SteveRocliffeandAlasdairHarris

ScalingsuccessinoctopusfisheriesmanagementintheWesternIndianOcean.Proceedingsoftheworkshop,3-5December2014,StoneTown,Zanzibar

February2015

OmnibusBusinessCentre,39–41NorthRoad,LondonN79DP,UK.research@blueventures.orgTel: +44(0)2076978598Fax: +44(0)8000664032

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©BlueVentures2015.Copyrightinthispublicationandinalltext,dataandimagescontainedherein,exceptasotherwise

indicated,restswithBlueVentures.

Acknowledgements:ThisreportwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthegeneroussupportoftheWesternIndianOcean

MarineScienceAssociationandtheMarineStewardshipCouncil

Recommendedcitation:Rocliffe,S.,andHarris,A.,2015.Scalingsuccess inoctopus fisheriesmanagement in theWestern

IndianOcean.Proceedingsoftheworkshop,3-5December2014,StoneTown,Zanzibar.BlueVentures.London.

Frontpage:Anoctopusfisherlandshiscatch,StoneTown,Zanzibar;photo:SteveRocliffe.

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TableofContents

Listofabbreviationsandacronyms....................................................................................................................v

1. Summary.....................................................................................................................................................1

2. Introduction................................................................................................................................................2

Short-termclosures:fisheriesbenefits...................................................................................................................2

Towardseco-certification.......................................................................................................................................3

Informationgaps.....................................................................................................................................................3

3. WorkshopObjectives..................................................................................................................................4

4. DaySummaries...........................................................................................................................................5

Day1|Wednesday03December2014.................................................................................................................5

SessionI|StatusandtrendsofWIOoctopusfisheriesandmarkets.....................................................................5COUNTRYOVERVIEWS.........................................................................................................................................................6

SessionII|Localandnationalmanagementapproaches.......................................................................................6OCTOPUSFISHERIESCLOSURESINMADAGASCAR..............................................................................................................6OCTOPUSFISHERIESCLOSURESINRODRIGUES..................................................................................................................7TEMPORARYCLOSURESINOTHER(NON-OCTOPUS)FISHERIES..........................................................................................8

Day2|Thursday04December2014.....................................................................................................................9

SessionII|Localandnationalmanagementapproaches.......................................................................................9

SessionIII|Overcomingdataandcapacitygapsformonitoringoctopusfisheries...............................................9MONITORINGANDASSESSMENTOFOCTOPUSFISHERIES..................................................................................................9SessionIV|ManagementchallengesforattainingtheMSCstandard.............................................................................10MSCANDDEVELOPINGWORLDFISHERIES........................................................................................................................12

SideEvent|Octopussamplingforfisheriesassessmentsandtoolsforparticipatoryassessment.....................13

Day3|Friday05December2014........................................................................................................................13SessionV|Towardscertification–developingandimplementingoctopusfisheriesimprovementactionplans...........13

5. Conclusionsandlessonslearned...............................................................................................................15

Benefitsofimprovedmanagement......................................................................................................................15

Diversityofmanagementapproachesleadingtosustainedgains........................................................................15

ChallengesofapplyingtheMSCstandardtodevelopingworldfisheries.............................................................15

Lengthycertificationprocess................................................................................................................................15

Needforregionalexpertiseinstockassessment..................................................................................................15

Essentialnatureofpartnerships...........................................................................................................................16

Valueofcommunityexchanges............................................................................................................................16

Appendix1:WorkshopAgenda........................................................................................................................17

Appendix2:WorkshopParticipantList.............................................................................................................20

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Appendix3:EngagingwiththeMSC’scertificationprocess...............................................................................22

1.Stakeholdertrainingandcapacitybuilding.......................................................................................................22

2.Gapanalysis–Pre-assessmenttemplate..........................................................................................................22

3.Planningimprovements–ActionPlanTemplateandguidance........................................................................22

4.Trackingprogress–BenchmarkingandTrackingTool(BMT)...........................................................................22

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Listofabbreviationsandacronyms

BV BlueVentures

CMT CustomaryMarineTenure

CPUE CatchPerUnitEffort

FAO FoodandAquacultureOrganisation

FIP FisheryImprovementPlan

IUU Illegal,UnregulatedandUnreported

LMMA LocallyManagedMarineArea

MIHARI Madagascar’sLMMAnetwork

MSC MarineStewardshipCouncil

NGO Non-governmentalorganisation

ODK OpenDataKit

PECCA PembaChannelConservationArea

REPAO RéseaudesPolitiquesdelaPêcheenAfriquedel'Ouest(FisheriesPolicyNetworkinWestAfrica)

WIO WesternIndianOcean

WIO-CC WesternIndianOceanCoastalChallenge

WIOMSA WesternIndianOceanMarineScienceAssociation

WWF WorldWideFundforNature

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1. Summary

Thepastdecadehasseenaproliferationofmanagementeffortstargetingsmall-scalefisheriesintheWesternIndianOcean

(WIO).Manymeasureshavefocusedonbuildinglocalcapacityformanagementofreefoctopus(Octopuscyanea)andseveral

fisherieshaveundergonepre-assessmentagainst theMarineStewardshipCouncil's (MSC)environmental standard.Recent

years have seen a growing interest in fisheries improvement projects (FIPs) for invertebrate fisheries across the region,

includingsomeoctopusfisheriesmovingtowardsMSCcertification.

Aspartofthiseffort,theScalingsuccessinoctopusfisheriesmanagementintheWesternIndianOceanworkshopwasheld

from03-05December2014inStoneTown,Zanzibar.Themeetingbroughttogether66delegatesrepresentinggovernments,

NGOs,fishingcommunities,regionalorganisations,academicinstitutionsandtheseafoodindustrytoshareexperiencesand

lessonslearnedfromeffortsundertakenacrosstheWesternIndianOceantoimprovefisheriessustainability.

Themeetingwasstructuredaroundfivesessionsoverthreedays:i)StatusandtrendsofWIOoctopusfisheriesandmarkets;

ii)Localandnationalmanagementapproaches; iii)Overcomingdataandcapacitygapsformonitoringoctopusfisheries; iv)

Management challenges for attaining the MSC standard; and v) Towards certification – developing and implementing

octopusfisheriesimprovementactionplans.

Severalkeyfindingsemergedfromtheworkshop,including

• ImprovingthemanagementofAfrica'ssmall-scalefisheriescandeliversustainedbenefitsthroughouttheseafoodsupply

chain,benefitingcoastalcommunitieswhilerebuildingdwindlingfishstocksandsupportingparallelconservationefforts.

• Collaborative efforts between NGOs, governments, funding bodies and supply chain stakeholders have been very

effectiveindeliveringtargetedoutcomesinsomeFIPs.

• Successful FIP projects require partnershipswith clear allocation of roles, sustained commitment from partners, and

strongleadership.

• AnincreasingnumberofFIPsuseMSCpre-assessmenttoguidethedevelopmentofactionplans.

• ThereisanurgentneedtodevelopregionalandnationalexpertisewithinAfricaandtheIndianOceaninfisheriesstock

assessmentinordertoreducethecostsofFIPsandtheMSCcertificationprocessintheWIO.

• Approachestosmall-scalefisheriesmanagementintheregionarediversebutlargelybottom-up.Giventhis,thereisa

need for greater support for local dialogue and community exchanges, and enhanced networking among small-scale

fisheriesmanagementeffortsaroundtheregion.

• Manysmall-scalefisheriesmanagementeffortsarebasedoninformallocalgovernancesystemsthatremainvulnerable

to outside influences such as migrant and industrial fishers. Such efforts would benefit from increased support for

decentralised,rights-basedfisheriesmanagementfromcentralfisheriesauthorities.

• AfricanfisheriescurrentlyengagedintheFIPsprocessareearlyadopters.Theworldiswatchingandlistening.

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2. Introduction

Approximately 60million people live in the western Indian Ocean (WIO)’s coastal zone, and this number is expected to

doubleby2030.Manyaredirectlydependentuponmarineresourcesfortheirsurvivalandlivelihoods.Arecentestimateof

theeconomicvalueof thecoastalecosystemsof thewestern IndianOceanreturnedavalueof roughly25billionUS$per

year,withfisheriesandtourismcontributingthemostintermsofdirectfinancialbenefits.However,thecoastalecosystems

andservicestheyprovidearealreadyundersignificantpressurefromhumanactivitiesthatarecausinghabitatdegradation,

pollutionandover-exploitationofresources.

Octopus fisheries are an important resource for coastal communities throughoutmuch theWIO region. Inmany coastal

zoneswithcoralreefs,octopusfishingdominatessmall-scalefishingeffortandisaparticularlyimportanteconomicactivity

for women aswell asmen. In addition to being an important food for coastal communities, themajority of catches are

exportedtooverseasmarkets,predominantlyinEurope.

ThepastdecadehasseengrowingsignsofoverexploitationofWIOoctopusfisheries,asevidencedbyreducedlandingsand

smallersizesandweights. Inresponse,therehasbeenarapidgrowthin interest ineffortsto improvethesustainabilityof

octopusfishing,particularlythroughtheestablishmentofseasonalclosuresoffishinggroundstoenablestockstorecover.

Short-termclosures:fisheriesbenefitsFirstpilotedinsouthernMadagascarin2004,theshort-termoctopusfisheryclosure‘model’hassincebeenreplicatedmore

thantwohundredtimes.Thesespatially-discretefishingclosures,typicallycomprising25%ofacommunity’soveralloctopus

fishinggroundsandclosed for3-7monthsatvarious timesofyear,havenowbeenestablishedalongthecountry’ssouth,

westandnorthcoasts.

Adoptionofthislocally-ledfisheriesmanagementmodelcontinuestogroweachyearinMadagascar,andtheapproachhas

morerecentlybeenadaptedtoothersmall-scale invertebrate fisheries includingmangrovecrabsScyllaserrata inwestern

MadagascarandspinylobsterPanulirusspp.ontheeastcoast.

In a number of cases these closures have provided the catalyst for encouraging stakeholder buy-in to broader marine

resourcemanagementefforts,includingthecreationofpermanentmarineprotectedareas,nowestablishedatseveralsites

bycommunitiesinparallelwithtemporaryfisheriesclosures.Overthelastsevenyears,38LMMAshavebeenestablishedin

Madagascar alone, collectively covering 6.9% of the country’s seabed; some 6,635 km2. Over half of these LMMAs

incorporatemanagement efforts specifically targeting octopus fisheries, illustrating the key role that small-scale fisheries

managementisplayinginbuildingcommunitysupportformarineconservationnationally.

Havingwitnessedtheeffectivenessofthisapproachinimprovingoctopusproduction,thegovernmentofMadagascarpassed

new fisheries legislation in 2004 to close the fishery for 6weeks frommid-December each year, a nationalmanagement

measure that continues in tandemwith themoreadhoc locally-led closures. Thisnational closuremodelhas sincebeen

adopted by the neighbouring Mauritian island of Rodrigues, with island-wide two-month fishery closures established

annuallysince2012.

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Recentbio-economicanalysesofapproximately36temporary fisheryclosuresestablishedoversevenyears inMadagascar

show that thebenefits obtainedby fishers after short-termclosuresmore thanoutweigh the foregone catch and income

sacrificedduringthem,givingacompellingeconomicincentivetocontinuethisapproachtooctopusfisheriesmanagement.

FollowingthesuccessoffisheriesmanagementexperiencesfromMadagascarandMauritiusoverthepastdecade,thereis

now growing interest from communities, NGOs and fisheries sector partners in other regional states, including Tanzania,

Kenya,MozambiqueandSeychellestoreplicatetheseexperiencesfurther.

Towardseco-certificationTofurtherincreasethesustainabilityofthisfishery,aswellastheeconomicbenefitsbroughttofishingcommunitiesandthe

broadersupplychainfromsustainablefisheriesmanagement,pre-assessmentsfortheMarineStewardshipCouncil’secolabel

havebeenundertakenonreefoctopus(O.cyanea)fisheriesinTanzaniaandsouthernMadagascar.Inbothcasestheclients

were non-governmental organisationsworking to promotemore sustainablemanagement of these fisheries. These pre-

assessments have made recommendations for fisheries improvement plans, which are now being developed by fishery

stakeholdersinbothcountries.

InformationgapsDespite the critical importance of octopus fisheries to coastal communities across theWIO region, and the encouraging

progress made in managing this fishery in Madagascar and Mauritius, current understanding of status and trends inO.

cyanea stocks and markets remains poor, and there has been limited sharing of management experiences between

countries. InmanyWIO coastal states,monitoring of this small-scale fishery is intermittent at best, anddata are on the

wholescarceandrarelysharedacrosstheregion.

Giventhediversityoflocalandnationally-ledapproachesnowunderwayformanagingoctopusstocksacrosstheregion,as

wellas theprovenbenefits thathavealreadybeenseenfrommanagement,andthehighpotential foreco-certificationof

thisfisherywithintheMSCframework,thereisnowanurgentneedtoovercomeexistinginformationandknowledgegaps

andtostrengthenandsupportnewfisheriesmanagementeffortsbybringingtogetherregionaloctopusfisherystakeholders

tosharelessonslearnedandbestpractice.Tothisend,theScalingsuccessinoctopusfisheriesmanagementintheWestern

IndianOceanworkshopwasheldfrom03-05December2014inStoneTown,Zanzibar.Thisreportsummarisesandcompiles

outputs,recommendationsandinsightsarisingfromtheworkshop.

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3. WorkshopObjectives

Thisthree-dayworkshopwasheldtoconveneoctopusfisherystakeholdersfromacrosscoastaleastAfricanandislandstates

toshareexperiencesinoctopusfisheriesmanagementintheregion.Theworkshopboughttogether66stakeholdersfrom14

countries, including national and regional government representatives, NGOs, research institutions, commercial seafood

exportersandprocessors,andtheMarineStewardshipCouncil.Thebroadagendaforproceedingsisdetailedbelow.

Theme DAY1|Octopusfisheriesandtheir

management

DAY2|Addressingdata

deficiencyinoctopusfisheries

DAY3|Towardseco-certification

AM • StatusandtrendsofWIO

octopusfisheriesandmarkets.

Marketopportunitiesforeco-

certificationofWIOO.cyanea.

• Overcomingdataand

capacitygapsfor

monitoringoctopus

fisheries.

• Towardscertification:developing

andimplementingoctopus

FisheriesImprovementAction

Plans.

PM • Localandnational

managementapproaches–

experiencesfromtheWIOand

globally.

• Managementchallenges

forattainingtheMSC

standard

Table1.Summaryworkshopagenda

AmoredetailedagendacanbefoundinAppendix1.AfulllistofattendeesisprovidedinAppendix2

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4. DaySummaries

Day1|Wednesday03December2014

SessionI|StatusandtrendsofWIOoctopusfisheriesandmarketsAfter opening speeches fromMartin Purves (Southern Africa ProgrammeManager,Marine Stewardship Council), Dr Tim

Andrew (Director of Outreach and Resource Mobilisation, WIOMSA) and Dr Alasdair Harris (Executive Director, Blue

Ventures),thedatasessionsbeganwithanoverviewofoctopusfisheries inthewesternIndianOcean,presentedbySteve

Rocliffe(UniversityofYork,BlueVentures).Thetalkwassplitintothreeparts,withthefirstpartreviewingtrendsincatches,

importsandexportsatthegloballevel,thesecondfocusingontheregionalpicture,bothintheWesternIndianOceanandin

Africamore broadly, and the final part examining the structure of the fisheries in 8WIO states:Madagascar, Rodrigues,

Comoros,Tanzania,Zanzibar,TheSeychelles,KenyaandMozambique.

Keyfindingsfromtheresearchincluded:

• Globaloctopuscatchpeakedatalmost380,000tonnesin2007,andhassincedeclinedbyatenthto335,865tonnesin

2012.

• China,Morocco,Mauritania,SpainandVietnamarethemainexportersofoctopus.

• ImportsofoctopustotalledanaverageofUS$1.6billiondollarsperyearbetween2009and2013.Majormarketsare

centredinAsiaandEurope,particularlyJapan,SouthKorea,ItalyandSpain.

• Thegrowthinoctopuscatchessince1990hasnotoccurredevenly.Africawastheprimaryregionforoctopuscapturein

1990,buthassinceseenitsshareoftheglobaltotalhalvedfrom35%in1990to18%in2012.

• ArtisanalfishingforoctopushasbeenpracticedforcenturiesinthewesternIndianOceanandisanimportanteconomic

andsubsistenceactivityformanycoastalcommunities,especiallyinTanzania,Madagascar,RodriguesandMozambique.

• Tanzania, Madagascar and Kenya are the largest exporters of octopus in the western Indian Ocean and target EU

marketsprimarily,particularlyPortugal,Italy,FranceandSpain.

• Data from theglobal tradeand fisheriesdatasetsused in theanalysisareunreliable for several reasons, so thecatch

figurespresentedshouldbetreatedasconservativeunderestimates.

Following this overview, Yann Yvergniaux (Smartfish,Mauritius) presented a summary of key findings from the Smartfish

Regional Symposium on Octopus FisheriesManagement, which was held inMauritius in February 2014. The aim of this

symposiumwas to document regional octopus fisheriesmanagement initiatives and to compare results in a participative

manner by allowing stakeholders to share their ownexperiences. The key finding from this symposiumwas that octopus

fisheriesserveasapracticalentrypointforbroaderfisheriesmanagementandconservationinitiatives,andthatbenefitsto

communitiescanaccruerapidly.

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COUNTRYOVERVIEWSThetwosummarypresentationswerecomplementedbyaseriesoftalksfromregionalresearchers,governmentofficialsand

NGOs,whodocumentedexperiencesofoctopusfisheriesmanagementatnationalorislandscalesinZanzibar,Madagascar,

Tanzania,Kenya,Rodrigues,SeychellesandMozambique.Severalinsightsemergedfromthecountry-specificpresentations,

including:

• TheprimaryspeciescaughtbytheartisanalfisheryintheWesternIndianOceanisOctopuscyanea,butOctopusvulgaris

isalsotaken,especiallyintheSeychelles,butalsoinsmallerquantitiesinRodriguesandZanzibar.

• Severalmanagementmeasures are in place for octopus across the region. These include closed seasons, temporary

closures,minimumsize limitsandgearrestrictions,butthesevaryconsiderablyfromcountrytocountry.Forexample,

minimumsizelimitsforO.cyaneaare350ginMadagascar,500ginTanzaniaandZanzibar,and1kginComoros.Insome

countries (Kenya,Seychelles,Mozambique)managementmeasuressuchasseasonalclosureshavebeenproposedbut

notyetadopted.

• Reefoctopusstocksaresuspectedtobe locallyoverfishedorfullyexploited inseveralareas, includingpartsofKenya,

Seychelles,TanzaniaandZanzibar.Minimumsizelimitsaredifficulttoenforcebecausethefavouredmethodofcapture

inthisregion(spearingoctopuslocatedinholesinshallowreefflats)meansthatfishersareunabletoseetheoctopus’s

sizebeforeitiskilled.

• Other issueshighlighted included: theneed forbuy-in for temporaryclosures,notonly fromfishingcommunities,but

alsofrombuyersandotherprivatestakeholders,aswellaspublicinstitutions;theimportanceofpre-andpost-closure

catchmonitoring;andthepotentialneedtoformaliselocalinformalclosuresthroughtheuseofby-laws.

SessionII|Localandnationalmanagementapproaches

OCTOPUSFISHERIESCLOSURESINMADAGASCARAfter lunch, biologistDr TomOliver (University ofHawaii, BlueVentures) presented an analysis of eight years of octopus

landingsdatafromtheVelondriakeLMMA,thefirstareaofMadagascartopioneerthetemporaryclosure-basedapproachto

octopus stockmanagement. DrOliver’s analysis is considered crucial to understanding the effectiveness of bothwestern

Madagascar’s annual, regional six-week (15December – 31 January) fishery closure and the temporary, spatially discrete

(‘reserve’) closure system, since until now no empirical evidence has been available to support the perceived success of

eithermanagementapproach.ResultsofthisresearcharecurrentlybeingpreparedforpublicationinPLOSONE(Oliveretal.

inprep).Keyfindingsareasfollows:

• Impacts on fishery catches, village fishery income, and net economic benefits from 36 periodic closures were

significantlypositive.Theseclosurescovered~20%ofavillage'sfishedareaandlastedfor2-7months.

• Octopus landings and catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased significantly in the 30 days following a closure's

reopening,relativetothe30daysbeforeaclosure.

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• Results in open-access control sites depended on whether the focal closure occurred independently of other

management ("no ban") or the focal closure extended a seasonal fishery shutdown affecting all sites during the

closures'firstsixweeks("ban").Controlsitesshowednobefore/afterchangeduring"noban"closures,butshowed

modestincreasesduring"ban"closures.

• Invillagesimplementingaclosure,octopusfisheryincomedoubledinthe30daysafteraclosure,relativeto30days

before. Control villages not implementing a closure showed no increase in income after "no ban" closures and

modestincreasesafter"ban"closures.Villagesdidnotshowasignificantdeclineinincomeduringclosureevents.

• Landingsinclosuresitesrapidlygeneratedmorerevenuethansimulatedlandingsassumingcontinuedopen-access

fishingatthatsite.Benefitsaccruedfasterthanlocalfishers'timepreferencesduring17-27ofthe36closures.High

reportedratesofillegalfishing(poaching)duringclosurescorrelatedwithpooreconomicperformance.

• Over69periodicclosuresoccurredinVelondriakebetween2004and2011.Sincethisclosureregimeprecededthe

rapidgrowthofbroaderco-management inthisregion(inparticulartheestablishmentof locallymanagedmarine

areas inmanyof the same fishingareas), it is conceivable thatnarrowly targetedmanagement interventions can

serveasa“catalyst”forbroadermanagementactions.

Dr Oliver fielded several questions from the audience during his session. He was asked about the extent to which Blue

Ventureswas involved inVelondriake,whyhe thought that localvillagers respected theclosures,andwhetheralternative

livelihoodprogrammeswereestablishedtohelpfishersduringclosures.Herespondedthat:i)BlueVenturesremainsclosely

involvedinsupportingthefisheryandbroaderconservationeffortsinVelondriake,buthasbeentakingstepstoensurethat

the funding remains sustainable, transitioning towardsa “lighter-touchapproach”,with somevillagesoutsideVelondriake

managingclosureswithoutdirectsupport; ii)Fishersrecognisedthatiftheyleftanareaevenforasmallperiodthenthere

wouldbeapersonaleconomicbenefit;andiii)Thatpartofthedesignoftheapproachwasthatfisherscouldcontinuetofish,

sinceonlyaportion(approx.20%)ofthefishinggroundsareclosedatanygivenperiod.

OCTOPUSFISHERIESCLOSURESINRODRIGUESFollowingDrOliver’ssession,ReshadJhangeer-Khan (EconomicPlanning&MonitoringUnit,RodriguesRegionalAssembly)

shared some lessons learned from octopus fisheries management in Rodrigues, with a particular focus on the recent

introduction of a closed season for octopus. Rodrigues is a semi-autonomous island of the Republic of Mauritius lying

approximately600kmeastofMauritius.Intheearly1970s,around1,800tonnesofoctopuswaslandedeachyear,butbythe

early tomid2000s,annualcatcheshaddecreasedtoaround250tonnesayear,andspearfishingofoctopusbysnorkelers

startedtobecomeincreasinglypopularascatchyieldsfromtraditionalgleaningdeclined.

In 2012,with octopus catches at around 20% of their historic highs, the government of Rodrigues enacted legislation to

implement an annual two-month closed season for octopus fishing. Inspired by the short-term closures pioneered in

Madagascarin2004,thefirstclosuretookplacebetweenAugustandOctober2012andhassincebeenrepeatedin2013and

2014.Followingthefirstclosure,annualcatchesjumpedto571tonnes,thehighestlevelfor9yearsandanincreaseof50%

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over2011figures.Localauthorities inRodrigueshavealsoestablishedanalternative livelihoodsschemetoprovidefishers

withincomegeneratingactivitiesduringthetwo-monthclosures,butthereareconcernsaboutitsfinancialviability.

The experiences of the Rodrigues octopus fishery are documented in detail in a report produced in preparation for the

symposiumbyReshadJhangeer-Khanandcolleagues.

TEMPORARYCLOSURESINOTHER(NON-OCTOPUS)FISHERIESAftertheafternoonbreak,SteveRocliffe(UniversityofYork,BlueVentures)returnedtopresentanintroductiontoperiodic

fisheriesclosuresforspeciesotherthanoctopus,includingtheoriginsoftheapproachanditscontemporaryuseinartisanal

invertebratespeciesacrosstheIndo-Pacific.Someofthekeyinsightscoveredincluded:

• In aWesternmanagement context, periodic closures havemainly been proposed and tested as a management

strategyforbenthicinvertebratesliketrochus,scallops,urchins,lobster,coralandabalone.Inthiscontext,evidence

about effectiveness ismixed, ranging from studies reporting onlymarginal gains from periodic closures to those

findingincreasesinyieldandpopulationsize.

• Modelling of periodic closures suggests that the longer-lived, slower-growing specieswill need longer periods of

closureforbenefitstoaccruethanfaster-growing,shorter-livedspecies.

• Periodic closures are a commonly usedmanagement tool in locallymanagedmarine areas inmany parts of the

Pacific,especiallycountrieswithatraditionofcustomarymarinetenure(CMT)–therighttocontrolaccesstofishing

groundsatthelocallevel.

• Theseclosuresoftenprotectanentirespeciesassemblageonareef,butmayalsobeemployedtoprotectasingle

invertebrate species such as trochus (Tectus niloticus), mud clams (Polymesoda spp), mud crabs (Scylla serrata)

lobster(Panulirusspp),orbloodcockles(Anadaragranosa).

• Approaches to periodic closures are highly varied, with differing periods of opening and closing, even between

closuresaimingtomanagethesamespecies.

• Althoughclosure frequencyandduration isdependenton the lifehistories,habitatsandecosystemconditionsof

thetargetedspecies,aswellasthegoalsandobjectivesoftheclosure,periodicclosuresaregenerallybettersuited

toshort-lived,fast-growingspecies.

The final presentation of the day, by Emma Quilligan of Azafady, an environmental conservation and community

developmentorganisationbased in theAnosy regionof southeastMadagascar,explored inmoredetail aperiodic closure

targetingspinylobster(Panulirusspp)inthefisheryaroundSteLuce,Madagascar.

Thelobsterfisheriesinthisregionprovide10%oftheisland’sannualcatchofspinylobster.Despiteincreasingnumbersof

fishers and traps, lobster catch has been falling for several years, suggesting that the industry is unsustainable. The pilot

phaseofAzafady’sProjectOratsimbaran fromJune2013toMarch2014andaimedtoencouragesustainablepractices in

lobster management and to explore alternative livelihood options for the fishers of the Ste Luce area. Using a dina, or

traditional rule, the project established a periodic closure in Ste Luce, with a committee of local fishers responsible for

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patrollingtheareaandenforcingthenewdina.Whilecommunitysupportfortheclosureremainsstrong,severalchallenges

wereencounteredduringthepilotphaseoftheproject,notablyalackofmonitoringorbaselinedataandinformation,and

insufficient communication and educationalmaterials for distribution to the community. Project Oratsimbawill work to

addressthesechallengesthrough2015,thankstofinancialsupportfromtheEU-fundedSmartfishinitiative.

Day2|Thursday04December2014

SessionII|LocalandnationalmanagementapproachesSession II concluded on themorning of Day 2with presentations on strategies for upgrading the octopus value chain in

SenegalandpilotingoftemporaryclosuresforoctopusonPembaIsland,Zanzibar.

TheSenegal talkwasdeliveredbyPapaGoraNdiaye (REPAO,Senegal). Senegalhas thehighest catchofoctopus inAfrica

after Mauritania and Morocco, but its catch varies significantly each year and there are concerns that the resource is

overfished.Almostalltheoctopus(Octopusvulgaris)caughtinSenegalisflashfrozenandexportedtoItaly(60%byweight),

Japan(15%),Spain(9%)andGreece(6%)bylargeprocessingcompaniesbasedincountry.TheREPAOoctopusprojectaimsto

promotesustainablemanagement,improvethequalityofmanagementandincreasereturnsforfishers.Theoctopusproject

was implemented in two locations (Nianing and Pointe Sarene) in the Department ofMbour, about 150km south of the

Senegalese capital, Dakar. Over the longer-term, there is appetite for the fishery tomove to certification, with a fishery

improvementplaninprogress.

The Pemba island talk was given by Yann Yvergniaux of Smartfish, Mauritius. Inspired by the success of Madagascar’s

temporary octopus fishery closures, Smartfish is working with Fauna and Flora International and local NGO Mwambao

CoastalCommunityNetworktosetupacollaborativefisheriesmanagementpilotprojectinthePembaChannelConservation

Area(PECCA)thatusesoctopusasanentrypointforbroadermanagementandconservationefforts.Thechosensiteforthe

pilot initiative, thesouthern islandofKisiwaPanza,hasapproximately7,000 inhabitants,ofwhom80-85%arefishers.The

octopusfisheryisthemostimportantfisheryfortheislanders.Theprojectisatanearlystage;nextstepswillseegovernance

structuresestablishedandbaselinedatacollected,communityconsultationsandparticipatoryplanningandtraininginitiated,

andcommunityexchangesconducted,aheadofthefirstclosure.

SessionIII|Overcomingdataandcapacitygapsformonitoringoctopusfisheries

MONITORINGANDASSESSMENTOFOCTOPUSFISHERIESThethirdsessionconsistedoftwopresentationslookingatmonitoringandassessmentofoctopusfisheries.CharlieGough,

MonitoringandEvaluationManagerforBlueVentures,spokefirst,withcolleagueTinahMartin.Thepresentationprovided

an overview of tools and approaches for participatory assessment, explaining how locally trained data collectors in

Madagascarareworkingwithfishermentomonitorcatchratesandsexualmaturity,andtomapfishingsitesinthesouthof

the country. She described some of the safeguards used by Blue Ventures to ensure the integrity of the collected data,

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includingtheuseofmacrostospeedupdataentryandcheckingprocesses,anddashboardstofacilitatepresentationofdata

tokeystakeholders.

Respondingtoaquestionfromtheaudienceaboutwhetherfishersalwaysgivehonestanswersaboutthelocationoftheir

fishingsitesduringparticipatorymappingsessions,MsGoughsaidthatthereislittlesecrecyregardingsitesasthefisheryis

openaccess.Fishingdataiscollecteddailyandoverallmonitoringcostsarelow.

Fisheries scientist Dr PaulMedley spoke next, presenting an accessible overview of how theMarine Stewardship Council

conductsfisheriesassessments.DrMedleyunderscoredtheimportanceofclearlylinkingmanagementtoMSCrequirements,

andoffocusingontheharvestcontrolrule;asetofwell-definedrulesoractionsusedtodeterminemanagementactionsin

response to changes in indicators of stock status. In theQ&A that followed his talk, DrMedleywas askedwhetherMSC

certificationcouldbeachievedinthestock-rebuildingphase.Herespondedthatassessmenttookapproximatelyoneyear,so

technicallyanoctopusstockcouldbeintheprocessofrebuildingwhenitreceivedcertification.HoweverbecauseO.cyanea

issuchafastgrowingspecies,itwouldreachhealthylevelsveryquicklyandsothiswasnotanissue.

SessionIV|ManagementchallengesforattainingtheMSCstandardTheforthsessionbeganwithanintroductiontotheMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)bytheorganisation’ssouthernAfrica

representative,Martin Purves. TheMSC is theworld’s largest ecolabel forwild-caught seafood. It certifies the ecological

performanceofa fisheryagainst set standardsandpromotescertifiedproducts.Theorganisationaims to reduce levelsof

overfishingworldwidebyworkingwith fishers,public institutionsand localNGOstopromotesustainable fishingpractises.

ThepresentationdetailedthehistoryofMSCandthebenefitsforfisheriesthatachievecertificationsuccessfully.

The MSC certification standards are based on the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and assessment is

conductedby independentthird-partyassessors.Threekeyprinciples formthecoreofMSC’sassessmentstrategyandare

supportedby31environmentalperformanceindicators:

1. Thestateofthestockofthetargetspecies

2. Ecosystemimpactsofthefishery

3. Currentfisheriesmanagement

Anestimated11%ofglobalmarinecapturefisheriesarecurrentlyengagedinsomeleveloftheMSCprocess,andthenumber

of MSC-labelled products available on worldwide markets has consistently doubled every year from 2003 to 2010. Full

assessment involves the delineation of the fishery and a certification unit, followed by an independent evaluation of the

fisherytoassessitsstatusinlinewiththethreeprincipleslistedabove.

SeveralaspectsoftheMSCprocesswerediscussedintheQ&Athatfollowedthepresentation.Themainexchangeswereas

follows

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• Q–Candatadeficientfisheriesbecertified?

o A–Thereisarisk-basedframeworkintheMSCstandardthatcanbeusedtoallowdatadeficientfisheries

tobecertified.Therearealsotoolsavailabletoassistwiththisprocess.Theentirecatchisassessedthrough

theMSCmethodology:themainstockisunderPrinciple1(stockstatus)andtheremainderunderPrinciple

2(ecosystemimpacts).

• Q – Is there any guarantee that a certified octopus fishery will have financial gains? How can the costs of

certificationauditsbemetgoingforwards?

o A–Thereisnoguaranteethatthefisherywillseefinancialbenefits,howeverevidencefromothercertified

small-scalefisheriesshowsclearbenefitsfromcertification.Thereisalsoevidenceofdevelopmentofnew

marketsforcertifiedfisheries,thoughthisisdependentonthefishery.

• Q–Isthereawaytointegratethecosts?

o A–(fromDrMedley)Thebestwaytoreducecostsisfordifferentregionstobecertifiedunderthesame

certificate,therebysharingthecostsbetweenthem.Inadditional,web-basedcommunicationmethodscan

beusedtorelayinformationaboutthefishery,whichsavesonauditorcosts.

o A – (from Martin Purves) This issue is under scrutiny by the MSC at the moment to see if

developments/changescanbemadetomakethisprocessmoreaffordable.

• Q–Ifyouarecertified,howlongbeforeyouarecheckedbyanassessmentbody?

o A–Thefisheryisauditedyearlyaspartoftheconditionsofcertificationandthenreassessedevery5years.

FollowingthisQ&A,DrSloansChimatiro(WorldFish,Zambia),gaveanintroductiontotheFishTradeprogramme,aEuropean

Commission-fundedinitiativetoimprovefoodsecurityandreducepovertybyexpandingtradeopportunitiesforsmall-scale

fishersinsub-SaharanAfrica.DrChimatirocalledforgreateruseofpartnershipstohelptheprojecttoachieveitsobjectives.

Themorning’sfinalpresentationfocussedontraceabilityintheKenyanoctopustradeandwasgivenBenrickOgutu(Fisheries

Department,Kenya).TherecentlyintroducedEUillegal,unreportedandunregulatedfishing(IUU)regulationhasestablished

asystemtoprevent,deterandeliminateIUUfishingwithintheEuropeanCommunitythroughtheuseofacatchcertification

scheme for fishand fisheryproducts. In response to this,Kenyahas introducedFishtrace,a fishmanagement information

system.Fishtrace isaweb-andmobile-basedsystemdesignedtocapture informationalongthefisheriesvaluechainfrom

initialcapturetopointofexport.Thesystem,whichisusedatlandingsitesandbyprocessorsandgovernmentofficers,also

allowstheGovernment,fishersandexporterstofollowpatternsinthesalesofthefish.

Afterlunch,andinanadditiontotheschedule,AndreaCarrassiofJohnsHopkinsUniversitypresentedfindingsfromarecent

assessmentofOctopuscyaneapopulationsinMisaliIsland,Pemba.Preliminaryresultsarethat,althoughtheno-takezoneat

MpapainiBeachisworkingwell,overallstockisdecreasing.Inaddition,thereisaneedtoexplorethepotentialtoestablish

anadditionalno-take-zoneatKijiwebenderaandtocontinuetoembracecommunity-basedmanagementonMisali.

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MSCANDDEVELOPINGWORLDFISHERIESFollowing this talk,MartinPurves returned for the final two talksof theday. In the firstof these two longer sessions, an

overview of Fisheries Improvement Projects was presented. Participants learnt that, for fisheries that do not yet meet

theMSCstandard,aFIPoffersastepwiseapproachtowardsachievingmoresustainablepractices.Itbringstogethermultiple

fishery stakeholders—including fishers, the private sector, fisherymanagers, researchers, and NGOs—who collaborate to

improve fishing practices and management. The involvement of multiple stakeholders with varying perspectives and

backgroundsensuresthattheFIPactivitiesareappropriateforthesocio-politicalcontextofthefishery.Fisheryimprovement

projects are typically multi-year projects that increase levels of sustainability until a fishery is ready to enter MSC full

assessment.

Inthefinalsessionoftheday,MartinPurvespresentedanoverviewofMSCanddevelopingworldfisheries.Thenumberof

developingworldfisheriesparticipatingintheMSCprocessisincreasing.Atpresent,thereare17withMSCcertificationand

afurther11infullassessment.AlthoughAfricaonlyhas3MSCcertifiedfisheries,severalfisheriesintheregionareengaged

intheprocess,namely

• SouthAfricanhake

• SouthAfricanpole&linetuna

• Mozambiquedeepwatershrimp

• Mozambiqueshallowwatershrimp

• Tanzanianoctopus

• Kenyanrocklobster

• Madagascaroctopus

• Namibianhake

• Nigerianshrimp

• Moroccosmallpelagics

• IndianOceantuna

• Gambiasole

• Senegalshrimp

• Madagascarshrimp

Therearecurrentlynocertifiedoctopus (or cephalopod) fisheries, although, like southwestMadagascar’soctopus fishery,

theTanzanianoctopusfisheryhasundergoneapre-assessmentandisinstigatingaFisheriesImprovementPlanwithaviewto

enteringfullassessmentinthenextfewyears.

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SideEvent|OctopussamplingforfisheriesassessmentsandtoolsforparticipatoryassessmentAt the conclusion of Day 2, delegates were split into three groups for a series of practical demonstrations focusing on

methodsdiscussedinthemorningsession.Participantswereshownhowtoi)determinethesexofanoctopusandremove

itsstylet; ii)examinethestyletundera lightmicroscopetoagetheoctopus;andiii)usefreeAndroidOpenDataKit(ODK)

softwareon smartphones to improveparticipatory fisheriesmonitoring. TheODKdemonstration introduceddelegates to

someofthebenefitsofform-basedmobiledatacollection,includingcapturinggeo-taggeddatawithaccompanyingphotosin

realtime.Eachgroupspentapproximately10minutesateachstationbeforerotatingontothenextdemonstration.

Day3|Friday05December2014

SessionV|Towardscertification–developingandimplementingoctopusfisheriesimprovementactionplans.In the opening talks for Day 3, delegates from WWF, Blue Ventures, Capfish, the Kenya fisheries department and the

Tanzania FisheriesResearch Institutepresentedexperienceswith FIPs foroctopus in Tanzania (O. cyanea), rock lobster in

Kenya(Panulirusspp),aswellasshrimp(Fenneropenaeus indicus,MetapenaeusmonocerosandPenaeusspp)andoctopus

(O.cyanea)inMadagascar.Severalkeythemesemergedfromthepresentations,including:

• Thehigh costof certificationand the importanceofdonor involvement. FIPs for rock lobster inKenya, shrimp in

Madagascar and octopus in Tanzania are supported byWWF; the FIP forMadagascar octopus is funded by Blue

Ventures.

• Thelengthandslowpaceofthecertificationprocess.FIPsaretypicallymulti-yearprojects,anditcanbechallenging

to sustain stakeholder interest andparticipation throughout this time. InformalOctopusFIPs inMadagascarand

Tanzaniahavealreadybeenindevelopmentforadecade.

• Thedifficultyinimplementingarobustharveststrategyandcontrolrules.Thischallengedisexacerbatedbylimited

knowledgeofstockstatusandby-catch,andweakcapacitybyfishingauthorities.

ThefocusforthefinaltalkwasthedevelopmentandimplementationofanoctopusFIP.Aspartofthissession,whichwas

presentedbyMartinPurves,delegatessplitintogroupstoconsidertheroleofFIPsinaddressingthedataandmanagement

capacity challenges that often hinder progress towards sustainable management in small-scale and developing world

fisheries,beforereportingbacktotheworkshop.Delegateswereaskedtoprioritisetwoactionsundereachoftheprinciples

foroctopusfisheries intheregionthatareenshrined intheMSC’sFIPActionPlanguidancedocument.Responseswereas

follows:

• Improveminimumsizeregulations

• Build staff capacity and invest inmonitoring, control and surveillance capacity and equipment, especiallymobile

technology

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• Increasepublicconsultations

• Designate,regulateandincentiviselandingsitesandexpandtheroleofbeachmanagementunits(BMUs)

• Runpilottestswithdatacollectors

TheclosingspeechwasmadebyDrAlasdairHarris(ExecutiveDirector,BlueVentures).Hepresentedanoverviewofthekey

findingsoftheworkshop,expressinghishopethatthemomentumandconsensuscreatedbythismeetingshouldbetaken

forward, allowing fishery stakeholders from all over theWestern Indian Ocean to continue to participate in discussions

regarding the sustainablemanagementof the fishery. Inhis conclusion,heemphasised theenormousvalueofpromoting

dialoguebetweenfisheriesactorsfromdifferentcountriesoftheWIOregion,highlightingtheimportanceofcontinuingthe

stimulatingdiscussionsinitiatedbytheworkshop,andencouragingparticipantstocontinuetheseconversationsintheirwork

supporting improved small-scale fisheriesmanagement across the region. Dr Harris set out and encouraged progress on

severalactionpoints,whicharethesubjectofthenextsection.

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5. Conclusionsandlessonslearned

Thefollowingconclusionsweredrawnfromtheworkshop.

BenefitsofimprovedmanagementImproving themanagement of Africa's small-scale fisheries can deliver sustained benefits throughout the seafood supply

chain,benefitingcoastalcommunitieswhilerebuildingdwindlingfishstocks.

DiversityofmanagementapproachesleadingtosustainedgainsSeveralexamplesof small-scale fisheriesmanagementwerepresentedduring theworkshop, though thediversenatureof

approachessuggests that there isnoone-size-fits-allapproach.Theexamplespresentedareoverwhelminglybottom-up in

nature and targeted not only at octopus, but other invertebrates as well. There is now compelling evidence, from

Madagascarandelsewhere,thattemporaryclosurescanrapidlycreatebothecologicalandeconomicbenefits.

ChallengesofapplyingtheMSCstandardtodevelopingworldfisheriesEngagement in theMSC certification process in developing countries is increasing, though key questions surrounding the

applicability of the standard in this context remain unresolved.However, there is scope formodification, and theMSC is

listening toearlyadopting fisheriesgoing through theprocess.The fundingmodel inparticular is fundamentallydifferent:

MSC’sclientisnolongerabuyeroranexporter,butanenvironmentalNGOlikeWWForBlueVentures.

LengthycertificationprocessFIPsaretypicallymulti-yearprojects,andcantakeoveradecadetoimplement.Giventhelongtimeframeandtheslowpace

oftheprocess,itcanbechallengingtosustainstakeholderinterestandparticipationthroughout.Thereissignificantriskand

uncertaintyintheprocess,butthedonorcommunityisshoulderingmuchofthisatpresent.

NeedforregionalexpertiseinstockassessmentThere is an urgent need to develop regional and national expertise in fisheries stock assessment andMSC assessment in

ordertoreducethecostsofFIPsandtheMSCcertificationprocesstodevelopingworldfisheries.Apossiblesolutionwould

betoestablishanot-for-profitconformityassessmentbody(CAB)specificallyforadvisingandauditingsmall-scalefisheries.

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EssentialnatureofpartnershipsCollaborative efforts betweenNGOs, governments, fundingbodies and supply chain stakeholders havebeen fundamental

andhighlyeffectiveindeliveringtargetedoutcomesinsomeFIPs.

ValueofcommunityexchangesPeer learning and community exchanges have been critical to the growth in octopus fisheries management seen in

Madagascaroverthepastdecade,andanumberofhighprofileregionalexchangeshavehighlightedtheenormouspotential

of facilitating conversations between small-scale fishing communitieswith different experiences and perspectives. Given

thatmanyofthesuccessstoriespresentedattheworkshoparebottomupinnature,thereisaneedtoexpandsupportfor

localdialogueandcommunityexchanges.Heretoo,partnershipsareessential.

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Appendix1:WorkshopAgenda

WEDNESDAY3RDDECEMBER

08.30 Registrationopens

09.00 WelcomeandopeningaddressMartinPurves(MarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)),TimAndrew(WIOMSA)andAlasdairHarris(BlueVentures)

SESSIONI:STATUSANDTRENDSOFWIOOCTOPUSFISHERIESANDMARKETSChair:MartinPurves,MarineStewardshipCouncil,SouthAfrica

09.30 StatusandimportanceofoctopusfisheriesintheWIOStephenRocliffe,UniversityofYork,UK

10.00 OverviewofkeyfindingsofSmartfishMauritiusworkshop,February2014YannYvergniaux,Smartfish,Mauritius

10.15 Q&Aforspeakers

10.30 TEA/COFFEEBREAK

11.00 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromZanzibar DrNarrimanJiddawi,InstituteofMarineSciences,UniversityofDaresSalaam

11.15 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromMadagascarGilbertFrançois,RegionalDirectorateofFishingandMarineResources

11.30 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromTanzaniaMwanaidiMlolwa,FisheriesDevelopmentDepartment

11.45 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromKenyaGladysOkemwa,KenyaMarineandFisheriesResearchInstitute(KMFRI)

12.00 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromRodriguesJovaniRaffin,ShoalsRodrigues

12.15 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromSeychellesVincentLucas,SeychellesFishingAuthority

12.30 Countryoverview:ExperiencesfromMozambiqueErcilioChaque,

12.45 Q&Aforspeakers

13.30 LUNCH

SESSIONII:LOCALANDNATIONALMANAGEMENTAPPROACHESChair:AlasdairHarris,BlueVenturesConservation,Madagascar

14.30 Periodicoctopusfisheryclosuresasamanagementmodel:WhatVelondriaketaughtus,andhowitcanhelpyouDrTomOliver,UniversityofHawai’i,USA

15.15 Q&A

15.30 TEA/COFFEEBREAK

15.45 LessonslearnedfromthemanagementoftheoctopusfisherofRodriguesIsland,MauritiusReshadJhangeer-Khan,EconomicPlanning&MonitoringUnit,RodriguesRegionalAssembly,Rodrigues

16.15 Q&A

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16.30 Experiencesofperiodicfisheriesclosuresforother(non-octopus)fisheries StephenRocliffe,UniversityofYork,UK

17.00 ExperiencesoflobsterfisheriesclosuresinMadagascar EmmaQuilligan,Azafady,Madagascar

17.15 Q&A

17.30 Reviewofthedayanddayclose

18.00 InformalnetworkingeventatMercury’sBar

THURSDAY4thDECEMBER

SESSIONIII:OVERCOMINGDATAANDCAPACITYGAPSFORMONITORINGOCTOPUSFISHERIESChair:SloansChimatiro,WorldFish

08.30 OctopusvaluechainandupgradingstrategyinSenegalPapaGoraNdiaye,REPAO,Senegal

08.45 OctopusFisheryManagementPilotProjectPembaIsland,Zanzibar YannYvergniaux,Smartfish,Mauritius

09.00 Assessingoctopusfisheries:toolsandapproachesforparticipatoryassessment CharlotteGough,BlueVentures,Madagascar

09.45 Q&A

10.00 SimpleScience-basedmanagementoptionsforoctopusfisheries PaulMedley,FisheriesConsultant,UK

10.45 Q&A

11.00 TEA/COFFEEBREAK

SESSIONIV:MANAGEMENTCHALLENGESFORATTAININGTHEMSCSTANDARDChair:StephenRocliffe,UniversityofYork,UK

11.30 EcolabellingandMSCcertification-AnintroductiontotheMarineStewardshipCouncilMartinPurves,MarineStewardshipCouncil,SouthernAfricaProgramme

12.00 RegionalFishTrade:OptionsforAlignmentwithSustainableFisheriesDrSloansChimatiro,WorldFish,Zambia

12.15 Traceability–AmarkettrackingtoolforoctopustradeinKenya BenrickOgutu,FisheriesDepartment,Kenya

12.30 Q&A

13.00 LUNCH

14.00 Assessmentofoctopus(Octopuscyanea)populationsinMisaliIsland,PembaAndreaCarrassi,JohnsHopkinsUniversity,USA

14.15 FisheryImprovementProjects(FIPs)–Anoverview MartinPurves,MarineStewardshipCouncil,SouthernAfricaProgramme

15.15 Q&A

15.30 TEA/COFFEEBREAK

16.00 TheMSCanddevelopingworldfisheries MartinPurves,MarineStewardshipCouncil,SouthernAfricaProgramme

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16.45 Q&A

17.00 Reviewofthesessionandclose

17.30 SIDEEVENT:Octopussamplingforfisheryassessments CharlotteGoughandTinahMartin,BlueVentures,Madagascar

FRIDAY5THDECEMBER

SESSIONV:TOWARDSCERTIFICATION-DEVELOPINGANDIMPLEMENTINGOCTOPUSFISHERIESIMPROVEMENTACTIONPLANS(FIP)Chair:DrAlasdairHarris,BlueVentures,Madagascar

09.00 FisheriesImprovementProjects(FIPs)inMainlandTanzaniaDrBenjaminNgatunga,TanzaniaFisheriesResearchInstitute,Tanzania

09:20 OctopusFIPsinMadagascar XavierVincke,BlueVentures,Madagascar

09.40 RocklobsterFIPsinKenya ElizabethMueni,FisheriesDepartment,Kenya

10.00 Madagascarshrimp–developingaFIP DidierFourgon,WWF-Madagascar&WesternIndianOcean,Madagascar

10.20 WWFengagementinpromotingsustainablemanagementofOctopusfisheriesintheCoastalEastAfricaLydiaMwakanema,WWF-CoastalEastAfrica,Kenya

10:40 EAFtechnicalreport:Madagascaroctopusasacasestudy DaveJapp,Capfish,SouthAfrica

11.00 Q&A

11.15 TEA/COFFEEBREAK

11.30 DevelopingandimplementinganoctopusFIP MartinPurves,MarineStewardshipCouncil,SouthernAfricaProgramme

11.45 Discussionandnetworkcreation

12.30 Reviewoftheworkshopandclose

ENDOFWORKSHOP

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Appendix2:WorkshopParticipantList

Firstname Surname Email Organisation LocationofFishery

Henri Agathe henriagathe@yahoo.fr RodriguesRegionalAssembly(EPMU) Rodrigues

Tim Andrew tim@wiomsa.org WIOMSA Zanzibar

Rachide Cachimo ama.rachide.cachimo@gmail.com AssociaçãodoMeioAmbiente Mozambique

Andrea Carrassi acarras4@jhu.edu WorldLearningInc Zanzibar

Ercilio Chauque ama.ercilio.chauque@gmail.com AssociaçãodoMeioAmbiente Mozambique

Sloans Chimatioro skc1562000@gmail.com CGIAR/WorldFish Regional

Alonso DelSolarEscardó al.delsolar@gmail.com UniversityofBremen/IMS Zanzibar

Elizabeth DruryO'Neill elizabeth.druryoneill@su.se UniversityofStockholm/IMS Zanzibar

Didier Fourgon DFourgon-mg@wwf.mg

WWFMadagascarandWesternIndianOcean Madagascar

John France info@znccia.or.tz

ZanzibarNationalChamberofCommerce Zanzibar

Gilbert Francois gilbert_francois@yahoo.fr

MinistredesRessourcesHalieutiquesetdelaPêche Madagascar

Nancy Gitonga nancygitonga01@gmail.com FishAfrica Kenya

Charlotte Gough charlie@blueventures.org BlueVentures Madagascar

Nell Hamilton nell.ssh@gmail.com SustainableEastAfrica Zanzibar

Alasdair Harris al@blueventures.org BlueVentures Madagascar

Tammy Holter tammy@scuba-do-zanzibar.com ZanzibarAssociationofTourismInvestors Zanzibar

Joanna Hudson joanna@blueventures.org BlueVentures Madagascar

Munira Humud smunira@hotmail.com ZanzibarChamberofCommerce Zanzibar

Mike Ives mike@themantaresort.com TheMantaResort Pemba

Dave Japp dave@capfish.co.za Capfish(consultant) Regional

Reshad Jhangeer-Khan r.jhangeer-khan@hotmail.com RodriguesRegionalAssembly(EPMU) Rodrigues

Narriman Jiddawi n_jiddawi@yahoo.com InstituteofMarineSciences Zanzibar

Mohammed Juma mcjuma2003@yahoo.com MnembaIslandConservationArea Zanzibar

Magreth Kasuga WildlifeConservationSociety ZanzibarUlli Kloiber ukloiber@gmail.com ChumbeIslandCoralPark(CHICOP) Zanzibar

John Komakoma jkomakoma@hotmail.com

MinistryofLivestockandFisheriesDevelopment Tanzania

Thierry Lavitra lavitra_thierry@ihsm.mg

InstitutHalieutiqueetdesSciencesMarines Madagascar

Vincent Lucas vlucas@sfa.sc SeychellesFishingAuthority Seychelles

MakameHaji Makame mahamam2012@hotmail.com FisheriesDevelopmentDepartment ZanzibarMohamedAbbas Makame abbas.mamo@yahoo.com JongoweDevelopmentFund Zanzibar

Joao Manuel jmanuel@wwf.org.mz WWFMozambique Mozambique

Tinah Martin tinah@blueventures.org BlueVentures Madagascar

Angela McQueen angela.mcqueen@msc.org MarineStewardshipCouncil Regional

Paul Medley paulahmedley@yahoo.co.uk FisheriesConsultant Regional

Olivier Meraud omeraud@gmail.com Copefrito Madagascar

Mwanaidi Mlolwa mrmlolwa@yahoo.com

ActingDirectorofFisheriesDevelopment Tanzania

Asha Mohammed ashmomed@hotmail.com

DepartmentofFisheriesDevelopment Zanzibar

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ErastusJohn Mosha ejwmosha@yahoo.com MinistryofLivestockandFisheriesDevelopment Tanzania

Elizabeth Mueni emuenibf@yahoo.com

MinistryofAgriculture,LivestockandFisheries Kenya

Afonso Munduze munduze@gmail.com

InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigaçãoPesqueira Mozambique

Lydia Mwakanema lmwakanema@wwfafrica.org WWF-ESARPO Regional

PapaGora Ndiaye gndiaye@gmail.com REPAO Senegal

Nobuhle Ndlovu Nobuhle.Ndhlovu@fao.org SWIOFCScientificCommittee Regional

Benjamin Ngatunga bpngatunga@yahoo.co.uk TanzaniaFisheriesResearchInstitute Tanzania

Josephine Nzilani Josephine.Nzilani@fauna-flora.org

FaunaandFloraInternational Kenya

Benrick Ogutu benrickogutu@gmail.com

DepartmentofAgriculture,LivestockandFisheries Kenya

Gladys Okemwa gokemwa2002@yahoo.com

KenyaMarineandFisheriesResearchInstitute Kenya

Tom Oliver tom.andrew.oliver@gmail.com UniversityofHawai'i Regional

Makame Omar abbas.mamo@yahoo.com JongoweDevelopmentFund Zanzibar

Paul Onyango onyango_paul@udsm.ac.tz UniversityofDaresSalaam Tanzania

Daudi Pandu daudi.hp@mcu.go.tz MarineConservationUnit Zanzibar

Helen Peeks helen.peeks@sit.edu WorldLearningInc Zanzibar

Martin Purves Martin.Purves@msc.org MarineStewardshipCouncil Regional

Emma Quilligan emma.quilligan@azafady.org Azafady Madagascar

Jovani Raffin raffijov@yahoo.com ShoalsRodrigues Rodrigues

Francisco Ramananjatovo elpfrancisco@yahoo.fr WildlifeConservationSociety Madagascar

Samueline Ranaivoson samranaivo@gmail.com

MinistredesRessourcesHalieutiquesetdelaPêche Madagascar

Lilia Rasolofomanana lrasolofomanana@wwf.mg

WWFMadagascarandWesternIndianOcean Madagascar

Stephen Rocliffe steve.rocliffe@gmail.com YorkUniversity Regional

Ruffin Sambany ruffindfm_07enmg@yahoo.fr

MinistredesRessourcesHalieutiquesetdelaPêche Madagascar

Lorna Slade lorna_slade@yahoo.com

MwambaoCoastalCommunityNetwork Zanzibar

Ali Thani aly.thani@gmail.com

MwambaoCoastalCommunityNetwork Zanzibar

Xavier Vincke xavier@blueventures.org BlueVentures Madagascar

Beth Wagude beth.wagude@afipek.org

KenyaFishProcessorsandExportersAssociation Kenya

Saleh Yahya saleh_y@yahoo.com InstituteofMarineSciences Zanzibar

Yann Yverginaux yann.yvergniaux@coi-ioc.org Smartfish(COI-IOC) Regional

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Appendix3:EngagingwiththeMSC’scertificationprocess

TheMarineStewardshipCouncil iscommittedtoproviding fairandequalaccess forall fisheriesseekingMSCcertification.

MSC has developed several tools and also provides guidance to help small-scale fisheries in theWIO to meet the MSC

standardforsustainablefishing,andultimatelygetcertified.Thisappendixprovidesabriefoverviewofthesemechanisms.

1.StakeholdertrainingandcapacitybuildingMSC staff at the South Africa office run regular regional stakeholder training and capacity building workshops and can

provideinformationandadviceonthebenefitsoftheMSCcertificationprogramtointerestedstakeholders.

2.Gapanalysis–Pre-assessmenttemplateAnMSCpre-assessmentprovidesabaselinedeterminationofhowafisheryperformsagainsttheMSCstandard.Thisallows

forgapsinaperformancetobeidentifiedandareasneedingimprovementtobeoutlined.

3.Planningimprovements–ActionPlanTemplateandguidanceUsingtheresultsofthepre-assessment,adetailedactionplanfor improvementcanbedevelopedtoclosethegapsinthe

fishery’s performance. The action plan template can be used to plan actions with milestones, timeframes, resources,

responsibilities,andbudgetsneededtomoveafisherytowardssustainability.

4.Trackingprogress–BenchmarkingandTrackingTool(BMT)TheBMTusestheresultsfromthepre-assessmentandtheactionplantobenchmarkthefisheryagainsttheMSCstandard

andtotrackactualagainstexpectedprogressasthefishery’sperformanceimprovesovertime.

Formore informationonthetoolsandguidancethatMSCcanprovidetoWIOfisheries,visitwww.msc.org/go/fip-toolsor

emailMartinPurvesattheMSCSouthAfricaoffice:martin.purves@msc.org