtthey a ge he pos pn thm a t he pfen ov m my adj rictd opon t L he x

wo coes t epess a pfeence fo su gap, ope comnen wh e imt pi.1 Mve d imtny, pes of pfeence adapaion is "a pey caul p and ik pace hind the ak" f the ope coned3 Thefo, i pUble de imdnt o o\ frdm Otherng beg q, hos who fe m adaptive pefeenc ae ssfre an th wh do nt

Appid to ial ctext preence adaptaon o thi pvd an epanaon o why ppssd gup mght ome o bele ne tice or nvtablty f e pca orde tat op em Gve mt ops, they may cnsiously adapt o he sal cndHn tat kp hem dwn thu bemg cntent with ther o thway the dom s compomd. his sggs t i ig ow

fope ar, pariclaly th wh have ben pped i e ntps we m not igr he hioy o how hir peferncs have ed

Thi i vey sibe; b wat, t my wnder, d it hve dwth ad demacy? e asw povidd y e suggeon hatthe my adapve pfers i paipa in ranal pialdussn S paicpaton can make us moe awar o he orginand asal oe of Of pens. For en e ppate liia din, we ome ont w e view and xrine e and w a aled n t n nd y pe

-p pfe" ( f}o E; K hin ur G (Cbrg: C Un y P 198).

1 o Es' ok sugg

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oJ i AoS wh o gr M co hv El s c o gis s y o prf po lcoi5

gis o p hg ur C 17 B on lc sson" n poc ur &

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20/30

2 EVE WAL

ps of rfton ad stfcton can bng the "hind he backcaua mhanis hat underle adapie prefeene ou nto e oen.fg ther vci rom i grip

T. e penomenon of adpve pce foaion eas howparicipaton i


21/30

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DICAL RY 45

now to ond accunt mo e oe tht o e t oic son c prde prt agatmapatonU o uderstad ts accout, we t ted toan nsg tt oh imt d e e iigh is tha te den y of huma being s cotd ge prt by ther nctiwith other eefs needs, ad pr>n of pe e no x,bt fid d ey h and sctur by te l pracceha they d hemv pt of d pp Te cts w nt t ccson ht he "sl" com to oy wth wes onrluon.,,4

Grg th bc sgt igh whch by ow ome

mee ism t ome psbe to as ow we ow that he saiz p ta v sp ou n pn a notheml dstoed f he sc ramwork a shs us s wth pathoogi how much reet do ou detdgs warnt? Ho we o dstgsh distoted m auhec lnderstadigs The answe gien by the d ccot s t we c olykow ou iteptos of o neds and inte ae no dsot f we ave submted em a polcl dscusso n whchey hve een ttd reas we n o pacipate such di cussios s th hee is simpy o te way o ensr ta w teg mapuad by othe Parcip c hoght of Oo sce ginst d fah As armas pu t: [Notng beerpevets ohe fm pevy dsotg ones own ints

a pcpaion3 f s s rgt, t pacpaon poicdcusson t east under e ght conditios is an inteal componeno gne slfndendg

But why we o k gai mst we parpate n lcal oppo o ci nrcn in oe to test ou nerrtose rgume we ae n cosdeg tbh ht pe a e fom mipulon, e t s advabe fo hem du henes and tets wt ohe Yet, by f h tels otig boutthe mponce of poc disuo per s oppse o ohe ys ofuo h y l t ovid no sp for im

pon of e agume d n wsh to leave te me ehoever hy cotd at te dcion wt ote h s eeedms tk plce de he gh condos namely nder condon

whch l he the oppotuy paicpe on qI es nd dusson e hs c ony n pubc liic di, whee

o t ct H USS BNbb, CWq N

i nk fm hrl Ta (br, M HUvty Pr 99}

7


22/30

._ -..

2 SEVEN WL

a bough togthr o dic hi common fat" Ti th p h au coe wih cai (B) t how that pcipao inaional poca dio i a nsompon o a om

But i tp paube? In thnkg au h, w nd oattd to th oowig poi: a aoa dcon nvgat h authnticiy o a d-ntrptaton qu ng ino ount h o odoing upp fo xamp a ab o a n-tpai a fo o th an inmation on i awa o, h dg towhich tha nomaon pnta not a bad pg) d thtm pnt ftig on . Patpaion i da ca duion manab on to o y hg aog h dmnio; but th a o

co ino i patpang duion m o g wad and t harate of o's cmmitmns a udrae a Fo t ao, it ma b aoa o m no tow o papa in dcuon no parpan n h moe uab to apuao h mght b bet ab toad th i h wan o ad h d o ma hat wod atona f uh pp fogo a ampt a fxamiion famnatoad h cuin o o' udandng o on owndc c n a wd ang o a ott ad it can a mndent o e pon h on h t woud b a mitk o hat a pop ad o h caat o th poj and cc, mplg n o paticpat aona poca duo o to iu aga pOS maipuaon

h udc th fuh tp th agu ndatoo patcpaton da pica dcuion to g p

t s t Hb dsgss e dos (diK wc u vus nedt) m mol nd oi di. t tkt t fr


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RADCAL EMCY 247

o agast mnpuaon, if such poecion s nsay for oma s parcipon s ometm iaonaJ, o nd ai

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Steven Wall - Radical Democracy Personal Freedom