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Steve Biko
*18 December 1946 +13 September 1977
Biko‘s life
• 18 December 1946 in King Williams Town
• mother worked as a cleaning lady for a white family
• father was a office worker for the government -> died when Steve was four years old
• 1952 Biko started school
• 1953 Public Education Act was passed
• 1963 Biko and his brother were
arrested -> Biko got out of prison
after a few days
• 1964 he got a scholarship for the
private Roman Catholic school
• 1966 Biko started to study medicine
at University of Natal Medical
School
-> joined NUSAS
NUSAS
• National Union of South African Students
• fought for non-racism and non-sexcism
• founded in 1924
Bikos life
• Biko recognised that NUSAS had another
ideology
• 1968 he founded the SASO and
became their first president
SASO• South African Students Organisation
• an organisation just for black people ->
Africans, Coloureds, Indians
• black people should be more self
confident
• wanted to change the peoples view about
racial segregation
• Non- violent fight against the Apartheid
regime
Bikos life
• Biko recognised that NUSAS had another
ideology
• 1968 he founded the SASO and
became its first president
• 1969 Biko founded the BCM
BCM
• Black Consciousness Movement
• is a part of the SASO
• wanted new generation of coloured
people
• first campaign:
“Black man you
are on your own!”
• later:
“Black is beautiful!”
Bikos dream
• to get the coloured people ready to stand
up against the Apartheid regime
• integration of the coloured people in the
white society
Bikos life
• early 70‘s the SASO was one of the leading organisations
• 1972 Biko became honorary president of the BPC (Black Peoples Convention)
-> belonged to the SASO and BCM
but was a non student organisation
• 1973 Biko was banned
-> he was not allowed to speak
to more than one person at
the same time
• in the following years Biko was arrested
from time to time
• 1975 Biko was not allowed to involve
himself in politics
• 1976 climax was reached -> fatal fight
between police and students
• 18.8.1977 Biko was arrested
-> because he tried to escape out of SA
• the first twenty days he was left naked and
chained to the bedpost
• at the interrogation he was beaten up by
the police
Bikos death
• after three weeks Biko was badly injured
• it wasn‘t allowed to sent him to a local hospital
-> because of security reasons
• Biko was sent to Pretoria Prison 750 miles without medical attention and still nacked
• 13.9.1977 he died because of his bad head injuries
After Bikos death
• the government said that biko died because of
an extremly hunger strike
• but offical investigations (afforded by Donald
Woods) showed the truth
Donald Woods
• was a white friend of Steve Biko
• a journalist who supported Biko
• he wrote a book about Bikos speeches,
ideology, personality, life and death
Biko‘s private life
• loved life and its good things
• he had a good sense of humour, was full
of charme, gentle and a kind of a
womanizer
• he had a wife and three children
• just before his death he wrote a letter to
his family:
“I've devoted my life to see equality for
blacks, and at the same time, I`ve denied
the needs of my family. Please understand
that I take these actions, not out of
selfishness or arrogance, but to preserve a
South Africa worth living in for blacks and
whites.”
Effects of his death
• at his funeral were a lot of ambassadors
and diplomats from the United States and
Western Europe
• all organisations which belonged to the
BCM were banned
-> but they continued from the
underground
• a new generation of activists grew up
• 1994 the Apartheid regime ended
-> the ANC won the election
Biko today
• his fight is still going on
-> in the minds of many whites the black people are still not equal
• 1997 Nelson Mandela built up a statue of Biko in Pretoria
Biko by Peter Gabriel
September ‘77
Port Elizabeth weather fine
It was business as usual
In police room 619
Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko
Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko
Yihla Moja, Yihla Moja
-The man is dead
When I try to sleep at night
I can only dream in red
The outside world is black and white
With only one colour dead
Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko
Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko
Yihla Moja, Yihla Moja
-The man is dead
You can blow out a candle
But you can′t blow out a fire
Once the flames begin to catch
The wind will blow it higher
Oh Biko, Biko, because Biko
Yihla Moja, Yihla Moja
-The man is dead
And the eyes of the world are
watching now
watching now
What do you think?
Sources:
• wikipedia.de
• http://africanhistory.about.com/library/biographies/blbio-stevebiko.htm
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/37448.stm
• Other sites from the internet
By
Laura Paustian,
Steven Sander
and
Rieke Fischer